Unit 4语法精讲精练2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级、大数的表达与读法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、形容词与副词的比较级 定义：两者(人或事物)之间的比较。 (1)I’m taller than my sister.我比我妹妹高。 (tall是形容词，taller是它的比较级) (2)He works harder than me.他比我更努力工 作。(hard是副词， harder是它的比较级) (一)变化规则 1.单音节词和部分双音节词 (1)一般在词尾加-er。 high →higher更高的 tall→taller更高的 short→shorter更矮的；更短的 long→ longer更长的 small→smaller更小的 strong→stronger更强壮的 weak →weaker更弱的 new →newer更新的 clean→cleaner更干净的 warm →warmer更温暖的 cold→colder更冷的 cool→cooler更凉爽的 quiet→quieter更安静的 smart→smarter更聪明的 young →younger更年轻的 old→older更旧的；更老的 thick→thicker更厚的 cheap→cheaper更便宜的 slow → slower更慢的 fast→faster更快的；更快地 hard→harder更努力地 (2)以不发音字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r。 fine→finer更好的 nice→nicer更好的 late→later更迟的 large→larger更大的 wide →wider更宽的 safe→safer更安全的 (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y改i,再 加-er。 easy→easier更容易的 funny→funnier更有趣的 early→earlier更早的 heavy→heavier更重的 busy →busier更忙的 lazy→lazier更懒的 friendly→friendlier更友好的 pretty→prettier更漂亮的 happy→happier更高兴的 lucky→ luckier更幸运的 healthy→healthier更健康的 angry→angrier更生气的 tiny→tinier更小的 (4)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-er。 big→bigger更大的 thin→thinner更瘦的 fat→fatter更胖的 slim→slimmer更苗条的 hot→hotter更热的 wet →wetter更湿的 2.多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more。 beautiful→more beautiful更漂亮的 interesting→more interesting更有趣的 comfortable→more comfortable更舒服的 comfortably→more comfortably更舒服地 careful→more careful更仔细的 carefully→more carefully更仔细地 popular→more popular更受欢迎的 hard-working→more hard-working更勤奋的 slowly→more slowly更慢地 3.不规则变化 good→better更好的 well→better更好地 bad →worse更差的 badly →worse更差地 many → more更多的 much →more更多的 little→less更少的 far→farther(距离)/further(程度) (二)比较级的主要结构 1.A+动词+比较级+than+B A 比 B 更 … … He is taller than his father.他比他的父亲高。 He runs faster than his father. 他比他的父亲跑得快。 2.主语+动词+比较级+than+any other+n. (单) Jack is taller than any other student in Class Seven.杰克比7班任何一个其他的学生都要高。 Jack studies harder than any other student in Class Seven.杰克学习比7班任何一个其他的学 生更努力。 3.主语+动词+比较级+than+the other+n. (复) Jack is taller than the other students in Class Seven.杰克比7班的其他学生都要高。 Jack studies harder than the other students in Class Seven.杰克学习比7班的其他学生更努力。 4 .Who/Which+动词+比较级， Aor B?A和 B哪个更 … … (人用who,物用which) Who is taller,Mary or Lucy? 玛丽和露西谁更高? Who runs faster,Mary or Lucy? 玛丽和露西谁跑得更快? Which is more beautiful,my picture or his picture?我的画和他的画哪一张更漂亮? 5.主语+be+the+比较级+of the two+名词 两 者中较…的人/物 Jenny is the taller of the two children in our family.珍妮是我们家两个孩子中较高的那个。 6.比较级+and+比较级(多音节词和部分双 音节词用more and more+形容词原级) It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气变得越来越热。 You are more and more beautiful. 你越来越漂亮了。 7.the+比较级…,the+比较级.越…,越… The more factories there are,the more pollution there will be.工厂越多，污染越多。 The more you take exercise,the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多，你就会越健康。 (原句：You take more exercise and you will be healthier.) 8.修饰比较级的词有a little/a bit(一点儿),a lot/much( … 得多);even(甚至),still(仍 然),far(远远地),rather(相当，有点儿),any( 一 点也不，丝毫)等词。 She is much taller than me.她比我高得多。 I feel even worse now.现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。 He runs rather faster than his brother. 他跑得比他哥哥快得多 。 (三)特别注意 1.同类事物才能进行比较。为了避免重复，可用 one,that,those代替前面出现过的名词，用 do代替前面出现过的动词。 