Unit 12 Section 7 “Stephen Hawking”的新知学习环节-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套课件PPT（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“Stephen Hawking”主题，系统涵盖词汇（阅读、重点、活用等分层学习）、重点句式（形容词短语作状语等）及介词短语语法，通过课前词汇默写导入，以霍金事例为载体串联核心词汇与语法，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质，词汇通过“知其义、写其形、悉其变”分层突破，如“overcome”结合语境感知与应用练习；句式采用“变换+仿写”提升运用能力，语法专题从语境感知到规则点拨。主题微写作等检测环节助学生综合运用知识，既提升语言表达与文化意识，又为教师提供结构化教学资源，提高教学效率。

“Stephen Hawking” 的新知学习环节 Section 7 课时目标 1.学习并掌握重点语言知识，包括单词、短语及句式等。 2.掌握介词短语的用法，并学会在具体语境中运用。 课前词汇默写 核心词汇突破 重点句式解构 课时检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 05 04 语法专题突破 3 01 课前词汇默写 一、阅读单词——知其义 1．relativistic cosmology　　　 相对论_______ 2．a grand design _________ 设计 3．Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有_______定律 宇宙学 宏伟的 引力 二、重点单词——写其形 1．________ the challenges　　 克服挑战 2．________ in popularity 受欢迎度下降 overcome decline bonus bonus 三、活用单词——悉其变 theoretical theory astronomy astronomer influence influential 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1．theoretical：-ical形容词后缀　 ①practical　　　　　　　 实际的 ②philosophical 具有哲学意味的 ③astronomical 天文学的 ④classical 古典的 2．influential：-ial形容词后缀　 ①facial　　　　　　　　 面部的 ②partial 部分的 ③commercial 商业的 五、高级词块——通其用 1．__________　　　　　　 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) 2．____________ 在……岁 3．___________ 而不是 4．___________ 结果 5．_____________ 若干，一些；许多 6．____________ 分离；把……和……分开 in spite of at the age of rather than as a result a number of separate from 7．__________ 代替 8．__________ 因为；由于 9．________ 导致；通向 10．_________ 寻找 11．_________ 仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访；改善 instead of because of lead to look for look up 02 核心词汇突破 1．Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control)． 霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。 ★overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 |用|法|感|知|　 ·(“学习生活”主题佳句)Because we are confident about ourselves, we will overcome any difficulty in our studies. 因为我们对自己有信心，所以我们会克服学习中的任何困难。  ·(“心理描写”佳句)When I saw what was in the bag, I was overcome with a mixture of respect and gratefulness.当我看到包里的东西时，我心里充满了敬意和感激。 [归纳点拨] be overcome by sth.　　　 ……使某人垮掉/昏迷 be overcome with ... 因……而不能自持 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The girl, sitting alone on the bench under the dim streetlight, appeared to be overcome _______ homesickness. ②He was then overcome _____ a terrible fit of coughing, forcing him to lean against the wall for support. with by ③He struggled to __________________, taking a deep breath before walking up to the stage and forcing himself to smile at the audience. 他努力克服羞怯，深吸一口气后走上舞台，强逼着自己笑对观众。 ④The young man _________________________ and graduated with a first-class degree. 这个年轻人克服了很多困难，以一流的学位成绩毕业。 overcome his shyness overcame many difficulties 2．Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。 ★decline vi.& vt.减少，降低；下降；衰退；谢绝n.下降；衰退 |用|法|感|知| (写出下列句中decline的词性和含义) ①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. _________ ②The company reported a small decline in its profits. _______ ③As is known to us all, the industry in the country has been on the decline since the 1970s. ________ vt.谢绝 n.下降 n.衰退 归纳点拨 (1)decline to do sth.　　　 拒绝做某事 decline to 下降/减少到 decline by 下降/减少了 (2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降 in decline 下降 on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 名师点津 decline后接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词；decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接to accept，以免语义重复。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ④There has been a sharp decline _______ sales this year. ⑤The number of tourists to the resort declined _____ 10 percent last month. ⑥The company, however, now declines ___________(comment) further on the subject. in/of by to comment ⑦She____________________________________, saying that she didn't feel well. 她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与朋友们一起去购物。 ⑧There's a widely-held belief that the rate of employment _____________________ in that province in the past few years. 