专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编，四川专用）高二英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与社会 —— 历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） In a typical residential area of Hong Kong, the basketball courts at Kennedy Town Playground are surprisingly busy — not with players, but with tourists. Located on a hill, the courts provide great views of the Hong Kong skyline, making them an unexpected attraction. This trend began with a hot post on the social media platform Xiaohongshu, turning the playground into a unique spot for photo opportunities. The post gathered over 13,000 likes and 15,000 saves, illustrating the concept of “planting grass”. “Planting grass”, or zhongcao, refers to recommending products or experiences to make others interested in trying them. This phenomenon has become a key driver of tourism and commerce, creating what’s now called the “grass planting economy”, which means recommendation-based business models. By September 2023, more than 200,000 products spanning 100 industries had been discussed on Xiaohongshu, according to Xinhua. Around 51 percent of users on the platform were willing to try new brand products. Globally, platforms like Instagram have also driven recommendation-based marketing. Data analysis company Data Reportal revealed that in 2023, 62.2 percent of Instagram users followed or researched brands through the platform, highlighting its influence on purchasing behavior. In Fujian, the popularity of a folk tradition known as zanhuawei has turned Quanzhou into a vibrant cultural destination. Similarly, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, famous for its porcelain art, has become popular among young travelers due to “planting grass” posts. The charm of this model comes from how real it feels: Millions of users act as city ambassadors, sharing personal recommendations. Different from traditional tours, the trips described in these posts feature the hidden charm of the cities and build meaningful connections with local culture, boosting tourism, according to Xinhua. While “planting grass” can help the economy grow, it also carries some risks. Following trends without caution may lead to overcrowding and danger. A Polish couple who followed posts to check a viral photo spot fell off a cliff in Portugal while taking a selfie past a safety barrier several years ago. In Hong Kong, popular locations recommended on social media often attract tourists who crowd narrow sidewalks, blocking locals — particularly the elderly — from passing. 1．What is the writer’s purpose of mentioning the basketball courts in paragraph 1? A．To post a viral photo spot in Hong Kong. B．To capture the reader’s interest. C．To gather as many likes as possible. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 2．What does the underlined word “planting grass” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Highlighting a scenic spot. B．Making recommendations. C．Stimulating economic development. D．Promoting products actively. 3．How is the 4th paragraph developed? A．By listing statistics. B．By giving a definition. C．By classifying facts. D．By explaining the process. 4．Why does “planting grass” carry many risks according to this text? A．Because it can lead to some threats to safety. B．Because it lets users spread misinformation to gather likes. C．Because too many people are attracted to pursue trends blindly. D．Because popular locations are crowded with a large number of tourists. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟·期中） With a focus on discounts and good deals, frugality (节俭) has become the new buzzword for young people, a recent study reveals. In a society that has quickly shifted from shortage to abundance, these consumers are finding a new middle ground, balancing the enjoyment of shopping with the need to save. Wu Mei, a 30-year-old lawyer in Shenzhen, Guangdong, believes that “falling in love with yellow discount labels is actually a positive change in consumer attitude. After all, just because you can afford something expensive doesn’t mean you should pay too much for it.” Lu Yu, a 24-year-old office worker from Fuzhou, agrees. She has found various ways to save, from collecting free samples at promotional events to reusing packaging. To her, frugality means appreciating the small things, like turning a milk tea cup into a pencil holder or using shopping bags for storage. While Lu’s parents’ generation may have seen frugality as a sign of hardship, these young adults see it as a smart lifestyle choice. “Our spending philosophy is save where you can, spend where you should’. The older generation might say the same, but where we choose to spend differs. I might spend on anime merchandise (动漫商品), or blind boxes,” said Lu. A survey conducted by Beijing News Shell Finance in October highlights the careful spending habits of young consumers nationwide. While they’re willing to spend more on experiences, their spending choices remain thoughtful. The survey found that 58.3 percent of respondents would cut costs if they found cheaper options. Additionally, 56.4 percent would skip certain purchases if they felt they lacked novelty or had already been experienced. “Young adults’ frugal habits, offer an interesting look into how today’s youth are changing their approach to spending, saving money without giving up essentials,” said Zhu Dì, a research fellow at the Institute of Sociology. 1．How does Lu Yu practice frugality according to the passage? A．By collecting small things like milk tea cups. B．By avoiding purchases related to entertainment. C．By collecting free samples at promotional events. D．By buying expensive anime merchandise regularly. 2．What does Lu Yu think of the trend of young people pursuing discounts? A．It’s a sign of hardship. B．It’s a positive change in consumer attitude. C．It’s a completely new spending philosophy. D．It reflects an environment-friendly lifestyle. 3．What can be inferred about young consumers from the last paragraph? A．They are under great financial pressure. B．They have limited options when shopping. C．They put the discount first instead of the quality. D．They attach importance to both needs and saving. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Young adults say no to parents’ spending habits. B．Frugality is out of date for the young consumers. C．Young adults embrace frugality as a smart lifestyle. D．Discount shopping has impacted economy positively. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市·期中） People thoughtlessly make other people into social media content. If you want to explain this problem, you only draw more attention to something that shouldn’t be happening in the first place. On a regular basis, a photo or a video will be posted on some social media in which a totally ordinary person doing a totally ordinary thing is removed from all context. And if you look at the numbers on the post, you’ll find that the post has been viewed by a million people. This is a predictable result of everybody having a camera with them at all times. Who hasn’t wished they had a camera to document the amazing “small person walking huge dog” moment they enjoyed? Curiosity happens, and surprise happens. But if you are purely using someone as a curiosity, why dont’t you say, “Can I take your picture?” Deep down you know the person might not want you to. Should we walk around with our head down, ignoring the world of amusing strangeness around us? Of course not. We’re far enough into the “practically everybody has a camera” age that we know how it goes, and how we just never know when our small post will become a big deal. To preserve privacy, you can put digital stickers over somebody’s face. You can also offer descriptions in different ways instead of showing photos. Bear in mind: Standing there with your phone out taking a picture of people who are innocently eating lunch might seem strange to some people, And one of them might also have a phone. 1．What is the predictable result of easy camera access? A．People become more interested in others. B．People are more likely to enjoy amusing events. C．Amazing situations can be recorded without worry. D．Posts of ordinary people can unexpectedly become hot. 2．Why might people not ask strangers for permission before taking photos? A．They want natural shots. B．They are afraid of being refused. C．They intend to surprise strangers. D．They’re unwilling to bother strangers. 3．What does the author suggest we do to protect privacy in online photos? A．Cover faces with digital stickers. B．Ask for permission before posting. C．Post photos with rich descriptions. D．Pay no attention to what happens around. 4．What attitude does the author probably hold to taking photos of people eating in public? A．Objective. B．Unconcerned. C．Favorable. D．Disapproval. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省巴中市·期中） Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪黑激素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem. C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction. 2．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．Escape. D．Suffer. 3．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”? A．Exposure to false news. B．Apps selection difficulty. C．Fear of being left behind. D．Pressure from social comparison. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C．To give instructions on starting digital detox. D．To present different attitudes to digital products. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市十二中（川大附中）·期中） Online literature is believed to have first gained a significant foothold in the Chinese mainland. Started domestically in the 1990s, Chinese online literature has been booming globally over the past two decades. Whether it be online releases or physical book publications, works in Mandarin only to be spontaneously translated by enthusiasts are a growing phenomenon. The establishment of online reading platforms and the setup of overseas localization and development ecosystems have led to Chinese online literature continuously expanding its global influence. It is now described as one of the world’s four major cultural phenomena, along with US Hollywood movies, Japanese animation and South Korean TV dramas. Featuring magnificent imagination, fascinating plots and compelling stories, it is drawing a growing mass of readers from all over the world. According to a report released by the ChinaWriters Association last April, Chinese online literature has captivated nearly 200 million active overseas users, 80 percent of whom are Generation Z readers — those born between the mid-1990s and early 2000s — from most countries and regions worldwide. Another report released by the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association in December revealed that in 2023, China’s online literature industry earned 4.35 billion yuan ($597 million) from international markets, up 7 percent year-on-year. “The charm of Chinese online literature is boundless. It goes beyond the limitations of traditional literature, breaking cultural barriers to resonate with readers around the world. As someone from faraway Italy, I’ ve found deep emotional connection and inspiration in these works. Themes like the pursuit of dreams and the fight for justice are universal, uniting people across cultures,” said Carlo Maria Rossi, a stage designer and multidisciplinary creative director from Rome and a big fan of the popular Chinese web novel Lord of Mysteries. Currently, Chinese online literature is crossing more boundaries and exploring a new path of going global. With a focus on “global co-creation on intellectual property”, online literature writers from different nations and regions are joining hands in fostering and developing their web novel IPs, creating a new wave of the globalization of literature while promoting cultural understanding and exchanges. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Chinese literature is popular with Generation Z readers. B．How Chinese literature influences other cultural phenomena. C．Chinese online literature rises from local origins to global waves. D．Why Chinese online literature promotes people’s cultural exchanges. 2．Which contributes to the global expansion of Chinese online literature? A．The rapid spread of Mandarin. B．The promotion of other cultural forms. C．The long history of traditional literature. D．The building of online reading platforms. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The high cost of developing Chinese online literature overseas. B．The limited growth potential of Chinese online literature in the future. C．The dominance of Chinese online literature in the international market. D．The increasing popularity and economic value of Chinese online literature. 4．What can be inferred from Carlo Maria Rossi’s words? A．Lord of Mysteries is well-received in Italy. B．Chinese online literature bridges cultural differences. C．People can find more emotional links in Italian literature. D．Italian literature has the same themes as Chinese online literature. Passage 6 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟·期中） In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the over-consumption of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. “Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because you’re just immersed in it,” Tara Cappel, founder of travel company FTLO Travel, told Travel + Leisure magazine. However, she acknowledged that tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.” Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest more realistic ways to address internet addiction. “I make sure my use of technology is purposeful,” Sina Joneidy, a senior teacher at Teesside University said when interviewed. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. “Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,” lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．What can we learn about digital detox trips? A．Most travelers are willing to take one. B．They provide a long-term solution to internet addiction. C．Participants lock their devices in a box until the trip ends. D．Travelers can use their devices for emergencies during the trip. 2．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Trapped. B．Addicted. C．Absorbed. D．Rooted. 3．What is Emily Cherkin’s attitude toward a digital detox? A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Digital Detox: A Cure for All? B．Brain Rot: The New Internet Epidemic C．Screen-Free Vacations: Helpful or Useless? D．Tech-Free Travel: An Ideal Cure for “Brain Rot” 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川绵阳南山中学·期中） Apps can help any users, even those who are not students, get more organized and improve their work. Whether or not you are a student, here are some apps worth considering. Quizlet Quizlet is a study aid app. It is filled with flash cards on many subjects to study. Quizlet has links to subjects like: Arts & Literature; Languages & Vocabulary; Math & Science; History & Geography; Standardized Tests; Professional & Careers. The app has a mix of text, images and audio recordings, including pronunciation of words in different languages. Quizlet has games to play and tests to take. Cards are available on the app even when you are not connected to the Internet. Quizlet is available as a free app from Apple’s iTunes store. Free Graphing Calculator App The Free Graphing Calculator lets the user create up to four graphs at once, and lets users adjust the graphs for the best views. You can change measurements within the image easily using the app. The mathematics and science guide within the app can explain some important math or science ideas. The Free Graphing Calculator is free. Users can pay to remove the advertising. PomoDone App The PomoDone app can help divide time into blocks for work and for breaks. The app on the computer helps keep track of time blocks for each activity. The app will say when it is time to take a break and when it is time to get back to work. PomoDone can work with other apps and help the user keep track of one’s activities over long periods of time. The app is available for computers from the PomoDone website. The app is free. Paid extra features are available. 1．What’s the same feature of the three apps? A．They can be used to help users for free. B．They can be used to divide time into blocks. C．They can be used to explain some important maths. D．They can be used to study English freely. 2．What kind of work can you use Free Graphing Calculator App to do? A．Remove the advertising for free. B．Make a graph clearer. C．Keep track of time blocks. D．Study Arts & Literature. 3．Where can you get the PomoDone App? A．At Apple’s iTunes store. B．In the advertising column. C．From the PomoDone website. D．From the Free Graphing Calculator. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省天立集团·期中） Modern problems require modern solutions. When it comes to the lack of windows or desirable views, American company LiquidView has an interesting idea — a virtual window. Consisting primarily of a series of high-resolution (高清晰度的) digital panels and a kit to make them blend perfectly into any space, like a normal window, the virtual window also offers users access to a content library featuring beautiful locations all over the world. Accessible via a special smartphone app, the library offers an immersive (沉浸式的) experience according to your local time. “Each view is filmed by National Geographic level photographers with feature film motion picture cameras, over a 24-hour period. It records an entire day in impressive 8K videos,” the LiquidView website claims. “To add to the unpredictability (不可预知性) of looking out a window, views are improved with photo-realistic content that appears randomly throughout the day.” Each smart window comes with a handy kit, one or several high-quality 4K Sony screens (depending on the chosen model), and access to the company’s content library. In terms of pricing, it was announced that a single-panel VirtualWindow costs $25,000, while the larger, three-panel option can be bought for $100,000. “Like so many people, I have lived in homes and worked in offices with no views or terrible ones,” LiquidView CEO and filmmaker, Mitch Braff, said. “Improving people’s lives by giving anyone a beautiful view was the reason for starting LiquidView. Our windows literally transform rooms.” Sadly, LiquidView Virtual Windows won’t be able to help with space ventilation (通风), and they come with an added cost in electricity. However, for some people this could be a small price to pay for the chance to wake up to virtually any view imaginable. “I believe with the Virtual Window, LiquidView offers a pathbreaking solution that can completely transform how you experience a space,” said Noah Kaplan, founder and president of Leon Speakers. “This product has the potential to solve some of the biggest challenges that architects and designers face. Imagine being able to provide a view of anywhere in the world, in any space. It’s mind-blowing really.” 1．Where are the views in the content library from? A．They are selected from classic movies. B．They are computer-generated videos of various landscapes. C．They are recorded by photographers over a 24-hour period. D．They are live streams from real windows around the world. 2．How much do two single-panel Virtual Windows cost? A．$25,000. B．$50,000. C．$75,000. D．$100,000. 3．Why did LiquidView create Virtual Windows according to Mitch Braff? A．To encourage people to get out and travel. B．To awaken people’s interest in photography. C．To offer high-quality screens to homes and offices. D．To transform living space by providing beautiful views. 4．What might LiquidView do to improve Virtual Windows? A．Add more tools to the kit. B．Make the windows larger. C．Develop more electricity-saving panels. D．Collect more views in the content library. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省眉山市东坡区眉山车城中学·期中） We already know that eating too much salt can lead to heart disease. But could it also affect our mind? Scientists found that a high-salt diet could cause cognitive impairments (认知损伤)in mice, and it could produce the same effect on humans. Dr Costantino ladecola, director of the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice. After about three months, the mice had a big change in their behaviour. Mice are very curious, and they like to look for new things. However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object.When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they were unable to do so. The research suggested humans would experience a similar response. Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr Iadecola said the estimated (预估的) two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term. However, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, who were given extremely high levels of salt. “But probably over years and perhaps decades－as opposed to(相反) a few months for the mice－even lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect,” Dr Iadecola said. “High levels of salt cause serious immune (免疫的) changes in the organs (器官) in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,” Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. “Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.” 1．Which can describe the tested mice? A．They remained quiet all day. B．They became smarter than ever. C．They forgot some routine things. D．They were quick at finding objects. 2．What do we know about Australians? A．They ignore health advice. B．They have a higher-salt diet. C．They dislike processed food. D．They value their brain health. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Studies carried out by Bryce Visse B．Immune changes brought about by salt. C．Effects of daily diets on human behaviour. D．Links between salt intake and brain damage. 4．What does the text suggest? A．Brain health counts much. B．The body never tells a lie. C．A low-salt diet is to be recommended. D．Heart disease can be prevented. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都石室中学·期中） Online marketplaces for goods and services are increasingly valuable and powerful. When it comes to their reputation systems, they typically take the form of five-star ratings. While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers. This may not be a big issue for marketplaces offering basic, mass-market products and services, but it can be a serious problem for marketplaces where it is important to allow truly great providers to differentiate themselves clearly. In their current application, five-star rating systems suffer from several shortcomings. Lacking motivations for providing truthful feedback, users who have extreme experiences (either very bad or very good) are much more likely to leave feedback than users who have average experiences, thus creating selection biases (偏见). Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional. And in some marketplaces, the difference between 4.5 stars and 4.8 stars could be massive, making it hard for users to differentiate OK suppliers from very good ones. Several options are available to offer users a more precise sense of suppliers’ relative ranking. A basic thing they could do would be to show users the average score for all suppliers in the relevant category. By seeing the whole distribution and where the supplier fits in it, the user could quickly get a sense of the overall situation. The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). Although rating systems alone can't guarantee trust and safety in online marketplaces, applying these measures can make rating systems more reliable and reduce the need for additional services. 1．What is the main problem with the five-star rating systems in online marketplaces? A．They often give wrong ratings to average experiences. B．They are unable to identify low-quality products or suppliers. C．They are not widely used in marketplaces offering basic products. D．They can’t effectively distinguish good from great products or suppliers. 2．What can be inferred from a hotel’s 4.8-star rating on an online travel site? A．Most guests had great stays. B．It offers incomparable service. C．The rating may be misleading. D．It's far better than 4-star hotels. 3．What helps users better understand suppliers’ relative ranking? A．Presenting the exceptional scores of all suppliers. B．Displaying the total number of reviews for each supplier. C．Highlighting reviews from the same user with distinct scores. D．Evaluating reviews from various users with consistent scores. 4．What can we infer about the impact of adjusting user ratings for reviewing behavior? A．It will eliminate all forms of rating bias. B．It will discourage users from leaving feedback altogether. C．It will make suppliers with consistent high ratings less visible. D．It will improve the accuracy of relative rankings among suppliers. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省绵阳中学实验学校·期中） Today, the widespread ability to use Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services in online retail is transforming how consumers pay for purchases. Rather than relying on traditional payment methods, consumers are increasingly using BNPL services to spread payments across interest-free installments (免息分期付款). In new research, we found that BNPL adoption led to immediate and substantial increases in spending. Consumers who adopted BNPL were more likely to purchase, with purchase probability increasing from 17% to 26%. Furthermore, when adopting consumers made purchases, their basket sizes were 10% larger on average than before the introduction of BNPL. Furthermore, the data also reveals a significant aspect of BNPL’s influence on consumer spending patterns. In subsequent tracking studies, it was observed that these increases in spending were not transitory: They lasted for close to six months, showing that BNPL drives lasting gains rather than short-term rises in consumer spending. To understand how BNPL increases spending, we conducted experiments and found that participants who paid in installments felt less financially constrained (财务受限) than those who paid in full. BNPL’s ability to divide payments into smaller amounts gives consumers a sense of better control over their budget. Smaller payments seemed more manageable, even when larger payments were delayed. Additionally, the smaller amounts made consumers feel the cost was less important, encouraging them to add more items to their purchases. At first glance, BNPL may seem like a win-win for both sellers and consumers. However, our findings suggest that sellers are most likely to see increased spending from financially constrained consumers who rely on credit cards. Given that BNPL can encourage overborrowing and lead to financial pressure, it’s important to be careful about who is offered BNPL and how much they can use. Like a tempting dessert, BNPL can seem appealing short-term but carries risks if overused, leading to a financial “sugar crash”. 1．What do we know about BNPL? A．It boosts consumer spending. B．It involves high-interest fees. C．It raises the price of products. D．It sets up a minimum purchase. 2．What does the underlined word “transitory” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Rapid. B．Fixed. C．Temporary. D．Permanent. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways of using BNPL services. B．BNPL’s influence on consumers. C．Disadvantages of paying in installments. D．A comparison of different payment methods. 4．Why does the author mention “tempting dessert” in the last paragraph? A．To urge people to stop using BNPL. B．To show the wide application of BNPL. C．To state the benefits of BNPL for sellers. D．To warn people to be cautious about BNPL. 主题03 人与自然——自然与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都石室中学·期中） For some people, October is Octobear. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”, took the first-place spot with 68,105 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds. Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one-day event attracted 1,700 votes. In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign. The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America’s national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska’s wilderness to fans’ computer screens. “It’s not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore,” Fitz said. Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon (三文鱼) in the world, said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai’s bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far. Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it’s because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don’t have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. “Maybe things aren’t super great all the time in the world,” said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. “But there are some really fat bears in Alaska.” 1．Why did Bear 747 become the winner of Fat Bear Week in southern Alaska? A．It gained the most pounds. B．It was the heaviest. C．It presented the best photos. D．It was the most famous. 2．Why did Mike Fitz extend Fat Bear Tuesday to a week-long event in 2015? A．To reduce the cost of managing the online voting system. B．To attract more tourists to visit Katmai National Park in person. C．To increase public engagement with the bears’ ecological importance. D．To allow bears more time to gain weight to ensure a fairer competition. 3．What can we learn about Katmai’s bears? A．They can only be observed closely during Fat Bear Week. B．Their population has increased due to protective measures. C．They have a stable food source thanks to the well-preserved river. D．They’re the main reason why tourists visit the park throughout the year. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful. B．Brown Bears; Winter Survival Is Crucial. C．Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion. D．Katmai’s Bears: A Special Beauty Contest. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省广安第二中学校·期中） Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web.” Far from being isolated (孤立的) individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌). These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections.” When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrate that acacia trees bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid (兰花), hack the network to steal nutrients om nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins(毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) against climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1．What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? A．Transmitting electrical signals through roots. B．Releasing a warning gas into the air. C．Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. D．Producing defensive resins in bark. 2．What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Using chemicals to kill insects. B．Fighting for sunlight through height. C．Releasing poisons to contain competitors. D．Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3．Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? A．They maintain ecosystem stability. B．They support younger trees with nutrients. C．They connect the forest’s fungal network. D．They help forests resist climate change. 4．Which title best summarizes the article’s main idea? A．Amazing Tree Growth Speed Records B．New Discoveries About Forest Animals C．Dangerous Chemicals in Forest Plants D．Underground Communication Among Trees Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） “A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形). ” Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱). “The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.” Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving. ” 1．What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding? A．Human hunting. B．Climate change. C．Natural enemies. D．Polluted surroundings. 2．What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2? A．Giving examples. B．Cause-effect analysis. C．Making comparison. D．Process analysis. 3．What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph? A．Animals can well adapt to changes and survive. B．Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain. C．Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia. D．All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial. 4．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text? A．Technology. B．Health care. C．Environment. D．Education. 主题 01 人与自我 —— 成长与挑战 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive(尺码包容)trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based plus-size girl. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also note that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 1．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph? A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored. C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized. 2．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive? A．They pick sizes randomly. B．They offer limited plus sizes. C．They treat designers disrespectfully. D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes. 3．What is researchers’ attitude towards some brands? A．Appreciative. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 4．What does the last paragraph imply? A．All buyers deserve fashion that fits their figure. B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values. C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend. D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省阆中中学校·期中） Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 1．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patters. D．They were closely connected 2．Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern. 3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400 C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．New languages will be created. B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C．Human development results in fewer languages. D．Geography determines language evolution. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） It seems you can ask artificial intelligence (AI) programs anything, and they’ll give you an answer. So, can they tell jokes? This question was raised when UK comedian Karen Hobbs performed in late June. Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs delivered jokes written by ChatGPT. The process made her nervous. Hobbs said that when she asked ChatGPT for a joke, what it provided was a man joking about being impatient with his shopping-obsessed girlfriend. Even when she asked to switch to the woman’s perspective, the joke still featured a shopping-obsessed girlfriend, just told from the first-person perspective. It’s no surprise that many jokes come from a male perspective in online materials, as males dominate the field of comedy. The BBC commented that AI storytelling can only reproduce information that already exists in some form, although it can produce some never-before-seen combinations of ideas. “One way that AI can tell jokes is to do what any 5-year-old does — repeat a successful joke they have heard or try to make an obvious variation of it,” said Les Carr, a professor of web science. Nonetheless, a good joke in real life can always adjust to the audience’s feedback, which often leads comedians to improvise (即兴创作). This, unfortunately, is beyond the current capabilities of AI. For instance, in improv, there is no space for pre-arranged plan; the comedian must rely only on their instinctive (直觉的) reaction to the audience. “A well-done stand-up bit can lead the audience through a funny story all the way to a hilarious punchline (令人捧腹的妙语),” Michael Ryan, a student researching AI’s impact on comedy, explained to the BBC． “The whole time the comedian knew exactly where he or she was going with the joke and brought the audience there.” However, this could all change. Research is already ongoing to give AI a greater understanding of the world around it, which makes the future of AI jokes still uncertain. 1．What is Hobbs’ attitude toward the ability of AI to create jokes? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 2．What can be inferred according to this text? A．Men are in control of the humor industry. B．Females are much less humorous than males. C．Many jokes come from a male perspective online. D．AI provided a joke for Hobbs from the woman’s perspective. 3．What can artificial intelligence (AI) do with jokes? A．Combine any never-before-seen idea. B．Adapt some existing jokes to a certain extent. C．Rely on its instinctive reaction to the audience. D．Improvise jokes according to the audience’s feedback. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of AI jokes. B．The current capabilities of AI. C．What’s a truly great joke? D．Can AI be genuinely funny? 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省眉山市仁寿一中北校区·期中） For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients. Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, they can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types. Also, a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages, which means only a small part of them are brand new. The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions. To test its safety, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people, both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, they’ll be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions. The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear. Meanwhile, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. But if it’s successful, the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types. 1．Why are the scientists carrying out the research? A．The blood reserve is not adequate. B．Normal blood transfusions are out of date. C．More and more people need blood transfusions. D．They want to find a new trail of blood transfusions. 2．What’s the advantages of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab? A．They suit the patients of all different ages. B．They have red blood cells from different races. C．They are effective to the patients for a longer term. D．It is extremely economical and makes life much easier. 3．Which of the following statements is true? A．The research still has a long way to go. B．Normal blood transfusions will disappear soon. C．Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood. D．The brand new blood isn’t fit for those with rare blood types. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The test of lab-grown blood. B．Comparison of two blood transfusions. C．An appeal for rare blood donation. D．The expense of blood transfusions. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future. Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission.   Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.” Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster. The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface. 1．What is the purpose of the DART mission? A．To destroy Dimorphos completely. B．To change the orbit of Dimorphos. C．To track potentially dangerous asteroids. D．To prevent Dimorphos from hitting the Earth. 2．How can we describe the test according to Andrea Riley? A．Better late than never. B．Rob Peter to pay Paul. C．Prepare for a rainy day. D．Bark up the wrong tree. 3．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To prove the significance of DART’s success. B．To present the effect of the largest extinction events on humans. C．To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes. D．To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters. 4．What is LICIACube intended for? A．Recording the crash test with photos. B．Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface. C．Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft. D．Increasing the force of crashing the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省宜宾市叙州区东辰学校·期中） As robotics technology advances at an unprecedented pace, society faces complex ethical challenges that demand careful consideration. Humanoid robots like Sophia, equipped with artificial intelligence, are blurring the line between machines and living beings, raising profound questions about robot rights and responsibilities. Current developments in emotional AI enable robots to simulate human-like responses. For instance, care robots in Japan can detect and respond to elderly patients’ emotional states. While this technology improves quality of life for many, it also creates dependency issues. Studies show some seniors develop emotional attachments to their robotic caregivers, potentially isolating them from human contact. The workplace presents another ethical minefield. Amazon’s warehouse robots have increased efficiency by 300%, but at what cost? Injury rates in automated warehouses remain high as humans struggle to keep up with machine-paced work. The European Union is now debating “robot taxes” to fund retraining programs for displaced workers, highlighting the socioeconomic impacts of automation. Perhaps most controversially, military applications of robotics pose existential threats. Autonomous drones with facial recognition can now identify and eliminate targets without human intervention. Over 50 countries are developing lethal autonomous weapons systems, despite warnings from AI experts about the potential for catastrophic errors. As we stand at this technological crossroads, the fundamental question remains: Just because we can build these machines, should we? The answer may determine what kind of future we create. 1．What is the mam ethical concern regarding care robots mentioned in the passage? A．Their high maintenance costs B．Their potential to cause emotional dependency C．Their inability to understand human emotions D．Their replacement of all human caregivers 2．According to the passage, what is one consequence of warehouse automation? A．Decreased productivity B．Higher worker injury rates C．Reduced need for skilled labor D．Improved worker satisfaction 3．What does the term “robot taxes” refer to in the context of the article? A．Fees charged for robot maintenance B．Government levies to support displaced workers C．Penalties for unsafe robot use D．Import duties on foreign-made robots 4．Which statement best reflects the author’s perspective on military robotics? A．They are necessary for national security B．Their development should be encouraged C．They pose significant dangers D．Their benefits outweigh the risks Passage4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省德阳市绵竹中学·期中） In an age where smartphones govern daily routines, researchers are uncovering subtle cognitive trade-offs (权衡) associated with over-reliance on digital tools. A 2023 Cambridge University study tracking 1, 200 participants revealed that habitual users of navigation apps showed 23% weaker spatial memory compared to traditional map readers. Functional MRI (磁共振成像) scans demonstrated reduced hippocampal (海马体的) activity in GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes, while traditional navigators exhibited stronger neural connections in memory-related regions. The cognitive impact extends beyond navigation. Language learners using apps with automated translation features scored 15% lower in spontaneous sentence construction tests than textbook-based peers, according to a Tokyo University experiment. Dr. Eleanor Richards, a cognitive scientist at Oxford, explains: “Our brains adapt to technological shortcuts by weakening underused neural pathways—like muscles atrophy (萎缩) without exercise.” This awareness has sparked counter-movements in both education and corporate sectors. Germany’s TechSphere GmbH, a software development company, implemented “Analog Fridays” in 2022, requiring employees to use paper notebooks and physical whiteboards every Friday. Post-implementation surveys showed a 19% increase in meeting participation and 27% reduction in self-reported mental fatigue. “We’re not anti-technology,” clarifies CEO Markus Weber, “but strategic separation helps reclaim cognitive bandwidth (认知带宽).” Similar policies have been adopted by 12% of Silicon Valley startups as per 2023 industry reports. Educational reforms mirror this shift. The University of Amsterdam now mandates (授权) handwritten lecture notes for first-year students, resulting in 14% higher exam scores compared to laptop users. Stationery manufacturer Moleskine reported 40% growth in planner sales since 2021, with 35% purchased by tech professionals seeking screen-free productivity methods. Neuroscientists propose balanced solutions. Dr. Richards advocates “cognitive zoning (认知分区)”: using digital tools for data storage while reserving analog methods for critical thinking tasks. As AI integration accelerates, the challenge lies not in rejecting technology, but in designing hybrid systems that preserve essential human cognitive capacities. 1．What did the Cambridge study find about GPS users? A．Decreased hippocampal activity. B．Enhanced memory retention by 23%. C．Improved route planning speed. D．Stronger neural connections. 2．What policy did TechSphere GmbH apply? A．Programs for weekly digital training. B．Required weekly paper tools use. C．Smartphones banned in meetings. D．Screen time extended for allowances. 3．What does “cognitive zoning” recommend? A．Restricting digital tools to protect human cognitive capacities. B．Prioritizing data storage efficiency. C．Distinguishing task types for digital or analog processing. D．Increasing AI integration speed. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital tools? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市成华区成都列五中学·期中） Explaining the science behind memory and memory loss, as well as strategies that help people remember better is the subject of a new book co-authored by Professor and Chair of Psychology and Neuroscience Elizabeth A．Kensinger. In Why We Forget and How to Remember Better: The Science Behind Memory, Kensinger and Boston University Professor of Neurology Andrew E. Budson examine how memories exist in the short term and how they get stored for longer-term access. The book explains how memory influences our behavior without our awareness, underlining the fact that what and how we remember influences everything from our social relationships to the decisions we make on a daily basis. “When most of us talk about our memory, we are referring to our ability to bring specific past events to mind,” said Kensinger. “But memory is so much more than that, including all the ways our past experiences influence our current thoughts and behavior. Memory can be thought of as a powerful source of data that the brain can use to make sense of the present moment and to make predictions about the future.” Memory is an active and cyclical process, Kensinger said, similar to building a structure out of blocks. “As you experience an event, you’re representing different features of the event in different regions of the brain; one portion of your brain is representing the sounds, another the sights, another the emotions,” she said. “A particular region of your brain, the hippocampus, is serving as the tape that binds those blocks together, and that stores the blueprints for how to later rebuild that memory structure.” Kensinger and Budson discuss memory as a cycle because, as individuals rebuild a memory, they’re likely to update it with current information—such as, has a friend changed their appearance by growing a beard, or cutting their hair? Once updated or modified, these revised blueprints are stored again. “In this way, memory is a continually changing representation; it is not a static representation of the past,” said Kensinger. 1．What did Kensinger think of our understanding of memory? A．Accurate. B．One-sided. C．Very ambiguous. D．Completely wrong. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Why we forget things. B．How we remember things. C．The importance of memory. D．The function of hippocampus. 3．What does the underlined word “static” in the last paragraph mean? A．Casual. B．Temporary. C．Not working or reflecting. D．Not moving or developing. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To discuss a theory. B．To provide a solution. C．To introduce a book. D．To analyze a phenomenon. 主题03 人与自然——自然与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳南山中学实验学校·期中） The intelligence of crows (乌鸦) continues to surprise scientists. According to a research published this week in Science, crows can indeed count. The results show that crows have counting capacities near those of human babies, says lead study author Diana Liao, a researcher at the University of Tübingen in Germany. “We think this is the first time this has been shown for any animal species,” she adds. Crows do not appear to be capable of symbolic counting, where numbers serve as an exact representation. Instead, the birds count by controlling the number of vocalizations (发出的声音) they produce to correspond to associated hints. This is similar to how young children count before learning symbolic numbers, Liao says. For example, a baby who is asked how many apples are on a tree may answer, “One, one, one”. The baby produces the number of speech sounds which agree with that of the apples, rather than just saying, “Three.” In the study, Liao and her colleagues presented the crows with randomly ordered hints, four of which were visual-colored numbers that appeared on a touch screen. And four of them were auditory (听觉的), including sounds made by guitars and drums. Through trial and error, the birds had to figure out the correct number of calls to pair with each hint. If they got it right, they received a worm reward. After receiving about 180 training sessions, all of the crows were able to produce the correct number of vocalizations associated with the hints at a level higher than chance — a “pretty cool” finding, Liao says. She suspects, too, that the crows could have mastered numbers higher than four if they were given the opportunity. Onur Güntürkün, a biopsychologist at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany, who was not involved in the research, says the new paper is “excellent” even if the findings are “not unexpected” given all that scientists already know about crows’ intelligence. 1．What is the new research about? A．Crows’ ability to count. B．Crows’ skill of solving problems. C．A comparison between crows and babies. D．An investigation into auditory ability. 2．Why does the author mention a baby counting apples in paragraph 3? A．To explain how babies think. B．To clarify how crows count. C．To illustrate the wisdom of crows. D．To display baby learning progress. 3．How did the crows get the worm rewards? A．By counting objects on the screen. B．By picking colors from the touch screen. C．By choosing between sounds and images. D．By matching sounds to visual and audio hints. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The results fit with previous findings. B．The study needs further confirmation. C．The biopsychologist is critical of the study. D．The results are beyond scientists’ expectations. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都石室中学·期中） Wisconsin, known as America’s “cheese state,” is using dairy waste for winter road safety. In Polk County, officials discovered that cheese brine (卤水), a salty byproduct of cheese-making, melts snow and ice more effectively than traditional rock salt while cutting costs and environmental risks. Every winter, U.S. cities spend millions on rock salt to de-ice roads, but the practice harms vehicles, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Emil Norby, manager of Polk County’s highway department, faced this dilemma. “Buying salt or equipment to make it is too expensive,” he said. In 2008, he realized that dairy farms in Wisconsin release thousands of gallons of cheese brine annually. Why not repurpose it? F&A Dairy in Dresser, Wisconsin, produces 5,000 gallons of brine waste monthly. Until Norby’s proposal, the brine was treated as waste. Tests showed the brine’s 24 — 25% sodium (钠) content made it an ideal substance to replace magnesium chloride (氯化镁), a common road salt additive (添加剂). By pre-wetting rock salt with brine before spreading it on icy roads, crews found the salt activated faster and lasted longer. The results impressed Norby. Cheese brine remains liquid at -21℉, melting ice more efficiently. Even better, the dairy provides the brine for free — Polk County only pays 9 cents per gallon for transportation, compared to $1.29 per gallon for buying magnesium chloride. In its first year, the county saved $40,000 and reduced rock salt use by 30–40%. Springtime inspections found the remaining substance not harmful. Today, Polk County mixes cheese brine with hot brine and magnesium chloride, using 32,000 gallons annually to cover 1,200 miles of roads. Neighboring regions, including Milwaukee, are following suit. Milwaukee, which once tried beet juice and molasses as de-icing alternatives, will launch a cheese brine pilot program this winter after using 44,339 tons of rock salt last year. As Norby notes, Wisconsin’s dairy abundance offers a sustainable, cost-effective twist on road maintenance (维护) in winter. “Why waste a resource when we can turn trash into treasure?” he asks. Polk County’s innovation proves that creativity — and a little cheese — can go a long way on icy roads. 