Unit 12 Section 2 “Scientific Breakthroughs”的课文习读环节-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套课件PPT（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“科学突破”主题，系统梳理20世纪重要发明与发现，通过泛读熟悉主题、细读梳理细节（如爱因斯坦相对论等），构建从整体到局部的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握主旨与细节。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，精读环节教授段落大意归纳方法，写法借鉴赏析“stage”等高级词汇及排比修辞，课时检测通过机器人阅读和七选五提升语用能力。既助学生提升语言运用与逻辑思维，也为教师提供系统教学资源，提高教学效率。

“Scientific Breakthroughs” 的课文习读环节 Section 2 课时目标 1.略读文章，熟悉主题语境，获取文章的主旨大意。 2.细读文章，找出相关的细节信息并梳理二十世纪重要的发明和发现。 3.运用主题词汇写一篇关于一个重要发现或发明的概要。 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 美文阅读润心 课时检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 3 01 课文阅读理解 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)理清文脉结构 energy theory of relativity Alexander Fleming lives of millions accuracy communicate (二)把握主旨大意 1．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Scientific discoveries in our daily lives. B．Commitment made by great inventors. C．Changes happen in our everyday lives. D．Pioneers of the 20th century in science. √ 2．Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 (Para.1)　 A．The influence of these discoveries or inventions. Part 2 (Paras.2～6) B．There are many important discoveries and inventions in the 20th century. Part 3 (Para.7) C．Some representative pioneers and their discoveries or inventions. 答案：Parts 1～3　BCA 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)阅读理解 1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph? A．People have made amazing discoveries in medicine, communications and transport. B．It is hard to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century. C．Scientists have found how to split the atom. D．The world has changed completely. √ [Tip] 如何归纳段落大意 在归纳段落大意时，首先要找到该段的中心句。如果该段没有中心句，在确定该段每句话的信息和功能后，再归纳和概括。课文第一段的第一句是中心句，表明了在20世纪的重大发现中选出最重要的一项不是一件容易的事。后面的句子属于细节支撑，主要解释各个方面的科技发展情况。由此可判断第一段的段意。 2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？ A．When he was at work. B．His assistant helped him. C．When he was rocking his one-year-old baby, he was inspired. D．His dream inspired him. √ 3．After Alexander Fleming double-checked，he realised that _______. A．penicillin was in fact the natural form of the blue mould B．penicillin was useless to help to save the lives of people C．he made the greatest breakthrough of the century D．penicillin could be used to kill bacteria √ 4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer? A．To do some difficult experiments. B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles. C．To help people make mathematical calculations. D．To replace the missiles and become a new weapon. √ 5．What is the author's attitude to the pioneers and their achievements? A．Objective.　　　　　　 B．Admirable. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical. √ (二)阅读表达 1．What does the WWW enable computers around the world to do? _____________________________ 2．What role do pioneers in science and technology play? _____________________________________________________________________ To communicate with each other. They play an important role in helping people know about the world around us. 3．Which discovery or invention do you think has been the most important so far? Why? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ There are many important discoveries and inventions. I think the Internet is one of the most crucial inventions as it has revolutionized communication and access to information globally. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　标记关键信息速读文 本文是说明文，写作结构为“总-分-总”。第一段整体介绍了20世纪的许多重要科学成就。第二至六段详细介绍了20世纪取得重大科学突破的一些科学先驱及其成就。第七段总结了这些科学突破给人们带来的影响。 其中在介绍20世纪的重要科学成就时按照时间顺序展开说明，阅读时应按照时间顺序在文中标记关键信息，便于快速定位和解答。 02 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 赏析：stage为高级词汇，形象地描写了手术的场景。 2．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 赏析：go一词在此是熟词生义的用法，表示“变动，变化”，形象地描述了我们的通信方式由写信变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 [提能训练]　(写出句中黑体词的含义) ①The situation went from bad to worse.______ ②The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet. ______ 变化 上演 (二)赏句式之高　 1．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 赏析：此句是并列句。主语分别是We和scientists，第二个分句中previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。 2．Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 赏析：Although引导让步状语从句；主句是it is possible to single out ...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to single out ...，意为“挑选出”。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①The old oak tree, _________________________, stands tall in the park, and its branches are covered with leaves that turn golden under the autumn sun.这棵古老的橡树，在公园里高高耸立，被许多人欣赏，树枝上长满了在秋日的阳光下变成金色的叶子。 ②Although learning a new language is challenging, _______________ ________________with people from different cultures. 尽管学习一门新语言具有挑战性，但能够与来自不同文化的人们交流是非常值得的。 