常见错误：Her hair is longer than me. (不是头发和人比) 正确写法：Her hair is longer than mine. (mine =my hair)(是头发和头发比) The price of meat is higher than that of rice. 肉的价格比大米的价格高。 (that代替了price) He runs as fast as I do. 他跑得跟我一样快。(do代替了run) 2.表示“倍数”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”、 倍数as+原级+as、倍数+the+性质名词+of… The box is five times bigger than that one. The box is five times as big as that one. The box is five times the size of that one. 这个盒子是那个盒子的五倍那么大。 The building is five times higher than that one.这座建筑比那座高五倍。 3.数量+名词+比较级+than,表示差数。 The building is five meters higher than that one. 这座建筑比那座高五米。 4.比较级表最高级。 Jack is the tallest student in Class Seven. 杰克是7班最高的学生。 Jack is taller than any other student in Class Seven.杰克比7班的其他任何一个学生都高。 Jack is taller than the other students in Class Seven.杰克比7班的其他学生都高。 Jack is taller than anyone else in Class Seven 杰克比7班其他任何人都高。 No one is as tall as Jack in Class Seven. 在7班没有人和杰克一样高。 No one is taller than Jack in Class Seven. 在7班没有人比杰克高。 5.as+adj/adv.原级+as和…一样… not so/as+adj/adv.原级+as …不如 … He is as old as me.他和我一样大。 He is not as old as me.他不如我大。 6.表示“A不如B”,部分双音节词和多音节 副词可用“less+副词原级+than”。 Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim 比尔做家庭作业没有吉姆认真。 Screen City is the best theater in town. Screen City是镇上最好的剧院。 Tom runs fastest in his class. 汤姆在他们班跑得最快。 7.“否定+比较级”相当于最高级。 Nothing is more important than life. 没有什么东西比生命更重要。 8.any与any other的用法区别 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时，要用any other+单数名词； 若两者不属于同一范围/类别，直接用any+单数 名词。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。(中国在亚洲， 与非洲其它国家相比，不属于同一范围) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其它国家都大。(中国是亚洲国家中 的一员，属于同一范围) He is taller than any girl.他比任何一个女孩都高。 (他与女孩比，但他跟女孩不是一个类别) He is taller than any other boy.他比其他男孩都高。 (他是男孩，跟男孩比，是同类别的) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二 、 形容词与副词的最高级 定 义 ：三者及三者以上(人或事物)之间的比较。 1.规则变化 （1）young→youngest最年轻的old→oldest最旧的；最老的thick→thickest最厚的cheap→cheapest最便宜的 slow→slowest最慢的fast→fastest最快的；最快地hard→hardest最努力地 (2)以不发音字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-st。 fine→finest最好的nice→nicest最好的late→latest最迟的large→largest最大的 wide→widest最宽的safe→safest最安全的 ( 3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y改i,再 加-est easy→easiest最容易的funny→funniest最有趣的early→earliest最早的；最早地 heavy→heaviest最重的busy→busiest最忙的lazy→laziest最懒的friendly→friendliest最友好的 pretty→prettiest最漂亮的 happy→happiest最高兴的lucky→luckiest最幸运的 healthy→healthiest最健康的angry→angriest最生气的tiny→tiniest最小的 (4)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-est。 big→biggest最大的thin→thinnest最瘦的fat→fattest最胖的 red-reddest最红的 fit-fittest最适合的 mad-maddest最疯狂的slim→slimmest最苗条的hot→hottest最热的 wet→wettest最湿的 2.多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加most。 beautiful→most beautiful最漂亮的 interesting→most interesting最有趣的 comfortable→most comfortable最舒服的 comfortably→most comfortably最舒服地 careful→most careful最仔细的 carefully→most carefully最仔细地 popular→most popular最受欢迎的 hard-working→most hard-working最勤奋的 slowly→most slowly最慢地 3.不规则变化 good→best最好的 well→best最好地 bad→worst最差的 badly→worst最差地 many→most最多的 much→most最多的little→least最少的 far→farthest(距离)/furthest(程度) (二)主要结构 1.主语+谓语the+最高级+of/in/among+比较 的范围 …中最 注：一定区域/空间内比较用in,同一类事物比 较用of。 2.主语+be+one of+the+最高级+n复 最…之一 (注意：v.单) China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。 This is one of the most famous paintings in the world.这是世界上最著名的画之一。 3.Which/Who +谓语+the +最高级， A,B or C? Who runs fastest,Lily,Lucy or Jane? 