人们普遍认为那个省在过去几年就业率一直在下降。 declined to go shopping with her friends has been on the decline 3．In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man. 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。 ★in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) |用|法|感|知| ·(“动作描写”佳句)Her voice was shaking in spite of all her efforts to control herself. 尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，她的声音仍然在颤抖。 ·John still helped us warmly in spite of being quite tired after working eight hours. 尽管工作八个小时后已经很疲惫了，但约翰仍然热情地帮助我们。 ·(“活动介绍”佳句)In spite of the fact that the race was occurring in the hills, I thought it would be wonderful.尽管比赛是在山上进行的，我还是认为那会很精彩。 [归纳点拨] (1)in spite of为介词短语，后接名词或v.-ing，不能接从句，相当于despite。 (2)in spite of/despite＋n.所表达的意义相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。 (3)regardless of意为“不管，不顾”，其后可接whether、what引导的从句。 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①In spite ______ the noise, they went on working as if nothing were happening. ②He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless ____ his personal gain or loss. (2)同义句转换 ③Although we made efforts, we still lost the game. →_____________________________, we still lost the game. of of Despite/In spite of all our efforts 03 重点句式解构 1．This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own. 这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完全分离。 该句中的“completely separate from our own”是形容词短语在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。可位于句首、句末或句子中间，通常和句子的其他成分用逗号分开，但单个的形容词可以连在一起。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构(用形容词作状语改写) ①I was too nervous.I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. →____________, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. ②I was interested in foreign literature, so I signed up for this course immediately. →___________________________，I signed up for this course immediately. Too nervous Interested in foreign literature (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)急于了解加拿大的体育运动，我写信来询问文章的进展如何。 ____________________________________, I'm writing to ask how the article is progressing. ④她只是站在那里，无法相信刚才发生的事。 She just stood there, _____________________________________. Anxious to learn about Canadian sports unable to believe what had just happened 2．In The Grand Design (2010, with Leonard Mlodinow), Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. 在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。 巩固已学语法——不定式作定语 不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，如：way、 time、 reason、 chance、 opportunity、 need、 wish、 effort、 right、 ambition等。 [应用融会]　(完成句子) ①Do you know the correct way _______________________? 你知道这台机器该怎么关吗？ ②There is no reason ________________. 没有理由怀疑他的话。 ③They have now an opportunity _________________________. 他们现在有一个出国深造的机会。 to shut the machine down to doubt his word to go abroad to study further 04 语法专题突破 语法项目—— Phrasal Prepositions 语境自主感知 1．(教材典句)At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS. 2．(教材典句)Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have. 3．(教材典句)In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man. 4．In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. [我的发现] 观察以上例句，你能总结出黑体短语的构成特点吗？ 语法规则点拨 介词短语相当于一个介词词组，是短语性的固定介词搭配，且其搭配不可随意变更。常见结构有：介词＋名词＋介词；介词＋the＋名词＋介词；连词＋介词；连词＋-ed分词＋介词；形容词＋介词；副词＋介词等。下面列举常见结构的短语： 一、介词＋名词＋介词 in terms of　　　　 谈及；就……而言；在……方面 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in addition to 除……以外 in charge of 掌管，负责 in spite of 尽管 in exchange for　　　　　 作为交换 in favour of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in honour of 为向……表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念 in support of 支持 with regard to 关于；至于 二、介词＋the＋名词＋介词 with the help of　　　　 在……的帮助下 for the purpose of 为了…… under the leadership/care/guidance of 在……的领导/关心/指导下 in the name of 以……名义 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the back of 在……背后；支持 at the age of 在……岁 at the foot of 在……脚下 at the bottom of 在……底部 at