Unit 4 A good read 单元复习(单词、词汇拓展、短语、句子、知识点、语法、写作)-2025-2026学年新译林版英语八年级下册同步单元复习

2026-03-23
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 4 A good read
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 219 KB
发布时间 2026-03-23
更新时间 2026-03-23
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-03-23
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来源 学科网

内容正文:

Unit 4 A good read单元复习 词句背默清单 重点单词 1.撞击,碰撞 2.继续 3.抽出;拉,拖 4.小说 5.非虚构作品 6.(长篇)小说 7.腹部;胃 8.绳索 9.大批,大群;陆军部队 10.也 11.径直;笔直地 12.讨论,谈论,商量 13.提出建议 14.原谅 15.描述 16.评论 17.时间表;时刻表 18.段落 19. 总结 20. 结尾,结局 21.规章;规则 22.图书管理员 23.销售量 24. 一本(份,册);复制品 25. 文学 26.出版人(或机构) 27.读者 28.困难 29.著作权,版权 30.同意;一致;协议 31.市场 32.日志;杂志 33.名称,标题;头衔,称谓 34.岛 35.看法,想法 36.确定;必定 37.不愿意 38.顽皮的,淘气的 39.遥远的 40.尤其,特别 41.在……之内 42.谁,什么人 43.尽管 词汇拓展 1. read(v. 阅读)→ (n. 阅读;读物)→ (n. 读者) 2. fiction(n. 小说;虚构)→ (n. 非虚构作品)→ (adj. 虚构的,拓展词) 3. make(v. 制作)+ up(adv. 向上)→ (adj. 不真实的;编造的) 4. novel(n. 小说)→ (n. 小说家,拓展词) 5. crash(v./n. 撞击;碰撞)→ (adj. 撞碎的,拓展词) 6. tire(v. 使疲倦)→ (adj. 疲倦的)→ (短语,累极了) 7. stomach(n. 腹部;胃)→ (n. 胃痛,拓展词) 8. continue(v. 继续)→ (n. 继续,拓展词)→ (adj. 连续的,拓展词) 9. either(adj./pron./adv. 两者之一;也)→ (pron./conj. 两者都不,对应词) 10. pull(v./n. 拉;拖)→ (n. 拉的人/工具,拓展词) 11. rope(n. 绳)→ (adj. 用绳捆的,拓展词) 12. break(v. 打破)+ (adj. 自由的)→ (短语,设法逃脱) 13. arm(n. 手臂;武器)→ (n. 军队) 14. straight(adj./adv. 直的;径直地)→ (adv. 笔直地,拓展词,较少用) 15. right(adv. 立刻)+ away(adv. 离开)→ (短语,立即;马上) 16. discuss(v. 讨论)→ (n. 讨论) 17. clear(adj. 清晰的;v. 清除)→ (adj. 了解清楚的;清醒的) 18. advise(v. 建议)→ (n. 建议,不可数) 19. hand(n. 手;v. 递交)+ in(prep. 在…里)→ (短语,提交;上交) 20. review(v./n. 评论;复习)→ (n. 评论者,拓展词) 21. time(n. 时间)+ table(n. 桌子)→ (n. 时间表;时刻表) 22. summarize(v. 总结,拓展词)→ (n. 总结) 23. give(v. 给)+ away(adv. 离开)→ (短语,泄露;暴露) 24. end(n. 结尾;v. 结束)→ (n. 结尾;结局) 25. rule(n. 规则;v. 统治)→ (adj. 统治的;n. 统治,拓展词) 26. first(num. 第一)+ of all(短语,所有的)→ (短语,首先) 27. library(n. 图书馆)→ (n. 图书管理员) 28. check(v. 检查)+ out(adv. 出去)→ (短语,借出) 29. publish(v. 出版)→ (adj. 出版的)→ (短语,出版社)→ (n. 出版人/机构) 30. willing(adj. 愿意的)→ (adj. 不愿意的,反义词) 31. sell(v. 销售)→ (n. 销售量;销售) 32. copy(v. 复制;n. 副本)→ (n. 版权;著作权) 33. especial(adj. 特别的)→ (adv. 尤其;特别) 34. literate(adj. 识字的,拓展词)→ (n. 文学) 35. must(modal v. 必须)+ read(v. 读)→ (n. 必读的东西) 36. pirate(v. 盗印;n. 海盗)→ (n. 海盗行为;盗版,拓展词) 37. difficult(adj. 困难的)→ (n. 困难)→ (短语,做某事有困难) 38. agree(v. 同意)→ (n. 同意;协议) 39. market(n. 市场;v. 营销)→ (n. 市场营销,拓展词) 40. excuse(v. 原谅;n. 借口)→ (短语,劳驾;请原谅) 41. at(prep. 在)+ a time(短语,一次)→ (短语,每次) 42. within(prep./adv. 在…之内;在内)→ (prep. 和…一起)+ (prep. 在…里)(构词关联) 43. describe(v. 描述)→ (n. 描述,拓展词) 44. journal(n. 日志;期刊)→ (n. 记者,拓展词) 45. title(n. 标题;头衔)→ (adj. 有头衔的,拓展词) 46. naught(n. 无,拓展词)→ (adj. 顽皮的) 47. far(adj./adv. 远的;远地)+ away(adv. 离开)→ (adj. 遥远的) 48. island(n. 岛)→ (n. 岛民,拓展词) 49. though(conj./adv. 尽管;不过)→ (conj. 尽管,同义连词) 重点短语 1.创作,编写;编造 2.此刻,目前 3.值得做某事 4.到……的时候 5.累极了 6.睡着 7.醒来 8.被……束缚 9.摔倒 10.继续做某事 11.完成某事(尤指困难的事情) 12.逃脱,挣脱 13.逃跑 14.令某人惊讶的是 15.一群 16. 把某人捆绑起来 17.提交,呈交,上交 18.对……满意;对……放心 19.准备好做某事 20.大量的 21.第一,首先 22.不愿意做某事 23.做某事有困难 24.劳驾,请原谅 重点句子 1.当我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时,我已经累坏了。 the time I finally felt land under my feet, I . 2.我在太阳升起的时候醒了,但我发现自己无法动弹。 I woke up as the sun was , but I found I could not move. 3.他和我的中指一样大! He was just my middle finger! 4.我试着挣脱,但只勉强把一只手从绳子中抽了出来。 I tried but only managed one hand out of the ropes. 5.格列佛看见更多的人,但他无法理解他们的语言。 Gulliver saw more small men, but he could not their . 6.我尽力飞奔,同时思索下一步该做什么。 I was wondering next while running . 7.在开始阅读之前制订一个计划很有帮助。 It's to have a plan before you start . 8.我会在办公室门上贴一张时间表,以便你们知道何时与我交流。 I'll a on my office door so you know when to speak to me. 9.事实上,这些书已被翻译成多种语言,而且现在销量已超过6亿册。 In fact,the books have been many different languages and now their sales have over 600 million copies. 10.这个故事告诉我们,既要直面错误选择带来的后果,也要为正确的选择而奋斗。 The story tells us to face the of bad to fight for what is right. 重点知识详解 知识点1:The story and characters are made up.故事和角色是编造的。 make up ①创作,编写;编造 为“动词+副词”型短语,名词作宾语时位于 up 前后都可;人称代词作宾语时只能位于 make与 up之间。 He a story, so we didn't believe it.他编了一个故事,所以我们并不相信它。 I told the kids a story, as I went along.我给孩子们讲了个故事,是现编的。 ②组成,构成 Twelve doctors a medical team. 12名医生组成了一个医疗团队。 拓展 be made up of由······组成 Our class 24 girls and 21 boys. 我们班由24个女生和21个男生组成。 知识点2:Are you reading anything good at the moment, Daniel?丹尼尔,你目前在读什么好书吗? read ①〔及物动词〕读;阅读 I usually storybooks after dinner. 我通常晚饭后读故事书。 ②〔不及物动词〕阅读;朗读;读书 Listen! He is .听!他正在读书。 ③〔名词〕读物,书(或文章等) a good read 好的读物 知识点3:You must check it out!你一定要看看! check out 为“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作其宾语时只能放在 check与 out之间。 ①察看,看一看 the prices at our new store! 看一看我们新商店的价格吧! — Excuse me, I wonder if the plane can land on time.打扰一下,我想知道这班飞机是否能准时降落。 —Wait a minute, please. Let me .请稍等,我查一下。 ②〔从图书馆等〕借出 The library allows you to six books at a time. 图书馆允许每次借六本书。 知识点4:My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!我的胳膊、腿和头发都被绑在了地上! tie ①〔及物动词〕捆,绑,系,拴;打结 现在分词为 tying。 tie… to…把……系/拴到……上 The old man the horse a tree. 那位老人把马拴到了一棵树上。 I a knot in the rope. 我在绳子上打了个结。 ②〔可数名词〕领带 He is wearing a blue .他打着一条蓝领带。 知识点5:I shouted at them—— the loud noise made some of them fall over.我朝他们大喊——巨大的声响让他们中的一些人摔倒了。 fall over 摔倒 He when he was skating. 他溜冰的时候摔倒了。 拓展 ①fall off(从······上)摔下 The boy the tree yesterday. 昨天这个男孩从树上摔了下来。 ②fall down摔倒;落下;倒塌 My mother from her bike just now. 我的母亲刚才从她的自行车上摔了下来。 知识点6:However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而,他们很快又站起来,继续在我身上爬动。 continue〔动词〕继续 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。 continue doing/ to do sth继续做某事。 I felt too sick to .我感觉很难受,无法继续下去了。 Mike continued the novel.迈克继续读那本小说。 知识点7:I did not know what to say either. 我也不知道该说什么。 辨析: either, as well, too 与 also either 放于否定句末,其前通常加逗 as well 常用于句末,其前无逗号 too 放于句末,其前通常加肯定句 逗号,也可不加 also 位于助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be之后,行为动词之前 If he doesn't go, I won't go, . 