谁跑得最快，露西，莉莉还是简? Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing, Hangzhou or Guangzhou? 哪座城市最漂亮，北京、杭州还是广州? (三)特别注意 1.最高级前可加序数词，the+序数词+最高级+ 可数名词单数 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。 2.最高级前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、 名词所有格修饰时不用the。 He is my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。 The dog is Lucy's best friend. 这只狗是露西最好的朋友。 三、大数字 1000以上的基数词：从右至左数，每三位数加一 个逗号，以此把数目分为若干段。从右至左数 的第一个逗号前的数的单位为thousand(千),第 二个逗号前的数的单位为million(百万),第三 个逗号前的数的单位为billion(十亿)。 6,743 six thousand,seven hundred and forty-three 35,258 thirty-five thousand,two hundred and She is the smartest of the three. 在三个中，她是最聪明的。 Lucy jumps highest of the three. 在三个中，露西跳得最高。 I am the tallest student in my class. 在我们班，我是最高的。 The picture is the most beautiful among these. 在这些图画中，这一张是最漂亮的。 表达与读法 fifty-eight 50,243,650 fifty million,two hundred and forty-three thousand,six hundred and fifty 注意：(1)英语中没有“万”这个单位，一万：ten thousand 十万：one hundred thousand (2) hundred后通常加连词and。若读数中百位 数为0,则在thousand后加and。 Unit 4 THE WONDERS OF NATURE形容词与副词的比较级练习 ( )1.The Nile is than the Yangtze River. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest ( )2.Mount Qomolangma is than any other mountain in the world. A.highest B.the highest C.high D.higher ( )3.The Sahara Desert is than the Gobi Desert. A.hottest B.hotter C.hot D.the hottest ( )4.Pandas are than most other animals. A.cute B.cuter C.cutest D.the cutest ( )5.Whales are than elephants. A.heavy B.heavier C.heaviest D.the heaviest ( )6.The Caspian Sea is than the Black Sea. A.larger B.large C.largest D.the largest ( )7.This book is than that one. A.interesting B.the most interesting C.most interesting D.more interesting ( )8.She runs than her brother. A.faster B.fast C.fastest D.the fastest ( )9.The weather today is than yesterday. A.cold B.colder C.coldest D.the coldest ( )10.He works than anyone else in his class. A.hardest B.the hardest C.harder D.hard 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(每题4分，共20分) 1.The box is (big)than that one. 2.This question is (easy)than the last one. 3.The movie is (funny)than I expected. 4.She is (friendly)than her sister. 5.The cake tastes (good)than the bread. 三、句型转换，把以下句子改为同义句。 (每题5分，共25分) 1.That park is the most popular one in the area. That park is than park in the area. 2.The Nile is longer than the Yangtze River.→The Yangtze River is the Nile. 3.This is the most exciting story I've heard. I've heard a exciting story than this one. 4.Whales are heavier than elephants. →Elephants are whales. 5.He speaks more clearly than his brother.→His brother he does. 四、翻译题(每题5分，共25分) 1. 这座山比任何其他山都要高。This mountain is mountain. 2.你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。 The you practice,the your English will become. 3.冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气更冷。 The weather in Beijing is in Guangzhou in winter. 4. 我们昨天看的电影比上周看的更有趣。 The movie we watched yesterday was the one we watched last week. 5. 这座公园越来越漂亮了。 