the top of 在……顶上 at/on the edge of 在……边上 in the course of 在……的过程中 in the eyes of 从……的观点看来， 在……的眼里 in the face of 面对…… in the middle of 在……中间 at the cost of 以……为代价 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 三、连词＋介词 because of 　　　　　 　 因为 as for 就……而言 as to 至于 but for 要不是 四、连词＋-ed分词＋介词 as compared with　 　 　 与……相比 as opposed to 而不是；与……相比 五、形容词＋介词 due to 　　　　　　　　 由于 owing to 由于 previous to 在……以前 according to 根据 六、副词＋介词 instead of　　　　　　　 而不是；代替 regardless of 无论，不管 ahead of 在前面 away from 远离 up to 一直到 next to 紧挨着 apart from 除……之外 together with 和……一起 along with 连同……一起 即时应用体验 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our club is open to everyone regardless ____ age, sex or educational background. 2．(2025·浙江1月高考)Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes ____ honor of her native home; other times she pairs dinner courses with her favorite beers. of in 3．________ the help of the captain, the sailors landed in the end and appreciated him. 4．He is selfless and he does everything for others in exchange _____ nothing. With for Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Advertising agencies would create a basic type of advertisement, _________________ promoting and selling goods to customers. 广告代理公司会创建一种基本类型的广告，目的是向客户推销和销售商品。 2．From the activity, I learned that at present the environment is being destroyed___________________________________. 我从这次活动中了解到，由于人们的有害活动，目前环境正在被破坏。 for the purpose of because of people's harmful activities 3．There is no doubt that I can fulfil the task _________________. 毫无疑问，我会提前完成任务。 4．______________ last year, his income of this year is lower. 与去年相比，他今年的收入少了。 ahead of schedule As opposed to 05 课时检测 第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练 (一)单句语法填空(8分) (1)The country is a “second-rate power” which has been ___ decline for a century. (2)She __________ (overcome) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness. (3)The most likely ___________ (explain) is that his plane was delayed. (4)The first year provides students with a sound ___________ (theory) basis for later study. in overcame explanation theoretical (二)选词填空(12分) instead of, look for, look up, as a result, in spite of, rather than (5)___________, humans developed a range of character types that still exist today. (6)__________ doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to become independent. (7)I have __________ words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meanings. As a result Instead of looked up (8)____________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances. (9)They naturally _________ someone else who could be responsible for the problem. (10)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite us, _____________ divide us. In spite of look for rather than (三)完成句子(10分) (11)_________________________, I can't concentrate on anything. 我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 (12)We should find_________________. 我们应该想办法解释。 (13)There was a time_______________________________. 曾经有一段时间我对待在室内感到厌倦。 Embarrassed and ashamed a way to explain when I was tired of staying indoors (14)We regard masks as an effective tool _____________________ _________. 我们认为口罩是一种有效阻止疾病传播的工具。 (15)____________________________________, I'm shocked by the photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. 当在翻阅报纸的时候，我被亚洲一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片震惊了。 to prevent disease from spreading As I am looking through the newspaper (四)主题微写作(15分) 你校校刊英语专栏正在征集一篇短文，主题为“我最喜爱的科学家”。请你根据本课所学内容，用英语写一则介绍霍金的稿件投稿。 参考范文： My Favorite Scientist: Stephen Hawking Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest scientists, impressed the world with both his cosmological theories and strong will.Born in 1942, he studied physics at Oxford and Cambridge but was diagnosed with ALS at 21, which left him almost paralyzed.However, he never gave up. Hawking developed new ideas about black holes and wrote A Brief History of Time, a bestseller worldwide.Even when he lost the ability to speak, he used a device to continue sharing his wisdom.His words “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ...be curious.” at the 2012 Olympics still inspire us to stay curious.To me, he is a hero who turned physical limits into a journey of the mind. 