如果他不去,我也不去。 He speaks English, and he knows French .他说英语,也懂法语。 Jim likes red. I like red, . 吉姆喜欢红色,我也喜欢红色。 They agree with me.他们也同意我的意见。 拓展 Me either.表示“我也不”。 —I don't like swimming.我不喜欢游泳。— Me .我也不喜欢。 知识点8:I tried to pull one hand out of the ropes and finally managed to break free.我试着把一只手从绳子中抽出,最后成功挣脱了。 (1) pull ①〔及物动词〕抽出 He a pen from his bag. 他从包里抽出一支钢笔。 ②〔动词〕拉,拖 反义词为 push,意为“推”。 Please the door. Don't push it. 请拉门,不要推门。 (2) break free 逃脱,挣脱 He finally managed to free from his attacker.他终于设法摆脱了袭击他的人。 These animals from their ropes. 这些动物从捆住它们的绳索中挣脱了出来。 拓展 set… free放走…… The kind man the little rabbit .那个善良的男人放走了那只小兔子。 知识点9:I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我低头一看,看到一大批小人。 army〔名词〕 ①大批,大群 an army of…一大群…… ants are busy carrying things.一大群蚂蚁在忙着搬运东西。 ②陆军部队;陆军 Her husband has been in the for five years,她的丈夫已在陆军服役5年了。 知识点10:They were coming straight towards me.他们正径直朝我走来。 straight ①〔副词〕径直;笔直地 Go down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直向前走,然后左转。 ②〔形容词〕直的 在句中作表语或定语。 The road is very . 这条路很直。(作表语) Please draw a line. 请画一条直线。(作定语) 知识点11:Amy does not know how to write the book review.埃米不知道如何写书评。 review ①〔可数名词〕评论 指报纸、杂志等上的对书籍、电影、戏剧等的评论文章。 a review of... 对······的评论 Please read the of her book.请读一下对她的书的评论。 ②〔不可数名词〕评论 指评论这一活动。 We sent the book to the press for . 我们把这本书送到出版社供评论。 知识点12:They are discussing which book to read next.他们正在讨论接下来读哪本书。 discuss〔及物动词〕讨论,谈论,商量 ①不直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句。 They are discussing how to do it. 他们正在讨论怎样做这件事。 ②discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 You needn't this matter me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。 拓展 discuss的名词形式为 discussion(讨论)。 discuss sth with sb 相当于 have a discussion with sb about sth。 Let's our weekend plan with our parents.= Let's have a with our parents about our weekend plan.让我们和我们的父母讨论一下周末计划吧。 知识点13: Mr Wu advised us which to choose first.吴老师建议我们先选哪本。 advise〔动词〕提出建议 用作及物动词时,后面常跟名词(短语)、代词、动词-ing形式或宾语从句等作宾语。 advise sb(not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事advise doing sth建议做某事 She advised us start early.她建议我们早点出发。 The doctor advised a week's rest. 医生建议休息一周。 知识点14:The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews.学生们问老师什么时候上交书评。 hand in 提交,呈交,上交 为“动词+副词”结构,若名词作宾语,放在hand与 in 之间或 in 之后都可以;若代词作宾语,应放在 hand与 in之间。 Tom has his report.汤姆上交报告了。 I' ve finished my homework. I must .我完成家庭作业了。我必须把它交上。 拓展 hand out分发 The teacher is our English papers.老师正在分发我们的英语试卷。 知识点15:I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn't give away the ending.我必须对这本书作一个简短的总结,但我绝不能透露结局。 (1) give away 是“动词+副词”结构,宾语是人称代词时,要将人称代词放在 give与away之间。宾语若为名词,名词可放在away前,也可放在 away后。 ①泄露,暴露 give away a secret泄露秘密 Don't worry. I won't . 别担心,我不会出卖你的。 ②赠送;捐赠 They often books to a children's home.他们经常给儿童之家捐书。 (2) ending〔名词〕 ①结尾,结局 His stories usually have a happy . 他的故事通常有一个美满的结局。 ②结束;终结;最后部分 It was the perfect to the perfect day.那是美好一天的圆满结束。 拓展 end〔名词〕(时间、活动等的)最后部分,末尾〔动词〕结束 知识点16:First of all, you must remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them.首先,你们一定要记住,图书馆里的书是供所有人使用的,所以请务必爱护它们。 first of all 第一,首先 用来说明事物的排列顺序,常放在句首作状语,后面用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开,用来强调首要的事情或动作。 , you must keep your cool. 首先,你必须保持冷静。 知识点17:Many of the British publishing houses were unwilling to publish the first book.许多英国出版社都不愿出版第一本书。 unwilling〔形容词〕不愿意的 be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事 The cat is to go outside in the rain. 那只猫不愿意在雨天出门。 拓展 willing〔形容词〕愿意的 不用于名词前。 I'm perfectly discuss the problem. 我十分乐意讨论这个问题。 知识点18:sales up to 600 million copies in over 200countries and areas 在超过200个国家和地区的销量高达6亿册 (1) sales〔名词复数〕销售量 sales of ⋯⋯的销售量 in sales 在销量上 of cars are up this year. 小汽车销量今年增加了。 We have got more than $50,000 in so far. 到目前为止,我们已获得超过50 000 美元的销售额。 拓展 sale〔名词〕出售,销售;廉价出售 for sale 待售 on sale 出售;减价出售 (2) copy ①〔可数名词〕一本(份,册);复制品 用作复数时表示同一种书的许多册,而不是许多种不同的书。 He is reading a of the daily newspaper.他正在看一份日报。 ②〔动词〕复制;抄写 Could you this letter and send it out,please?请你把这封信复印一份发出去好吗? I the phone number into my address book.我把电话号码抄写在自己的通讯录上。 知识点19:It is usually difficult to know which book to read, especially if you have so many great books to choose from.通常很难知道该读哪本书,尤其是当你有这么多好书可供选择时。 especially〔副词〕尤其,特别 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子;其形容词形式为 especial,意为“特别的,特殊的”。 I am busy on weekends. 我周末特别忙。 He likes all subjects, maths. 他喜欢所有的学科,尤其是数学。 知识点20:And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers cannot say for sure if the book will be successful or not.而且他们可能在出版书籍时遇到困难,因为出版商无法确定这本书是否会成功。 difficulty ①〔不可数名词〕困难 表示抽象意义上的“困难”。 have difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 with difficulty费劲地 in difficulty处于困境中 I had great difficulty(in) the task.完成这项任务我遇到了很大困难。 ②〔可数名词〕困难;难题;难事 其形容词形式为 difficult,意为“困难的”。 He met with many when travelling.他在旅行中遇到了许多困难。 知识点21:Excuse me, Mrs Li, could you tell me where to find the Harry Potter series?打扰一下,李老师,您能告诉我在哪里可以找到“哈利·波特”系列吗? excuse me 劳驾,请原谅 是在打扰他人之前的客套话,以示礼貌和歉意,主要用于: ①询问情况,引起别人的注意,如问路、问姓名等。 , are you Mr Smith? 请问,你是史密斯先生吗? ②征求别人的许可,向对方提出请求。 . Could you help me, please? 打扰一下。请你帮我一下,可以吗? ③打扰他人,打断别人的讲话或正在做的事。 ! I want to wash my hands. 对不起!我想要洗手。 知识点22:What words would you use to describe them?你会用哪些词来描述他们? describe〔及物动词〕描述 后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。 describe sb/sth to sb 向某人描述某人/某事物Can you describe your family?你能描述一下你的家庭情况吗? If you have time, you can the football match to the children.你如果有时间,可以给孩子们描述足球比赛的情况。 拓展 description〔名词〕描述 the description of的描述 Will you please give me the of the picture?请你给我描述一下这幅画好吗? 知识点23:My opinion 我的看法 opinion〔名词〕看法,想法 in one's opinion 依……看 Students have different about doing house-work.关于做家务,学生们有不同的看法。 In my , you should communicate better with your parents.