This park is becoming Unit 4 THE WONDERS OF NATURE形容词与副词的最高级练习 一、单项选择题(每题3分，共30分) ( )1.This is book I have ever read. A.the more interesting B.the most interesting C.more interesting D.most interesting ( )2.Of all the students,Tom jumps · A.higher B.highest C.tall D.tallest ( )3.Who is in your class,Tom,Jim or Jack? A.the tallest B.tallest C.taller D.the taller ( )4.The Changjiang River is river in China. A.the longer B.longest C.the longest D.longer ( )5.This is one of cities in the world. A.the most beautiful B.most beautiful C.more beautiful D.the more beautiful ( )6.Which subject do you like ,English,math or Chinese? A.good B.better C.well D.best ( )7.He is boy in his class. A.the second tallest B.second tallest C.the second tall D.second tall ( )8.Our school is one of in the city. A.biggest B.the biggest C.the bigger D.bigger ( )9.The movie is one I have seen this year. A.the funniest B.funniest C.the funnier D.funnier ( )10.Of all the fruits,I like apples A.good B.better C.well D.best 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(每题4分，共40分) 1.This is the (big)apple I have ever seen. 2.Of all the girls,she dances (well). 3.He is one of the (popular)students in our school. 4.Which is the (good)season in your hometown? 5.Which city is the (far)from here,Beijing,Shanghai or Guangzhou? 6.This book is (interesting)than that one,but it's not the (interesting)one of all. 7.Who is the (tall)boy in your class? 8.He is (bad)at math than me,but he is not the (bad)in our class. 9.The city is one of the (clean)cities in the world. 10.She is (hard-working)than her sister,and she is the (hard-working)in her family. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子(每题6分，共30分) 1. 他是我们学校最聪明的学生之一。 He is one of students in our school. 2. 这本书是这三本中最有趣的。 This book is of the three. 3. 黄河是中国第二长河。The Yellow River is river in China. 4. 她比班上其他任何一个女孩都高。 She is than girl in her class. 5. 这是我听过的最动听的歌曲。This is song I have ever heard. Unit 4 THE WONDERS OF NATURE大数字练习 一、单项选择题(每题4分，共40分) ( )1.6,743的正确读法是： A.six thousand,seven hundred forty-three B.six thousand,seven hundred and forty-three C.six thousand and seven hundred forty-three D.six thousand,seven hundred forty three ( )2.35,258的正确读法是： A.thirty-five thousand,two hundred fifty-eight B.thirty-five thousand,two hundred and fifty-eight C.thirty-five thousand and two hundred fifty-eight D.thirty-five thousand,two hundred fifty eight ( )3.50,243,650的正确读法是： A.fifty million,two hundred forty-three thousand,six hundred fifty B.fifty million,two hundred and forty-three thousand,six hundred and fifty C.fifty million,two hundred forty-three thousand,six hundred and fifty D.fifty million,two hundred and forty-three thousand,six hundred fifty ( )4.7,000的正确读法是： A.seven thousand B.seven thousand and C.seven thousand,zero D.seven thousand,zero hundred ( )5.12,305的正确读法是： A.twelve thousand,three hundred five B.twelve thousand,three hundred and zero five C.twelve thousand and three hundred five D.twelve thousand,three hundred and five ( )6.1,001的正确读法是： A.one thousand one B.one thousand and one C.one thousands and one D.a thousand one ( )7. 在英语中，“一万”的正确表达是： A.one thousand B.ten thousand C.one hundred thousand D.one million ( )8. 在英语中，“十万”的正确表达是： A.one thousand B.ten thousand C.one hundred thousand D.one million ( )9. 在英语中，百位和十位非零时，百位与十位之间通常需要加： A.a B.an C.and D.or ( )10. 若读数中百位数为0,则在 thousand 后需要加： A.a B.an C.and D.or 二、填空题(每题4分，共60分) 1.1,000的读法是： 2.10,000的读法是： 3.100,000的读法是： 4.1,000,000的读法是： 5.8,642的读法是： 6.25,007的读法是： 7.120,704的读法是： 8.1,250,300的读法是： 9. 在英语中，“百万”的单位是： 10. 在英语中，“十亿”的单位是： 11.five thousand的数字形式： 12.one hundred thousand的数字形式： 13.three million的数字形式是： 14.seven billion的数字形式是： 15.two million,three hundred thousand,four hundred and fifty的数字形式： $