appreciated by many people it is rewarding to communicate (三)赏修辞之功　 1．“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.” 赏析：此处直接引用了Fleming说的话，增加了文章的真实性和感染力。 2．It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them. 赏析：此处使用了排比结构来列举爱因斯坦的发现成果，增强了语句的节奏并强调了效果。 [提能训练]　(翻译句子并体会修辞手法的使用) ①Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly-cured patients,________________________, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残疾。 ②According to Albert Einstein, “_____________________________ _______________.” 根据阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的说法，“想象力比知识更重要。” less pain, less discomfort Imagination is more important than knowledge (四)赏结尾之翘　 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. 赏析：本句为文章最后一句。通过提出一个假设性问题(如果没有这些科学和技术的突破，世界会是怎样)，间接地展望了一个不同的未来。作者运用对比的写作手法强调了这些发现对现代社会不可或缺的作用，使读者对当前世界的成就有了更深的认识，回应了主题。 03 美文阅读润心 在探索宇宙奥秘的浩瀚旅程中，我们总会被那些照亮人类智慧的星辰所吸引。爱因斯坦，这位现代物理学的巨匠，以其深邃的思想和非凡的发现，成为我们仰望星空时最亮的那颗星。让我们跟随这篇文章，走进爱因斯坦非凡的一生，感受这位伟大科学家的智慧与温情。 Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！” [阅读理解] 1．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics? A．He was recognized to be a miracle then. B．He had four physics papers published. C．He became just as famous as Newton. D．He explained the photoelectric effect. √ 2．What happened to Einstein in 1933? A．He came to power in Germany. B．He was forced to leave Germany. C．He moved to Europe for his degree. D．He refused to work as a researcher in the USA. √ 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Einstein was a genius as well as an indifferent figure. B．Einstein did well in the entrance exam for the first time. C．Einstein used to work as a clerk in the USA. D．Einstein didn't care about his appearance or being famous. √ [素养积累] 1．由文积词汇 relativity n．　　　　　 相对论；相对性 photoelectric adj. 光电的 institution n. 制度；习俗；社会公共机构 take up a position 担任职位；任职 peculiarity n. 个性；特点 encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅 2．据文悟句式 句①：who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。 句②：“逻辑主语＋现在分词”式的独立主格结构。 句③：“介词＋动名词”结构作时间状语；现在分词短语作伴随状语。 句④：“while＋现在分词”式的状语从句的省略结构。 句⑤：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That same year。 句⑥：there be句型，其中包含一个嵌套从句：how引导的从句作介词about的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。 04 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans. Asimo The primary focus of the robot is to help people.Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English. Created by: Honda (Japan) Sophia It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education，research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life. Created by: Hanson Robotics (China) Atlas Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形). The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running，jumping and turning over. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains. Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States) Spot Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions. For example, it can map your environment, sense barriers, and lift packages. Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States) 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款机器人。 1．Which of the following can characterize Asimo? A．Its high speed. B．Its facial expressions. C．Its language ability. D．Its communication skills. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese，Chinese and English.”可知，该机器人可以用三种不同的语言与人交流，即Asimo的主要特征是它的语言能力。 2．Which robot is created by China? A．Asimo.　　　　　 B．Sophia. C．Atlas. D．Spot. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics(China)”可知，Sophia是中国创造的。 3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common? A．They can change their body shapes. B．They can carry small packages. C．They can help do some housework. D．They can detect barriers around. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions ... sense barriers, and lift packages.”可知，Atlas和Spot的共同之处在于它们都可以探测到周围的障碍物。 B Max Du won the Canada-Wide Science Fair. His project is a drone (无人机) to save people who go into cardiac (心脏的) arrest. Max got the inspiration during New Year break last year. “I got a toy drone from my parents, but I couldn't fly it because it is snowy.” Max said. “So I played with it at home, and it got me thinking how a drone could be used as an indoor robot that could help people.” About 35,000 people have cardiac arrests in Canada each year. Most of those happen outside of a hospital, of whom fewer than 10 percent survive. Max believed a drone could offer faster support and life-saving medicine, but he had to build it himself to know for sure. Testing his drone took about six months. Max's parents had to deal with their son's constantly flying and crashing in the home. Every time Max would create an exciting innovation, such as an extendable arm, it would add extra weight to his drone, causing it to