在我看来,你应该更好地和你父母沟通一下。 知识点24:He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble.他喜爱玩乐且很勇敢,尽管他经常惹麻烦。 though〔连词〕尽管though可引导让步状语从句,与 although用法相同。 it was raining, we went there.虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。 重点语法详解 疑问词加动词不定式 ①“疑问词+不定式”结构:动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用,构成不定式短语,相当于一个宾语从句,在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等,或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如: What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式:“not/never+to+动词原形”,有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略:在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中,动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复,在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等,短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 注意点 ① 若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词,需要加上后面的介词。 e.g. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. I don’t know who to turn to for help when I have problems. ② 原则上说,why后不接不定式: 误:Kitty explained why to be late for school. 正:Kitty explained why she was late for school. 不过若不定式不带to,则可用why。 e.g.: Why not go there at once?  Why argue with her?  但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来,不用于谈论过去。 误:Why not clean the room yesterday? 正:Why didn't you clean the room yesterday? (3) how用于该结构的注意点: 有些动词后接“how+不定式”作宾语时,how可以省略: e.g.: Did you learn (how) to drive a car? 你学过开车吗? 但是,有些动词后面接“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语时,尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出,但不能将how省略。 e.g.: He knows how to play the piano. He showed her how to swim. (4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。 e.g.: He asked where he would go shopping after supper. =He asked where to go shopping after supper. 1.The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A.to talk B.will talk C.talks to D.to talk to 2.I have learned it all by myself. That is to say nobody told me ________. A.what to do it B.how to do it C.where to do D.when to do 3.Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机). A.how; survive B.how; survive in C.what; survive D.what; survive in 4.— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A.when meeting B.when to meet C.where meeting D.where to meet 5.I’m sorry for being late. I totally forget _________, so I get up one hour late. A.when to meet B.where to meet C.when shall we meet D.where shall we meet 二.单句语法填空 1.The old lady asked her son to teach her how (search) for information on the Internet. 2.Helen is thinking about which topic (choose) for her science project these days. 3.In fact, Gulliver didn’t know how (get) away. 4.He is so careless that he often forgets when (hand) in his report. 5.Squirrels always like saving some food before winter comes. But they forget where (find) it at times. 6.Everyone should know how (save) themselves when the fire breaks out. 三.完成句子 1.你已经决定怎么处理这些书了吗? Have you decided with these books yet? 2.我父亲教会了我如何骑自行车。 My father ride a bike. 3.很多年轻人没有足够的耐心教他们的父母怎样使用智能手机。 Many young people aren’t smartphones. 4.也许你的老师可以给你关于怎样处理这个问题的建议。 Maybe your teacher . 5.这个网上课程可以教你怎样订票和点餐。 The online course . must& have to must, have to的基本用法 (1)must表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定,意为“必须,应该”,表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。 ---- May I go to the cinema, Mum? ---- Certainly. But you must be back by 11 o’clock. These books mustn’t be taken out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (2)“must be+表语”表示猜测、可能性,一般只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,肯定”,表示可能性很大,语气比may肯定,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can’t,表示“不可能”。 There must be some mistakes. 肯定有一些错误。// You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你妈妈现在一定在等你 (3)回答must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要”的意思,不用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示禁止或不准,意思是“一定不要”,“不应该”,“不许可”,“不准”,“禁止”。如:---- Must I finish the work before five o’clock? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. (4)“have to”表示客观需要,意为“不得不、必须”,有人称、时态和数的变化,后跟动词原形。 She has to look after her little sister. 她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。 I have to do some washing. 我必须洗洗衣服。// I had to do my homework last night. 昨晚我不得不做作业。 (5)have to 的否定式和疑问式一般要借用助动词do的适当形式构成。have to 的否定式是don’t have to; has to 的否定式是doesn’t have to; had to 的否定式是didn’t have to。have to的疑问式同样也借用助动词do的相应形式构成。如:He doesn’t have to do the homework now. 他没有必要现在做作业。 ---- Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗? ---- Yes, you do.(No, you don’t have to.)是的,你必须去。(不,你不必。) We didn’t have to answer the question yesterday. 昨天我们没有必要回答这个问题。 (6)must 与 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 一般强调客观需要,它比must更含有客观条件迫使,必须这样做的意思。如:I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。(主观意愿) If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。(客观需要) 1.With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner, my mum ________ sweep the floor herself. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.doesn’t have to 2.—Could you tell me how to renew the books? —You ________ come to our desk. Just renew them online. A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 3.You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A.must B.mustn’t C.have to D.don’t have to 4.在家里,老师们不得不习惯和学生们在线交流。 Teachers have online at home. 5.如果你想把这些书借更长时间,你得续借。 If you want to the books , you renew them. 写作详解 本单元的主题是“一本好读物”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型写一篇与书籍或阅读有关的书面表达。与此相关的写作维度有:①介绍一本喜欢的书;②谈论自己对阅读的看法。   中考书面表达与此相关的命题形式有很多,如给报社投稿、发表演讲和经验分享等。一般要介绍的主要内容有:对某本书或某个故事的看法、对读书的见解等。 写作实例   为了响应国家全民阅读的号召,你校将举办以“My Favourite Book”为主题的英语读书日。假如你是李华,请根据下面的通知和要求,并结合自身实际,用英文介绍自己最喜欢的一本书。要求:1.