Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1. Identify and understand the usage of past participles as attributives and object complements in the texts of this unit; 2. Master effective learning strategies for grammar learning, such as summarizing grammar rules independently, comparing and contrasting different forms; 3. Use these structures in sentences to express themselves in both oral and written communication, improving their language accuracy and fluency. The remarkable performance of the Chinese table tennis team made everyone ________(excite). excited Lead-in Ma Long________(know) as the “Hexagon Warrior” is undoubtedly a ________(talent) and ____________(experience) athlete. known talented experienced Look at the past participles underlined, and discuss their functions. The remarkable performance of the Chinese table tennis team made everyone excited. Ma Long known as the “Hexagon Warrior” is undoubtedly a talented and experienced athlete. (前置定语) (后置定语) (宾语补足语) Look at the sentences and underline the past participles. In pairs, discuss their functions. Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text. 1 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. 2 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, … 3 They had castles built all around England, … as the attribute as the attribute as the attribute as the object complement Find and Observe The Past Participle as The Attribute 过去分词作定语 过去分词真容易，动词后面加ed, 部分动词不规则，我们需要特殊记。 它的作用真不小，今天学习做定语。 2. 过去分词作定语应放在名词的什么位置呢？ D I S C O V E R Y 1. Translation a ___________ candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 a ________ stamp 一枚用过的邮票 lighted used a _____________ coin 一枚破损的硬币 a ____________ bus 一辆拥挤的公交车 broken crowded an injured finger a finger injured in the accident a painted wall the wall painted by a worker 过去分词可用来修饰_____(动词/名词)，作_____(表语/定语/宾补)，一般单个单词放所修饰词_____，分词短语放在所修饰词_____，表__________（及物动词）或完成（不及物动词）。 名词 之前 之后 被动、完成 【Conclusion 1】 过去分词作_____ 定语 定语 Past Participles as the Attribute (2) visitors ______ of the long wait /… a trip _________ well by my workplace / … stars ________ beautifully at the event / … Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Then make sentences with the phrases. Past Participles as the Attribute (1) tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars· tired organised dressed a photo taken by a news reporter This is a photo _________ ______ taken by a news reporter after Fan Zhengdong won his gold medal. that/which Li Wenwen, a young athlete ______ ______ born in 2000, secured the fifth gold for the Chinese weightlifting team at this Olympics. (China Daily改） a young athlete born in 2000 who was was 【Conclusion2】 过去式分词短语做后置定语相当于定语从句 1. Shanghai, which located in the east of China, is famous for its advanced economy. →_________, _________________________ is famous for its advanced economy. 2. The athlete who was injured is now being taken good care of in the hospital. → ________________ is now being taken good care of in the hospital. Shanghai located in the east of China The athlete injured Practice [点津]　 ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)、given(所给的)、concerned(有关的)等。  There is little time left. Let's hurry up. ②如果被修饰的词是由 不定代词 (everything等)或指示代词 (those等)时, 即使单个的过去分词作定语, 也要放在被修饰词的后面。 He is one of those invited. There was nobody punished here. ③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较： This is a used car which is worth only 5,000 yuan. 这是一辆仅值五千元的旧车。 The method used is very efficient. 所用的这个方法很有效。 ④某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed, moved, interested, surprised, shocked, puzzled, excited, frightened, worried, pleased等. From his excited look, I know he passed the examination. 过去分词真容易，动词后面加ed, 部分动词不规则，我们需要特殊记。 它的作用真不小，今天学习作定语。 1. D I S C O V E R Y 单个分词作定语，名词之前很好找。 分词短语名词后，记住这点错不了。 不定代词和those,分词也要放后面。 2. 3. 选择过去分词的基本原则是什么？ 现在分词和过去分词做定语，有何区别呢？ Thinking ______ leaves ______ leaves falling fallen rising risen _______ sun ______ sun 结论： 现在分词作定语,表示动作_________, _______意义; 过去分词作定语,表示动作在谓语之前已_______, 或具有_______意义. 正在进行 主动 被动 完成 区别 1. Most of the people______________ (question) were students. 2. As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, __________(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities． 3. Many (use) computers will be sold in this market. 4. Who were the so-called guests________ (invite) to your party last night? 5. A course __________ (design) for first-year students to help them succeed academically and personally. questioned founded used invited was designed Practice 1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing. 2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey. Rewrite the sentences with the past participles as the attribute, and then see whether you can write a little story with them. 3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War. 4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill. The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill. The Past Participle as The Object Complement 过去分词作宾补 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词 + 直接宾语 (名词/代词) + 宾语补足语 They had castles built all around England,... (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语) 宾语补足语一般放在宾语_____，对宾语起_________的作用。 