1．What is the challenge using rock salt for de-icing roads? A．It is difficult to obtain in large quantities. B．It is not effective in melting snow and ice. C．It requires specialized equipment to apply. D．It is too expensive and environmentally harmful. 2．Which statement is true about cheese brine for de-icing? A．Cheese brine must mix with chemicals to work. B．The only cost for Polk County is the transportation fee. C．Cheese brine can completely replace rock salt for de-icing. D．Cheese brine can work effectively in any weather condition. 3．Why are Milwaukee’s previous de-icing experiments mentioned? A．To emphasize the diversity of de-icing methods. B．To explain Milwaukee’s slow adoption of cheese brine. C．To highlight the superiority of cheese brine for de-icing. D．To show Milwaukee’s long-term search for de-icing solutions. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A．Polk County’s innovation in road maintenance takes the country by storm. B．The ineffectiveness of rock salt forces Wisconsin to find new de-icing methods. C．Wisconsin’s dairy waste is transformed into an effective and green de-icing solution. D．Different de-icing materials are compared in terms of cost and environmental impact. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市十二中（川大附中·期中） Anyone with insomnia knows the impatience and frustration that accompanies sleeplessness. You long for a button that could instantly dampen all that mental activity.The idea of a mental switch is not far-fetched. Most neuroscientists now agree that our wakefulness is coordinated by a tiny bundle of neurons (一小束神经元) known as the “locus coeruleus” (LC), Latin for “blue dot”. It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain-enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area. There are slight differences in the process. Depending on the types of receptors they have, some neurons are more sensitive to smaller amounts of norepinephrine, while others only respond to higher thresholds. This means that, as the locus coeruleus activity rises, it will start to affect some brain areas more than others, which can have dramatic effects on things like our focus, concentration and creativity. Given the blue dot’s role, it makes sense that it would be quietest at night during sleep. It is not entirely silent, however, but fires occasionally-and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University of Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality of our sleeps. Across the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep, which is associated with vivid dreaming and is thought to be crucial for processing and consolidating memories. Much of our rest, however,is spent in non-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste. Measuring brain activity in dozing mice, Anita found NREM sleep was associated with temporary bursts of locus coeruleus activity every 50 seconds. As a result, the animal was more sensitive to outside stimuli, like noises-without fully waking. “It’s generating this state of enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives you this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.” The beginning of REM sleep was almost always associated with low locus coeruleus activity. “That transition to REM sleep has to be very well controlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atonia.” That’s the temporary paralysis (麻痹) of our body, which prevents us from physically acting out our dreams. Anita emphasises that her experiments were conducted in mice, so we still need to confirm that the blue dot plays a similar role in human sleep. If so, she suspects that altered locus coeruleus activity could be implicated in conditions — such as anxiety — that may contribute to disordered sleep. She found that exposing her laboratory mice to mild sources of stress — such as knocking on their cage — raised the blue dot’s activity and increased their vigilance throughout the night, resulting in fragmented sleep. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Neurons. B．Electric currents. C．Projections. D．Neurotransmitters. 2．According to the passage, what is the role of the LC? A．Producing receptors. B．Preserving cell sensitivity. C．Monitoring brain activity. D．Improving neural connectivity. 3．Which of the following may Anita Lüthi agree with? A．The blue dot fires regularly at night. B．Stress has an impact on the LC activity. C．Low LC activity can help clean cellular waste. D．Atonia results from sudden bursts of brain activity. 4．What might be the next step of the research? A．Grading the wakefulness of human brains. B．Unlocking the mechanism of sleep disorder. C．Assessing the function of the blue dot on humans. D．Identifying approaches to altering the LC activity. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题 01 人与社会 —— 历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） In a typical residential area of Hong Kong, the basketball courts at Kennedy Town Playground are surprisingly busy — not with players, but with tourists. Located on a hill, the courts provide great views of the Hong Kong skyline, making them an unexpected attraction. This trend began with a hot post on the social media platform Xiaohongshu, turning the playground into a unique spot for photo opportunities. The post gathered over 13,000 likes and 15,000 saves, illustrating the concept of “planting grass”. “Planting grass”, or zhongcao, refers to recommending products or experiences to make others interested in trying them. This phenomenon has become a key driver of tourism and commerce, creating what’s now called the “grass planting economy”, which means recommendation-based business models. By September 2023, more than 200,000 products spanning 100 industries had been discussed on Xiaohongshu, according to Xinhua. Around 51 percent of users on the platform were willing to try new brand products. Globally, platforms like Instagram have also driven recommendation-based marketing. Data analysis company Data Reportal revealed that in 2023, 62.2 percent of Instagram users followed or researched brands through the platform, highlighting its influence on purchasing behavior. In Fujian, the popularity of a folk tradition known as zanhuawei has turned Quanzhou into a vibrant cultural destination. Similarly, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, famous for its porcelain art, has become popular among young travelers due to “planting grass” posts. The charm of this model comes from how real it feels: Millions of users act as city ambassadors, sharing personal recommendations. Different from traditional tours, the trips described in these posts feature the hidden charm of the cities and build meaningful connections with local culture, boosting tourism, according to Xinhua. While “planting grass” can help the economy grow, it also carries some risks. Following trends without caution may lead to overcrowding and danger. A Polish couple who followed posts to check a viral photo spot fell off a cliff in Portugal while taking a selfie past a safety barrier several years ago. In Hong Kong, popular locations recommended on social media often attract tourists who crowd narrow sidewalks, blocking locals — particularly the elderly — from passing. 1．What is the writer’s purpose of mentioning the basketball courts in paragraph 1? A．To post a viral photo spot in Hong Kong. B．To capture the reader’s interest. C．To gather as many likes as possible. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 2．What does the underlined word “planting grass” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Highlighting a scenic spot. B．Making recommendations. C．Stimulating economic development. D．Promoting products actively. 3．How is the 4th paragraph developed? A．By listing statistics. B．By giving a definition. C．By classifying facts. D．By explaining the process. 4．Why does “planting grass” carry many risks according to this text? A．Because it can lead to some threats to safety. B．Because it lets users spread misinformation to gather likes. C．Because too many people are attracted to pursue trends blindly. D．Because popular locations are crowded with a large number of tourists. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了 “种草经济” 这一现象，即通过在社交媒体上推荐产品或体验来吸引他人尝试，进而推动旅游和商业发展。同时也指出了 “种草” 行为带来的一些风险。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第 一段 “In a typical residential area of Hong Kong, the basketball courts at Kennedy Town Playground are surprisingly busy — not with players, but with tourists. Located on a hill, the courts provide great views of the Hong Kong skyline, making them an unexpected attraction .(在香港一个典型的住宅区，坚尼地城游乐场的篮球场出奇地热闹 —— 不是因为打球的人，而是因为游客。这些球场位于一座小山上，可以欣赏到香港天际线的美景，这使它们成为了一个意想不到的景点。)”可知，第一段描述了香港坚尼地城游乐场的篮球场本应是打球的地方却因能看到香港天际线而被游客占据，接着在第二段提到这种现象源于社交媒体平台小红书上的一篇热门帖子，从而引出了 “种草” 以及 “种草经济” 的话题。所以作者提到篮球场的目的是引出本文关于 “种草经济” 的话题。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段 ““Planting gras””, or zhongcao, refers to recommending products or experiences to make others interested in trying them. (“Planting gras”，或 “种草”，指的是推荐产品或体验，让其他人有兴趣去尝试。)”可知，“planting grass” 的意思是种草，也就是 “推荐”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段 “By September 2023, more than 200,000 products spanning 100 industries had been discussed on Xiaohongshu, according to Xinhua. Around 51 percent of users on the platform were willing to try new brand products. Globally, platforms like Instagram have also driven recommendation-based marketing. Data analysis company Data Reportal revealed that in 2023, 62.2 percent of Instagram users followed or researched brands through the platform, highlighting its influence on purchasing behavior. (据新华社报道，截至 2023 年 9 月，小红书上讨论的产品超过 20 万种，涵盖 100 个行业。该平台约 51% 的用户愿意尝试新品牌产品。在全球范围内，像 Instagram 这样的平台也推动了基于推荐的营销。数据分析公司 Data Reportal 透露，2023 年，62.2% 的 Instagram 用户通过该平台关注或研究品牌，突显了它对购买行为的影响。）可知，该段通过列举在小红书上讨论的产品数量、愿意尝试新品牌产品的用户比例以及 Instagram 上相关用户的数据等，运用了列数据的方法来展开内容。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While“planting grass”can help the economy grow, it also carries some risks. Following trends without caution may lead to overcrowding and danger. A Polish couple who followed posts to check a viral photo spot fell off a cliff in Portugal while taking a selfie past a safety barrier several years ago. In Hong Kong, popular locations recommended on social media often attract tourists who crowd narrow sidewalks, blocking locals — particularly the elderly — from passing. (虽然 “种草” 可以帮助经济增长，但它也存在一些风险。不加谨慎地跟风可能会导致过度拥挤和危险。几年前，一对波兰夫妇跟随帖子去一个热门拍照地点打卡，在葡萄牙越过安全屏障自拍时从悬崖上摔了下来。在香港，社交媒体上推荐的热门地点经常吸引游客，他们挤满了狭窄的人行道，阻碍了当地人 —— 尤其是老年人 —— 通过。）可知，“种草” 存在风险是因为太多人盲目跟风追求潮流，导致了一系列问题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟·期中） With a focus on discounts and good deals, frugality (节俭) has become the new buzzword for young people, a recent study reveals. In a society that has quickly shifted from shortage to abundance, these consumers are finding a new middle ground, balancing the enjoyment of shopping with the need to save. Wu Mei, a 30-year-old lawyer in Shenzhen, Guangdong, believes that “falling in love with yellow discount labels is actually a positive change in consumer attitude. After all, just because you can afford something expensive doesn’t mean you should pay too much for it.” Lu Yu, a 24-year-old office worker from Fuzhou, agrees. She has found various ways to save, from collecting free samples at promotional events to reusing packaging. To her, frugality means appreciating the small things, like turning a milk tea cup into a pencil holder or using shopping bags for storage. While Lu’s parents’ generation may have seen frugality as a sign of hardship, these young adults see it as a smart lifestyle choice. “Our spending philosophy is save where you can, spend where you should’. The older generation might say the same, but where we choose to spend differs. I might spend on anime merchandise (动漫商品), or blind boxes,” said Lu. A survey conducted by Beijing News Shell Finance in October highlights the careful spending habits of young consumers nationwide. While they’re willing to spend more on experiences, their spending choices remain thoughtful. The survey found that 58.3 percent of respondents would cut costs if they found cheaper options. Additionally, 56.4 percent would skip certain purchases if they felt they lacked novelty or had already been experienced. “Young adults’ frugal habits, offer an interesting look into how today’s youth are changing their approach to spending, saving money without giving up essentials,” said Zhu Dì, a research fellow at the Institute of Sociology. 1．How does Lu Yu practice frugality according to the passage? A．By collecting small things like milk tea cups. B．By avoiding purchases related to entertainment. C．By collecting free samples at promotional events. D．By buying expensive anime merchandise regularly. 2．What does Lu Yu think of the trend of young people pursuing discounts? A．It’s a sign of hardship. B．It’s a positive change in consumer attitude. C．It’s a completely new spending philosophy. D．It reflects an environment-friendly lifestyle. 3．What can be inferred about young consumers from the last paragraph? A．They are under great financial pressure. B．They have limited options when shopping. C．They put the discount first instead of the quality. D．They attach importance to both needs and saving. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Young adults say no to parents’ spending habits. B．Frugality is out of date for the young consumers. C．Young adults embrace frugality as a smart lifestyle. D．Discount shopping has impacted economy positively. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了年轻人将节俭视为一种明智的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“She has found various ways to save, from collecting free samples at promotional events to reusing packaging. (她找到了各种省钱的方法，从在促销活动中收集免费样品到重复使用包装。)”可知，Lu Yu通过在促销活动中收集免费样品来践行节俭。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“While Lu’s parents’ generation may have seen frugality as a sign of hardship, these young adults see it as a smart lifestyle choice. (虽然Lu Yu父母那一代人可能认为节俭是艰苦的标志，但这些年轻人认为这是一种明智的生活方式选择。)”，且第二段中“Wu Mei, a 30-year-old lawyer in Shenzhen, Guangdong, believes that “falling in love with yellow discount labels is actually a positive change in consumer attitude. (广东深圳30岁的律师吴梅认为，“爱上黄色折扣标签实际上是消费者态度的一个积极变化。”)”和第三段“Lu Yu, a 24-year-old office worker from Fuzhou, agrees.(来自福州的24岁上班族Lu Yu对此表示赞同)”Lu Yu对吴梅观点的认同可推知，Lu Yu认为年轻人追求折扣的趋势是消费者态度的积极变化。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Young adults’ frugal habits, offer an interesting look into how today’s youth are changing their approach to spending, saving money without giving up essentials,” said Zhu Dì, a research fellow at the Institute of Sociology. (“年轻人的节俭习惯为观察当下年轻人如何改变消费方式提供了有趣视角：在不放弃必需品的前提下省钱。”社会学研究所研究员朱迪表示。)”可知，年轻消费者既重视需求又重视储蓄。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“With a focus on discounts and good deals, frugality (节俭) has become the new buzzword for young people, a recent study reveals. (最近的一项研究显示，随着对折扣和优惠的关注，节俭已经成为年轻人的新流行语。)”可知，文章主要讲述了年轻人将节俭视为一种明智的生活方式，并通过具体事例和调查数据说明这一趋势。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市·期中） People thoughtlessly make other people into social media content. If you want to explain this problem, you only draw more attention to something that shouldn’t be happening in the first place. On a regular basis, a photo or a video will be posted on some social media in which a totally ordinary person doing a totally ordinary thing is removed from all context. And if you look at the numbers on the post, you’ll find that the post has been viewed by a million people. This is a predictable result of everybody having a camera with them at all times. Who hasn’t wished they had a camera to document the amazing “small person walking huge dog” moment they enjoyed? Curiosity happens, and surprise happens. But if you are purely using someone as a curiosity, why dont’t you say, “Can I take your picture?” Deep down you know the person might not want you to. Should we walk around with our head down, ignoring the world of amusing strangeness around us? Of course not. We’re far enough into the “practically everybody has a camera” age that we know how it goes, and how we just never know when our small post will become a big deal. To preserve privacy, you can put digital stickers over somebody’s face. You can also offer descriptions in different ways instead of showing photos. Bear in mind: Standing there with your phone out taking a picture of people who are innocently eating lunch might seem strange to some people, And one of them might also have a phone. 