词数不少于100,开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Notice   Our school will hold an English Reading Day. What book  have you read? Who is your favourite character? And why do  you like this book?   Share with us! My Favourite Book   I'm Li Hua. I'm very glad to share my favourite book with you. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①one of the... ……之一  ②get over克服  ③give up放弃  ④as long as只要 ⑤It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China.它是中国四大名著之一。 ⑥It is such an interesting book that I lose myself in it.这本书太有趣了,以至于我完全沉浸其中。 ①be popular among... 在……中受欢迎  ②be aware of 意识到  ③be crazy about热爱 ④from that day on从那天起  ⑤an extract from... ……的一段摘录   ⑥fall asleep入睡 ⑦Some praise it, while others call it unreadable.有些人称赞它,而另一些人则称其难以理解。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 My Favourite Book I'm Li Hua. I'm very glad to share my favourite book with you. My favourite book is Journey to the West. It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China. It was written by Wu Cheng'en, who was a great writer in ancient China. The story tells us about four main characters. They are Tang Monk, the Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy. They get over many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally, they make it.   The Monkey King is my favourite character. He is so smart and brave that he can protect his master and brothers well. He never gives up when he faces difficulties and challenges.   It is such an interesting book that I lose myself in it. It tells me that as long as I never give up, I can achieve everything. (24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期中)我们日常的课本学习不仅能学到知识,而且也会改善我们的生活习惯。只要我们有一颗上进心,就一定会带来很大的变化。请根据下面表格提供的信息,以“My Changes”为题用英语写一篇短文,向同学介绍你的变化并简要说明理由。 过去 1.花很多时间打游戏;2.讨厌看书;3.不知道选读什么类的书 现在 1.喜欢旅行;2.爱好看书;3.最喜欢看……书 原因 1.旅游帮助你了解世界,享受自然之美 2.读书帮助你…… 要求: 1、注意语句通顺,条理清晰; 2、词数90左右,必须包括表格中所有的相关信息,省略号部分适当发挥; 3、文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名等。 My Changes ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 A good read单元复习 词句背默清单 重点单词 1.撞击,碰撞 crash 2.继续 continue 3.抽出;拉,拖 pull 4.小说 fiction 5.非虚构作品non-fiction 6.(长篇)小说 novel 7.腹部;胃 stomach 8.绳索 rope 9.大批,大群;陆军部队army 10.也 either 11.径直;笔直地straight 12.讨论,谈论,商量discuss 13.提出建议 advise 14.原谅 excuse 15.描述 describe 16.评论 review 17.时间表;时刻表timetable 18.段落paragraph 19. 总结summary 20. 结尾,结局 ending 21.规章;规则 rule 22.图书管理员 librarian 23.销售量sales 24. 一本(份,册);复制品copy 25. 文学literature 26.出版人(或机构)publisher 27.读者 reader 28.困难 difficulty 29.著作权,版权 copyright 30.同意;一致;协议 agreement 31.市场 market 32.日志;杂志 journal 33.名称,标题;头衔,称谓 title 34.岛island 35.看法,想法 opinion 36.确定;必定 certain 37.不愿意 unwilling 38.顽皮的,淘气的 naughty 39.遥远的 faraway 40.尤其,特别 especially 41.在……之内 within 42.谁,什么人 whom 43.尽管 though 词汇拓展 1. read(v. 阅读)→ reading(n. 阅读;读物)→ reader(n. 读者) 2. fiction(n. 小说;虚构)→ non-fiction(n. 非虚构作品)→ fictional(adj. 虚构的,拓展词) 3. make(v. 制作)+ up(adv. 向上)→ made-up(adj. 不真实的;编造的) 4. novel(n. 小说)→ novelist(n. 小说家,拓展词) 5. crash(v./n. 撞击;碰撞)→ crashing(adj. 撞碎的,拓展词) 6. tire(v. 使疲倦)→ tired(adj. 疲倦的)→ be tired out(短语,累极了) 7. stomach(n. 腹部;胃)→ stomachache(n. 胃痛,拓展词) 8. continue(v. 继续)→ continuation(n. 继续,拓展词)→ continuous(adj. 连续的,拓展词) 9. either(adj./pron./adv. 两者之一;也)→ neither(pron./conj. 两者都不,对应词) 10. pull(v./n. 拉;拖)→ puller(n. 拉的人/工具,拓展词) 11. rope(n. 绳)→ roped(adj. 用绳捆的,拓展词) 12. break(v. 打破)+ free(adj. 自由的)→ break free(短语,设法逃脱) 13. arm(n. 手臂;武器)→ army(n. 军队) 14. straight(adj./adv. 直的;径直地)→ straightly(adv. 笔直地,拓展词,较少用) 15. right(adv. 立刻)+ away(adv. 离开)→ right away(短语,立即;马上) 16. discuss(v. 讨论)→ discussion(n. 讨论) 17. clear(adj. 清晰的;v. 清除)→ clear-headed(adj. 了解清楚的;清醒的) 18. advise(v. 建议)→ advice(n. 建议,不可数) 19. hand(n. 手;v. 递交)+ in(prep. 在…里)→ hand in(短语,提交;上交) 20. review(v./n. 评论;复习)→ reviewer(n. 评论者,拓展词) 21. time(n. 时间)+ table(n. 桌子)→ timetable(n. 时间表;时刻表) 22. summarize(v. 总结,拓展词)→ summary(n. 总结) 23. give(v. 给)+ away(adv. 离开)→ give away(短语,泄露;暴露) 24. end(n. 结尾;v. 结束)→ ending(n. 结尾;结局) 25. rule(n. 规则;v. 统治)→ ruling(adj. 统治的;n. 统治,拓展词) 26. first(num. 第一)+ of all(短语,所有的)→ first of all(短语,首先) 27. library(n. 图书馆)→ librarian(n. 图书管理员) 28. check(v. 检查)+ out(adv. 出去)→ check out(短语,借出) 29. publish(v. 出版)→ publishing(adj. 出版的)→ publishing house(短语,出版社)→ publisher(n. 出版人/机构) 30. willing(adj. 愿意的)→ unwilling(adj. 不愿意的,反义词) 31. sell(v. 销售)→ sale(n. 销售量;销售) 32. copy(v. 复制;n. 副本)→ copyright(n. 版权;著作权) 33. especial(adj. 特别的)→ especially(adv. 尤其;特别) 34. literate(adj. 识字的,拓展词)→ literature(n. 文学) 35. must(modal v. 必须)+ read(v. 读)→ must-read(n. 必读的东西) 36. pirate(v. 盗印;n. 海盗)→ piracy(n. 海盗行为;盗版,拓展词) 37. difficult(adj. 困难的)→ difficulty(n. 困难)→ have difficulty (in) doing sth(短语,做某事有困难) 38. agree(v. 同意)→ agreement(n. 同意;协议) 39. market(n. 市场;v. 营销)→ marketing(n. 市场营销,拓展词) 40. excuse(v. 原谅;n. 借口)→ excuse me(短语,劳驾;请原谅) 41. at(prep. 在)+ a time(短语,一次)→ at a time(短语,每次) 42. within(prep./adv. 在…之内;在内)→ with(prep. 和…一起)+ in(prep. 在…里)(构词关联) 43. describe(v. 描述)→ description(n. 描述,拓展词) 44. journal(n. 日志;期刊)→ journalist(n. 记者,拓展词) 45. title(n. 标题;头衔)→ titled(adj. 有头衔的,拓展词) 46. naught(n. 无,拓展词)→ naughty(adj. 顽皮的) 47. far(adj./adv. 远的;远地)+ away(adv. 离开)→ faraway(adj. 遥远的) 48. island(n. 岛)→ islander(n. 岛民,拓展词) 49. though(conj./adv. 尽管;不过)→ although(conj. 尽管,同义连词) 重点短语 1.创作,编写;编造make up 2.此刻,目前at the moment 3.值得做某事 be worth doing sth. 4.到……的时候 by the time 5.累极了be tired out 6.睡着 fall asleep 7.醒来 wake up 8.被……束缚 be tied to 9.摔倒 fall over 10.继续做某事continue doing sth. 11.完成某事(尤指困难的事情)manage to do sth. 12.逃脱,挣脱 break free 13.逃跑 run away from 14.令某人惊讶的是to one's surprise 15.一群 a crowd of 16. 把某人捆绑起来 tie sb.up/tie up sb. 17.提交,呈交,上交hand in 18.对……满意;对……放心 be happy with 19.准备好做某事be ready to do sth. 20.大量的plenty of 21.第一,首先first of all 22.不愿意做某事 be unwilling to do sth. 23.做某事有困难 have difficulty (in)doing sth. 24.劳驾,请原谅excuse me 重点句子 1.当我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时,我已经累坏了。 By the time I finally felt land under my feet, I was tired out. 2.我在太阳升起的时候醒了,但我发现自己无法动弹。 I woke up as the sun was rising, but I found I could not move. 3.他和我的中指一样大! He was just the same size as my middle finger! 4.我试着挣脱,但只勉强把一只手从绳子中抽了出来。 I tried to break free but only managed to pull one hand out of the ropes. 5.格列佛看见更多的人,但他无法理解他们的语言。 Gulliver saw more small men, but he could not understand their language. 6.我尽力飞奔,同时思索下一步该做什么。 I was wondering what to do next while running as fast as I could. 7.在开始阅读之前制订一个计划很有帮助。 It's helpful to have a plan before you start reading. 8.我会在办公室门上贴一张时间表,以便你们知道何时与我交流。 I'll put up a timetable on my office door so you know when to speak to me. 9.事实上,这些书已被翻译成多种语言,而且现在销量已超过6亿册。 10.In fact,the books have been translated into many different languages and now their sales have reached over 600 million copies. 11.这个故事告诉我们,既要直面错误选择带来的后果,也要为正确的选择而奋斗。 The story tells us to face the results of bad choices as well as to fight for what is right. 重点知识详解 知识点1:The story and characters are made up.故事和角色是编造的。 make up ①创作,编写;编造 为“动词+副词”型短语,名词作宾语时位于 up 前后都可;人称代词作宾语时只能位于 make与 up之间。 He made up a story, so we didn't believe it.他编了一个故事,所以我们并不相信它。 I told the kids a story, making it up as I went along.我给孩子们讲了个故事,是现编的。 ②组成,构成 Twelve doctors made up a medical team. 12名医生组成了一个医疗团队。 拓展 be made up of由······组成 Our class is made up of 24 girls and 21 boys. 我们班由24个女生和21个男生组成。 知识点2:Are you reading anything good at the moment, Daniel?丹尼尔,你目前在读什么好书吗? read ①〔及物动词〕读;阅读 I usually read storybooks after dinner. 我通常晚饭后读故事书。 ②〔不及物动词〕阅读;朗读;读书 Listen! He is reading.听!他正在读书。 ③〔名词〕读物,书(或文章等) a good read 好的读物 知识点3:You must check it out!你一定要看看! check out 为“动词+副词”结构,人称代词作其宾语时只能放在 check与 out之间。 ①察看,看一看 Check out the prices at our new store! 看一看我们新商店的价格吧! — Excuse me, I wonder if the plane can land on time.打扰一下,我想知道这班飞机是否能准时降落。 —Wait a minute, please. Let me check it out.请稍等,我查一下。 ②〔从图书馆等〕借出 The library allows you to check out six books at a time. 图书馆允许每次借六本书。 知识点4:My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!我的胳膊、腿和头发都被绑在了地上! tie ①〔及物动词〕捆,绑,系,拴;打结 现在分词为 tying。 tie… to…把……系/拴到……上 The old man tied the horse to a tree. 那位老人把马拴到了一棵树上。 I tied a knot in the rope. 我在绳子上打了个结。 ②〔可数名词〕领带 He is wearing a blue tie.他打着一条蓝领带。 知识点5:I shouted at them—— the loud noise made some of them fall over.我朝他们大喊——巨大的声响让他们中的一些人摔倒了。 fall over 摔倒 He fell over when he was skating. 他溜冰的时候摔倒了。 拓展 ①fall off(从······上)摔下 The boy fell off the tree yesterday. 昨天这个男孩从树上摔了下来。 ②fall down摔倒;落下;倒塌 My mother fell down from her bike just now. 我的母亲刚才从她的自行车上摔了下来。 知识点6:However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而,他们很快又站起来,继续在我身上爬动。 continue〔动词〕继续 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。 continue doing/ to do sth继续做某事。 I felt too sick to continue.我感觉很难受,无法继续下去了。 Mike continued reading/ to read the novel.迈克继续读那本小说。 知识点7:I did not know what to say either. 我也不知道该说什么。 辨析: either, as well, too 与 also either 放于否定句末,其前通常加逗 as well 常用于句末,其前无逗号 too 放于句末,其前通常加肯定句 逗号,也可不加 also 位于助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be之后,行为动词之前 If he doesn't go, I won't go, either. 如果他不去,我也不去。 He speaks English, and he knows French aswell.他说英语,也懂法语。 Jim likes red. I like red, too. 吉姆喜欢红色,我也喜欢红色。 They also agree with me.他们也同意我的意见。 拓展 Me either.表示“我也不”。 —I don't like swimming.我不喜欢游泳。— Me either.我也不喜欢。 知识点8:I tried to pull one hand out of the ropes and finally managed to break free.我试着把一只手从绳子中抽出,最后成功挣脱了。 (1) pull ①〔及物动词〕抽出 He pulled a pen from his bag. 他从包里抽出一支钢笔。 ②〔动词〕拉,拖 反义词为 push,意为“推”。 Please pull the door. Don't push it. 请拉门,不要推门。 (2) break free 逃脱,挣脱 He finally managed to break free from his attacker.他终于设法摆脱了袭击他的人。 These animals broke free from their ropes. 这些动物从捆住它们的绳索中挣脱了出来。 拓展 set… free放走…… The kind man set the little rabbit free.那个善良的男人放走了那只小兔子。 知识点9:I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我低头一看,看到一大批小人。 army〔名词〕 ①大批,大群 an army of…一大群…… An army of ants are busy carrying things.一大群蚂蚁在忙着搬运东西。 ②陆军部队;陆军 Her husband has been in the army for five years,她的丈夫已在陆军服役5年了。 知识点10:They were coming straight towards me.他们正径直朝我走来。 straight ①〔副词〕径直;笔直地 Go straight down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直向前走,然后左转。 ②〔形容词〕直的 在句中作表语或定语。 The road is very straight. 这条路很直。(作表语) Please draw a straight line. 请画一条直线。(作定语) 知识点11:Amy does not know how to write the book review.埃米不知道如何写书评。 review ①〔可数名词〕评论 指报纸、杂志等上的对书籍、电影、戏剧等的评论文章。 a review of... 对······的评论 Please read the review of her book.请读一下对她的书的评论。 ②〔不可数名词〕评论 指评论这一活动。 We sent the book to the press for review. 我们把这本书送到出版社供评论。 知识点12:They are discussing which book to read next.他们正在讨论接下来读哪本书。 discuss〔及物动词〕讨论,谈论,商量 ①不直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句。 They are discussing how to do it. 他们正在讨论怎样做这件事。 ②discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 You needn't discuss this matter with me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。 拓展 discuss的名词形式为 discussion(讨论)。 discuss sth with sb 相当于 have a discussion with sb about sth。 Let's discuss our weekend plan with our parents.= Let's have a discussion with our parents about our weekend plan.让我们和我们的父母讨论一下周末计划吧。 知识点13: Mr Wu advised us which to choose first.吴老师建议我们先选哪本。 advise〔动词〕提出建议 用作及物动词时,后面常跟名词(短语)、代词、动词-ing形式或宾语从句等作宾语。 advise sb(not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事advise doing sth建议做某事 She advised us to start early.她建议我们早点出发。 The doctor advised(taking)a week's rest. 医生建议休息一周。 知识点14:The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews.学生们问老师什么时候上交书评。 hand in 提交,呈交,上交 为“动词+副词”结构,若名词作宾语,放在hand与 in 之间或 in 之后都可以;若代词作宾语,应放在 hand与 in之间。 Tom has handed in his report.汤姆上交报告了。 I' ve finished my homework. I must hand it in.我完成家庭作业了。我必须把它交上。 