之后 补充说明 What is the object complement? The little girl has her hair _____.(cut) We find the bike ______.(steal) cut stolen I saw them ________(rob) by two men. robbed 1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词作宾补时，宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语，宾语和过去分词之间是_____ 关系。 被动 He noticed the sun ______(go) behind the clouds. I found the leaves ______(fall) on the ground. fallen gone 2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作 _____，宾语与过去分词之间不存在被动关系。 完成 They noticed the children ________(dress) in warm clothes. dressed The teacher found the students ______(seat) in the classroom when she returned. seated 3. seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的_______状态，不表示被动或完成。 状态 能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词，即：____动词。如：see，watch，observe，look at，hear， listen to，feel，notice，find等； I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 the song为宾语，sung为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系 his hometown为宾语，changed为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系 感官 能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 2.表示"使..."意义的动词。如∶have，make，get，keep，leave等； I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don't leave those things undone. 不要留下那些事情不做。 宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系 能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 3.表示"希望"、"要求"意义的动词，如∶ would like，order，want，wish等； I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望 5 点前完成我的作业。 宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系 能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 4.介词with+宾语+过去分词 The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着大地，屋外景色迷人。 宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系 过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别： ① 现在分词作宾补时，宾语和补语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。 ② 及物动词的过去分词作宾补说明其与宾语之间有逻辑上的被动关系；不及物动词的过去分词作宾补说明动作已完成或处于某种状态。 I heard her singing the song in English. I heard the song sung in English. ③ 不定式作宾补时 1）表示动作未完成 2）感官动词后表示动作的全过程，且省略“to” I heard her sing the song in English. I have a meeting ___________(attend) this afternoon. → “参加会议” 的动作尚未发生 The letter______________(mail) tomorrow is for my parents. → 信件 “将被寄出” 的被动动作 to be mailed to attend � 使役动词+sb. do (省略了__)， 含义是__________ 非谓语动词作宾补 1. done，表______关系，强调动作_____ 2.doing, 表_____关系 � 感官动词 + sb. doing, 表动作__________ � 使役动词 + sb. doing, 含义_________________ � with + sth. to do, 强调动作______ 3.to do � 感官动词+sb. do(省略了__), 表动作_______ 被动 完成 主动 正在进行 让某人一直做某事 to 全过程 让某人做某事 未发生 to 1.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged. 2.When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left. 4. Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. Read the sentence and underline the -ed form as the object complement. 3.We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 5. She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 1. Fill in the banks with the given words’ proper forms 1. In the distance, I suddenly heard someone _________(scream) for help. 2. With my friend _______ (act) as my tourist guide, I am bound to have a pleasant journey. 3. Besides, money can be collected to have some buildings _______ (repair). 4. His gaining admission to Peking University made his parents very ________ (please). 5. During the renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those ____ (hold) in the middle ages . 6. As had been expected, the problem ________(refer) to at the meeting was tackled in a scientific way. screaming acting repaired pleased held referred Practice 7.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________(hide) within the work. 8. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world. 9. It is amazing to see small children ____________ (appreciate) such abstract paintings. 10. I have collected the money ________ (need). 11. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 12. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. developed needed discussed surprised hidden appreciating 13. Hidden among the shelves was what appeared to be small, hand-knitted item, with a note _________(attach) to it. 14. It was Emperor Qin Shihuang who had the walls _____ (join) up. 15. Chairs, tables, shelves, animals, flowers and human figures________(carve) out of wood are common examples of this form of art. 16. The minor mistake _______(cause) by your carelessness is easy to deal with. 17. Remove nay clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric _______(stick) to the burnt skin. attached joined carved caused sticking 2. Translation 1. 考虑到你出色的写作技能，我真希望你能为我校英文报写一篇主题为我最喜爱的运动员的文章。 Considering your excellent writing skills, I do hope you can write an article themed My favorite athlete for our school’s English newspaper. 2. 让人印象最深刻的是被运动员们在竞技场上展现出来的体育精神。 What’s the most impressive is the sportsmanship displayed by athletes in the competition fields. 过去式分词在句中可作 _____、_________。 定语 宾语补足语 1.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面； 2.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 3.单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 4.用做表示人物的心理特征或感情变化的形容词 作用：表被动或完成 定语 宾补 1.感官动词 2.使役动词 3.表示“意愿、命令或希望”“意义的动词。 4.with的复合结构 Summary Lavf58.20.100 $