1．What is the predictable result of easy camera access? A．People become more interested in others. B．People are more likely to enjoy amusing events. C．Amazing situations can be recorded without worry. D．Posts of ordinary people can unexpectedly become hot. 2．Why might people not ask strangers for permission before taking photos? A．They want natural shots. B．They are afraid of being refused. C．They intend to surprise strangers. D．They’re unwilling to bother strangers. 3．What does the author suggest we do to protect privacy in online photos? A．Cover faces with digital stickers. B．Ask for permission before posting. C．Post photos with rich descriptions. D．Pay no attention to what happens around. 4．What attitude does the author probably hold to taking photos of people eating in public? A．Objective. B．Unconcerned. C．Favorable. D．Disapproval. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们会轻率地把别人变成社交媒体的内容这一现象。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“On a regular basis, a photo or a video will be posted on some social media in which a totally ordinary person doing a totally ordinary thing is removed from all context. And if you look at the numbers on the post, you’ll find that the post has been viewed by a million people.(在一些社交媒体上，经常会发布一张照片或一段视频，其中一个完全普通的人在做一件完全普通的事情。如果你看一下帖子上的数字，你会发现这篇帖子已经被100万人浏览了)”可知，摄像头容易进入的可预见结果是普通人的帖子会出人意料地火起来。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But if you are purely using someone as a curiosity, why don’t you say, “Can I take your picture?” Deep down you know the person might not want you to.(但如果你纯粹是出于好奇而利用某人，你为什么不说：“我能给你拍张照吗？”在内心深处，你知道这个人可能不希望你这么做)”可知，人们在拍照前不征求陌生人的同意是因为害怕被拒绝。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To preserve privacy, you can put digital stickers over somebody’s face.(为了保护隐私，你可以把数字贴纸贴在某人的脸上)”可知，作者建议我们用数码贴纸遮住脸保护网上照片的隐私。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bear in mind: Standing there with your phone out taking a picture of people who are innocently eating lunch might seem strange to some people, And one of them might also have a phone.(记住：站在那里拿着你的手机给那些无辜吃午饭的人拍照，对一些人来说可能会很奇怪，而且其中一个可能也有手机)”可知，作者对拍摄人们在公共场合吃饭的照片持反对态度。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省巴中市·期中） Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting. The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine. Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress. Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪黑激素). Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things. 1．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1? A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem. C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction. 2．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．Escape. D．Suffer. 3．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”? A．Exposure to false news. B．Apps selection difficulty. C．Fear of being left behind. D．Pressure from social comparison. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices. C．To give instructions on starting digital detox. D．To present different attitudes to digital products. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响，并呼吁减少数字产品的使用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing.(我们大多数人的一生都生活在屏幕的包围之中，这些屏幕为我们带来了便利、联系以及海量的信息。但由于人们很容易因要不断关注每一个通知而感到压力重重，所以技术可能给人的感觉更像是一种负担而非福祉)”和第二段中“The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time.(“数字排毒” 这个短语指的是在一段时间内摆脱电视、手机、电脑和其他掌控我们生活的科技产品)”可知，作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字脱瘾”。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time.(“数字戒瘾”这个表述指的是暂时停止使用电视、手机、电脑以及其他那些掌控我们生活的科技产品)”可知，“数字脱瘾”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活。下文是关于“数字脱瘾”方法的具体介绍，由此猜测，划线词所在句子指的是有些人甚至愿意花高价去那些能让他们摆脱日常数字生活的地方度假，故划线词意思是“摆脱，脱离”的意思。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress.(或许社交媒体让人感到沮丧，是因为你会将自己与他人进行比较，或者你会担心自己会错过别人正在享受的精彩事物。持续不断的负面新闻也会带来大量的压力)”可知，一个人可能开始“数字脱瘾”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things.(完全放弃使用电子设备或许不太现实，但有计划地暂时远离科技产品可能对你的身体、思维、情绪以及人际关系都有好处。是时候选一个时间关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情了)”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市十二中（川大附中）·期中） Online literature is believed to have first gained a significant foothold in the Chinese mainland. Started domestically in the 1990s, Chinese online literature has been booming globally over the past two decades. Whether it be online releases or physical book publications, works in Mandarin only to be spontaneously translated by enthusiasts are a growing phenomenon. The establishment of online reading platforms and the setup of overseas localization and development ecosystems have led to Chinese online literature continuously expanding its global influence. It is now described as one of the world’s four major cultural phenomena, along with US Hollywood movies, Japanese animation and South Korean TV dramas. Featuring magnificent imagination, fascinating plots and compelling stories, it is drawing a growing mass of readers from all over the world. According to a report released by the ChinaWriters Association last April, Chinese online literature has captivated nearly 200 million active overseas users, 80 percent of whom are Generation Z readers — those born between the mid-1990s and early 2000s — from most countries and regions worldwide. Another report released by the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association in December revealed that in 2023, China’s online literature industry earned 4.35 billion yuan ($597 million) from international markets, up 7 percent year-on-year. “The charm of Chinese online literature is boundless. It goes beyond the limitations of traditional literature, breaking cultural barriers to resonate with readers around the world. As someone from faraway Italy, I’ ve found deep emotional connection and inspiration in these works. Themes like the pursuit of dreams and the fight for justice are universal, uniting people across cultures,” said Carlo Maria Rossi, a stage designer and multidisciplinary creative director from Rome and a big fan of the popular Chinese web novel Lord of Mysteries. Currently, Chinese online literature is crossing more boundaries and exploring a new path of going global. With a focus on “global co-creation on intellectual property”, online literature writers from different nations and regions are joining hands in fostering and developing their web novel IPs, creating a new wave of the globalization of literature while promoting cultural understanding and exchanges. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Chinese literature is popular with Generation Z readers. B．How Chinese literature influences other cultural phenomena. C．Chinese online literature rises from local origins to global waves. D．Why Chinese online literature promotes people’s cultural exchanges. 2．Which contributes to the global expansion of Chinese online literature? A．The rapid spread of Mandarin. B．The promotion of other cultural forms. C．The long history of traditional literature. D．The building of online reading platforms. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The high cost of developing Chinese online literature overseas. B．The limited growth potential of Chinese online literature in the future. C．The dominance of Chinese online literature in the international market. D．The increasing popularity and economic value of Chinese online literature. 4．What can be inferred from Carlo Maria Rossi’s words? A．Lord of Mysteries is well-received in Italy. B．Chinese online literature bridges cultural differences. C．People can find more emotional links in Italian literature. D．Italian literature has the same themes as Chinese online literature. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国网络文学在全球日益流行，解释了背后的原因以及影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Online literature is believed to have first gained a significant foothold in the Chinese mainland. Started domestically in the 1990s, Chinese online literature has been booming globally over the past two decades. Whether it be online releases or physical book publications, works in Mandarin only to be spontaneously translated by enthusiasts are a growing phenomenon.(网络文学被认为首先在中国大陆获得了重要的立足点。中国网络文学于上世纪90年代在国内兴起，在过去20年里在全球蓬勃发展。无论是在线发行还是实体图书出版，由热心人士自发翻译的中文作品越来越多)”结合文章主要说明了中国网络文学在全球日益流行，解释了背后的原因以及影响，可知这篇文章主要讲了中国网络文学从本土兴起到全球浪潮。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The establishment of online reading platforms and the setup of overseas localization and development ecosystems have led to Chinese online literature continuously expanding its global influence.(网络阅读平台的建立和海外本土化发展生态系统的构建，使得中国网络文学的全球影响力不断扩大)”可知，网络阅读平台建设促成了中国网络文学的全球扩张。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Featuring magnificent imagination, fascinating plots and compelling stories, it is drawing a growing mass of readers from all over the world. According to a report released by the ChinaWriters Association last April, Chinese online literature has captivated nearly 200 million active overseas users, 80 percent of whom are Generation Z readers — those born between the mid-1990s and early 2000s — from most countries and regions worldwide. Another report released by the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association in December revealed that in 2023, China’s online literature industry earned 4.35 billion yuan ($597 million) from international markets, up 7 percent year-on-year.(它以其丰富的想象力、引人入胜的情节和引人入胜的故事吸引着越来越多的来自世界各地的读者。根据中国作家协会去年4月发布的一份报告，中国网络文学已经吸引了近2亿活跃的海外用户，其中80%是来自全球大多数国家和地区的Z世代读者——90年代中期至21世纪初出生的人。中国音像和数字出版协会去年12月发布的另一份报告显示，2023年，中国网络文学产业从国际市场收入43.5亿元人民币（合5.97亿美元），同比增长7%)”可知，第三段说明了中国网络文学的日益普及和经济价值。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The charm of Chinese online literature is boundless. It goes beyond the limitations of traditional literature, breaking cultural barriers to resonate with readers around the world. As someone from faraway Italy, I’ve found deep emotional connection and inspiration in these works. Themes like the pursuit of dreams and the fight for justice are universal, uniting people across cultures(中国网络文学的魅力是无穷的。它超越了传统文学的局限，打破了文化障碍，引起了全世界读者的共鸣。作为一个来自遥远的意大利的人，我在这些作品中找到了深刻的情感联系和灵感。追求梦想和为正义而战等主题具有普遍性，将不同文化的人们团结在一起)”可知，Carlo Maria Rossi认为中国网络文学打破了文化障碍，引起了全世界读者的共鸣，让读者在作品中深刻的情感联系和灵感，可得出中国网络文学弥合了文化差异。故选B。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟·期中） In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the over-consumption of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”. In fact, digital detox isn’t a new concept. Brown University defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic devices. Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose an internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end. Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various benefits of going phone-free. “Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer because you’re just immersed in it,” Tara Cappel, founder of travel company FTLO Travel, told Travel + Leisure magazine. However, she acknowledged that tech-free travel hasn’t yet become popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their devices completely. That concern makes sense. In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.” Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest more realistic ways to address internet addiction. “I make sure my use of technology is purposeful,” Sina Joneidy, a senior teacher at Teesside University said when interviewed. For those who can’t completely step away from screens, using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful phone habits. “Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital detox industry as a short-term solution,” lifestyle magazine Dazed commented. 1．What can we learn about digital detox trips? A．Most travelers are willing to take one. B．They provide a long-term solution to internet addiction. C．Participants lock their devices in a box until the trip ends. D．Travelers can use their devices for emergencies during the trip. 2．What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Trapped. B．Addicted. C．Absorbed. D．Rooted. 3．What is Emily Cherkin’s attitude toward a digital detox? A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Digital Detox: A Cure for All? B．Brain Rot: The New Internet Epidemic C．Screen-Free Vacations: Helpful or Useless? D．Tech-Free Travel: An Ideal Cure for “Brain Rot” 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“数字排毒”展开，既讨论其短期益处，如沉浸式体验，也分析其局限性，如不现实性、可能引发焦虑，并提出替代方案，改善我们与科技的长期关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When such a trip begins, travelers lock their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end.(当这样的旅行开始时，旅行者把他们的设备锁在一个储物箱里，只有在结束时才能拿回来)”可知，参加者将他们的电子设备锁在一个盒子里，直到旅行结束。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Without that distraction, the experience feels so much richer(没有这些干扰，你会觉得旅行体验更加丰富)”可知，没有电子设备分散注意力，旅行体验感如此的丰富，因为你完全沉浸其中。故划线词意思是“全神贯注的，沉浸的”。故选 C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In an age when life and technology are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin told the BBC, “While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our close relationship with technology.”(在一个生活和科技比以往任何时候都更加紧密相连的时代，对大多数人来说，完全戒掉数码产品可能不太现实。“科技现在已经成为我们生活的一部分。我们在手机上使用应用程序，在手机上阅读餐厅菜单，甚至通过屏幕与健身教练一起出汗，”咨询师艾米丽·切尔金在接受BBC采访时表示，“虽然‘数字排毒’是为了减轻压力，但由于我们与科技的密切关系，关闭电子设备实际上可能会导致更多的焦虑。”)”可知，她对数字排毒持怀疑态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2024, the term “brain rot (脑腐)” gained popularity on social media as it reflected concerns about the over-consumption of low-quality online content. The widespread use of the term has highlighted the harmful effects of internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as “digital detox”.(2024年，“脑腐”一词在社交媒体上流行起来，因为它反映了人们对低质量在线内容过度消费的担忧。这个词的广泛使用凸显了网瘾的有害影响，推动了一种被称为“数字排毒”的旅行趋势)”结合文章围绕“数字排毒”展开，既讨论其短期益处，如沉浸式体验，也分析其局限性，如不现实性、可能引发焦虑，并提出替代方案，改善我们与科技的长期关系。选项A“数字排毒：万能解药？”通过疑问句暗示其并非万能，呼应文中对其局限性的讨论，最符合文章标题。故选A。 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川绵阳南山中学·期中） Apps can help any users, even those who are not students, get more organized and improve their work. Whether or not you are a student, here are some apps worth considering. Quizlet Quizlet is a study aid app. It is filled with flash cards on many subjects to study. Quizlet has links to subjects like: Arts & Literature; Languages & Vocabulary; Math & Science; History & Geography; Standardized Tests; Professional & Careers. The app has a mix of text, images and audio recordings, including pronunciation of words in different languages. Quizlet has games to play and tests to take. Cards are available on the app even when you are not connected to the Internet. Quizlet is available as a free app from Apple’s iTunes store. Free Graphing Calculator App The Free Graphing Calculator lets the user create up to four graphs at once, and lets users adjust the graphs for the best views. You can change measurements within the image easily using the app. The mathematics and science guide within the app can explain some important math or science ideas. The Free Graphing Calculator is free. Users can pay to remove the advertising. PomoDone App The PomoDone app can help divide time into blocks for work and for breaks. The app on the computer helps keep track of time blocks for each activity. The app will say when it is time to take a break and when it is time to get back to work. PomoDone can work with other apps and help the user keep track of one’s activities over long periods of time. The app is available for computers from the PomoDone website. The app is free. Paid extra features are available. 1．What’s the same feature of the three apps? A．They can be used to help users for free. B．They can be used to divide time into blocks. C．They can be used to explain some important maths. D．They can be used to study English freely. 2．What kind of work can you use Free Graphing Calculator App to do? A．Remove the advertising for free. B．Make a graph clearer. C．Keep track of time blocks. D．Study Arts & Literature. 3．Where can you get the PomoDone App? A．At Apple’s iTunes store. B．In the advertising column. C．From the PomoDone website. D．From the Free Graphing Calculator. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【分析】本文是说明文。应用程序可以帮助任何用户。文章介绍了三个值得考虑的应用程序。 1．细节理解题。根据Quizlet部分的“Quizlet is available as a free app from Apple’s iTunes store.”Free Graphing Calculator App部分的“The Free Graphing Calculator is free.”以及PomoDone App部分的“The app is free.”可知，这三个软件都是免费的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Free Graphing Calculator App部分的“The Free Graphing Calculator lets the user create up to four graphs at once, and lets users adjust the graphs for the best views. You can change measurements within the image easily using the app.( The Free Graphing Calculator允许用户一次创建多达四个图形，并允许用户调整图形以获得最佳视图。你可以使用应用程序轻松地更改图像中的测量值)”可知，这款软件可以让图表更清楚。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The app is available for computers from the PomoDone website.”可知，这款软件可以从PomoDone网站获得。