拓展 hand out分发 The teacher is handing out our English papers.老师正在分发我们的英语试卷。 知识点15:I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn't give away the ending.我必须对这本书作一个简短的总结,但我绝不能透露结局。 (1) give away 是“动词+副词”结构,宾语是人称代词时,要将人称代词放在 give与away之间。宾语若为名词,名词可放在away前,也可放在 away后。 ①泄露,暴露 give away a secret泄露秘密 Don't worry. I won't give you away. 别担心,我不会出卖你的。 ②赠送;捐赠 They often give away books to a children's home.他们经常给儿童之家捐书。 (2) ending〔名词〕 ①结尾,结局 His stories usually have a happy ending. 他的故事通常有一个美满的结局。 ②结束;终结;最后部分 It was the perfect ending to the perfect day.那是美好一天的圆满结束。 拓展 end〔名词〕(时间、活动等的)最后部分,末尾〔动词〕结束 知识点16:First of all, you must remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them.首先,你们一定要记住,图书馆里的书是供所有人使用的,所以请务必爱护它们。 first of all 第一,首先 用来说明事物的排列顺序,常放在句首作状语,后面用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开,用来强调首要的事情或动作。 First of all, you must keep your cool. 首先,你必须保持冷静。 知识点17:Many of the British publishing houses were unwilling to publish the first book.许多英国出版社都不愿出版第一本书。 unwilling〔形容词〕不愿意的 be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事 The cat is unwilling to go outside in the rain. 那只猫不愿意在雨天出门。 拓展 willing〔形容词〕愿意的 不用于名词前。 I'm perfectly willing to discuss the problem. 我十分乐意讨论这个问题。 知识点18:sales up to 600 million copies in over 200countries and areas 在超过200个国家和地区的销量高达6亿册 (1) sales〔名词复数〕销售量 sales of ⋯⋯的销售量 in sales 在销量上 Sales of cars are up this year. 小汽车销量今年增加了。 We have got more than $50,000 in sales so far. 到目前为止,我们已获得超过50 000 美元的销售额。 拓展 sale〔名词〕出售,销售;廉价出售 for sale 待售 on sale 出售;减价出售 (2) copy ①〔可数名词〕一本(份,册);复制品 用作复数时表示同一种书的许多册,而不是许多种不同的书。 He is reading a copy of the daily newspaper.他正在看一份日报。 ②〔动词〕复制;抄写 Could you copy this letter and send it out,please?请你把这封信复印一份发出去好吗? I copied the phone number into my address book.我把电话号码抄写在自己的通讯录上。 知识点19:It is usually difficult to know which book to read, especially if you have so many great books to choose from.通常很难知道该读哪本书,尤其是当你有这么多好书可供选择时。 especially〔副词〕尤其,特别 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子;其形容词形式为 especial,意为“特别的,特殊的”。 I am especially busy on weekends. 我周末特别忙。 He likes all subjects, especially maths. 他喜欢所有的学科,尤其是数学。 知识点20:And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers cannot say for sure if the book will be successful or not.而且他们可能在出版书籍时遇到困难,因为出版商无法确定这本书是否会成功。 difficulty ①〔不可数名词〕困难 表示抽象意义上的“困难”。 have difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 with difficulty费劲地 in difficulty处于困境中 I had great difficulty(in) finishing the task.完成这项任务我遇到了很大困难。 ②〔可数名词〕困难;难题;难事 其形容词形式为 difficult,意为“困难的”。 He met with many difficulties when travelling.他在旅行中遇到了许多困难。 知识点21:Excuse me, Mrs Li, could you tell me where to find the Harry Potter series?打扰一下,李老师,您能告诉我在哪里可以找到“哈利·波特”系列吗? excuse me 劳驾,请原谅 是在打扰他人之前的客套话,以示礼貌和歉意,主要用于: ①询问情况,引起别人的注意,如问路、问姓名等。 Excuse me, are you Mr Smith? 请问,你是史密斯先生吗? ②征求别人的许可,向对方提出请求。 Excuse me. Could you help me, please? 打扰一下。请你帮我一下,可以吗? ③打扰他人,打断别人的讲话或正在做的事。 Excuse me! I want to wash my hands. 对不起!我想要洗手。 知识点22:What words would you use to describe them?你会用哪些词来描述他们? describe〔及物动词〕描述 后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。 describe sb/sth to sb 向某人描述某人/某事物Can you describe your family?你能描述一下你的家庭情况吗? If you have time, you can describe the football match to the children.你如果有时间,可以给孩子们描述足球比赛的情况。 拓展 description〔名词〕描述 the description of的描述 Will you please give me the description of the picture?请你给我描述一下这幅画好吗? 知识点23:My opinion 我的看法 opinion〔名词〕看法,想法 in one's opinion 依……看 Students have different opinions about doing house-work.关于做家务,学生们有不同的看法。 In my opinion, you should communicate better with your parents.在我看来,你应该更好地和你父母沟通一下。 知识点24:He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble.他喜爱玩乐且很勇敢,尽管他经常惹麻烦。 though〔连词〕尽管though可引导让步状语从句,与 although用法相同。 Though/Although it was raining, we went there.虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。 重点语法详解 疑问词加动词不定式 ①“疑问词+不定式”结构:动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用,构成不定式短语,相当于一个宾语从句,在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等,或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如: What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式:“not/never+to+动词原形”,有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略:在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中,动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复,在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等,短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 注意点 ① 若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词,需要加上后面的介词。 e.g. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. I don’t know who to turn to for help when I have problems. ② 原则上说,why后不接不定式: 误:Kitty explained why to be late for school. 正:Kitty explained why she was late for school. 不过若不定式不带to,则可用why。 e.g.: Why not go there at once?  Why argue with her?  但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来,不用于谈论过去。 误:Why not clean the room yesterday? 正:Why didn't you clean the room yesterday? (3) how用于该结构的注意点: 有些动词后接“how+不定式”作宾语时,how可以省略: e.g.: Did you learn (how) to drive a car? 你学过开车吗? 但是,有些动词后面接“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语时,尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出,但不能将how省略。 e.g.: He knows how to play the piano. He showed her how to swim. (4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。 e.g.: He asked where he would go shopping after supper. =He asked where to go shopping after supper. 1.The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A.to talk B.will talk C.talks to D.to talk to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个小男孩看起来很伤心。他不知道该和谁说话。 考查非谓语动词。此处为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构,所以排除选项B和C;talk 为不及物动词,需接介词 to,可知排除A。故选 D。 2.I have learned it all by myself. That is to say nobody told me ________. A.what to do it B.how to do it C.where to do D.when to do 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我都是自学的。也就是说,没有人告诉我该怎么做。 考查疑问词+不定式。what to do it表述有误(it多余);how to do it如何做;where to do在哪里做;when to do什么时候做。根据“I have learned it all by myself. ”可知,自学即没人告诉自己该怎么做,how to do it符合语境。故选B。 3.Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机). A.how; survive B.how; survive in C.what; survive D.what; survive in 【答案】C 【详解】句意:托马斯・亚当斯不知道做什么来帮助他的口香糖公司度过经济危机。 考查疑问词和动词辨析。how如何;survive幸存,度过;survive in生存;what什么。根据“to help his chewing gum company”可知,第一空表示做什么来帮助公司,需用what to do表示;根据“economic crisis (危机).”可知,第二空表示度过危机。故选C。 4.— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A.when meeting B.when to meet C.where meeting D.where to meet 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你告诉你妈妈在哪里见你了吗?——是的,在学校门口。 考查非谓语动词和疑问词辨析。when meeting当见面时;when to meet什么时候见面;where meeting在哪里见面;where to meet在哪里见面。根据答语“at the school gate”可知,此处是询问见面的地点,所以用where,且空格处是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。故选D。 5.I’m sorry for being late. I totally forget _________, so I get up one hour late. A.when to meet B.where to meet C.when shall we meet D.where shall we meet 【答案】A 【详解】句意:抱歉我迟到了。我完全忘了何时见面,所以晚起了一小时。 考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。forget后接宾语从句,要用陈述语序,排除C和D;根据“so I get up one hour late”可知,忘记的是时间。故选A。 二.单句语法填空 1.The old lady asked her son to teach her how (search) for information on the Internet. 【答案】to search 【详解】句意:这位老太太让她的儿子教她如何在网上搜索信息。how to do sth“如何做某事”,“疑问句+不定式”作宾语。故填to search。 2.Helen is thinking about which topic (choose) for her science project these days. 【答案】to choose 【详解】句意:这些天海伦正在考虑为她的科学项目选择哪个主题。分析句子结构,应该用“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构,因此填不定式,故填to choose。 3.In fact, Gulliver didn’t know how (get) away. 【答案】to get 【详解】句意:事实上,格列佛不知道如何离开。这里考查“疑问词 + 不定式”的用法(how to do sth.),表示“如何做某事”,故填to get。 4.He is so careless that he often forgets when (hand) in his report. 【答案】to hand 【详解】句意:他太粗心了,经常忘记什么时候交报告。根据“he often forgets when...in his report”可知,此处应填写“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,所以设空处填写动词hand的不定式形式。故填to hand。 5.Squirrels always like saving some food before winter comes. But they forget where (find) it at times. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意:松鼠总是喜欢冬天来临前储存一些食物。但是它们时不时会忘记在哪里能找到。根据题干“But they forget where”可知,此处疑问词+不定式结构作宾语。故填to find。 6.Everyone should know how (save) themselves when the fire breaks out. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意:火灾发生时,每个人都应该知道如何自救。此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”,作know的宾语。故填to save。 三.完成句子 1.你已经决定怎么处理这些书了吗? Have you decided with these books yet? 【答案】what to do 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处表示“怎样处理”这些书,可用“what to do with”来表达,空后已有with。故填what to do。 2.我父亲教会了我如何骑自行车。 My father ride a bike. 【答案】 taught me how to 【详解】teach“教”,动词,此处表示过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时,动词应用过去式;me“我”,作宾语;how to“如何”,为“疑问词+不定式”结构,作宾语。故填taught;me;how;to。 3.很多年轻人没有足够的耐心教他们的父母怎样使用智能手机。 Many young people aren’t smartphones. 【答案】patient enough to teach their parents how to use 【详解】patient enough to do sth“足够耐心做某事”,enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面,teach“教”,是动词,their parents“他们的父母”,how to use“如何使用”,故填patient enough to teach their parents how to use。 4.也许你的老师可以给你关于怎样处理这个问题的建议。 Maybe your teacher . 【答案】can give you advice on how to deal with this problem 【详解】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺少“可以给你关于怎样处理这个问题的建议”,can“可以”,是情态动词,后接动词原形give,you“你”,advice“建议”,是不可数名词,on“关于”,deal with“处理,应付”,此处是“疑问词+to do”的结构,how“怎样”,this problem“这个问题”,故填can give you advice on how to deal with this problem。 5.这个网上课程可以教你怎样订票和点餐。 The online course . 【答案】can teach you how to book tickets and order meals 【详解】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“可以教你怎样订票和点餐”;分析题干可知,此处考查teach sb. how to do sth.“教某人如何做某事”,为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语;can“可以”,后接动词原形;teach“教”,动词;you“你”,人称代词宾格,作间接宾语;how to book tickets and order meals“怎样订票和点餐”为直接宾语。故填can teach you how to book tickets and order meals。 must& have to must, have to的基本用法 (1)must表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定,意为“必须,应该”,表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。 ---- May I go to the cinema, Mum? ---- Certainly. But you must be back by 11 o’clock. These books mustn’t be taken out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (2)“must be+表语”表示猜测、可能性,一般只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,肯定”,表示可能性很大,语气比may肯定,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can’t,表示“不可能”。 There must be some mistakes. 肯定有一些错误。// You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你妈妈现在一定在等你 (3)回答must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要”的意思,不用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示禁止或不准,意思是“一定不要”,“不应该”,“不许可”,“不准”,“禁止”。如:---- Must I finish the work before five o’clock? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. (4)“have to”表示客观需要,意为“不得不、必须”,有人称、时态和数的变化,后跟动词原形。 She has to look after her little sister. 她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。 I have to do some washing. 我必须洗洗衣服。// I had to do my homework last night. 昨晚我不得不做作业。 (5)have to 的否定式和疑问式一般要借用助动词do的适当形式构成。have to 的否定式是don’t have to; has to 的否定式是doesn’t have to; had to 的否定式是didn’t have to。have to的疑问式同样也借用助动词do的相应形式构成。如:He doesn’t have to do the homework now. 他没有必要现在做作业。 ---- Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗? ---- Yes, you do.(No, you don’t have to.)是的,你必须去。(不,你不必。) We didn’t have to answer the question yesterday. 昨天我们没有必要回答这个问题。 (6)must 与 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 一般强调客观需要,它比must更含有客观条件迫使,必须这样做的意思。如:I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。(主观意愿) If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。(客观需要) 1.With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner, my mum ________ sweep the floor herself. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.doesn’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在iRobot地板清洁机的帮助下,我妈妈不必自己扫地。 考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;doesn’t have to不必。根据“With the help of an iRobot floor cleaner”可知,有了iRobot地板清洁机的帮助,妈妈“不必”自己扫地。故选D。 2.—Could you tell me how to renew the books? —You ________ come to our desk. Just renew them online. A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你能告诉我如何续借这些书吗?——你不必来我们的服务台。在网上续借就行了。 考查情态动词辨析。don’t have to不必;mustn’t不得;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Just renew them online.”可知,可以在网上续借书籍,因此不必亲自来服务台。故选A。 3.You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A.must B.mustn’t C.have to D.don’t have to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:你不必每次去图书馆都带学生证,但记得带上借书证。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须;mustn’t禁止;have to不得不;don’t have to不必。根据“You…bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card.”可知,此处指不必每次去图书馆都带学生证。故选D。 4.在家里,老师们不得不习惯和学生们在线交流。 Teachers have online at home. 【答案】to get used to chatting with students 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“不得不习惯……”,其英文表达为have to get used to doing sth.“不得不习惯于做某事”,此句还缺少了“和学生们在线交流”,其英文表达为“chat with students”,此时动词chat应用动名词形式chatting。故填to get used to chatting with students。 5.如果你想把这些书借更长时间,你得续借。 If you want to the books , you renew them. 【答案】 keep longer have to 【详解】“借……更长时间”keep...longer,want to do sth“想要做某事”;“得”have to,时态是一般现在时,主语是you,谓语动词用原形。故填keep;longer;have;to。 写作详解 本单元的主题是“一本好读物”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型写一篇与书籍或阅读有关的书面表达。与此相关的写作维度有:①介绍一本喜欢的书;②谈论自己对阅读的看法。   中考书面表达与此相关的命题形式有很多,如给报社投稿、发表演讲和经验分享等。一般要介绍的主要内容有:对某本书或某个故事的看法、对读书的见解等。 写作实例   为了响应国家全民阅读的号召,你校将举办以“My Favourite Book”为主题的英语读书日。假如你是李华,请根据下面的通知和要求,并结合自身实际,用英文介绍自己最喜欢的一本书。要求:1.词数不少于100,开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Notice   Our school will hold an English Reading Day. What book  have you read? Who is your favourite character? And why do  you like this book?   Share with us! My Favourite Book   I'm Li Hua. I'm very glad to share my favourite book with you. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文    2.时态:一般现在时    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①one of the... ……之一  ②get over克服  ③give up放弃  ④as long as只要 ⑤It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China.它是中国四大名著之一。 ⑥It is such an interesting book that I lose myself in it.这本书太有趣了,以至于我完全沉浸其中。 ①be popular among... 在……中受欢迎  ②be aware of 意识到  ③be crazy about热爱 ④from that day on从那天起  ⑤an extract from... ……的一段摘录   ⑥fall asleep入睡 ⑦Some praise it, while others call it unreadable.有些人称赞它,而另一些人则称其难以理解。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 My Favourite Book I'm Li Hua. I'm very glad to share my favourite book with you. My favourite book is Journey to the West. It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China. It was written by Wu Cheng'en, who was a great writer in ancient China. The story tells us about four main characters. They are Tang Monk, the Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy. They get over many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally, they make it.   The Monkey King is my favourite character. He is so smart and brave that he can protect his master and brothers well. He never gives up when he faces difficulties and challenges.   It is such an interesting book that I lose myself in it. It tells me that as long as I never give up, I can achieve everything. (24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期中)我们日常的课本学习不仅能学到知识,而且也会改善我们的生活习惯。只要我们有一颗上进心,就一定会带来很大的变化。请根据下面表格提供的信息,以“My Changes”为题用英语写一篇短文,向同学介绍你的变化并简要说明理由。 过去 1.花很多时间打游戏;2.讨厌看书;3.不知道选读什么类的书 现在 1.喜欢旅行;2.爱好看书;3.最喜欢看……书 原因 1.旅游帮助你了解世界,享受自然之美 2.读书帮助你…… 要求: 1、注意语句通顺,条理清晰; 2、词数90左右,必须包括表格中所有的相关信息,省略号部分适当发挥; 3、文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名等。 My Changes ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Changes In the past, I often spent a lot of time playing computer games. I didn’t like reading at all. What’s more, I didn’t know what kind of books to read, either. But now I have changed a lot. I love travelling. I have been to many places of interest, such as Hong Kong Disneyland and Sydney Opera House. I also like reading. I think reading is an important part of my life. So I spend more than seven hours a week reading different types of books. I am interested in history books, but I like novels best. I hope more and more students love travelling and reading. Travelling can help us understand the world and enjoy the beauty of nature. And reading can not only make us get knowledge but also open up a new world to us. Good books are good friends. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇材料作文; ②时态:一般过去时和一般现在时; ③提示:内容要点已给出,考生应按要求进行写作,不可遗漏任何信息提示,适当添加细节,使行文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步,介绍过去的情况; 第二步,介绍现在的情况,重点突出“改变”; 第三步,讲述改变的原因。 [亮点词汇] ① in the past 在过去 ② spend time doing 花费时间做某事 ③ what’s more 而且 ④ have been to 曾经去过 ⑤ be interested in 对……感兴趣 ⑥ open up a new world 开启新世界 [高分句型] ① I think reading is an important part of my life. (省略that的宾语从句) ② And reading can not only make us get knowledge but also open up a new world to us. (“not only...but also...”的固定结构) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 A good read 单元复习(单词、词汇拓展、短语、句子、知识点、语法、写作)-2025-2026学年新译林版英语八年级下册同步单元复习
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Unit 4 A good read 单元复习(单词、词汇拓展、短语、句子、知识点、语法、写作)-2025-2026学年新译林版英语八年级下册同步单元复习
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Unit 4 A good read 单元复习(单词、词汇拓展、短语、句子、知识点、语法、写作)-2025-2026学年新译林版英语八年级下册同步单元复习
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