break apart. Then Max would have to buy all new parts. Max tested using more lightweight materials until his design was more balanced. Through trial and error, the 14-year-old boy finally got it right. His drone can open a door handle, fly in the air and then land softly on the ground. A new extendable arm can be released to administer a shot or hand a patient life-saving medicine. A built-in camera could directly conference with an emergency response team whose members could monitor the patient remotely. Max plans on applying for a patent (专利) so he can make connections in the health-care industry to get it made for real. He has spent his summer learning about artificial intelligence at California's Stanford University as one of 32 kids selected worldwide. He'll head next to the University of Pennsylvania to take a college-level robotics class before returning to high school in September. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位14岁的少年设计用于救助心脏病人的无人机并因此获奖的故事。 4．Why did Max Du design a drone by himself? A．He had sympathy for those with heart attacks. B．He had nothing to do in holidays. C．He wanted to use it to help his parents. D．He tried to make it fly in the snow. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Max所说的话及第二段中的“Max believed a drone could offer faster support and life-saving medicine, but he had to build it himself to know for sure.”可知，他的无人机是用来帮助心脏骤停的病人的，表明他很同情患有心脏病的人。 5．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Most of the people with cardiac arrests in Canada can survive. B．Max's parents were unwilling to help during his drone design. C．It's very important to control the balance of the drone. D．Max's design of the extendable arm is very smooth. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知，可伸展的机械臂会给无人机增加额外的重量，从而导致它四分五裂。Max需要使用更轻的材料使他的设计更加平衡。由此可知，控制无人机的平衡是很重要的。 6．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The instructions for using the drone. B．The reason for applying for a patent. C．The process of Max's success. D．The functions of the new drone. √ 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段可知，本段主要介绍了无人机的功能。 7．Which of the following can best describe Max? A．Considerate and brave. B．Talented and creative. C．Clever and honest. D．Helpful and loyal. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据文章中所说的Max自己设计救助心脏病人的无人机可知，Max很有创造力；最后一段说明Max在人工智能方面很有天赋，故B项(有天赋并具有创造力的)最能描述Max。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Houses of the Future What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict. 8 Future houses will have to be flexible.In thirty years' time, even more of us will be working from home.So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest.Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home. 9 Nothing will be as fixed as it is now.The house will always be changing to meet changing needs. Everyone agrees that in thirty years' time we will be living in “intelligent” houses.We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do like this.“We'll be having a party this weekend.What food shall we cook？” 10 We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check. 11 You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.You won't have to paint them — you'll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don't like the color the next day, you'll be able to have a new one. 12 A．What will our home be like then? B．The house of the future will be personalized. C．The house will be equipped with a central nervous system. D．The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave. E．The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family. F．The only thing you won't be able to do is to move the house somewhere else! G．And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了未来房子的可能形态，包括其灵活性、智能化和个性化等特点。 8．解析：选A　根据上文“What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict.”可知，建筑师们正在努力预测三十年后的房子的样子。本空应对未来房子的样子进行提问。故A项(那时我们的家会是什么样子呢？)承接上文，符合语境。 9．解析：选E　上文强调了未来房子的灵活性和适应性，以及家庭结构的变化对房子的影响。本空应强调未来的房子灵活，可以随着家庭成员的增加而变化。故E项(未来的房子必须随着家庭的成长而变化)承接上文，符合语境。 10．解析：选G　上文描述了未来厨房机器的智能性和与人的交互性。上文问到“我们这个周末要开派对。我们该做什么菜？”，G项(机器会告诉我们需要买什么食材以及如何烹饪)承接上文，符合语境。 11．解析：选B　下文描述了未来家居的个性化特点，特别是墙壁颜色的可变性。故B项(未来的房子将是个性化的)作为段首句，直接概括了下文关于未来家居个性化特点的描述，引起下文，符合语境。 12．解析：选F　上文强调了未来家居的墙壁颜色的易变性。本空应对上文进行补充，从其他方面例证房子的灵活性。故F项(你唯一不能做的就是把房子搬到别的地方去！)作为对上文的补充，既强调了家居的灵活性和可变性(可以改变颜色)，又指出了其局限性(不能移动房子)，使得描述更加全面。同时，这种略带幽默的语气也增加了文章的趣味性，符合语境。 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein, physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most formula E＝mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam， After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working study， earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, , he published four extraordinary physics papers. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about with her homework. $