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省天立集团·期中） Modern problems require modern solutions. When it comes to the lack of windows or desirable views, American company LiquidView has an interesting idea — a virtual window. Consisting primarily of a series of high-resolution (高清晰度的) digital panels and a kit to make them blend perfectly into any space, like a normal window, the virtual window also offers users access to a content library featuring beautiful locations all over the world. Accessible via a special smartphone app, the library offers an immersive (沉浸式的) experience according to your local time. “Each view is filmed by National Geographic level photographers with feature film motion picture cameras, over a 24-hour period. It records an entire day in impressive 8K videos,” the LiquidView website claims. “To add to the unpredictability (不可预知性) of looking out a window, views are improved with photo-realistic content that appears randomly throughout the day.” Each smart window comes with a handy kit, one or several high-quality 4K Sony screens (depending on the chosen model), and access to the company’s content library. In terms of pricing, it was announced that a single-panel VirtualWindow costs $25,000, while the larger, three-panel option can be bought for $100,000. “Like so many people, I have lived in homes and worked in offices with no views or terrible ones,” LiquidView CEO and filmmaker, Mitch Braff, said. “Improving people’s lives by giving anyone a beautiful view was the reason for starting LiquidView. Our windows literally transform rooms.” Sadly, LiquidView Virtual Windows won’t be able to help with space ventilation (通风), and they come with an added cost in electricity. However, for some people this could be a small price to pay for the chance to wake up to virtually any view imaginable. “I believe with the Virtual Window, LiquidView offers a pathbreaking solution that can completely transform how you experience a space,” said Noah Kaplan, founder and president of Leon Speakers. “This product has the potential to solve some of the biggest challenges that architects and designers face. Imagine being able to provide a view of anywhere in the world, in any space. It’s mind-blowing really.” 1．Where are the views in the content library from? A．They are selected from classic movies. B．They are computer-generated videos of various landscapes. C．They are recorded by photographers over a 24-hour period. D．They are live streams from real windows around the world. 2．How much do two single-panel Virtual Windows cost? A．$25,000. B．$50,000. C．$75,000. D．$100,000. 3．Why did LiquidView create Virtual Windows according to Mitch Braff? A．To encourage people to get out and travel. B．To awaken people’s interest in photography. C．To offer high-quality screens to homes and offices. D．To transform living space by providing beautiful views. 4．What might LiquidView do to improve Virtual Windows? A．Add more tools to the kit. B．Make the windows larger. C．Develop more electricity-saving panels. D．Collect more views in the content library. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了LiquidView公司通过高科技虚拟窗户解决方案，用实景拍摄影像替代传统窗户景观，虽存在能耗等局限，但为无窗空间提供了视觉改造方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Each view is filmed by National Geographic level photographers with feature film motion picture cameras, over a 24-hour period. (每一处景观都由《国家地理》级别的摄影师使用电影级摄像机，历时24小时全程拍摄完成)”可知，内容库中的景观是由摄影师历时24小时实地拍摄完成的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In terms of pricing, it was announced that a single-panel Virtual Window costs $25,000 (价格方面，官方公布单屏虚拟窗户售价为2200美元)”可知，两扇单屏虚拟窗户的价格为2000美元(=2200×2)。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Mitch Braff所说的话“Improving people’s lives by giving anyone a beautiful view was the reason for starting LiquidView. Our windows literally transform rooms. (LiquidView的创立初衷，就是希望通过为每个人提供绝美景观来改善生活品质。我们的虚拟窗确实能彻底改变房间的视觉体验)”可知，Mitch Braff创建虚拟窗户的初衷是通过美景改造生活空间。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Sadly, LiquidView Virtual Windows won’t be able to help with space ventilation (通风), and they come with an added cost in electricity. (遗憾的是，LiquidView虚拟窗户无法改善空间通风，还会增加额外的电费开支)”可知，该产品尚不能解决通风问题且耗电。因此，公司未来可能会开发更多的节电屏。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省眉山市东坡区眉山车城中学·期中） We already know that eating too much salt can lead to heart disease. But could it also affect our mind? Scientists found that a high-salt diet could cause cognitive impairments (认知损伤)in mice, and it could produce the same effect on humans. Dr Costantino ladecola, director of the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice. After about three months, the mice had a big change in their behaviour. Mice are very curious, and they like to look for new things. However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object.When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they were unable to do so. The research suggested humans would experience a similar response. Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr Iadecola said the estimated (预估的) two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term. However, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, who were given extremely high levels of salt. “But probably over years and perhaps decades－as opposed to(相反) a few months for the mice－even lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect,” Dr Iadecola said. “High levels of salt cause serious immune (免疫的) changes in the organs (器官) in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,” Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. “Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.” 1．Which can describe the tested mice? A．They remained quiet all day. B．They became smarter than ever. C．They forgot some routine things. D．They were quick at finding objects. 2．What do we know about Australians? A．They ignore health advice. B．They have a higher-salt diet. C．They dislike processed food. D．They value their brain health. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Studies carried out by Bryce Visse B．Immune changes brought about by salt. C．Effects of daily diets on human behaviour. D．Links between salt intake and brain damage. 4．What does the text suggest? A．Brain health counts much. B．The body never tells a lie. C．A low-salt diet is to be recommended. D．Heart disease can be prevented. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，高盐饮食会导致老鼠的认知障碍，对人类也会产生同样的影响。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现，研究表明，澳大利亚人每天摄入的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部分来自加工食品，指出高盐饮食会导致认知障碍，提倡低盐饮食。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object. When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so.(然而，被测试的老鼠失去了识别正常物体的能力。当老鼠被关进笼子，被要求找一个安静的地方时，它们不记得安静的地方在哪里。然后，当老鼠在筑巢时——这是老鼠每天都要做的事情——它们无法这样做了)”可推知，被测试的老鼠忘记了一些日常的事情。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr. Ladecola said the estimated (预估的) two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term.(研究表明，澳大利亚人每天摄入的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部分来自加工食品。Ladecola博士说，澳大利亚人平均每天摄入两茶匙的盐，长期来看可能会影响大脑功能)”可知，澳大利亚人的饮食含盐量高。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘High levels of salt cause serious immune(免疫的) changes in the organs(器官) in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,’ Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. ‘Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.’ (悉尼科技大学神经科学中心主任Bryce Vissel说：“高盐会导致胃内及胃周围器官的严重免疫变化，导致对大脑的一种几乎是自身免疫的影响。越来越多的证据表明，吃什么就是什么。这些变化反过来会引起身体的各种反应，久而久之肯定会导致认知障碍。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲了盐摄入和脑损伤之间的联系。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans.(科学家们发现，高盐饮食会导致老鼠的认知障碍，对人类也会产生同样的影响)”可知，文章介绍了一项关于高盐饮食与人类健康之间关系的研究，研究表明，高盐饮食会导致认知障碍。可推知，文章建议低盐饮食。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都石室中学·期中） Online marketplaces for goods and services are increasingly valuable and powerful. When it comes to their reputation systems, they typically take the form of five-star ratings. While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers. This may not be a big issue for marketplaces offering basic, mass-market products and services, but it can be a serious problem for marketplaces where it is important to allow truly great providers to differentiate themselves clearly. In their current application, five-star rating systems suffer from several shortcomings. Lacking motivations for providing truthful feedback, users who have extreme experiences (either very bad or very good) are much more likely to leave feedback than users who have average experiences, thus creating selection biases (偏见). Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional. And in some marketplaces, the difference between 4.5 stars and 4.8 stars could be massive, making it hard for users to differentiate OK suppliers from very good ones. Several options are available to offer users a more precise sense of suppliers’ relative ranking. A basic thing they could do would be to show users the average score for all suppliers in the relevant category. By seeing the whole distribution and where the supplier fits in it, the user could quickly get a sense of the overall situation. The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). Although rating systems alone can't guarantee trust and safety in online marketplaces, applying these measures can make rating systems more reliable and reduce the need for additional services. 1．What is the main problem with the five-star rating systems in online marketplaces? A．They often give wrong ratings to average experiences. B．They are unable to identify low-quality products or suppliers. C．They are not widely used in marketplaces offering basic products. D．They can’t effectively distinguish good from great products or suppliers. 2．What can be inferred from a hotel’s 4.8-star rating on an online travel site? A．Most guests had great stays. B．It offers incomparable service. C．The rating may be misleading. D．It's far better than 4-star hotels. 3．What helps users better understand suppliers’ relative ranking? A．Presenting the exceptional scores of all suppliers. B．Displaying the total number of reviews for each supplier. C．Highlighting reviews from the same user with distinct scores. D．Evaluating reviews from various users with consistent scores. 4．What can we infer about the impact of adjusting user ratings for reviewing behavior? A．It will eliminate all forms of rating bias. B．It will discourage users from leaving feedback altogether. C．It will make suppliers with consistent high ratings less visible. D．It will improve the accuracy of relative rankings among suppliers. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在线市场中的五星级评分系统存在的问题，并提出了改进建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While the systems are good enough at identifying and weeding out very low-quality products or suppliers, they do a poor job of separating good from great products or suppliers.(虽然这些系统在识别和剔除质量非常低的产品或供应商方面做得足够好，但它们在区分好的产品和供应商与超棒的产品和供应商方面做得很差。)”可知，五星级评分系统的主要问题是无法有效区分好的产品和供应商与超棒的产品和供应商。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ratings are also likely to experience “grade” inflation (贬值), so that in some marketplaces having a 4.8-star average, or 96% positive feedback, does not mean that the supplier is particularly exceptional.(评级也可能会出现“等级”贬值，所以在一些市场中，平均评级为4.8星，或96%的正面反馈，并不意味着供应商特别出色)”可推知，在线旅游网站上一家酒店的4.8星评级可能会误导人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score). (具体来说，如果一个用户的评分差异较大（与总是给出相同或相似评分的人相比），那么该用户的评论可能会被赋予更大的权重)”可知，突出来自同一用户且评分不同的评论有助于用户更好地理解供应商的相对排名。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“The second key measure advocated is to adjust user ratings for differences in reviewing behavior. Specifically, a given user’s review could be given a larger weight if there is a higher variance in the individual’s reviewer scores (in contrast to someone who always gives the same or similar score).(倡导的第二个关键措施是根据评论行为的差异调整用户评分。具体来说，如果一个用户的评论者分数有更高的方差（与总是给出相同或相似分数的人相比），那么该用户的评论可能会被赋予更大的权重。)”可知，调整用户评价对评论会提高供应商之间相对排名的准确性。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省绵阳中学实验学校·期中） Today, the widespread ability to use Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services in online retail is transforming how consumers pay for purchases. Rather than relying on traditional payment methods, consumers are increasingly using BNPL services to spread payments across interest-free installments (免息分期付款). In new research, we found that BNPL adoption led to immediate and substantial increases in spending. Consumers who adopted BNPL were more likely to purchase, with purchase probability increasing from 17% to 26%. Furthermore, when adopting consumers made purchases, their basket sizes were 10% larger on average than before the introduction of BNPL. Furthermore, the data also reveals a significant aspect of BNPL’s influence on consumer spending patterns. In subsequent tracking studies, it was observed that these increases in spending were not transitory: They lasted for close to six months, showing that BNPL drives lasting gains rather than short-term rises in consumer spending. To understand how BNPL increases spending, we conducted experiments and found that participants who paid in installments felt less financially constrained (财务受限) than those who paid in full. BNPL’s ability to divide payments into smaller amounts gives consumers a sense of better control over their budget. Smaller payments seemed more manageable, even when larger payments were delayed. Additionally, the smaller amounts made consumers feel the cost was less important, encouraging them to add more items to their purchases. At first glance, BNPL may seem like a win-win for both sellers and consumers. However, our findings suggest that sellers are most likely to see increased spending from financially constrained consumers who rely on credit cards. Given that BNPL can encourage overborrowing and lead to financial pressure, it’s important to be careful about who is offered BNPL and how much they can use. Like a tempting dessert, BNPL can seem appealing short-term but carries risks if overused, leading to a financial “sugar crash”. 1．What do we know about BNPL? A．It boosts consumer spending. B．It involves high-interest fees. C．It raises the price of products. D．It sets up a minimum purchase. 2．What does the underlined word “transitory” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Rapid. B．Fixed. C．Temporary. D．Permanent. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways of using BNPL services. B．BNPL’s influence on consumers. C．Disadvantages of paying in installments. D．A comparison of different payment methods. 4．Why does the author mention “tempting dessert” in the last paragraph? A．To urge people to stop using BNPL. B．To show the wide application of BNPL. C．To state the benefits of BNPL for sellers. D．To warn people to be cautious about BNPL. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“先买后付（BNPL）”服务展开，介绍其对消费者支出的影响、作用机制及潜在风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In new research, we found that BNPL adoption led to immediate and substantial increases in spending. (在新的研究中，我们发现BNPL的采用立即导致了支出的显著增加。)” 以及第三段中“They lasted for close to six months, showing that BNPL drives lasting gains rather than short-term rises in consumer spending.(这些支出增长持续了近6个月，表明BNPL推动了消费者支出的持续增长，而非短期增长。)”可知，BNPL会促进消费者支出。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In subsequent tracking studies, it was observed that these increases in spending were not transitory: They lasted for close to six months, showing that BNPL drives lasting gains rather than short-term rises in consumer spending.(在随后的跟踪研究中，观察到这些支出增长并非transitory：它们持续了近六个月，表明 BNPL 驱动了消费者支出的持续增长，而非短期增长。)”可知，句中not transitory与lasted for close to six months、lasting gains呼应，说明增长不是短期的，因此transitory意为“暂时的”。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“To understand how BNPL increases spending, we conducted experiments and found that participants who paid in installments felt less financially constrained (财务受限) than those who paid in full. BNPL’s ability to divide payments into smaller amounts gives consumers a sense of better control over their budget. Smaller payments seemed more manageable, even when larger payments were delayed. Additionally, the smaller amounts made consumers feel the cost was less important, encouraging them to add more items to their purchases.(为了理解 BNPL 如何增加支出，我们进行了实验，发现分期支付的参与者比全额支付的参与者感受到的财务压力更小。BNPL 能够将支付分割成更小的金额，这让消费者对自己的预算有了更好的控制感。即使大额支付被推迟，小额支付似乎也更容易管理。此外，小额支付让消费者觉得成本不那么重要，鼓励他们在购买中添加更多物品。)”可知，本段主要阐述了BNPL对消费者的影响（如减少财务约束感、促进多购物等）。故选B。 4．推理判断题。最后一段中“Like a tempting dessert, BNPL can seem appealing short-term but carries risks if overused, leading to a financial ‘sugar crash’.(就像诱人的甜点一样，先买后付短期内可能看起来很有吸引力，但如果过度使用就会带来风险，导致财务上的“糖崩溃”)”，通过“诱人的甜点”类比 BNPL，说明其虽有吸引力但过度使用有风险，目的是警告人们要谨慎使用BNPL。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——自然与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都石室中学·期中） For some people, October is Octobear. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”, took the first-place spot with 68,105 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds. Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one-day event attracted 1,700 votes. In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign. The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America’s national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska’s wilderness to fans’ computer screens. “It’s not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore,” Fitz said. Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon (三文鱼) in the world, said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai’s bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far. Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it’s because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don’t have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. “Maybe things aren’t super great all the time in the world,” said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. “But there are some really fat bears in Alaska.” 1．Why did Bear 747 become the winner of Fat Bear Week in southern Alaska? A．It gained the most pounds. B．It was the heaviest. C．It presented the best photos. D．It was the most famous. 2．Why did Mike Fitz extend Fat Bear Tuesday to a week-long event in 2015? A．To reduce the cost of managing the online voting system. B．To attract more tourists to visit Katmai National Park in person. C．To increase public engagement with the bears’ ecological importance. D．To allow bears more time to gain weight to ensure a fairer competition. 3．What can we learn about Katmai’s bears? A．They can only be observed closely during Fat Bear Week. B．Their population has increased due to protective measures. C．They have a stable food source thanks to the well-preserved river. D．They’re the main reason why tourists visit the park throughout the year. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful. B．Brown Bears; Winter Survival Is Crucial. C．Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion. D．Katmai’s Bears: A Special Beauty Contest. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举行的“胖熊周”活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On October 1, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”, took the first-place spot with 68,101 votes. It weighed around 1,400 pounds. (10月1日，阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区拉开了“胖熊周”的序幕，粉丝们根据前后对比照片，投票选出他们认为体重增加最多的那只熊。“熊747”，也被称为“熊力一号”，以68101票获得第一名。它重约1400磅)”可知，粉丝们投给他们认为体重增加最多的熊，所以Bear 747获胜是因为它体重增加得最多。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2015, it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800,000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.(2015年，它被延长为一周。去年，近80万人参与其中，使其成为一项全球运动)”和第四段“Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in.(其次，胖熊周让人们关注熊及其生活的生态系统)”可知，迈克·菲茨在2015年将胖熊周二延长为一周的活动是为了提高公众对熊的生态重要性的认识。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai’s bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.(太平洋西北部的三文鱼正遭受过度捕捞、水坝建设和气候变化导致的河流变暖的影响。幸运的是，卡特迈的熊喜欢捕鱼的布鲁克斯河到目前为止还没有受到这些威胁)”可知，卡特迈的熊有稳定的食物来源是因为河流得到了很好的保护。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. (10月5日，阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区拉开了“胖熊周”的序幕，粉丝们根据前后对比照片，投票选出他们认为体重增加最多的那只熊)”和最后一段“Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it’s because it shows a conservation success story. (胖熊周像病毒一样传播开来。粉丝和创作者说，这是因为它展示了一个环保成功的故事)”可知，文章主要介绍了阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举行的“胖熊周”活动，它以一种竞技方式让人们关注熊及它们所居住的生态系统。故A项“胖熊周：保护是快乐的”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省广安第二中学校·期中） Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web.” Far from being isolated (孤立的) individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌). These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections.” When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrate that acacia trees bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid (兰花), hack the network to steal nutrients om nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins(毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) against climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1．What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? A．Transmitting electrical signals through roots. B．Releasing a warning gas into the air. C．Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. D．Producing defensive resins in bark. 2．What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Using chemicals to kill insects. B．Fighting for sunlight through height. C．Releasing poisons to contain competitors. D．Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3．Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? A．They maintain ecosystem stability. B．They support younger trees with nutrients. C．They connect the forest’s fungal network. D．They help forests resist climate change. 4．Which title best summarizes the article’s main idea? A．Amazing Tree Growth Speed Records B．New Discoveries About Forest Animals C．Dangerous Chemicals in Forest Plants D．Underground Communication Among Trees 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。树木通过这个系统进行交流、共享资源、发送警告等，还存在一些非合作的互动情况，并且说明了母树对于维持生态系统稳定的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrate that acacia trees bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty(2023年发表在《自然·生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差)”可知，金合欢树被长颈鹿啃食时会产生乙烯气体，附近的树木能在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，从而增加鞣酸的产生。所以金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid (兰花), hack the network to steal nutrients om nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors(并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑核桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)” 可知，像黑胡桃树这样的其他物种会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手，可推理出biological warfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the internet(砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样)”可知，砍伐占主导地位的母树会使整个生态系统崩溃，就像从互联网上移除服务器一样。这表明母树对于维持生态系统的稳定起着关键作用，所以科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web.” Far from being isolated (孤立的) individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌)(在森林平静的表象之下，隐藏着一个科学家称之为‘伍德广网’的繁忙网络。树木并非孤立的个体，它们通过地下的真菌系统进行交流、共享资源，甚至发送警报)”、第三段“A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrate that acacia trees bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty(2023年发表在《自然·生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差)”、第五段“Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the internet(砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样)”以及最后一段““Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word(“森林是超级有机体，其智慧我们才刚刚开始破译。”我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行交流、共享资源等，接着具体阐述了树木之间的各种互动，包括发出警告、非合作的互动等，整篇文章围绕着树木之间的地下交流展开。D选项“Underground Communication Among Trees(树木之间的地下交流)”准确地概括了本文主题，最适合作为本文标题，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中） “A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形). ” Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱). “The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.” Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving. ” 1．What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding? A．Human hunting. B．Climate change. C．Natural enemies. D．Polluted surroundings. 2．What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2? A．Giving examples. B．Cause-effect analysis. C．Making comparison. D．Process analysis. 3．What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph? A．Animals can well adapt to changes and survive. B．Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain. C．Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia. D．All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial. 4．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text? A．Technology. B．Health care. C．Environment. D．Education. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”可知，动物变形是为了适应气候变化，即气候变化可能导致了动物的变形。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments.(几种澳大利亚鹦鹉已经展示出，自1871年以来，鸟喙尺寸平均增加了4%-10%，这与每年的夏季温度呈正相关。北美黑眼灯芯草是一种小型鸣禽，喙的增大与寒冷环境中的短期极端温度有关)”以及“Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews.(研究人员报告说，木老鼠的尾巴长度增加，鼩鼱的腿尺寸增加)”可知，本段通过举例子的方式进行说明。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.(这只是意味着它们正在适应生存，但我们不确定这些变化的其他生态后果是什么，或者说所有物种都有能力改变和生存)”可知，动物变形会带来怎样的影响，现在尚未可知。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’.(很多时候，当主流媒体讨论气候变化时，人们都在问‘人类能克服这个问题吗？’或者‘什么技术可以解决这个问题？’)”、“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting.(我们造成的气候变化给它们带来了很大的压力，一些物种试图通过变形来适应)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形，推测文章可能出自报纸的环境部分。故选C项。 主题 01 人与自我 —— 成长与挑战 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive(尺码包容)trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based plus-size girl. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also note that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US. 1．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph? A．The hot issue that is valued. B．The obvious truth that is ignored. C．The important principle that is recognized. D．The common phenomenon that is criticized. 2．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive? A．They pick sizes randomly. B．They offer limited plus sizes. C．They treat designers disrespectfully. D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes. 3．What is researchers’ attitude towards some brands? A．Appreciative. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 4．What does the last paragraph imply? A．All buyers deserve fashion that fits their figure. B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values. C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend. D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了很多品牌推出了加码衣服，却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势，而并非真正的满足客户的需要。品牌如果真的想要取得成功，就需要关心消费者的价值观。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind(直到“体型积极”和“接纳肥胖”运动宣扬了“身材肥胖的人不应被遗忘”这一理念。)”可知，在体型积极和接纳肥胖的运动提出口号之前，大尺码消费者的需求一直被忽视。“the elephant in the room”用来表示显而易见却被忽视的事情，这里指大尺码消费者的需求长期被时尚行业忽视，B选项“被忽视的明显事实”符合语境。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.(然而，如今许多设计师所做的只是挑选一个他们认为足够大、可以归入大码范畴的尺码，然后就止步不前了。这种做法甚至更不尊重人。)”可知，消费者认为时尚品牌不是真正包容的，是因为他们提供的大码服装有限。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people.(那些过去在广告中宣扬所谓完美身材的品牌，如今正试图通过增加一些尺码来跟风。感觉他们并不是真正关心大码人群。)”和“It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.(这给人的印象是，这些公司只是试图在市场上分得一杯羹，并没有真正致力于满足（大码人群所在的）群体的需求。)”可知，研究人员认为一些品牌只是为了跟风而增加一些尺码，并非真正关心大尺码消费者，只是想在市场上获得份额，对这些品牌持批评态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.(美国商学院的市场营销学教授卢多维卡・切萨雷奥表示：“消费者在意价值观，所以他们希望从那些体现他们所信奉价值观的品牌处购物。每个人都应该享有同样范围的时尚选择。”)”可推知，所有买家都应该得到适合他们身材的时尚服装。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省阆中中学校·期中） Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 1．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patters. D．They were closely connected 2．Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern. 3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400 C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．New languages will be created. B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C．Human development results in fewer languages. D．Geography determines language evolution. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。 2．猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。 4．主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。 点睛：长难句解读 In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 分析：dominant前的and连接两个并列句，all和前面的名词短语trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications是同位语。 句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都导致许多语言消失。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语言正日益占据主导地位。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省凉山州西昌市·期中） It seems you can ask artificial intelligence (AI) programs anything, and they’ll give you an answer. So, can they tell jokes? This question was raised when UK comedian Karen Hobbs performed in late June. Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs delivered jokes written by ChatGPT. The process made her nervous. Hobbs said that when she asked ChatGPT for a joke, what it provided was a man joking about being impatient with his shopping-obsessed girlfriend. Even when she asked to switch to the woman’s perspective, the joke still featured a shopping-obsessed girlfriend, just told from the first-person perspective. It’s no surprise that many jokes come from a male perspective in online materials, as males dominate the field of comedy. The BBC commented that AI storytelling can only reproduce information that already exists in some form, although it can produce some never-before-seen combinations of ideas. “One way that AI can tell jokes is to do what any 5-year-old does — repeat a successful joke they have heard or try to make an obvious variation of it,” said Les Carr, a professor of web science. Nonetheless, a good joke in real life can always adjust to the audience’s feedback, which often leads comedians to improvise (即兴创作). This, unfortunately, is beyond the current capabilities of AI. For instance, in improv, there is no space for pre-arranged plan; the comedian must rely only on their instinctive (直觉的) reaction to the audience. “A well-done stand-up bit can lead the audience through a funny story all the way to a hilarious punchline (令人捧腹的妙语),” Michael Ryan, a student researching AI’s impact on comedy, explained to the BBC． “The whole time the comedian knew exactly where he or she was going with the joke and brought the audience there.” However, this could all change. Research is already ongoing to give AI a greater understanding of the world around it, which makes the future of AI jokes still uncertain. 1．What is Hobbs’ attitude toward the ability of AI to create jokes? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 2．What can be inferred according to this text? A．Men are in control of the humor industry. B．Females are much less humorous than males. C．Many jokes come from a male perspective online. D．AI provided a joke for Hobbs from the woman’s perspective. 3．What can artificial intelligence (AI) do with jokes? A．Combine any never-before-seen idea. B．Adapt some existing jokes to a certain extent. C．Rely on its instinctive reaction to the audience. D．Improvise jokes according to the audience’s feedback. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of AI jokes. B．The current capabilities of AI. C．What’s a truly great joke? D．Can AI be genuinely funny? 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章探讨了人工智能在喜剧领域的应用，特别是AI生成笑话的能力及其局限性。文章通过Karen Hobbs的实验，展示了AI在创作笑话时的不足，并讨论了AI未来在喜剧领域的潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Instead of the usual jokes she created, Hobbs delivered jokes written by ChatGPT. The process made her nervous. (Hobbs没有像往常一样讲她自己编的笑话，而是讲了ChatGPT编写的笑话。这个过程让她很紧张。)”和第二段中“Even when she asked to switch to the woman’s perspective, the joke still featured a shopping-obsessed girlfriend, just told from the first-person perspective. (即使她要求切换到女性的视角，这个笑话仍然是一个痴迷于购物的女朋友，只是从第一人称的角度讲的。)”可知，Hobbs使用ChatGPT生成的笑话时感到紧张，且即使要求从女性视角改写，AI仍围绕刻板的“购物狂女友”展开。这表明她对AI的幽默创作能力持怀疑态度，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s no surprise that many jokes come from a male perspective in online materials, as males dominate the field of comedy .(由于男性在喜剧领域占据主导地位，网络材料中有许多笑话来自男性视角也就不足为奇了。)”可知，许多网络笑话来自男性视角，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The BBC commented that AI storytelling can only reproduce information that already exists in some form, although it can produce some never-before-seen combinations of ideas. (英国广播公司评论说，人工智能讲故事只能以某种形式再现已经存在的信息，尽管它可以产生一些从未见过的想法组合。)”可知，AI能有限度改编现有笑话，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“It seems you can ask artificial intelligence (AI) programs anything, and they’ll give you an answer. So, can they tell jokes? (似乎你可以问人工智能（AI）程序任何问题，它们都会给你答案。那么，他们会讲笑话吗？)”可知，文围绕“AI能否真正创作幽默”展开，讨论其局限与未来可能性。选项D“人工智能真的能搞笑吗？”精准概括主题，适合作标题，故选D。 主题 02 人与社会 —— 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省眉山市仁寿一中北校区·期中） For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients. Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. This could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, they can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That’ll be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types. Also, a normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages, which means only a small part of them are brand new. The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions. To test its safety, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of the blood to two healthy people, both of whom seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, they’ll be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions. The new process doesn’t indicate that normal blood transfusions will disappear. Meanwhile, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. But if it’s successful, the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types. 1．Why are the scientists carrying out the research? A．The blood reserve is not adequate. B．Normal blood transfusions are out of date. C．More and more people need blood transfusions. D．They want to find a new trail of blood transfusions. 2．What’s the advantages of the brand new red blood cells grown in the lab? A．They suit the patients of all different ages. B．They have red blood cells from different races. C．They are effective to the patients for a longer term. D．It is extremely economical and makes life much easier. 3．Which of the following statements is true? A．The research still has a long way to go. B．Normal blood transfusions will disappear soon. C．Ten people have received the lab-grown brand new blood. D．The brand new blood isn’t fit for those with rare blood types. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The test of lab-grown blood. B．Comparison of two blood transfusions. C．An appeal for rare blood donation. D．The expense of blood transfusions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一种新的给患者输血的方式，即给患者提供红细胞，这种输血方式一旦成功，将会使得经常输血的患者，即使是那些具有稀有血型的患者的生活变的轻松。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There’re several different blood types that don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems. For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells (干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells.(输血并不像从一个人身上取血给另一个人那么简单。有几种不同的血型并不能很好地混合在一起。如果有人输错了血，他们的身体就会排斥血细胞，造成问题。英国布里斯托尔大学的科学家们首次进行了一项新的试验:测试在实验室里培养的人类志愿者的红细胞。科学家们利用血液样本中的干细胞培育出数十亿个全新的红细胞)”可知，输血并不像想象的那么简单，且不同血型不能很好的混合，输错了血可能造成问题。由此推知，科学家进行实验的目的是找到一种新的输血方式——红细胞输血，以避免这些问题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The red blood cells grown in the lab are brand new, and this means they last longer and that patients will need fewer transfusions.(在实验室中生长的红细胞是全新的，这意味着它们的持续时间更长，患者需要的输血更少)”可知，在实验室中的红细胞的优势是它们是全新的，因此对患者有效的时间更长。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“And a lot of work and testing still need to be done. (还有很多工作和测试需要完成)”可知，该研究还有很长的路要走。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These transfusions usually include giving red blood cells to patients.(多年来，医生一直为需要血液生存的患者提供血液。这些输血通常包括给患者提供红细胞)”以及第二段中的“For the first time ever, scientists from the University of Bristol, Britain, are carrying out a new trail: testing red blood cells grown in a laboratory on human volunteers. The scientists have used stem cells(干细胞) from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. (英国布里斯托大学的科学家有史以来第一次在人类志愿者身上测试实验室中生长的红细胞。科学家们使用来自血液样本的干细胞来培养数十亿个全新的红细胞)”可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家在实验室研发的一种红细胞输血方式。由此可知，The test of lab-grown blood.(实验室培育的血液测试)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都外国语学校·期中） On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future. Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission.   Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.” Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster. The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface. 1．What is the purpose of the DART mission? A．To destroy Dimorphos completely. B．To change the orbit of Dimorphos. C．To track potentially dangerous asteroids. D．To prevent Dimorphos from hitting the Earth. 2．How can we describe the test according to Andrea Riley? A．Better late than never. B．Rob Peter to pay Paul. C．Prepare for a rainy day. D．Bark up the wrong tree. 3．Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4? A．To prove the significance of DART’s success. B．To present the effect of the largest extinction events on humans. C．To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes. D．To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters. 4．What is LICIACube intended for? A．Recording the crash test with photos. B．Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface. C．Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft. D．Increasing the force of crashing the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国国家航天局完成了让太空飞船撞击小行星的测试，成功使小行星偏转，这是世界上首次进行行星防御试验。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit.(目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimorphos的轨道。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,’ said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. ‘This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.’(‘如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。’美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。‘这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。’)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御作准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history.(例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6到9英里的小行星在现在的尤卡坦半岛撞击了地球。由此产生的撞击是灾难性的，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一)”举例说明小行星撞击地球造成的灾难性的后果，结合本段最后两句“Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.(因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害)”可知，本段提及小行星撞击地球造成灾难性后果的事例，是为了表明DART成功的重要意义，这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.(LICIACube留在小行星周围的轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二下·四川省宜宾市叙州区东辰学校·期中） As robotics technology advances at an unprecedented pace, society faces complex ethical challenges that demand careful consideration. Humanoid robots like Sophia, equipped with artificial intelligence, are blurring the line between machines and living beings, raising profound questions about robot rights and responsibilities. Current developments in emotional AI enable robots to simulate human-like responses. For instance, care robots in Japan can detect and respond to elderly patients’ emotional states. While this technology improves quality of life for many, it also creates dependency issues. Studies show some seniors develop emotional attachments to their robotic caregivers, potentially isolating them from human contact. The workplace presents another ethical minefield. Amazon’s warehouse robots have increased efficiency by 300%, but at what cost? Injury rates in automated warehouses remain high as humans struggle to keep up with machine-paced work. The European Union is now debating “robot taxes” to fund retraining programs for displaced workers, highlighting the socioeconomic impacts of automation. Perhaps most controversially, military applications of robotics pose existential threats. Autonomous drones with facial recognition can now identify and eliminate targets without human intervention. Over 50 countries are developing lethal autonomous weapons systems, despite warnings from AI experts about the potential for catastrophic errors. As we stand at this technological crossroads, the fundamental question remains: Just because we can build these machines, should we? The answer may determine what kind of future we create. 1．What is the mam ethical concern regarding care robots mentioned in the passage? A．Their high maintenance costs B．Their potential to cause emotional dependency C．Their inability to understand human emotions D．Their replacement of all human caregivers 2．According to the passage, what is one consequence of warehouse automation? A．Decreased productivity B．Higher worker injury rates C．Reduced need for skilled labor D．Improved worker satisfaction 3．What does the term “robot taxes” refer to in the context of the article? A．Fees charged for robot maintenance B．Government levies to support displaced workers C．Penalties for unsafe robot use D．Import duties on foreign-made robots 4．Which statement best reflects the author’s perspective on military robotics? A．They are necessary for national security B．Their development should be encouraged C．They pose significant dangers D．Their benefits outweigh the risks 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着机器人技术的飞速发展，社会面临着复杂的伦理挑战，包括机器人权利与责任、情感AI带来的依赖问题、仓库自动化带来的社会影响以及军事机器人的潜在威胁。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“While this technology improves quality of life for many, it also creates dependency issues. Studies show some seniors develop emotional attachments to their robotic caregivers, potentially isolating them from human contact.(虽然这项技术提高了许多人的生活质量，但也带来了依赖问题。研究表明，一些老年人对他们的机器人护理人员产生了情感依赖，这可能会使他们与人类接触隔绝。)”可知，文中提到的关于护理机器人的主要伦理担忧是它们可能导致情感依赖。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Injury rates in automated warehouses remain high as humans struggle to keep up with machine-paced work.(由于人类难以跟上机器的工作节奏，自动化仓库的工伤率仍然很高。)”可知，仓库自动化的一个后果是工人受伤率上升。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“to fund retraining programs for displaced workers, highlighting the socioeconomic impacts of automation(来用于为失业工人的再培训项目提供资金，这凸显了自动化对社会经济的影响。)”可知，“robot taxes”指的是政府为支持失业工人而征收的税。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Autonomous drones with facial recognition can now identify and eliminate targets without human intervention. Over 50 countries are developing lethal autonomous weapons systems, despite warnings from AI experts about the potential for catastrophic errors.(具有面部识别功能的自主无人机现在可以在没有人类干预的情况下识别并消灭目标。尽管人工智能专家警告称可能出现灾难性错误，但仍有50多个国家正在开发致命的自主武器系统。)”可知，作者认为军事机器人构成了重大危险。故选C。 Passage4 （24-25学年高二下·四川省德阳市绵竹中学·期中） In an age where smartphones govern daily routines, researchers are uncovering subtle cognitive trade-offs (权衡) associated with over-reliance on digital tools. A 2023 Cambridge University study tracking 1, 200 participants revealed that habitual users of navigation apps showed 23% weaker spatial memory compared to traditional map readers. Functional MRI (磁共振成像) scans demonstrated reduced hippocampal (海马体的) activity in GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes, while traditional navigators exhibited stronger neural connections in memory-related regions. The cognitive impact extends beyond navigation. Language learners using apps with automated translation features scored 15% lower in spontaneous sentence construction tests than textbook-based peers, according to a Tokyo University experiment. Dr. Eleanor Richards, a cognitive scientist at Oxford, explains: “Our brains adapt to technological shortcuts by weakening underused neural pathways—like muscles atrophy (萎缩) without exercise.” This awareness has sparked counter-movements in both education and corporate sectors. Germany’s TechSphere GmbH, a software development company, implemented “Analog Fridays” in 2022, requiring employees to use paper notebooks and physical whiteboards every Friday. Post-implementation surveys showed a 19% increase in meeting participation and 27% reduction in self-reported mental fatigue. “We’re not anti-technology,” clarifies CEO Markus Weber, “but strategic separation helps reclaim cognitive bandwidth (认知带宽).” Similar policies have been adopted by 12% of Silicon Valley startups as per 2023 industry reports. Educational reforms mirror this shift. The University of Amsterdam now mandates (授权) handwritten lecture notes for first-year students, resulting in 14% higher exam scores compared to laptop users. Stationery manufacturer Moleskine reported 40% growth in planner sales since 2021, with 35% purchased by tech professionals seeking screen-free productivity methods. Neuroscientists propose balanced solutions. Dr. Richards advocates “cognitive zoning (认知分区)”: using digital tools for data storage while reserving analog methods for critical thinking tasks. As AI integration accelerates, the challenge lies not in rejecting technology, but in designing hybrid systems that preserve essential human cognitive capacities. 1．What did the Cambridge study find about GPS users? A．Decreased hippocampal activity. B．Enhanced memory retention by 23%. C．Improved route planning speed. D．Stronger neural connections. 2．What policy did TechSphere GmbH apply? A．Programs for weekly digital training. B．Required weekly paper tools use. C．Smartphones banned in meetings. D．Screen time extended for allowances. 3．What does “cognitive zoning” recommend? A．Restricting digital tools to protect human cognitive capacities. B．Prioritizing data storage efficiency. C．Distinguishing task types for digital or analog processing. D．Increasing AI integration speed. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital tools? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Unfavorable. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是过度依赖数字工具对人类认知能力的影响，以及如何通过平衡使用数字与传统工具来保护大脑功能。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Functional MRI scans demonstrated reduced hippocampal activity in GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes, while traditional navigators exhibited stronger neural connections in memory-related regions.(功能性磁共振成像显示，依赖GPS的人在回忆路线时海马体活动减少，而传统导航者在记忆相关区域表现出更强的神经连接。)”可知，剑桥大学的研究发现，GPS用户的海马体活动减少。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Germany’s TechSphere GmbH, a software development company, implemented “Analog Fridays” in 2022, requiring employees to use paper notebooks and physical whiteboards every Friday. (德国软件开发公司TechSphere GmbH在2022年实施了“模拟星期五”政策，要求员工每周五使用纸质笔记本和实体白板。)”可知，TechSphere GmbH实施了“模拟星期五”政策，要求员工每周五使用纸质工具。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Neuroscientists propose balanced solutions. Dr. Richards advocates “cognitive zoning (认知分区)”: using digital tools for data storage while reserving analog methods for critical thinking tasks. (神经科学家提出了平衡的解决方案。理查兹博士提倡“认知分区”：使用数字工具进行数据存储，同时保留模拟方法用于批判性思维任务。)”可知，“认知分区”建议区分任务类型进行数字或模拟处理。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是尾段中的“As AI integration accelerates, the challenge lies not in rejecting technology, but in designing hybrid systems that preserve essential human cognitive capacities.(随着人工智能整合的加速，挑战不在于拒绝技术，而在于设计能够保留人类核心认知能力的混合系统。)”可知，作者并未完全否定数字工具，而是强调需要设计混合系统来保护人类的认知能力，表明其态度是客观的。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二下·四川省成都市成华区成都列五中学·期中） Explaining the science behind memory and memory loss, as well as strategies that help people remember better is the subject of a new book co-authored by Professor and Chair of Psychology and Neuroscience Elizabeth A．Kensinger. In Why We Forget and How to Remember Better: The Science Behind Memory, Kensinger and Boston University Professor of Neurology Andrew E. Budson examine how memories exist in the short term and how they get stored for longer-term access. The book explains how memory influences our behavior without our awareness, underlining the fact that what and how we remember influences everything from our social relationships to the decisions we make on a daily basis. “When most of us talk about our memory, we are referring to our ability to bring specific past events to mind,” said Kensinger. “But memory is so much more than that, including all the ways our past experiences influence our current thoughts and behavior. Memory can be thought of as a powerful source of data that the brain can use to make sense of the present moment and to make predictions about the future.” Memory is an active and cyclical process, Kensinger said, similar to building a structure out of blocks. “As you experience an event, you’re representing different features of the event in different regions of the brain; one portion of your brain is representing the sounds, another the sights, another the emotions,” she said. “A particular region of your brain, the hippocampus, is serving as the tape that binds those blocks together, and that stores the blueprints for how to later rebuild that memory structure.” Kensinger and Budson discuss memory as a cycle because, as individuals rebuild a memory, they’re likely to update it with current information—such as, has a friend changed their appearance by growing a beard, or cutting their hair? Once updated or modified, these revised blueprints are stored again. “In this way, memory is a continually changing representation; it is not a static representation of the past,” said Kensinger. 1．What did Kensinger think of our understanding of memory? A．Accurate. B．One-sided. C．Very ambiguous. D．Completely wrong. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Why we forget things. B．How we remember things. C．The importance of memory. D．The function of hippocampus. 3．What does the underlined word “static” in the last paragraph mean? A．Casual. B．Temporary. C．Not working or reflecting. D．Not moving or developing. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To discuss a theory. B．To provide a solution. C．To introduce a book. D．To analyze a phenomenon. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Elizabeth A. Kensinger和Andrew E. Budson合著的新书《我们为何遗忘以及如何更好地记忆：记忆背后的科学》的内容，详细阐述了记忆的科学原理、记忆如何影响我们的行为，以及如何通过特定策略来改善记忆力。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““When most of us talk about our memory, we are referring to our ability to bring specific past events to mind,” said Kensinger. “But memory is so much more than that, including all the ways our past experiences influence our current thoughts and behavior. Memory can be thought of as a powerful source of data that the brain can use to make sense of the present moment and to make predictions about the future.”(“当我们大多数人谈论记忆时，我们指的是将特定过去事件回忆起来的能力，”Kensinger说，“但记忆远不止于此，它包括我们过去的经历影响当前思想和行为的所有方式。记忆可以被视为大脑的强大数据来源，用于理解当下时刻并预测未来。”)”可知，人们通常认为记忆仅是回忆特定过去事件的能力，但是Kensinger指出记忆远不止于此，还包括过去经历对当前思想和行为的影响。这表明大众对记忆的理解片面，未涵盖其全部内涵。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Memory is an active and cyclical process, Kensinger said, similar to building a structure out of blocks. “As you experience an event, you’re representing different features of the event in different regions of the brain; one portion of your brain is representing the sounds, another the sights, another the emotions,” she said. “A particular region of your brain, the hippocampus, is serving as the tape that binds those blocks together, and that stores the blueprints for how to later rebuild that memory structure.”(Kensinger指出，记忆是一个主动的循环过程，类似于用积木搭建结构。“当你经历一个事件时，你会在大脑的不同区域记录该事件的不同特征；大脑的一部分记录声音，另一部分记录视觉，还有一部分记录情感，”她说，“大脑的一个特定区域——海马体，就像胶带一样将这些‘积木’粘合在一起，并储存后来重建该记忆结构的‘蓝图’。”)”可知，第四段以“记忆是主动的循环过程”为核心，通过积木搭建的比喻，详细描述了记忆形成的机制：大脑不同区域记录事件的声音、视觉、情感等特征，海马体则将这些特征“粘合”并储存为“蓝图”。整段围绕记忆的形成过程展开。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词所在句““In this way, memory is a continually changing representation; it is not a static representation of the past,” said Kensinger.(“从这个意义上说，记忆是一种不断变化的表征，而非对过去的static记录，”Kensinger说)”可推测，“static”与“continually changing”形成对比，强调记忆并非“静止不变的”，而是不断更新的。选项D“Not moving or developing.(不移动的或不发展的)”符合“changing”的反义逻辑，即“静态的、不变的”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕Elizabeth A. Kensinger和Andrew E. Budson合著的新书展开，首段点明书籍主题，中间段落介绍书中对记忆机制的研究和观点，末段引用作者论述说明记忆的循环特性。核心是介绍这本书的内容和理论。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——自然与生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳南山中学实验学校·期中） The intelligence of crows (乌鸦) continues to surprise scientists. According to a research published this week in Science, crows can indeed count. The results show that crows have counting capacities near those of human babies, says lead study author Diana Liao, a researcher at the University of Tübingen in Germany. “We think this is the first time this has been shown for any animal species,” she adds. Crows do not appear to be capable of symbolic $