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 完形填空 Isabella Springmuhl Tejada is one of the first professional fashion designers with Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征)． Her path to success wasn't 1 . Although she showed her 2 for design in childhood, when she would spend hours designing paper dresses for her dolls, she was 3 from several fashion schools due to her disease. She had no 4 but to seek other ways. She 5 for a sewing course, where she was 6 to sew clothing for finger-sized traditional Guatemalan (危地马拉的) dolls, which she 7 happily. Meanwhile, she also made a(n) 8 in designing dolls, creating some life-sized dolls and dressing them in the colorful traditional embroidered jackets she's now famous for. This design experience helped Tejada develop her own design style, 9 traditional Guatemalan patterns, colors, and materials in her culture. She also created her own brand Down To Xjabelle, 10 for people with Down Syndrome, knowing how difficult it was for people like her to find 11 clothes. The new brand 12 right away, making it all the way to London Fashion Week, proving fashion can 13 all barriers and borders. And the 14 designer talks about her plans for the future as well, “I want to export my brand all over the world and 15 that people with Down Syndrome can do what they set out to do.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患有唐氏综合征的设计师Isabella Springmuhl Tejada通过设立自己的品牌，专门为唐氏综合征患者服务的故事。 1．A.comfortable　　　　　　 B．awful C．awkward D．smooth √ 解析：根据后文“she was _______ from several fashion schools due to her disease”可知，她被学校拒绝，由此可推测她的成功之路并不顺利。 2．A.arrangement B．talent C．determination D．responsibility √ 解析：根据后文“for design in childhood, when she would spend hours designing paper dresses for her dolls”以及她设计的娃娃取得了成功可知，她有设计天赋。 3．A ． rejected B．dismissed C．ignored D．excused √ 解析：根据后文“from several fashion schools due to her disease”可知，由于她的疾病，她被几所时装学校拒绝了。 4．A.guidance B．aim C．option D．right √ 解析：根据后文“but to seek other ways”可知，此处为短语have no option but to do sth.，表示“别无选择，只能”。 5．A.waited B．competed C．prepared D．registered √ 解析：根据后文“for a sewing course”可知，此处指注册缝纫课程，应用register。 6．A ． assigned B．forced C．inspired D．persuaded √ 解析：根据后文“to sew clothing for finger-sized traditional Guatemalan dolls”可知，缝纫课上她被分配为手指大小的传统危地马拉娃娃缝制衣服。 7．A.purchased B．accepted C．imagined D．contacted √ 解析：根据后文“happily”以及上文“she would spend hours designing paper dresses for her dolls”可知，她高兴地接受了这个任务。 8．A.discovery B．opportunity C．innovation D．schedule √ 解析：根据后文“creating some life-sized dolls and dressing them in the colorful traditional embroidered jackets”可知，她制作了一些真人大小的娃娃，还给它们穿上了夹克，即进行了创新。 9．A.indicating B．abandoning C．transforming D．highlighting √ 解析：根据后文“traditional Guatemalan patterns, colors, and materials in her culture”可知，她的设计风格突出了危地马拉文化中的传统图案、颜色和材料。 10．A ． specially B．naturally C．usually D．obviously √ 解析：根据后文“for people with Down Syndrome”可知，此处指她的品牌专门为唐氏综合征患者服务。 11．A.pricey B．suitable C．fancy D．famous √ 解析：根据上文“people with Down Syndrome, knowing how difficult it was for people like her to find”可知，她的品牌Down To Xjabelle专门为唐氏综合征患者服务，因为她知道像她这样的人很难找到合适的衣服。 12．A.paid off B．got across C．took off D．caught up √ 解析：根据后文“making it all the way to London Fashion Week”可知，品牌走到了伦敦时装周，即取得了成功。pay off“奏效；获得回报”；get across“使理解”；take off“起飞；成功”；catch up“赶上”。 13．A.combine B．fuel C．beautify D．overcome √ 解析：根据后文“all barriers and borders”以及上文品牌走到了伦敦时装周可知，此处指时尚可以克服一切障碍和边界 14．A ． ambitious B．enthusiastic C．humble D．proud √ 解析：根据后文“her plans for the future”可知，此处指她有抱负。 15．A.guarantee B．assess C．show D．conclude √ 解析：根据后文“that people with Down Syndrome can do what they set out to do”可知，她想通过自己的行动向人们展示唐氏综合征患者可以做他们想做的事情。 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $