专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编）高一英语下学期人教版

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） People from all over the world have different wedding traditions and marriage customs. The one thing that all wedding ceremonies commonly seem to have is the commitment (承诺) of love for all time during a public ceremony. Everyone at a wedding hopes for great happiness between the wedding couple. Wedding traditions are usually a way of showing signs of the hope for great happiness. Some of these traditions are very interesting. In Sweden, the traditional bride will wear three rings by the end of the wedding ceremony. The first is the engagement (订婚) ring that she entered the ceremony with. The second, the wedding ring, is added to the first. A final ring, however, is added as well. This ring is known as the “motherhood” ring. This is said to show that marriage is about more than just love. It is about building a family. Wedding traditions in the Philippines, a dance which can last for hours. During the Philippines, guests pin (用大头针别住) money to the bride’s dress to pay for their honeymoon. A traditional Irish bride may wear a blue wedding dress — believing blue to be a lucky color. English Lavender (薰衣草) is often mixed with her wedding flowers. It is traditional for the bride to braid her hair (梳头发) — as it is considered a good way to bring luck to the new couple. There are many wedding traditions around the world which may differ from what they are used to, but if you are about to plan a wedding, you may find it interesting to include some of these traditions in your own wedding. 1. What do all wedding ceremonies seem to have in common? A. The commitment of love for all time. B. Happiness between the wedding couple. C. An interesting life. D. Building a happy family. 2. In Sweden, the traditional bride’s first ring shows ________. A. the duties of the new couple B. the great love between the new couple C. she entered the ceremony with D. the bride will be not only a wife but also a mother 3. In the Philippines, the new couple paid for their honeymoon with the money from ________. A. the bride B. the bridegroom C. their parents D. visiting guests 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The reason for different wedding traditions. B. Interesting wedding traditions from different countries. C. The way to prepare for a wedding ceremony. D. Interesting engagement traditions around the world. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田·期中） Today, the imagination of going somewhere in a car with no one in the driver’s seat has come true. However, the self-driving cars still ask a human to be ready to take over driving if needed. Known as autonomous cars, they can make going anywhere much more convenient. The adults often spend more than 300 hours behind the wheel each year. Self-driving cars could give them that time back. In addition, autonomous cars may possibly transform what a car is and how it works. Think about it. With no need for a driver, does there need a driver’s seat or a steering wheel? Self-driving cars could have sofas, beds or even an entire kitchen. Passengers could sit and talk with one another face to face or go to sleep at the start of a drive and wake up in a new place. The inside of a car could also be an office, hair salon, or personal gym. Suddenly, cars are much more than just a way to get from one place to another. But a future of cars driving themselves around city streets with no one inside is still years away. That’s because the technology behind autonomous vehicles is still imperfect. The cameras and other systems that self-driving cars use to guide themselves have trouble “seeing” the road in bad weather or heavy traffic. They also have difficulty dealing with different kinds of roads. The road signs, and turns of a highway are very different from those of a neighborhood road. So, at least for a while, there will still need to be a human driver ready to take the wheel in self-driving cars. 1. What can be learned about self-driving cars from paragraph l and 2? A. They can replace electric cars. B. They need monthly system update. C. They need human control sometimes. D. They lengthen the adults’ driving time. 2. What may be changed by autonomous cars? A. Communication manner. B. People’s body clocks. C. The in-car human activities. D. People’s methods of driving. 3. What prevents self-driving cars from city streets? A. The unclear signs of highways. B. Their inability to avoid traffic jam. C. Their disadvantage in cleaning up the cameras. D. The technology behind the cars is not perfect yet. 4. What does the text mainly talk about self-driving cars? A. The bright future. B. The real imagination. C. The present situation. D. The unsolved problems. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the “decline of class” and “classless society” in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification (分层). One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated” and “soft”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as “common” and “ugly”. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song “Common People” puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live like common people” they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 1. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. A. many people think it is time to end class distinction B. most people think they belong to middle class C. people consider themselves socially different D. it is hard to recognize a person’s class 2. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as ________. A. regional B. unattractive C. prejudiced D. educated 3. British attitudes towards accent ________. A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. haven’t changed in recent years 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The middle class is expanding. B. A person’s accent reflects his class. C. Class is a key part of British society. D. Each class has unique characteristics. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·广东化州·期中） When you think of diversity (多样性), what do you think of? To some it means a place where all are included, a place where you can be who you are without worry. But what does it mean in schools? We took a closer look. When we asked students at our school about diversity, the responses were extremely positive. Younger students, while often unsure of the exact definition, confidently described our school as inclusive (包容的). A Year 2 student explained diversity as “everyone treating each other as equals.” Most students expressed how diversity makes them feel happy, proud of who they are, and comfortable being themselves. To us, diversity means feeling comfortable, being who you are in a space that makes you feel good about your unique self. It is no secret that diversity has changed a lot in the last five years, but we wanted to know exactly how much it has evolved (进化). We asked Year 5 and 6 students their opinion on the topic and we received very varied responses. Some said it hasn’t changed that much, and we have always been a truly diverse school, but others responded saying that in the last few years, they have noticed an increase in people feeling more comfortable being themselves. We also touched base with some of the teachers, who were able to give us more information on the topic. They agreed that events like Harmony Day and Diversity Day have created opportunities for teachers and students to discuss and celebrate the differences that make the school unique. One teacher said diversity has grown over time and continues to play an important role in making our school as welcoming and inclusive as it is. Another added: “Diversity is all around us and it is great to see students being themselves. After all, diversity is for everyone.” 1. What did a Year 2 student say about diversity? A. It means being happy. B. It means being proud. C. It means self-acceptance. D. It means equal treatment. 2. What does the underlined phrase “touched base with” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Talked to. B. Agreed with. C. Came across. D. Responded to. 3. Why do teachers think Harmony Day is important? A. It makes students happy. B. It helps build self-confidence. C. It promotes diversity discussion. D. It strengthens teacher-student relationship. 4. What can we infer about the school’s atmosphere about diversity? A. Diversity is only celebrated during special events. B. The school is actively working to include everyone. C. Students are encouraged to hide their differences. D. The school focuses on students’ grades. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·河南长垣·期中） More than half of Beijing’s adult single children don’t want to have two kids, even though the national policy allows them to do so. The country’s family planning policy of the late 1970s restricted(限制)urban families from having more than one child to control population growth. However, a new survey shows 52 percent of those now-grown-up single children, who are allowed to have two children, do not want a second child. Beijing has about 2 million only-child adults. More than 1,100 people from only-child families, aging 20 to 34, were polled(对……进行民意测验). Only 24 percent of them said they would like to have two children. More than a quarter of them would choose a “DINK”(double income, no kids)lifestyle. Survey figures showed that respondents with a basic education wanted 1.1 children on average, those with a bachelor degree wanted 1.3, and those with masters or higher degrees wanted 1.5 children. “Beijing has had a super low birth rate—less than 1.3 children in a family on average for nearly 20 years, causing increasing pressure on the country’s aging population,” Hou Yafei, a professor with the institute, said. Hou said that the top four factors that determined people’s desires to have children were “income, child care, housing and policy conditions”. “The government should encourage couples from one-child families to have a second child and should provide better welfare services,” Hou said. The survey also found that people with higher education backgrounds want to have more children because they are more confident about their future. To promote a higher population growth rate, some provincial governments have relaxed rules and allowed more people to have more than one child. In Shanghai, the death rate has exceeded the birth rate for more than 10 years, and less than 30 percent of only-child couples have had a second child. 1. What is this passage mainly about? A. Beijing has kept a super low birth rate for 20 years. B. Most Beijing only-child couples just want one child. C. The country’s family planning policy should be stopped. D. The government allows people to have more than one child. 2. How many only-child adults in Beijing want to have a ”DINK“lifestyle? A. About 500,000. B. About 400,000. C. About 300,000. D. About 200,000. 3. Which is a key factor affecting people’s willingness to have children? A. Earnings. B. Ages. C. Parents care. D. Schooling policy. 4. What might the author agree with? A. The birth rate in Shanghai will increase soon. B. The government has taken steps to change the situation. C. The country’s family planning policy aims to help live longer. D. People with lower education backgrounds want to have more kids. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·河北宁晋·期中） Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children. First, music is good for children’s intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music. Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today’s children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children’s health. Luckily，listening to music can help them feel better. Music can improve children’s moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don’t take interest in their surroundings. In such cases，a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them. Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures. Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music. 1. By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show . A. Children should listen to music B. Why adults should listen to music C. Listening to music is only good for adults D. Why scientists are interested in music 2. What does the underlined word “impairs” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. shows. B. changes. C. improves. D. harms. 3. The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means . A. understanding foreign cultures better B. learning languages better C. accepting the fast developing world easily D. showing greater interest in other cultures 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Why do Children Love Music? B. How to Choose Music for Children C. Why is Music Important to Children? D. How to Teach Children Music Easily Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） Doctors in hospital emergency rooms (急诊室) often see accidental poisonings (中毒). A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisonings. In cases like these, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it. Millions of people know how to give abdominal thrusts (腹部按压) to save a person choking on something trapped in the throat. The American Red Cross says a rescuer should first hit the person on the back five times between the shoulder bones. If the airway is still blocked, the Red Cross suggests pushing hard five times along the victim’s abdomen. You can do these abdominal thrusts by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. The Mayo Clinic health centres suggest several steps if bleeding is severe. First, if possible, remove dirt from the wound and press on it with a clean cloth or piece of clothing. In the past, people were advised to stop severe bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带). But experts now say tourniquets are dangerous because they can crush (挤压) major arteries and nerves. If a wound seems infected, let the victim rest. Physical activity can spread the infection. Treat the wound with a mixture of salt and water until medical help arrives. To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or an organisation like a Red Cross or a Red Crescent Society for information. Training may be offered in your area. 1. Which of the following is NOT the cause of accidental poisonings? A. A harmful medicine. B. A cleaning liquid. C. Dangerous pesticide. D. Poisonous insects. 2. What does the underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Coming out. B. Taking up. C. Going away. D. Getting down. 3. Where can you learn more about first aid? A. A hospital or Red Cross. B. A hospital or magazine. C. A Red Cross or patient. D. A Red Crescent Society or book. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） I will not go on about the causes of sunburn because you probably already know. If you get sunburn, you may be feeling a bit embarrassed about it. Once you have sunburn, the damage is done. So try the following ways to ease the discomfort. Cool it down by taking a bath or shower. Keep the water and room temperature warm, especially for children as they may easily feel cold. Some people like to add 1/2 cup of baking soda to the bath water. This may help reduce your pain. You could also place a wet and cool cloth on the burnt area for about 15 minutes. Do that several times a day. Apply moisture(润肤膏). You can choose some cream that makes your skin not that dry. Apply aloe, either the plant form or gel. Aloe contains active things that help reduce pain. Over the next few days, the skin may peel脱皮) This is the body’s way of eliminating the dead skin, so keep using such cream to help make your skin comfortable. Leave any blisters(水泡)complete. This helps speed healing and avoid infection as burst blisters can easily get infected. You can cover blisters to protect them if needed and definitely do not wear clothing that will cause friction(摩擦) as this can “pop” the blisters. Damaging the blisters can, and probably will cause more pain with rubbing on soft skin and also cause infection. Give pain relief if needed. The medicine aspirin is not recommended for children. At this point, the person may not be comfortable, so do not make it worse by applying something that can prevent healing and increase or lock in the heat under the skin, therefore causing more burn damage. See doctor if: * it covers a large part of the body or is severe in nature. * there is a high fever, chills, rash, nausea, and severe pain. * feeling faint or dizzy, rapid pulse or quick breathing. * extreme thirst, little or no urine output or sunken eyes. 1. Why do some people use baking soda after getting sunburn? A. To help prevent disease. B. To feel better in this way. C. To avoid getting cold. D. To reduce the burnt area. 2. What does the underlined word “eliminating ”in Paragraph 3 mean？ A. Protecting. B. Covering C. Improving D. Removing. 3. What does the author consider important after getting sunburn？ A. Avoiding breaking blisters. B. Going to see doctor immediately. C. Taking medicine to avoid infection. D. Preventing the skin from developing blisters. 4. What is the text mainly about？ A. Things to help treat sunburn B. The common causes of sunburn. C. Ways to deal with sunburn. D. Methods to deal with blisters properly. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·广东佛山南海区·期中） In an age where digital products are everywhere, the term “screen time” has been discussed widely. Screen time seems easy to understand: It’s simply the time spent on digital products. But grouping all digital activities together misses how different types of screen use affect people. In our research, we divide screen time into four broad groups: educational use, work-related use, social interaction and entertainment. And we study how they relate to health outcomes such as stress, depression and loneliness. Screen use has both benefits and drawbacks, depending on how and why it is used. Online classes may improve problem-solving skills, but screen-based learning often contributes to poorer memory. Workplace screen time increases productivity through working together online, but using it too long may lead to stress. Similarly, screen use for social connection helps people interact with others, which can improve health outcomes, but endless social media scrolling (滚屏) can bring social comparison and loneliness. Likewise, while screen use for entertainment provides relaxation and stress relief, too much screen use may reduce well-being by limiting time for other meaningful activities. Screen time affects people differently based on factors like mood, social setting, and family environment. Your emotions before and during screen use can shape your experience. Positive interactions can lift your mood, while loneliness might deepen with certain online activities. The social context (情境) of screen use also matters. Watching a movie with family strengthen relationships, while using screens alone can increase feelings of loneliness, especially when it replaces face-to-face interactions. Family influence plays a role, too. For example, parents’ screen habits affect their children’s screen behavior, and planned parental guidance can help reduce overuse. Therefore, understanding screen use requires a more specific method than tracking the amount of time people spend on their screens. For policymakers, this means making rules that move beyond one-size-fits-all limits. The rules should match different activities and each person’s needs. For the rest of us, this awareness encourages a digital diet that balances online and offline activities for happiness. 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The effects of screen use in various situations. B. The challenges of screen use in everyday tasks. C. The influences of digital products on people’s habits. D. The differences between online and offline activities. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Family activities will replace screen time. B. Frequent screen use will bring bad feelings. C. Social setting will affect screen time outcomes. D. Parental habits will reduce children’s screen use. 3. What does the author suggest policymakers do? A. Control online activities. B. Limit people’s screen time. C. Promote an offline lifestyle. D. Apply personalized digital rules. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·广东佛山南海区·期中） Imagine you’ve planned a wonderful trip for your family. But rather than being excited, your kids complain about missing an after-school club meeting at a neighbor’s house. Missing the event causes such intense FOMO (fear of missing out) that they don’t want to go on your amazing trip. If this kind of situation sounds familiar, you’re not alone. A recent study finds that FOMO often arises when people miss events with meaningful social connections. It’s not about the dinner or the food - it’s about missing the chance to connect with people who matter to you. Being left out can make you feel disconnected, even worried about losing your status (地位) in the group. Researchers conducted a series of experiments to find simple ways to reduce FOMO. In one experiment, 788 participants were asked to look through their social media until they saw a post of a missed social event. The researchers asked half of these participants to immediately describe how much FOMO they were feeling. The rest followed the same steps, except that before expressing how much FOMO they were feeling, they were asked to think back to a previous experience socializing with their friends. Encouragingly, there was a significant drop in the level of FOMO they reported. Therefore, missing out on social bonding experiences doesn’t have to be anxiety-provoking. In fact, in our activity-packed lives, missing some “must-attend” events may be a welcome relief -especially if you remind yourself that your place with your friends is safe, which has led to a recent wave called JOMO, or “Joy of Missing Out”. According to Stuart Smalley, the self-help expert of a 1990s TV show “Saturday Night Live”, reminding yourself that “I’m good enough, I’m smart enough and people like me!” might be just the trick to lessen FOMO. 1. What may cause FOMO according to the study? A. The absence from fun activities. B. The missing of social connections. C. The change of planned events. D. The misunderstanding of parents. 2. What helps to reduce FOMO in the experiment? A. Reducing time on social media. B. Raising status in the society. C. Recalling moments with friends. D. Describing the level of FOMO. 3. Why does the author mention Stuart Smalley in the last paragraph? A. To offer a way to reduce FOMO. B. To introduce a famous TV show. C. To explain the origin of the concept. D. To show the development of science. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Feeling FOMO: Causes of Social Anxiety B. Choosing JOMO: Benefits of Missing Out C. Exploring FOMO: Comparing it with JOMO D. Practicing JOMO: Learning to Overcome FOMO 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州·期中） The Earth is already 1.1 degrees Celsius hotter than it was 150 years ago. Though a half-degree Celsius difference in temperature increase might seem unimportant, the difference for life on Earth could be huge. Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space. It’s the size of Germany—a biodiversity hot spot that was once thought to be too big to fail. But over the last few decades, marine（海洋的）biologists like Hoegh-Guldberg have watched its rapid decline. Oceans are warming along with the atmosphere, since they absorb much of the excess heat from climate change. Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off. “Something around 50% of the shallow water corals were killed literally over a couple of months, in some cases over a couple of weeks,” Hoegh-Guldberg says. “If you extend that out into the future, we’ll get to a point where the damage overwhelms the ability of corals to bounce back. ” Marine heat waves have already doubled in number since 1980 and are expected to become more intense as temperatures rise. At 1.5 degrees Celsius, it’s likely that 70% to 90% of coral reefs will die off worldwide. At 2 degrees Celsius of warming, 99% are lost. “If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem. ” Hoegh-Guldberg adds. 1. What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef? A. It is supposed to never disappear. B. It used to be indescribably massive. C. It is too large to be seen from space. D. It is growing over the last few decades. 2. What are the effects of rising temperatures? A. Changes in the shape of coral. B. Increasing risk of coral death. C. Growing coral recovery capacity. D. Abundant food sources of corals. 3. What does the underlined word “decisively” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Decidedly. B. Gradually. C. Constantly. D. Regularly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The temperature affects the life. B. Climate change causes warming oceans. C. Coral reefs face almost complete die-off. D. Extreme heat waves double greatly in number. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏如皋·期中） Electric vehicles (EVs) are a strong weapon in the world’s efforts against global warming. But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows. The Radiant Energy Group (REG) compared gas emissions caused by a gasoline vehicle and from charging an electric vehicle. The study compared the emissions (排放) caused by charging a Tesla Model 3 to drive 100 kilometers with the emissions coming from an average gasoline car driven the same distance. Countries where charging an electric vehicle is cleaner than driving a gasoline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric, nuclear or solar power. Sales of electric cars are rising the fastest in Europe. Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal. In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions. The carbon gas reduction depends on what energy supplies electricity systems and the time of day vehicles are charged. The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power. An EV driver in Germany reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent over a gasoline car. Germany uses a mix of renewable energy and coal to produce electricity. Germany and Spain create a lot of electricity from the sun and wind. But the sun and wind do not add to a country’s electricity system equally throughout the day. For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day it is being charged. Charging in the afternoon, when there is more sun and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night when electricity systems are more likely to be using gas or coal. Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. U. S. car manufacturer General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022. 1. We can learn from Para. 8 that ________. A. the availability of charging stations is the key factor in EV adoption B. the cost of EVs is the most significant barrier to their widespread adoption C. the time of day when EVs are charged can greatly affect their carbon footprint D. the type of battery used in EVs has a big impact on their overall carbon emissions 2. According to REG’s study, what caused the different results in carbon emission? A. The limited coverage of national power system. B. The different energy sources for EV charging. C. The varying time of day when EVs are sold. D. The lack of charging stations in rural areas. 3. What’s the attitude of automakers like General Motors towards EVs? A. Unconcerned. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Puzzled. 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The Global Shift to Electric Vehicle Adoption. B. The Economics of Electric Vehicle Ownership C. The Future of Renewable Energy in Automobiles. D. The Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·安徽合肥·期中） A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB. Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somehow surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB. There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Negative. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 2. What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B. To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C. To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D. To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3. Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A. Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B. Because they were all found at almost the same time. C. Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D. Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4. What does the last sentence imply? A. Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B. It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C. Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D. It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） If you’ve ever cooked a complex meal with someone, you know the level of cooperation required. American researchers recently showed that in a virtual kitchen, artificial intelligence (AI) learned how to cooperate with a human just by watching humans work together. There are some ways researchers have already trained AI to work with people. Many approaches involve reinforcement learning, where an AI interacts with an environment online — which can include other AIs or humans — and is rewarded for making decisions that lead to desired outcomes. Google Deep Mind’s program Alpha Go, for example, learned the board game Go using reinforcement learning. But starting training an AI from zero to interact with people through complete trial and error can waste a lot of time and can be risky. Another choice is to train one AI to model human behavior, and then use that as a tireless human replacement for another AI to learn to interact with. Researchers have used this method in a simple game. But repeating human behavior in more complex settings can be difficult. Thus in the study, researchers used offline reinforcement learning — a method for developing strategies by analyzing recorded behavior rather than through real-time interaction. Previously, offline reinforcement learning had been used mostly to help virtual robots move or to help AIs solve mazes (迷宫), but here it was applied to the tricky problem of working with humans. Instead of learning by interacting with people, this AI learned by watching human interactions. “The research work introduces a way for AI to learn to team up with humans, without even practicing with us. It could help improve human-AI interactions.” Says Nikolaidis, director of a lab. In the future, humans will increasingly work with AI, both online and in the physical world. Sometimes we’ll want an AI to silently guide our choices and strategies, like a good teammate who knows our weaknesses. “It solves an important problem — how AI can learn to work with people.” says Nikolaidis. 1. What is the function of reinforcement learning in the passage? A. It’s how AI learned to work with people B. It’s how researchers helped AI learn cooking. C. It’s how Google Deep Mind developed AlphaGo. D. It’s how AI got rewards for making correct choices. 2. What is the advantage of offline reinforcement learning? A. It relies on real-time interaction. B. It helps AI learn by interacting with people. C. It takes less time and has less danger. D. It is realized through mistakes and corrections. 3. What is AI expected to do in the future? A. To cook a complex meal on its own. B. To point out our weaknesses directly. C. To offer voiceless guidance sometimes. D. To solve difficult problems for humans. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. AI learns cooperation by practicing. B. AI learns cooking from humans. C. AI learns cooking without humans’ help. D. AI learns teamwork by watching humans. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期中） A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems. In a city near Tokyo, they tested an Al system for a year. They wanted to help teachers find students who are having a hard time. In Japan, more and more kids are not going to school for a long time. In 2022, almost 300,000 kids didn’t go to school for 30 days or more. The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied. The system then uses past data (数据) to see how likely it is that a student will stop going to school. It gives each student a color, from red (highest risk) to yellow (lowest risk). In the test, the program said 1,193 students were at high risk. Teachers decided that 265 of them needed help right away. To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测). They also told parents they could say no to using their kids’ data. Only important people in the school, like headmasters, could see the results. “By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education. “But we have to think really hard about keeping their data safe by telling them clearly why and how we use their information,” she also said. 1. What is the main purpose of using AI in the Japanese city? A. To improve students’ scores. B. To study students’ health conditions. C. To make bullying problems happen less in schools. D. To find students at risk of not attending school. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The job of school nurses. B. How the AI system checks kids’ health. C. The main focus of the AI system. D. Why students need better education. 3. How did the city protect students’ information? A. Make strict rules about data using. B. Hide all the data after testing. C. Give up using their real information. D. Send the result only to their parents. 4. What is Makiko Nakamuro’s attitude towards the AI system? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Anxious. D. Confused. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建厦门·期中） Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model. “Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste. When they do have waste, even if minimal, they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that’s then used across the Walt Disney World property. They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce, prepared, but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated. Disney also works with pig farmers when they can’t distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that. Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft. Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year, plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis. They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food, but an appreciation for nature. 1. Where did Michael Gonsalves’ idea about cuisine come from? A. His mom’s suggestions. B. His dream of becoming a chef. C. His interest in delicious food. D. His labor experience as a child. 2. How are the ingredients dealt with in Golden Oak? A. They are grilled to eat. B. They are used to the fullest. C. They are divided into groups. D. They are selected by quality. 3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Give examples about zero waste. B. Introduce the unique habit of wildlife. C. Stress the importance of natural food. D. Explain the operation mode of the food bank. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Disney World:New Cuisine Road B. Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef C. Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity D. Disney World:Pioneer in Environmental Protection 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建厦门·期中） “You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time. Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses. For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement. The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics -- in particular, related to failure -- are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests. Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation. 1. Which of the following is an example of process response? A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood. C. What works well for your study? D. Why are you such a math genius? 2. What can be inferred from the study results? A. Parents prefer to give more process responses. B. Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety. C. Process responses help with children’s math achievement. D. Person responses can discourage children from learning math. 3. What do researchers advise parents to do? A. Restrict person responses. B. Defend their own beliefs. C. Stress children’s performance. D. Ignore children’s math problems. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps B. The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters C. Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance D. Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期中） Music can make us feel all sorts of different emotions. There might be a certain song that reminds you of a time of your life-a particular day or moment. Maybe it’s the song that was playing when you met your partner, or when you last saw your best friend. But according to new research, music may be able to do more than just bring back memories — it could even affect the way we remember the past. Researchers in the US did an experiment in which test subjects were asked to memorize a number of short stories that were described as “emotionally neutral (中性的).” A day later, the subjects were asked to think about these stories while listening to positive music, unpleasant music or silence. They also had MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) to measure their brain activity while listening and thinking about the stories. Then the next day, they were asked to think back the stories without listening to any music. The researchers found that when people were thinking about the stories and listening to emotional music, they were more likely to add new “emotional parts” into the story that matched the music. For example, if they were listening to positive music when thinking back the story, they were more likely to remember the story in a positive way, even when they thought back the story later and the music was not playing. The researchers also saw increased activity in the parts of test subjects’ brains connected with emotional memory processing while people were listening to music and thinking about the stories. The research team said this may explain why music connected with an important life event can feel so powerful when we listen to it again later. They also said the idea of using music to influence memories could be useful for helping people with things like depression (抑郁). 1. How did the researchers get their findings? A. By doing mental tests. B. By making comparisons. C. By referring to historical records. D. By recording subjects’ daily activities. 2. What did the MRI scans show about subjects’ brain activity? A. Music decreased brain activity related to memory. B. Brain activity was not related to the type of music. C. Silence had the greatest effect on memory processing. D. Emotional music increased activity in emotional memory areas. 3. What possible application did the researchers suggest for using music to affect memories? A. Promoting musical skills. B. Improving students’ studies. C. Helping people with depression. D. Reducing the effects of aging. 4. In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the passage? A. Scientific Observation. B. Music Education. C. Art Appreciation. D. Internet Technology. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东济南·期中） Dreaming appears to have little connection to work. However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled (回忆), people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work. The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5,000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study. “An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions. For example, we arrive at work shortly after interacting with our loved ones who have passed away, narrowly escaping or performing arts of amazing ability.” Belinda, the chief of the study, said. “These experiences bleed into and affect our waking lives, including how productive we are at work.” Assume you recall an awe-inspiring dream in the morning, and then later in the afternoon, your boss tells you to conduct 10 more interviews than you were expecting to do. You might now think that it’s not that big a deal because your awe-inspiring dream just puts everything into perspective. You have a greater realization that there’s a bigger world out there and you’re just part of it. “So, get a good night’s sleep for waking wonder!” Belinda added. Studies show that dreams appear. in all stages of sleep and are impactful. However, the most vivid dreams—those most likely to have meaning and create waking wander—appear during REM sleep. Because REM sleep takes place late in a given sleep cycle (循环), getting enough and high-quality sleep will help you get the most out of your dreams. Sleep tracking devices can show when and how much time you spend in REM sleep, which help improve sleep schedules to increase the chance of having awe-inspiring dreams. For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work. 1. What is paragraph 2 intended to explain? A. Why a dream is recorded. B. How the study is conducted. C. What the study revealed. D. Who joined in the research. 2. Which is an awe-inspiring dream according to paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Failing a tough test. B. Meeting with strangers. C. Saving people like a superman. D. Being stuck in a traffic accident. 3. What does the last paragraph recommend? A. Sleep-tracking study. B. Quality sleep. C. Waking wonder. D. Healthy living habits. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Dreams can be channeled for productivity. B. Dreams impact all sleep stages. C. Dreams contribute to one’s mental health. D. Dreams are attracting greater attention worldwide. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） One way to prevent anxiety from getting out of control is to recognize its benefits. It is a mistake to think that we’ d make better decisions if only we keep our feelings under control. Instead, a mix of feelings like anxiety and logical (合逻辑的) thinking leads to sound decision-making. It’s true that there is plenty of research showing that higher levels of anxiety can make us more likely to avoid risks in our decision-making. There is also evidence that anxiety can increase the attention you pay to relevant information. Recent studies have shown that people who are anxious about their relationship (for example, they fear to be abandoned) tend to be better at recognising people who tell lies and are more likely to raise the alarm when danger is present. In the real world though, it’s worth realising that feeling anxious once in a while is extremely common. It communicates to others that you care, and what’s more, it’s probably a sign that you are intelligent. At least two published studies have identified that people who score higher on measures of anxiety also tend to perform better on intelligence tests. This seems reasonable: if you’re a thinker, you are sure to be always thinking about the future and imagine possible plots, including bad ones. The important thing, if you are a worrywart (杞人忧天者), is not to let your fear destroy your dreams. And don’t bury your head in the sand. Instead, act on your fears — do the research as well as preparation, so rather than walking blindly into that which you fear, you meet the challenge in full readiness. When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem. No one is denying that. But like everyday anxiety of this kind that you feel before a presentation or interview, you needn’t see it as your enemy. Anxiety is an important feeling, developed through evolution. As for people who are fairly anxious by nature, there is reason for cheer, too. Your nerves (神经紧张) are a sign of your watchfulness. Listen to them and act on them. Then you can turn your nervousness into your advantage. 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph about anxiety? A. It can enable us to be more focused. B. It can stop us from thinking logically C. It can make us more willing to take risks. D. It can be the only reason for all bad decisions. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. Anxious people are less sensitive to danger. B. Anxious people have difficulty discovering liars. C. Feeling anxious is more likely to put people at risk. D. Feeling anxious occasionally is a sign of intelligence. 3. How should we deal with anxiety in the author’s opinion? A. Regard it as our enemy. B. Take action to control it. C. Avoid being defeated by it. D. Treat it as a minor feeling. 4. What is the theme of the passage? A. Effective ways to prevent anxiety. B. Unexpected benefits of anxiety C. Tips on how to keep a good mood. D. Common misunderstandings about anxiety. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川眉山东坡区·期中） Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days. But the researchers are trying to help them: it is a controlled experiment that reveals how high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency of their feeding. With no wind, the bees on average took nectar (花蜜) from 5.45 flowers during their 90-second time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell to an average of 3.73 flowers. Researchers also examined the indirect impact of higher winds by moving the flowers. The findings reveal that, while flower movement did not appear to have an effect on the bees, the movement of air from the fans made them much more hesitant to take off from a flower, with time taken ranging from an initial 0.05 seconds to 54 seconds. Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speed reduced the bees’ body temperature, so they require longer to warm up the flight muscles required to take off. “With wind speeds predicted to increase in the years ahead, understanding how we can help bees in a changing climate is becoming ever more pressing. Although we can’t do much to control or stop the wind, we can take steps to reduce its impact on bees, such as placing hives in sheltered locations,” said Hennessy. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization warned last year that the decline in global bee populations was a “threat to global food security and diversity”. Dave Goulson, professor of biology at the University of Sussex, said:“Bees already face many pressures in the modern world, such as loss of habitats and exposure to pesticides (杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.” 1. What task did the researchers set for the bees? A. Identifying the new route. B. Surviving in extreme conditions. C. Feeding under different wind speeds. D. Distinguishing various kinds of flowers. 2. What probably makes a bee hesitant to take off from a flower? A. A full stomach. B. Loss of balance. C. Changed flower positions. D. Reduced body temperature. 3. What can we do to reduce the impact of high winds on bees? A. Stop the wind. B. Restore their habitats. C. Address climate change. D. Prohibit the use of pesticides. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Loss of bees causes failure of food crops B. Bees are on the decline as global heating worsens C. Bees may struggle in winds caused by global warming D. Artificial flowers are used for threatened bee populations Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川眉山东坡区·期中） French company Airseas, has promised to help cargo (货物) ships reduce their fuel consumption, and cut their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 20%. And they’re doing this with the Seawing—a 1,000 square meter kite that will fly 300 meters (984 feet) above the water’s surface. So the globul shipping industry is apparently rediscovering the joy and efficiency of sails. The large, ship-sized kite is currently being developed, and the company plans to open a factory to produce the Seawing in 2026. Once manufactured, Airseas has promised that launching and operating a Seawing on a cargo vessel will be automated, making it easy to use for crews. The kite and the equipment that launches it are mounted on a boat’s deck, and the crew can simply press some buttons and a large kite will rise into the sky. That’s not to say that the cargo ships won’t use their engines at all, but the kite will take some pressure off of those engines and will reduce the need for fuel. The wind will move the ship, just like it did for hundreds of years in the old days before industrialization. Lowering emissions by 20% may not seem like a big deal, but moving vast amounts of goods back and forth on the high seas creates 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. That’s more than the airline industry, which produced about 2% of the world’s emissions in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency. Shipping is also a massive industry, and one worth focusing on for lowering emissions. About 90% of the world’s traded goods are moved around via shipping vessels (大船), according to the International Chamber of Shipping. Some companies are expecting this new version of sails. Japanese shipping company, “K” Line has placed orders for the Seawing kite, and the European Union has also invested more than $2 million in funding. 1. What is French company Airseas trying to do? A. Participate in kite-flying competitions. B. Make sea exploration easy and joyful. C. Produce big kites to be used for sailing D. Ship cargoes with low fuel consumption. 2. What’s the feature of the Seawing? A. It will completely replace engines. B. It will be a light-weight device. C. It will be easily operated by crews. D. It will follow the cargo vessel at sea. 3. Why is the airline industry mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To confirm a prediction. B. To make a comparison. C. To lead in a new topic. D. To analyze cause and effect. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. The shipping industry is getting popular again. B. The GHG emissions are being greatly reduced. C. Seawing factories are to be opened in Europe, D. Kites on boat are helping cut shipping emissions. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） People from all over the world have different wedding traditions and marriage customs. The one thing that all wedding ceremonies commonly seem to have is the commitment (承诺) of love for all time during a public ceremony. Everyone at a wedding hopes for great happiness between the wedding couple. Wedding traditions are usually a way of showing signs of the hope for great happiness. Some of these traditions are very interesting. In Sweden, the traditional bride will wear three rings by the end of the wedding ceremony. The first is the engagement (订婚) ring that she entered the ceremony with. The second, the wedding ring, is added to the first. A final ring, however, is added as well. This ring is known as the “motherhood” ring. This is said to show that marriage is about more than just love. It is about building a family. Wedding traditions in the Philippines, a dance which can last for hours. During the Philippines, guests pin (用大头针别住) money to the bride’s dress to pay for their honeymoon. A traditional Irish bride may wear a blue wedding dress — believing blue to be a lucky color. English Lavender (薰衣草) is often mixed with her wedding flowers. It is traditional for the bride to braid her hair (梳头发) — as it is considered a good way to bring luck to the new couple. There are many wedding traditions around the world which may differ from what they are used to, but if you are about to plan a wedding, you may find it interesting to include some of these traditions in your own wedding. 1. What do all wedding ceremonies seem to have in common? A. The commitment of love for all time. B. Happiness between the wedding couple. C. An interesting life. D. Building a happy family. 2. In Sweden, the traditional bride’s first ring shows ________. A. the duties of the new couple B. the great love between the new couple C. she entered the ceremony with D. the bride will be not only a wife but also a mother 3. In the Philippines, the new couple paid for their honeymoon with the money from ________. A. the bride B. the bridegroom C. their parents D. visiting guests 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The reason for different wedding traditions. B. Interesting wedding traditions from different countries. C. The way to prepare for a wedding ceremony. D. Interesting engagement traditions around the world. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地有趣的不同的婚礼习俗。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The one thing that all wedding ceremonies commonly seem to have is the commitment (承诺) of love for all time during a public ceremony.(所有的婚礼似乎都有一件事，那就是在公开的仪式上承诺永远爱着对方)”可知，所有的婚礼仪式共同的是在婚礼仪式上的终生的爱的承诺。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Sweden, the traditional bride will wear three rings by the end of the wedding ceremony. The first is the engagement (订婚) ring that she entered the ceremony with.(在瑞典，传统的新娘会在婚礼结束时戴上三枚戒指。第一个是她参加婚礼时戴的订婚戒指)”可知，在瑞典，传统新娘的第一枚戒指是她参加婚礼时戴的订婚戒指。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“During the Philippines, guests pin (用大头针别住) money to the bride’s dress to pay for their honeymoon. (在菲律宾，客人把钱别在新娘的衣服上，以支付他们的蜜月费用)”可知，新婚夫妇度蜜月的钱来自于参加他们婚礼的客人。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“People from all over the world have different wedding traditions and marriage customs.(世界各地的人们有不同的婚礼传统和结婚习俗)”再结合下文介绍了瑞典、菲律宾、爱尔兰等国家不同的婚礼习俗。由此可知，文章主要介绍了世界各地不同国家的有趣的婚礼传统和风俗。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田·期中） Today, the imagination of going somewhere in a car with no one in the driver’s seat has come true. However, the self-driving cars still ask a human to be ready to take over driving if needed. Known as autonomous cars, they can make going anywhere much more convenient. The adults often spend more than 300 hours behind the wheel each year. Self-driving cars could give them that time back. In addition, autonomous cars may possibly transform what a car is and how it works. Think about it. With no need for a driver, does there need a driver’s seat or a steering wheel? Self-driving cars could have sofas, beds or even an entire kitchen. Passengers could sit and talk with one another face to face or go to sleep at the start of a drive and wake up in a new place. The inside of a car could also be an office, hair salon, or personal gym. Suddenly, cars are much more than just a way to get from one place to another. But a future of cars driving themselves around city streets with no one inside is still years away. That’s because the technology behind autonomous vehicles is still imperfect. The cameras and other systems that self-driving cars use to guide themselves have trouble “seeing” the road in bad weather or heavy traffic. They also have difficulty dealing with different kinds of roads. The road signs, and turns of a highway are very different from those of a neighborhood road. So, at least for a while, there will still need to be a human driver ready to take the wheel in self-driving cars. 1. What can be learned about self-driving cars from paragraph l and 2? A. They can replace electric cars. B. They need monthly system update. C. They need human control sometimes. D. They lengthen the adults’ driving time. 2. What may be changed by autonomous cars? A. Communication manner. B. People’s body clocks. C. The in-car human activities. D. People’s methods of driving. 3. What prevents self-driving cars from city streets? A. The unclear signs of highways. B. Their inability to avoid traffic jam. C. Their disadvantage in cleaning up the cameras. D. The technology behind the cars is not perfect yet. 4. What does the text mainly talk about self-driving cars? A. The bright future. B. The real imagination. C. The present situation. D. The unsolved problems. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自动驾驶汽车的现状、潜在优势以及当前的技术限制。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, the self-driving cars still ask a human to be ready to take over driving if needed.(然而，如果需要的话，自动驾驶汽车仍然要求人类做好接管驾驶的准备。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车有时会求助于人类控制。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Passengers could sit and talk with one another face to face or go to sleep at the start of a drive and wake up in a new place. The inside of a car could also be an office, hair salon, or personal gym.(乘客们可以坐下来面对面地交谈，或者在开车开始时睡觉，然后在一个新的地方醒来。汽车内部也可以是办公室、发廊或私人健身房。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车可能会改变车内人类活动。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“That’s because the technology behind autonomous vehicles is still imperfect. The cameras and other systems that self-driving cars use to guide themselves have trouble “seeing” the road in bad weather or heavy traffic. They also have difficulty dealing with different kinds of roads.(这是因为自动驾驶汽车背后的技术仍不完善。在恶劣天气或交通拥挤的情况下，自动驾驶汽车用来引导自己的摄像头和其他系统很难“看到”道路。他们在处理不同类型的道路方面也有困难。)”可知，背后不完善的技术阻碍了自动驾驶汽车在城市街道上行驶。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Today, the imagination of going somewhere in a car with no one in the driver’s seat has come true. However, the self-driving cars still ask a human to be ready to take over driving if needed.(如今，无人驾驶的汽车去某个地方的想象已经成为现实。然而，如果需要的话，自动驾驶汽车仍然要求人类做好接管驾驶的准备。)”和最后一段“But a future of cars driving themselves around city streets with no one inside is still years away. That’s because the technology behind autonomous vehicles is still imperfect. The cameras and other systems that self-driving cars use to guide themselves have trouble “seeing” the road in bad weather or heavy traffic. They also have difficulty dealing with different kinds of roads.(但是，无人驾驶汽车在城市街道上自动驾驶的未来还需要几年的时间。这是因为自动驾驶汽车背后的技术仍不完善。在恶劣天气或交通拥挤的情况下，自动驾驶汽车用来引导自己的摄像头和其他系统很难“看到”道路。他们在处理不同类型的道路方面也有困难。)”可知，文章主要描述了自动驾驶汽车的现状、潜在优势以及当前的技术限制，因此本文的主旨是C选项“The present situation.(目前的情况。)”。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the “decline of class” and “classless society” in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification (分层). One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated” and “soft”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as “common” and “ugly”. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song “Common People” puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live like common people” they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life. 1. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. A. many people think it is time to end class distinction B. most people think they belong to middle class C. people consider themselves socially different D. it is hard to recognize a person’s class 2. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as ________. A. regional B. unattractive C. prejudiced D. educated 3. British attitudes towards accent ________. A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status C. are shared by the Americans D. haven’t changed in recent years 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The middle class is expanding. B. A person’s accent reflects his class. C. Class is a key part of British society. D. Each class has unique characteristics. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要通过两项调查表明了阶级是英国社会的重要组成部分。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.(最近一项广泛的社会民意调查发现，90%的人仍然把自己放在某个特定的阶层；73%的人认为阶级仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分；52%的人认为仍然存在明显的阶级差异。) ”可知，在关于“阶级消亡说”的调查中，90％的人把自己归入特殊的阶层，73％的人认为阶级仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分，52％的人认为社会阶层之间差异明显，由此推知，英国民众认为他们在社会上仍然是有区别的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.(然而，一项针对美国英式口音的类似研究将结果颠倒过来，认为一些地方口音最有吸引力，而BBC英语最没有吸引力。)”可知，美国的这项调查表明BBC英语被认为是最没有吸引力的口音。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.(这表明英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见。)”可知，英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固并带有偏见。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了阶级划分是英国社会的重要组成部分，文章列举了两项调查，“阶级消亡说”这项调查表明英国民众在社会上仍然是有区别的，在关于“好的口音”调查表明英国的阶级划分根深蒂固，由此可知文章大意是阶级是英国社会的重要组成部分。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·广东化州·期中） When you think of diversity (多样性), what do you think of? To some it means a place where all are included, a place where you can be who you are without worry. But what does it mean in schools? We took a closer look. When we asked students at our school about diversity, the responses were extremely positive. Younger students, while often unsure of the exact definition, confidently described our school as inclusive (包容的). A Year 2 student explained diversity as “everyone treating each other as equals.” Most students expressed how diversity makes them feel happy, proud of who they are, and comfortable being themselves. To us, diversity means feeling comfortable, being who you are in a space that makes you feel good about your unique self. It is no secret that diversity has changed a lot in the last five years, but we wanted to know exactly how much it has evolved (进化). We asked Year 5 and 6 students their opinion on the topic and we received very varied responses. Some said it hasn’t changed that much, and we have always been a truly diverse school, but others responded saying that in the last few years, they have noticed an increase in people feeling more comfortable being themselves. We also touched base with some of the teachers, who were able to give us more information on the topic. They agreed that events like Harmony Day and Diversity Day have created opportunities for teachers and students to discuss and celebrate the differences that make the school unique. One teacher said diversity has grown over time and continues to play an important role in making our school as welcoming and inclusive as it is. Another added: “Diversity is all around us and it is great to see students being themselves. After all, diversity is for everyone.” 1. What did a Year 2 student say about diversity? A. It means being happy. B. It means being proud. C. It means self-acceptance. D. It means equal treatment. 2. What does the underlined phrase “touched base with” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Talked to. B. Agreed with. C. Came across. D. Responded to. 3. Why do teachers think Harmony Day is important? A. It makes students happy. B. It helps build self-confidence. C. It promotes diversity discussion. D. It strengthens teacher-student relationship. 4. What can we infer about the school’s atmosphere about diversity? A. Diversity is only celebrated during special events. B. The school is actively working to include everyone. C. Students are encouraged to hide their differences. D. The school focuses on students’ grades. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了学校内的多样性和包容性，强调学生和老师对于多样性的理解和其在学校文化中的重要性。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A Year 2 student explained diversity as “everyone treating each other as equals.”(一名二年级学生将多样性解释为“每个人都平等对待彼此”)”可知，一名二年级学生将多样性解释为“每个人都平等相待”。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“who were able to give us more information on the topic.(他们能给我们提供更多关于这个话题的信息)”可知，与老师交流的时候，老师才能提供更多关于这个话题的信息。所以换线词的意思是“与……谈话”。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They agreed that events like Harmony Day and Diversity Day have created opportunities for teachers and students to discuss and celebrate the differences that make the school unique.( 他们一致认为，和谐日和多样性日等活动为教师和学生创造了讨论和庆祝使学校与众不同的差异的机会)”可知，老师们认为像“和谐日”和“多样性日”这样的活动为师生创造了讨论和庆祝差异的机会，这说明“和谐日”能促进关于多样性的讨论。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Younger students, while often unsure of the exact definition, confidently described our school as inclusive(包容的)(年轻的学生，虽然经常不确定确切的定义，自信地描述我们的学校是包容性的)”以及最后一段“One teacher said diversity has grown over time and continues to play an important role in making our school as welcoming and inclusive as it is (一位老师说，随着时间的推移，多样性不断增长，并在使我们的学校保持热情和包容性方面继续发挥重要作用)”可知，文章中提到学生们认为学校具有包容性，老师们也表示像“和谐日”和“多样性日”这样的活动在不断促进对多样性的讨论和庆祝，还有老师说多样性在学校不断发展，让学校更加包容，这些都表明学校积极营造氛围，努力让每个人都能融入其中。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·河南长垣·期中） More than half of Beijing’s adult single children don’t want to have two kids, even though the national policy allows them to do so. The country’s family planning policy of the late 1970s restricted(限制)urban families from having more than one child to control population growth. However, a new survey shows 52 percent of those now-grown-up single children, who are allowed to have two children, do not want a second child. Beijing has about 2 million only-child adults. More than 1,100 people from only-child families, aging 20 to 34, were polled(对……进行民意测验). Only 24 percent of them said they would like to have two children. More than a quarter of them would choose a “DINK”(double income, no kids)lifestyle. Survey figures showed that respondents with a basic education wanted 1.1 children on average, those with a bachelor degree wanted 1.3, and those with masters or higher degrees wanted 1.5 children. “Beijing has had a super low birth rate—less than 1.3 children in a family on average for nearly 20 years, causing increasing pressure on the country’s aging population,” Hou Yafei, a professor with the institute, said. Hou said that the top four factors that determined people’s desires to have children were “income, child care, housing and policy conditions”. “The government should encourage couples from one-child families to have a second child and should provide better welfare services,” Hou said. The survey also found that people with higher education backgrounds want to have more children because they are more confident about their future. To promote a higher population growth rate, some provincial governments have relaxed rules and allowed more people to have more than one child. In Shanghai, the death rate has exceeded the birth rate for more than 10 years, and less than 30 percent of only-child couples have had a second child. 1. What is this passage mainly about? A. Beijing has kept a super low birth rate for 20 years. B. Most Beijing only-child couples just want one child. C. The country’s family planning policy should be stopped. D. The government allows people to have more than one child. 2. How many only-child adults in Beijing want to have a ”DINK“lifestyle? A. About 500,000. B. About 400,000. C. About 300,000. D. About 200,000. 3. Which is a key factor affecting people’s willingness to have children? A. Earnings. B. Ages. C. Parents care. D. Schooling policy. 4. What might the author agree with? A. The birth rate in Shanghai will increase soon. B. The government has taken steps to change the situation. C. The country’s family planning policy aims to help live longer. D. People with lower education backgrounds want to have more kids. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章讲述了北京的独生子女大多数只想要一个孩子，即使国家政策允许他们生两个孩子。文章还提到了一些省级政府放宽了生育政策，允许更多人生育。最后，文章指出政府应该鼓励独生子女家庭生育第二个孩子，并提供更好的福利服务。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“More than half of Beijing’s adult single children don’t want to have two kids, even though the national policy allows them to do so.(超过一半的北京成年独生子女不想要两个孩子，尽管国家政策允许他们这么做。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是内容是超过一半的北京成年独生子女不想要两个孩子，尽管国家政策允许他们这么做。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Beijing has about 2 million only-child adults. (北京大约有200万成年独生子女。)”以及“More than a quarter of them would choose a ”DINK“(double income, no kids)lifestyle. (超过四分之一的人会选择“丁克”(双收入，没有孩子)的生活方式。)”可知200万的四分之一为50万。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Hou said that the top four factors that determined people’s desires to have children were “income, child care, housing and policy conditions”.(侯教授说决定人们是否想要孩子的前四个因素是“收入、儿童保育、住房和政策条件”。)”可知，影响人们生育意愿的关键因素是收入。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To promote a higher population growth rate, some provincial governments have relaxed rules and allowed more people to have more than one child. (为了促进更高的人口增长率，一些省级政府放宽了政策，允许更多的人生育多个孩子。)”可知，很多省份为了改善和缓解当下生育问题即促进人口增长率，已经采取了一些积极的措施。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·河北宁晋·期中） Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children. First, music is good for children’s intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music. Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today’s children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children’s health. Luckily，listening to music can help them feel better. Music can improve children’s moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don’t take interest in their surroundings. In such cases，a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them. Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures. Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music. 1. By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show . A. Children should listen to music B. Why adults should listen to music C. Listening to music is only good for adults D. Why scientists are interested in music 2. What does the underlined word “impairs” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. shows. B. changes. C. improves. D. harms. 3. The last but second paragraph shows that listening to music means . A. understanding foreign cultures better B. learning languages better C. accepting the fast developing world easily D. showing greater interest in other cultures 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Why do Children Love Music? B. How to Choose Music for Children C. Why is Music Important to Children? D. How to Teach Children Music Easily 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章由音乐对成年人的重要性进而引出音乐对儿童的重要性的介绍，并指出了一些理由，如对儿童智力有好处，能够帮助孩子们减轻压力，能够使孩子们心情更好等等。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it.可知听音乐对成年人来说是件好事。确实是。科学研究已经证明了这一点。由此可推知，作者在第一段中提到了科学研究，想说明为什么成年人应该听音乐。故选B。 【2题详解】 词义猜测题。根据后文Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.可知幸运的是，听音乐可以帮助他们感觉更好。由此可知，本句意思为太多压力会损害孩子的健康。故划线单词意思为“损害”。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.可知音乐可以帮助他们了解外国文化。由此可知，听音乐意味着更好地理解外国文化。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Here are some reasons why music is important to children.可知以下是为什么音乐对孩子很重要的一些原因。结合文章主要论述了由音乐对成年人的重要性进而引出音乐对儿童的重要性的介绍，并指出了一些理由，如对儿童智力有好处，能够帮助孩子们减轻压力，能够使孩子们心情更好等等。故C选项“为什么音乐对孩子很重要？”符合文章标题。故选C。 【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。 ② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 ③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 ④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 ⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。 如第二小题，根据后文Luckily, listening to music can help them feel better.可知幸运的是，听音乐可以帮助他们感觉更好。由此可知，本句意思为太多压力会损害孩子的健康。故划线单词意思为“损害”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） Doctors in hospital emergency rooms (急诊室) often see accidental poisonings (中毒). A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisonings. In cases like these, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it. Millions of people know how to give abdominal thrusts (腹部按压) to save a person choking on something trapped in the throat. The American Red Cross says a rescuer should first hit the person on the back five times between the shoulder bones. If the airway is still blocked, the Red Cross suggests pushing hard five times along the victim’s abdomen. You can do these abdominal thrusts by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. The Mayo Clinic health centres suggest several steps if bleeding is severe. First, if possible, remove dirt from the wound and press on it with a clean cloth or piece of clothing. In the past, people were advised to stop severe bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带). But experts now say tourniquets are dangerous because they can crush (挤压) major arteries and nerves. If a wound seems infected, let the victim rest. Physical activity can spread the infection. Treat the wound with a mixture of salt and water until medical help arrives. To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or an organisation like a Red Cross or a Red Crescent Society for information. Training may be offered in your area. 1. Which of the following is NOT the cause of accidental poisonings? A. A harmful medicine. B. A cleaning liquid. C. Dangerous pesticide. D. Poisonous insects. 2. What does the underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Coming out. B. Taking up. C. Going away. D. Getting down. 3. Where can you learn more about first aid? A. A hospital or Red Cross. B. A hospital or magazine. C. A Red Cross or patient. D. A Red Crescent Society or book. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了医院急诊室中常见的意外中毒情况及其急救措施，包括如何处理中毒、窒息和严重出血等紧急情况，并建议读者通过医院或红十字会等组织学习更多急救知识。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a product meant to kill insects. (一位惊恐的家长带着一个吞下清洁液的孩子赶来。或者有害物质是一种药物。或者它可能是一种用来杀死昆虫的产品。)”可知，清洁液、有害药物和危险的杀虫剂都可能导致意外中毒，而有毒昆虫并不是导致中毒的物质。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词所在句“Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it. (保存从受害者口中expelled的任何东西。这样，医生就可以检查它。)”可知，为了医生能检查从受害者口中出来的东西，所以要保存好，由此可猜测，划线单词expelled意为“排出，吐出”，与“coming out(出来)”意思最接近。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or an organisation like a Red Cross or a Red Crescent Society for information. (要了解更多急救知识，请向医院或红十字会、红新月会等组织咨询。)”可知，可以从医院或红十字会、红新月会等组织了解更多关于急救的知识。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） I will not go on about the causes of sunburn because you probably already know. If you get sunburn, you may be feeling a bit embarrassed about it. Once you have sunburn, the damage is done. So try the following ways to ease the discomfort. Cool it down by taking a bath or shower. Keep the water and room temperature warm, especially for children as they may easily feel cold. Some people like to add 1/2 cup of baking soda to the bath water. This may help reduce your pain. You could also place a wet and cool cloth on the burnt area for about 15 minutes. Do that several times a day. Apply moisture(润肤膏). You can choose some cream that makes your skin not that dry. Apply aloe, either the plant form or gel. Aloe contains active things that help reduce pain. Over the next few days, the skin may peel脱皮) This is the body’s way of eliminating the dead skin, so keep using such cream to help make your skin comfortable. Leave any blisters(水泡)complete. This helps speed healing and avoid infection as burst blisters can easily get infected. You can cover blisters to protect them if needed and definitely do not wear clothing that will cause friction(摩擦) as this can “pop” the blisters. Damaging the blisters can, and probably will cause more pain with rubbing on soft skin and also cause infection. Give pain relief if needed. The medicine aspirin is not recommended for children. At this point, the person may not be comfortable, so do not make it worse by applying something that can prevent healing and increase or lock in the heat under the skin, therefore causing more burn damage. See doctor if: * it covers a large part of the body or is severe in nature. * there is a high fever, chills, rash, nausea, and severe pain. * feeling faint or dizzy, rapid pulse or quick breathing. * extreme thirst, little or no urine output or sunken eyes. 1. Why do some people use baking soda after getting sunburn? A. To help prevent disease. B. To feel better in this way. C. To avoid getting cold. D. To reduce the burnt area. 2. What does the underlined word “eliminating ”in Paragraph 3 mean？ A. Protecting. B. Covering C. Improving D. Removing. 3. What does the author consider important after getting sunburn？ A. Avoiding breaking blisters. B. Going to see doctor immediately. C. Taking medicine to avoid infection. D. Preventing the skin from developing blisters. 4. What is the text mainly about？ A. Things to help treat sunburn B. The common causes of sunburn. C. Ways to deal with sunburn. D. Methods to deal with blisters properly. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述晒伤后怎样处理的一些方法来缓解不适或疼痛。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Some people like to add 1/2 cup of baking soda to the bath water. This may help reduce your pain. 有些人喜欢在洗澡水里加半杯小苏打。这可能有助于减轻你的疼痛。故选B。 【2题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文Over the next few days, the skin may peel.在接下来的几天里，皮肤可能会脱皮。由此可以推断下文This is the body’s way of eliminating the dead skin意思是这是一种去除死皮的方式，故猜测eliminating意为“去除，移除”，同removing同义，故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段Leave any blisters(水泡)complete. This helps speed healing and avoid infection as burst blisters can easily get infected. 留下所有的水泡。这有助于加速愈合和避免感染，因为破裂的水泡很容易感染。可知水泡破裂后会引起感染，后果比较严重，因此可推断作者认为晒伤后避免刺破水泡很重要，故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段主题句Once you have sunburn, the damage is done. So try the following ways to ease the discomfort. 一旦你被晒伤，伤害就已经造成了。所以试试下面的方法来缓解不适吧。可知文章主要讲述晒伤后怎样处理的一些方法来缓解不适或疼痛。故选C。 【点睛】词义猜测题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。 1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。 3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 4.根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 5. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。 6.根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。 7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测.根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 例如小题2，根据上文Over the next few days, the skin may peel.在接下来的几天里，皮肤可能会脱皮。由此可以推断下文This is the body’s way of eliminating the dead skin意思是这是一种去除死皮的方式，故猜测eliminating意为“去除，移除”，同removing同义，故选D。所以小题2是根据上下文解释进行猜测的。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·广东佛山南海区·期中） In an age where digital products are everywhere, the term “screen time” has been discussed widely. Screen time seems easy to understand: It’s simply the time spent on digital products. But grouping all digital activities together misses how different types of screen use affect people. In our research, we divide screen time into four broad groups: educational use, work-related use, social interaction and entertainment. And we study how they relate to health outcomes such as stress, depression and loneliness. Screen use has both benefits and drawbacks, depending on how and why it is used. Online classes may improve problem-solving skills, but screen-based learning often contributes to poorer memory. Workplace screen time increases productivity through working together online, but using it too long may lead to stress. Similarly, screen use for social connection helps people interact with others, which can improve health outcomes, but endless social media scrolling (滚屏) can bring social comparison and loneliness. Likewise, while screen use for entertainment provides relaxation and stress relief, too much screen use may reduce well-being by limiting time for other meaningful activities. Screen time affects people differently based on factors like mood, social setting, and family environment. Your emotions before and during screen use can shape your experience. Positive interactions can lift your mood, while loneliness might deepen with certain online activities. The social context (情境) of screen use also matters. Watching a movie with family strengthen relationships, while using screens alone can increase feelings of loneliness, especially when it replaces face-to-face interactions. Family influence plays a role, too. For example, parents’ screen habits affect their children’s screen behavior, and planned parental guidance can help reduce overuse. Therefore, understanding screen use requires a more specific method than tracking the amount of time people spend on their screens. For policymakers, this means making rules that move beyond one-size-fits-all limits. The rules should match different activities and each person’s needs. For the rest of us, this awareness encourages a digital diet that balances online and offline activities for happiness. 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The effects of screen use in various situations. B. The challenges of screen use in everyday tasks. C. The influences of digital products on people’s habits. D. The differences between online and offline activities. 2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Family activities will replace screen time. B. Frequent screen use will bring bad feelings. C. Social setting will affect screen time outcomes. D. Parental habits will reduce children’s screen use. 3. What does the author suggest policymakers do? A. Control online activities. B. Limit people’s screen time. C. Promote an offline lifestyle. D. Apply personalized digital rules. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要探讨屏幕时间的分类、影响及管理策略。文章将屏幕时间分为教育、工作、社交和娱乐四类，分析其利弊，并指出影响因素（情绪、社交环境、家庭），最后呼吁制定个性化规则平衡数字生活。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Screen use has both benefits and drawbacks, depending on how and why it is used. Online classes may improve problem-solving skills, but screen-based learning often contributes to poorer memory. Workplace screen time increases productivity through working together online, but using it too long may lead to stress. Similarly, screen use for social connection helps people interact with others, which can improve health outcomes, but endless social media scrolling (滚屏) can bring social comparison and loneliness. Likewise, while screen use for entertainment provides relaxation and stress relief, too much screen use may reduce well-being by limiting time for other meaningful activities.(屏幕的使用既有好处也有弊端，这取决于其使用的方式和原因。在线课程可能会提高解决问题的能力，但基于屏幕的学习往往会导致记忆力下降。在工作场所，屏幕使用通过在线协作来提高工作效率，但使用时间过长可能会导致压力。同样，用于社交联系的屏幕使用有助于人们与他人互动，这可以改善健康状况，但无休止地浏览社交媒体可能会带来社会比较和孤独感。同样地，虽然用于娱乐的屏幕使用能带来放松和压力缓解的效果，但过度使用屏幕可能会因限制其他有意义活动的时间而降低幸福感)”可知，第二段主要讲了不同情况下屏幕使用所产生的影响。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The social context (情境) of screen use also matters. Watching a movie with family strengthen relationships, while using screens alone can increase feelings of loneliness, especially when it replaces face-to-face interactions.(屏幕使用的社会环境也很重要。与家人一起观看电影能够增进彼此之间的关系，而独自使用屏幕则会让人感到更加孤独，尤其是当它取代了面对面的交流时)”可知，社会环境会影响屏幕使用时间所产生的影响。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For policymakers, this means making rules that move beyond one-size-fits-all limits. The rules should match different activities and each person’s needs.(对于政策制定者而言，这意味着制定超越“一刀切”限制的规则。这些规则应当适用于不同的活动，并且要考虑到每个人的需求)”可知，作者建议政策制定者采用个性化的数字规则。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一下·广东佛山南海区·期中） Imagine you’ve planned a wonderful trip for your family. But rather than being excited, your kids complain about missing an after-school club meeting at a neighbor’s house. Missing the event causes such intense FOMO (fear of missing out) that they don’t want to go on your amazing trip. If this kind of situation sounds familiar, you’re not alone. A recent study finds that FOMO often arises when people miss events with meaningful social connections. It’s not about the dinner or the food - it’s about missing the chance to connect with people who matter to you. Being left out can make you feel disconnected, even worried about losing your status (地位) in the group. Researchers conducted a series of experiments to find simple ways to reduce FOMO. In one experiment, 788 participants were asked to look through their social media until they saw a post of a missed social event. The researchers asked half of these participants to immediately describe how much FOMO they were feeling. The rest followed the same steps, except that before expressing how much FOMO they were feeling, they were asked to think back to a previous experience socializing with their friends. Encouragingly, there was a significant drop in the level of FOMO they reported. Therefore, missing out on social bonding experiences doesn’t have to be anxiety-provoking. In fact, in our activity-packed lives, missing some “must-attend” events may be a welcome relief -especially if you remind yourself that your place with your friends is safe, which has led to a recent wave called JOMO, or “Joy of Missing Out”. According to Stuart Smalley, the self-help expert of a 1990s TV show “Saturday Night Live”, reminding yourself that “I’m good enough, I’m smart enough and people like me!” might be just the trick to lessen FOMO. 1. What may cause FOMO according to the study? A. The absence from fun activities. B. The missing of social connections. C. The change of planned events. D. The misunderstanding of parents. 2. What helps to reduce FOMO in the experiment? A. Reducing time on social media. B. Raising status in the society. C. Recalling moments with friends. D. Describing the level of FOMO. 3. Why does the author mention Stuart Smalley in the last paragraph? A. To offer a way to reduce FOMO. B. To introduce a famous TV show. C. To explain the origin of the concept. D. To show the development of science. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Feeling FOMO: Causes of Social Anxiety B. Choosing JOMO: Benefits of Missing Out C. Exploring FOMO: Comparing it with JOMO D. Practicing JOMO: Learning to Overcome FOMO 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 FOMO（害怕错过）这一现象产生的原因，通过实验说明缓解 FOMO 的方法，还提到了与之相关的 JOMO（错过的快乐），并给出减少 FOMO 的建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study finds that FOMO often arises when people miss events with meaningful social connections.(最近一项研究发现，当人们错过具有有意义社交联系的活动时，FOMO（害怕错过）这种情绪常常会出现)” 可知，错过社交联系可能会导致 FOMO。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The rest followed the same steps, except that before expressing how much FOMO they were feeling, they were asked to think back to a previous experience socializing with their friends. Encouragingly, there was a significant drop in the level of FOMO they reported.(其余的人遵循了相同的步骤，只是在表达他们感受到多少 FOMO 之前，他们被要求回想之前与朋友社交的经历。令人鼓舞的是，他们报告的 FOMO 程度显著下降)” 可知，在实验中，回忆与朋友相处的时刻有助于减少 FOMO。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Stuart Smalley, the self-help expert of a 1990s TV show “Saturday Night Live”, reminding yourself that “I’m good enough, I’m smart enough and people like me!” might be just the trick to lessen FOMO.(20 世纪 90 年代电视节目《周六夜现场》的自助专家斯图尔特・斯莫利认为，提醒自己 “我足够优秀，我足够聪明，而且人们喜欢我！”，或许正是减轻 “害怕错过” 情绪的诀窍)” 可知，作者提到斯图尔特・斯莫利是为了提供一种减少 FOMO 的方法。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章开头通过事例引出 FOMO 现象，接着介绍其产生原因，通过实验说明减少 FOMO 的方法，还提到与之相关的 JOMO，并给出减少 FOMO 的建议，整体围绕如何克服 FOMO 展开。选项 D“践行 JOMO：学会克服 FOMO”，为最佳标题，故选D。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州·期中） The Earth is already 1.1 degrees Celsius hotter than it was 150 years ago. Though a half-degree Celsius difference in temperature increase might seem unimportant, the difference for life on Earth could be huge. Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space. It’s the size of Germany—a biodiversity hot spot that was once thought to be too big to fail. But over the last few decades, marine（海洋的）biologists like Hoegh-Guldberg have watched its rapid decline. Oceans are warming along with the atmosphere, since they absorb much of the excess heat from climate change. Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off. “Something around 50% of the shallow water corals were killed literally over a couple of months, in some cases over a couple of weeks,” Hoegh-Guldberg says. “If you extend that out into the future, we’ll get to a point where the damage overwhelms the ability of corals to bounce back. ” Marine heat waves have already doubled in number since 1980 and are expected to become more intense as temperatures rise. At 1.5 degrees Celsius, it’s likely that 70% to 90% of coral reefs will die off worldwide. At 2 degrees Celsius of warming, 99% are lost. “If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem. ” Hoegh-Guldberg adds. 1. What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef? A. It is supposed to never disappear. B. It used to be indescribably massive. C. It is too large to be seen from space. D. It is growing over the last few decades. 2. What are the effects of rising temperatures? A. Changes in the shape of coral. B. Increasing risk of coral death. C. Growing coral recovery capacity. D. Abundant food sources of corals. 3. What does the underlined word “decisively” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Decidedly. B. Gradually. C. Constantly. D. Regularly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The temperature affects the life. B. Climate change causes warming oceans. C. Coral reefs face almost complete die-off. D. Extreme heat waves double greatly in number. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了由于气温上升，位于澳大利亚的大堡礁中的珊瑚面临着与日俱增的死亡风险。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space.”（远离澳大利亚海岸线，大堡礁因为足够大，能在太空中被看到而有名。）可知，the Great Barrier Reef 面积足够广，在太空上都可以看到。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off.”（有时候这些珊瑚可以自己恢复，但是现在它们一个个相继死去的越来越多。）可知，温度上升增加了珊瑚死亡的风险。故选B。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段Hoegh-Guldberg所说的话“If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem.”（如果我们在耽搁一两年的话，我们会走向一条没有归途的下坡路。我们需要行动起来，并且我们需decisively行动起来，没有疑问地解决这个问题。）可知，decisively是副词，修饰动词act，根据句子的意思可知，如果再耽搁的话，我们可能会走向一条不归之路，所以必须坚决果断地采取行动，和A选项意思一致。故选A。 【4题详解】 文章大意题。根据第三段“Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off.”（反复的海底热量在过去的5年里使得大部分大堡礁变成了糟糕的白色。当温度上升时，珊瑚把它体内的海藻移除，就失去了它的食物。有时候这些珊瑚可以自己恢复，但是现在它们一个个相继死去的越来越多。）可知，这篇文章主要介绍因为温度上升而对珊瑚造成的影响。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·江苏如皋·期中） Electric vehicles (EVs) are a strong weapon in the world’s efforts against global warming. But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows. The Radiant Energy Group (REG) compared gas emissions caused by a gasoline vehicle and from charging an electric vehicle. The study compared the emissions (排放) caused by charging a Tesla Model 3 to drive 100 kilometers with the emissions coming from an average gasoline car driven the same distance. Countries where charging an electric vehicle is cleaner than driving a gasoline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric, nuclear or solar power. Sales of electric cars are rising the fastest in Europe. Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal. In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions. The carbon gas reduction depends on what energy supplies electricity systems and the time of day vehicles are charged. The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power. An EV driver in Germany reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent over a gasoline car. Germany uses a mix of renewable energy and coal to produce electricity. Germany and Spain create a lot of electricity from the sun and wind. But the sun and wind do not add to a country’s electricity system equally throughout the day. For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day it is being charged. Charging in the afternoon, when there is more sun and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night when electricity systems are more likely to be using gas or coal. Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. U. S. car manufacturer General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022. 1. We can learn from Para. 8 that ________. A. the availability of charging stations is the key factor in EV adoption B. the cost of EVs is the most significant barrier to their widespread adoption C. the time of day when EVs are charged can greatly affect their carbon footprint D. the type of battery used in EVs has a big impact on their overall carbon emissions 2. According to REG’s study, what caused the different results in carbon emission? A. The limited coverage of national power system. B. The different energy sources for EV charging. C. The varying time of day when EVs are sold. D. The lack of charging stations in rural areas. 3. What’s the attitude of automakers like General Motors towards EVs? A. Unconcerned. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Puzzled. 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The Global Shift to Electric Vehicle Adoption. B. The Economics of Electric Vehicle Ownership C. The Future of Renewable Energy in Automobiles. D. The Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了电动汽车（EVs）充电的环境影响，包括不同国家因能源结构差异导致的碳排放差异、充电时间对减排效果的影响以及汽车制造商对电动汽车的态度等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第八段“For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day it is being charged. Charging in the afternoon, when there is more sun and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night. (因此，驾驶电动汽车所减少的碳排放量取决于充电的时间段。下午阳光充足、风力较大，此时充电比夜间充电可多节省16%至18%的碳排放量)”可知，充电时间段会显著影响电动汽车的碳足迹。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Countries where charging an electric vehicle is cleaner than driving a gasoline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric, nuclear or solar power. (在那些给电动汽车充电比驾驶燃油汽车更清洁的国家，它们使用了大量的水力、核能或太阳能发电)”以及第四段“Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal. (来自REG的数据表明，波兰和科索沃的电动汽车实际上产生了更多的碳排放，因为他们的电力系统严重依赖煤炭。)”可知，REG研究中碳排放结果差异的核心原因是电动汽车充电所依赖的能源类型不同。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. (包括通用汽车在内的汽车制造商已设定目标，未来几年在欧洲主要销售电动汽车)”以及第九段“General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022. (通用汽车表示到2022年将全面推出新电动汽车)”可知，像通用汽车这样的制造商对电动汽车持支持态度。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows. (但电动汽车的效果因国家而异。一项新研究表明，在某些国家，电动汽车排放的二氧化碳比汽油车还多)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出电动汽车的环保效果因国家而异，随后围绕充电所使用的能源类型、充电时间等因素对碳排放的影响展开分析，核心探讨的是电动汽车充电的环境影响。D“电动汽车充电对环境的影响。”适合用作标题，故选D项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·安徽合肥·期中） A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB. Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somehow surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB. There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A. Negative. B. Curious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 2. What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B. To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C. To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D. To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3. Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A. Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B. Because they were all found at almost the same time. C. Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D. Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4. What does the last sentence imply? A. Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B. It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C. Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D. It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快速射电暴（FRB）从发现到被广泛确认的科学探索过程。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented.(当洛里默的论文在期刊上发表时，许多人skeptical，这并不奇怪。“有时候，看似非凡的科学发现，结果却是数据错误，”一些人评论道。)”可知，许多人对洛里默的论文持怀疑态度，认为有时候看似非凡的科学发现结果是数据上的错误，skeptical“怀疑的”与D选项Doubtful“怀疑的”意思一致。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes.(一个发现独角兽的科学家可能不会在没多次见到它的情况下就这么说。然而，有时候，一只独角兽就足够了。)”和第二段“In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one.(2007年，一位名叫邓肯·洛里默的天文学家报告称发现了一种新型天文事件。那是一股极为短暂且强大的能量流，能够从数十亿光年外的星系抵达地球。他将其命名为快速射电暴（FRB）。如果这一非凡发现确凿无疑，那么它将为宇宙研究做出巨大贡献。他预测还会发现更多此类事件，但那一年，他仅观测到了一起。)”可知，第一段提到独角兽是为了象征以前未知和未被发现的发现，C选项“To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries.(象征着以前未知和未被发现的发现。)”符合题意。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from.(但坏消息是：这些发现全部来自洛里默使用的那台射电望远镜。不过最终，在2014年，另一台射电望远镜也报告了快速射电暴的发现。此后，其他望远镜也开始较为定期地发现更多此类事件。最终，关于快速射电暴的讨论焦点从“它们是否真实存在”转移到了“它们源自何处”。)”可知，其他快速射电暴信号也都来自洛里默的同一台射电望远镜，这可能意味着结果不可靠，所以是坏消息。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says.(“它们一直就在那里，等待着更先进的技术将它们发现。”洛里默说道。)”可知，即使暂时缺乏证据，科学家也不应该否认新发现。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·广东东莞·期中） If you’ve ever cooked a complex meal with someone, you know the level of cooperation required. American researchers recently showed that in a virtual kitchen, artificial intelligence (AI) learned how to cooperate with a human just by watching humans work together. There are some ways researchers have already trained AI to work with people. Many approaches involve reinforcement learning, where an AI interacts with an environment online — which can include other AIs or humans — and is rewarded for making decisions that lead to desired outcomes. Google Deep Mind’s program Alpha Go, for example, learned the board game Go using reinforcement learning. But starting training an AI from zero to interact with people through complete trial and error can waste a lot of time and can be risky. Another choice is to train one AI to model human behavior, and then use that as a tireless human replacement for another AI to learn to interact with. Researchers have used this method in a simple game. But repeating human behavior in more complex settings can be difficult. Thus in the study, researchers used offline reinforcement learning — a method for developing strategies by analyzing recorded behavior rather than through real-time interaction. Previously, offline reinforcement learning had been used mostly to help virtual robots move or to help AIs solve mazes (迷宫), but here it was applied to the tricky problem of working with humans. Instead of learning by interacting with people, this AI learned by watching human interactions. “The research work introduces a way for AI to learn to team up with humans, without even practicing with us. It could help improve human-AI interactions.” Says Nikolaidis, director of a lab. In the future, humans will increasingly work with AI, both online and in the physical world. Sometimes we’ll want an AI to silently guide our choices and strategies, like a good teammate who knows our weaknesses. “It solves an important problem — how AI can learn to work with people.” says Nikolaidis. 1. What is the function of reinforcement learning in the passage? A. It’s how AI learned to work with people B. It’s how researchers helped AI learn cooking. C. It’s how Google Deep Mind developed AlphaGo. D. It’s how AI got rewards for making correct choices. 2. What is the advantage of offline reinforcement learning? A. It relies on real-time interaction. B. It helps AI learn by interacting with people. C. It takes less time and has less danger. D. It is realized through mistakes and corrections. 3. What is AI expected to do in the future? A. To cook a complex meal on its own. B. To point out our weaknesses directly. C. To offer voiceless guidance sometimes. D. To solve difficult problems for humans. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. AI learns cooperation by practicing. B. AI learns cooking from humans. C. AI learns cooking without humans’ help. D. AI learns teamwork by watching humans. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能通过观察人类合作学会与人类团队合作。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are some ways researchers have already trained AI to work with people. Many approaches involve reinforcement learning, where an AI interacts with an environment online — which can include other AIs or humans — and is rewarded for making decisions that lead to desired outcomes. (研究人员已经通过一些方法训练AI与人类共同工作。许多方法都涉及强化学习，即AI在一个在线环境中与其他AI或人类进行交互，并因做出导致期望结果的决策而获得奖励。)”可知，强化学习的作用是AI学会能如何与人的合作。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But starting training an AI from zero to interact with people through complete trial and error can waste a lot of time and can be risky. (但是，从零开始训练一个人工智能，通过完全的试错来与人互动，可能会浪费大量时间，而且具有风险。)”以及第四段中“Thus in the study, researchers used offline reinforcement learning — a method for developing strategies by analyzing recorded behavior rather than through real-time interaction. (因此，在这项研究中，研究人员使用了离线强化学习——一种通过分析记录的行为而不是通过实时互动来制定策略的方法。)”可知，离线强化学习的优势是节省时间且危险性小。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sometimes we’ll want an AI to silently guide our choices and strategies, like a good teammate who knows our weaknesses. (有时我们希望人工智能能默默地指导我们的选择和策略，就像一个了解我们弱点的优秀队友。)”可知，未来人工智能有望在某些时候提供无声的指导。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“American researchers recently showed that in a virtual kitchen, artificial intelligence (AI) learned how to cooperate with a human just by watching humans work together. (美国研究人员最近发现，在一个虚拟厨房中，人工智能（AI）仅通过观察人类合作的过程，就学会了如何与人类协作。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是人工智能通过观察人类学会团队合作。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期中） A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems. In a city near Tokyo, they tested an Al system for a year. They wanted to help teachers find students who are having a hard time. In Japan, more and more kids are not going to school for a long time. In 2022, almost 300,000 kids didn’t go to school for 30 days or more. The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied. The system then uses past data (数据) to see how likely it is that a student will stop going to school. It gives each student a color, from red (highest risk) to yellow (lowest risk). In the test, the program said 1,193 students were at high risk. Teachers decided that 265 of them needed help right away. To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测). They also told parents they could say no to using their kids’ data. Only important people in the school, like headmasters, could see the results. “By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education. “But we have to think really hard about keeping their data safe by telling them clearly why and how we use their information,” she also said. 1. What is the main purpose of using AI in the Japanese city? A. To improve students’ scores. B. To study students’ health conditions. C. To make bullying problems happen less in schools. D. To find students at risk of not attending school. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The job of school nurses. B. How the AI system checks kids’ health. C. The main focus of the AI system. D. Why students need better education. 3. How did the city protect students’ information? A. Make strict rules about data using. B. Hide all the data after testing. C. Give up using their real information. D. Send the result only to their parents. 4. What is Makiko Nakamuro’s attitude towards the AI system? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Anxious. D. Confused. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了日本一座城市如何使用人工智能来帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems.(日本一座城市正在使用人工智能来帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题。他们查看学生的信息，看看谁可能会因为担心、被欺负或其他问题而停止来上学)”可知，日本城市使用人工智能的主要目的是为了帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题，发现有失学风险的学生。故选D。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied.(人工智能系统着眼于孩子们上学的频率、他们在学校的表现以及他们是否健康。它还会查看他们是否经常去学校护士那里，或者是否有关于他们被欺负的报道)”可知，第三段详细介绍了AI系统分析的数据类型，包括学生的出勤率、学业成绩、健康状况、访问校医的频率以及是否有被欺凌的报告。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能系统关注哪些信息。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段的“To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测).(为了保护孩子们的信息安全，该市制定了关于如何使用数据的规则，并确保不会因为AI的预测而对学生不公平对待)”可知，该市通过制定严格的数据使用规则来保护学生信息。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的““By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education.(“通过使用真实信息，我们或许能够阻止孩子们不愿意上学的问题，”来自庆应义塾大学的教育专家Makiko Nakamuro教授说道)”可知，Makiko Nakamuro认为通过使用真实的信息，我们可能能够阻止孩子们不想上学，由此可推知，Makiko Nakamuro对人工智能系统的态度是支持的。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建厦门·期中） Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model. “Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste. When they do have waste, even if minimal, they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that’s then used across the Walt Disney World property. They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce, prepared, but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated. Disney also works with pig farmers when they can’t distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that. Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft. Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year, plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis. They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food, but an appreciation for nature. 1. Where did Michael Gonsalves’ idea about cuisine come from? A. His mom’s suggestions. B. His dream of becoming a chef. C. His interest in delicious food. D. His labor experience as a child. 2. How are the ingredients dealt with in Golden Oak? A. They are grilled to eat. B. They are used to the fullest. C. They are divided into groups. D. They are selected by quality. 3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Give examples about zero waste. B. Introduce the unique habit of wildlife. C. Stress the importance of natural food. D. Explain the operation mode of the food bank. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Disney World:New Cuisine Road B. Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef C. Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity D. Disney World:Pioneer in Environmental Protection 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”可知，Michael Gonsalves的烹饪理念源于他小时候的劳动体验。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.(然后，他们的重点是确保他们欣赏和尊重每一个部分。例如，他们采购的鸡肉是自然生长的，以天然植物饲料喂养，不含激素或添加剂——从简单的烤鸡胸肉到骨汤，这些都在菜单中以多种方式使用。没有什么是浪费的)”可知，金橡树餐充餐厅分利用食材的每一个部分，没有什么浪费。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。第二段末句“Nothing goes to waste.(没有什么会被浪费)”提到餐厅没有什么浪费，结合第三段内容可知，本段是举例说明上文提及的“零浪费”，如把垃圾转化成堆肥，剩余食品捐给当地社区食品银行、与养猪户合作以及投喂给野生动物，故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”及倒数第二段中“Their operations are ‘on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow’(他们的行为是‘走向未来可持续零浪费厨房的道路’)”可知，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”，A项“迪士尼世界：新美食道路”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建厦门·期中） “You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time. Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses. For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement. The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics -- in particular, related to failure -- are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests. Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation. 1. Which of the following is an example of process response? A. You are a lucky dog. B. Running is in your blood. C. What works well for your study? D. Why are you such a math genius? 2. What can be inferred from the study results? A. Parents prefer to give more process responses. B. Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety. C. Process responses help with children’s math achievement. D. Person responses can discourage children from learning math. 3. What do researchers advise parents to do? A. Restrict person responses. B. Defend their own beliefs. C. Stress children’s performance. D. Ignore children’s math problems. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps B. The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters C. Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance D. Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是父母对孩子的数学学习做出不同的反应，会对孩子产生不同的作用；用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子，可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.(相比之下，将孩子的行为（如努力或策略的使用）与他们的表现联系起来的父母正在使用过程反应。)”可知，将孩子的行为与他们的表现联系起来的父母使用的是过程反应，分析四个选项，C项“What works well for your study?(什么对你的学习有效？)”将孩子的行为与表现联系起来，符合语境，属于“过程反应”，故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics -- in particular, related to failure -- are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.(虽然强调策略和努力的回答与任何成绩结果无关，但收到更多关于个人特征（特别是与失败有关的）回答的孩子更有可能避免更难的数学问题，表现出更高的数学焦虑水平，在数学成绩测试中得分更低。)”可推理出，个人反应会阻碍孩子学习数学，故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.(因为个人反应预示着孩子随着时间的推移会有较差的数学适应能力，研究人员建议父母在家里限制这种反应。)”可知，专家建议父母限制个人反应，故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读整篇文章，尤其是第一段中“Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.(最近，乔治亚大学进行的一项新研究发现，随着时间的推移，鼓励孩子用与他们的个人特征或天生能力相关的回答可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成就。)”可知，文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出不同的反应，会对孩子产生不同的作用；用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子，可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。所以B项“The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters(父母与孩子谈论数学问题的方式)”可作为最恰当的题目，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期中） Music can make us feel all sorts of different emotions. There might be a certain song that reminds you of a time of your life-a particular day or moment. Maybe it’s the song that was playing when you met your partner, or when you last saw your best friend. But according to new research, music may be able to do more than just bring back memories — it could even affect the way we remember the past. Researchers in the US did an experiment in which test subjects were asked to memorize a number of short stories that were described as “emotionally neutral (中性的).” A day later, the subjects were asked to think about these stories while listening to positive music, unpleasant music or silence. They also had MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) to measure their brain activity while listening and thinking about the stories. Then the next day, they were asked to think back the stories without listening to any music. The researchers found that when people were thinking about the stories and listening to emotional music, they were more likely to add new “emotional parts” into the story that matched the music. For example, if they were listening to positive music when thinking back the story, they were more likely to remember the story in a positive way, even when they thought back the story later and the music was not playing. The researchers also saw increased activity in the parts of test subjects’ brains connected with emotional memory processing while people were listening to music and thinking about the stories. The research team said this may explain why music connected with an important life event can feel so powerful when we listen to it again later. They also said the idea of using music to influence memories could be useful for helping people with things like depression (抑郁). 1. How did the researchers get their findings? A. By doing mental tests. B. By making comparisons. C. By referring to historical records. D. By recording subjects’ daily activities. 2. What did the MRI scans show about subjects’ brain activity? A. Music decreased brain activity related to memory. B. Brain activity was not related to the type of music. C. Silence had the greatest effect on memory processing. D. Emotional music increased activity in emotional memory areas. 3. What possible application did the researchers suggest for using music to affect memories? A. Promoting musical skills. B. Improving students’ studies. C. Helping people with depression. D. Reducing the effects of aging. 4. In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the passage? A. Scientific Observation. B. Music Education. C. Art Appreciation. D. Internet Technology. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐能影响人们对过去记忆的方式及潜在应用。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Researchers in the US did an experiment in which test subjects were asked to memorize a number of short stories that were described as “emotionally neutral (中性的).(美国的研究人员进行了一项实验，在实验中，受试对象被要求记住一些被描述为 “情感中性” 的短篇故事)”以及第三段“A day later, the subjects were asked to think about these stories while listening to positive music, unpleasant music or silence. They also had MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) to measure their brain activity while listening and thinking about the stories. Then the next day, they were asked to think back the stories without listening to any music.(一天后，这些受试对象被要求在听积极向上的音乐、令人不悦的音乐或者处于安静状态时，去回想那些故事。在他们听音乐并回想故事的同时，研究人员还对他们进行了磁共振成像扫描，以测量他们的大脑活动。然后，在第二天，受试对象被要求在不听任何音乐的情况下，再次回想那些故事)”可知，研究人员通过做实验，让受试者在不同音乐条件下回忆故事，并通过MRI扫描来测量他们的大脑活动，从而得到他们的发现。由此可推知，研究人员是通过做对比实验得到他们的发现的。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The researchers also saw increased activity in the parts of test subjects’ brains connected with emotional memory processing while people were listening to music and thinking about the stories.(研究人员还发现，当人们一边听音乐一边思考这些故事时，测试对象大脑中与情感记忆处理相关的部分区域的活动有所增强)”可知，当人们在听音乐并思考故事时，研究人员发现受试者大脑中与情感记忆处理相关的部分活动增加。因此，MRI扫描显示情感音乐增加了情感记忆区域的活动。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“They also said the idea of using music to influence memories could be useful for helping people with things like depression (抑郁).(他们还表示，利用音乐来影响记忆的这一想法，可能有助于帮助那些患有抑郁症之类病症的人)”可知，研究人员认为使用音乐来影响记忆的想法可能有助于帮助患有抑郁症等疾病的人。由此可推知，研究人员建议使用音乐影响记忆的可能应用是帮助患有抑郁症的人。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的内容，尤其是第二段的“But according to new research, music may be able to do more than just bring back memories—it could even affect the way we remember the past.(但根据一项新的研究，音乐所能做到的可能不仅仅是唤起回忆——它甚至还能影响我们回忆过去的方式)”可知，本文主要讲述了音乐对人们记忆的影响以及潜在的应用，这属于科学研究的范畴。因此，我们可以在报纸的科学观察部分找到这篇文章。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东济南·期中） Dreaming appears to have little connection to work. However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled (回忆), people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work. The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5,000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study. “An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions. For example, we arrive at work shortly after interacting with our loved ones who have passed away, narrowly escaping or performing arts of amazing ability.” Belinda, the chief of the study, said. “These experiences bleed into and affect our waking lives, including how productive we are at work.” Assume you recall an awe-inspiring dream in the morning, and then later in the afternoon, your boss tells you to conduct 10 more interviews than you were expecting to do. You might now think that it’s not that big a deal because your awe-inspiring dream just puts everything into perspective. You have a greater realization that there’s a bigger world out there and you’re just part of it. “So, get a good night’s sleep for waking wonder!” Belinda added. Studies show that dreams appear. in all stages of sleep and are impactful. However, the most vivid dreams—those most likely to have meaning and create waking wander—appear during REM sleep. Because REM sleep takes place late in a given sleep cycle (循环), getting enough and high-quality sleep will help you get the most out of your dreams. Sleep tracking devices can show when and how much time you spend in REM sleep, which help improve sleep schedules to increase the chance of having awe-inspiring dreams. For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work. 1. What is paragraph 2 intended to explain? A. Why a dream is recorded. B. How the study is conducted. C. What the study revealed. D. Who joined in the research. 2. Which is an awe-inspiring dream according to paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Failing a tough test. B. Meeting with strangers. C. Saving people like a superman. D. Being stuck in a traffic accident. 3. What does the last paragraph recommend? A. Sleep-tracking study. B. Quality sleep. C. Waking wonder. D. Healthy living habits. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Dreams can be channeled for productivity. B. Dreams impact all sleep stages. C. Dreams contribute to one’s mental health. D. Dreams are attracting greater attention worldwide. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了梦境对工作的影响。研究表明，当人们回忆起梦境时，会将其与清醒时的生活联系起来，而这些联系会影响他们在工作中的思考、感受和行为方式。因此，获得充足、高质量的睡眠有助于人们更好地利用梦境，从而提高工作效率。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5,000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study.(该团队进行的研究共收集了大约5000份全职员工的早晨梦境回忆报告。研究人员发布了上午的实地研究，一天的上午到下午的研究，以及为期两周的经验抽样研究)”可知，第二段主要解释了研究是如何进行。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中““An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions. For example, we arrive at work shortly after interacting with our loved ones who have passed away, narrowly escaping or performing arts of amazing ability.(一个令人敬畏的梦极具影响力且令人难忘，往往包含非凡的经历或互动。例如，在与已故的亲人交流后不久我们就到了工作地点，或是惊险逃脱，又或是展现出惊人的艺术表演能力。)”可推知，令人敬畏的梦常常是非凡的经历或互动。结合选项，“像超人一样救人”并不是日常生活的可能出现的场景，展示了非凡的经历。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Belinda的话“So, get a good night's sleep for waking wonder!(所以，睡个好觉，迎接清晨的惊喜吧！)”和“For both managers and employees, how much or how well people slept really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work.(对于管理者和员工来说，人们睡得多少或睡得好真的很重要，这可以提高工作效率)”可知，Belinda推荐优质睡眠。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Dreaming appears to have little connection to work. However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled, people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work.(做梦似乎和工作没有什么关系。然而，新的研究表明，当人们第一次回忆起梦境时，往往会把梦境和现实生活联系起来，而这种联系会改变他们在工作中的思考、感受和行为)”和最后一段中“For both managers and employees, how much or how well people slept really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work.(对于管理者和员工来说，人们睡得多少或睡得好真的很重要，这可以提高工作效率)”可推知，文章用研究来说明当人们回忆起梦境时，会将其与清醒时的生活联系起来，而这些联系会影响他们在工作中的思考、感受和行为方式。因此，获得充足、高质量的睡眠有助于人们更好地利用梦境，从而提高工作效率。因此“梦可以用于提高工作效率”是文章主要内容。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·陕西周至·期中） One way to prevent anxiety from getting out of control is to recognize its benefits. It is a mistake to think that we’ d make better decisions if only we keep our feelings under control. Instead, a mix of feelings like anxiety and logical (合逻辑的) thinking leads to sound decision-making. It’s true that there is plenty of research showing that higher levels of anxiety can make us more likely to avoid risks in our decision-making. There is also evidence that anxiety can increase the attention you pay to relevant information. Recent studies have shown that people who are anxious about their relationship (for example, they fear to be abandoned) tend to be better at recognising people who tell lies and are more likely to raise the alarm when danger is present. In the real world though, it’s worth realising that feeling anxious once in a while is extremely common. It communicates to others that you care, and what’s more, it’s probably a sign that you are intelligent. At least two published studies have identified that people who score higher on measures of anxiety also tend to perform better on intelligence tests. This seems reasonable: if you’re a thinker, you are sure to be always thinking about the future and imagine possible plots, including bad ones. The important thing, if you are a worrywart (杞人忧天者), is not to let your fear destroy your dreams. And don’t bury your head in the sand. Instead, act on your fears — do the research as well as preparation, so rather than walking blindly into that which you fear, you meet the challenge in full readiness. When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem. No one is denying that. But like everyday anxiety of this kind that you feel before a presentation or interview, you needn’t see it as your enemy. Anxiety is an important feeling, developed through evolution. As for people who are fairly anxious by nature, there is reason for cheer, too. Your nerves (神经紧张) are a sign of your watchfulness. Listen to them and act on them. Then you can turn your nervousness into your advantage. 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph about anxiety? A. It can enable us to be more focused. B. It can stop us from thinking logically C. It can make us more willing to take risks. D. It can be the only reason for all bad decisions. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. Anxious people are less sensitive to danger. B. Anxious people have difficulty discovering liars. C. Feeling anxious is more likely to put people at risk. D. Feeling anxious occasionally is a sign of intelligence. 3. How should we deal with anxiety in the author’s opinion? A. Regard it as our enemy. B. Take action to control it. C. Avoid being defeated by it. D. Treat it as a minor feeling. 4. What is the theme of the passage? A. Effective ways to prevent anxiety. B. Unexpected benefits of anxiety C. Tips on how to keep a good mood. D. Common misunderstandings about anxiety. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了焦虑的益处，指出焦虑并非全然有害，适度的焦虑能提高注意力、增强智力表现，并鼓励人们正确面对和处理焦虑，将其转化为优势。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“There is also evidence that anxiety can increase the attention you pay to relevant information. (也有证据表明，焦虑会增加你对相关信息的注意力。)”可知，焦虑能让我们更专注。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the real world though, it’s worth realising that feeling anxious once in a while is extremely common. It communicates to others that you care, and what’s more, it’s probably a sign that you are intelligent. At least two published studies have identified that people who score higher on measures of anxiety also tend to perform better on intelligence tests. (然而在现实世界中，值得意识到的是，偶尔感到焦虑是极为常见的。它向他人表明你在乎，而且，这很可能是你聪明的一个标志。至少有两项已发表的研究表明，在焦虑测试中得分较高的人在智力测试中也往往表现得更好。)”可知，偶尔感到焦虑是聪明的一种表现。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The important thing, if you are a worrywart (杞人忧天者), is not to let your fear destroy your dreams. And don’t bury your head in the sand. Instead, act on your fears — do the research as well as preparation, so rather than walking blindly into that which you fear, you meet the challenge in full readiness. (如果你是一个杞人忧天者，重要的是不要让你的恐惧摧毁你的梦想。不要把头埋在沙子里。相反，要采取行动来应对你的恐惧 —— 做研究和准备，这样你就能做好充分的准备来迎接挑战，而不是盲目地走进你所恐惧的事物。)”以及第五段“When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem. No one is denying that. But like everyday anxiety of this kind that you feel before a presentation or interview, you needn’t see it as your enemy. Anxiety is an important feeling, developed through evolution. As for people who are fairly anxious by nature, there is reason for cheer, too. Your nerves (神经紧张) are a sign of your watchfulness. Listen to them and act on them. Then you can turn your nervousness into your advantage. (当焦虑打败你，或者给你的生活蒙上阴影时，这是个严重的问题。没人否认这一点。但就像你在做演讲或面试前感受到的日常焦虑一样，你不必把它视为敌人。焦虑是一种重要的情绪，是通过进化形成的。对于天生就相当焦虑的人来说，也有值得欣慰的理由。你的神经紧张表明你警觉。倾听它们并据此行动。这样你就能把紧张转化为优势。)”可知，作者认为不应让焦虑摧毁自己，而应将其转化为优势，即避免被焦虑击败。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“One way to prevent anxiety from getting out of control is to recognize its benefits. (防止焦虑失控的一个方法是认识到它的好处。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了焦虑的益处，鼓励人们正确面对和处理焦虑。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·四川眉山东坡区·期中） Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days. But the researchers are trying to help them: it is a controlled experiment that reveals how high wind speeds significantly reduce the efficiency of their feeding. With no wind, the bees on average took nectar (花蜜) from 5.45 flowers during their 90-second time trial. When wind speeds were increased, this fell to an average of 3.73 flowers. Researchers also examined the indirect impact of higher winds by moving the flowers. The findings reveal that, while flower movement did not appear to have an effect on the bees, the movement of air from the fans made them much more hesitant to take off from a flower, with time taken ranging from an initial 0.05 seconds to 54 seconds. Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speed reduced the bees’ body temperature, so they require longer to warm up the flight muscles required to take off. “With wind speeds predicted to increase in the years ahead, understanding how we can help bees in a changing climate is becoming ever more pressing. Although we can’t do much to control or stop the wind, we can take steps to reduce its impact on bees, such as placing hives in sheltered locations,” said Hennessy. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization warned last year that the decline in global bee populations was a “threat to global food security and diversity”. Dave Goulson, professor of biology at the University of Sussex, said:“Bees already face many pressures in the modern world, such as loss of habitats and exposure to pesticides (杀虫剂), and a great many are in decline. Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.” 1. What task did the researchers set for the bees? A. Identifying the new route. B. Surviving in extreme conditions. C. Feeding under different wind speeds. D. Distinguishing various kinds of flowers. 2. What probably makes a bee hesitant to take off from a flower? A. A full stomach. B. Loss of balance. C. Changed flower positions. D. Reduced body temperature. 3. What can we do to reduce the impact of high winds on bees? A. Stop the wind. B. Restore their habitats. C. Address climate change. D. Prohibit the use of pesticides. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Loss of bees causes failure of food crops B. Bees are on the decline as global heating worsens C. Bees may struggle in winds caused by global warming D. Artificial flowers are used for threatened bee populations 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于风速对蜜蜂进食效率的影响的实验，进而引出蜜蜂当下所面临的困境，并引发对于如何解决这一问题的思考。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days.(几十只蜜蜂通常在离开校园花园的蜂巢后以野花为食，它们被骗进小屋，以一朵人造花为食。一次只允许一只蜜蜂进入，并在不同的风扇速度下对它们造访人造花进行录像和计时，模拟了平静和有风的日子)”可知，研究人员为蜜蜂设置的任务是在不同的风速下进食。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Georgia Hennessy, lead author of the research, said that one possible reason for the wind causing hesitancy was that small increases in wind speed reduced the bees’ body temperature, so they require longer to warm up the flight muscles required to take off.(这项研究的主要作者Georgia Hennessy说，风导致蜜蜂迟疑的一个可能原因是风速的小幅增加降低了蜜蜂的体温，因此它们需要更长的时间来预热起飞所需的飞行肌群)”可知，降低的体温导致蜜蜂从一朵花到另一朵花的迟疑。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.(应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草)”可知，应对风变多的天气是最后的办法，故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章内容，尤其第一段本“Dozens of honey bees, which usually feed on wild flowers after leaving their hives (蜂房) in the campus gardens, were tricked into the cottage to feed from an artificial flower. Only one bee was allowed in at a time, and their visits to artificial flowers were videoed and timed under different fan speeds, which mimicked (模拟) calm and windy days.(几十只蜜蜂通常在离开校园花园的蜂巢后以野花为食，它们被骗进小屋，以一朵人造花为食。一次只允许一只蜜蜂进入，并在不同的风扇速度下对它们造访人造花进行录像和计时，模拟了平静和有风的日子)”和最后一段的“Coping with increasingly windy weather under climate change may be the final straw.(应对气候变化下日益多风的天气可能是最后一根稻草)”可知，文主要围绕风速对于蜜蜂进食速率的影响的相关研究，进而引申出当下蜜蜂所面临的困境，以及如何解决该问题。故C项“蜜蜂可能会在全球变暖引起的大风中挣扎”可以作为本文标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·四川眉山东坡区·期中） French company Airseas, has promised to help cargo (货物) ships reduce their fuel consumption, and cut their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 20%. And they’re doing this with the Seawing—a 1,000 square meter kite that will fly 300 meters (984 feet) above the water’s surface. So the globul shipping industry is apparently rediscovering the joy and efficiency of sails. The large, ship-sized kite is currently being developed, and the company plans to open a factory to produce the Seawing in 2026. Once manufactured, Airseas has promised that launching and operating a Seawing on a cargo vessel will be automated, making it easy to use for crews. The kite and the equipment that launches it are mounted on a boat’s deck, and the crew can simply press some buttons and a large kite will rise into the sky. That’s not to say that the cargo ships won’t use their engines at all, but the kite will take some pressure off of those engines and will reduce the need for fuel. The wind will move the ship, just like it did for hundreds of years in the old days before industrialization. Lowering emissions by 20% may not seem like a big deal, but moving vast amounts of goods back and forth on the high seas creates 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. That’s more than the airline industry, which produced about 2% of the world’s emissions in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency. Shipping is also a massive industry, and one worth focusing on for lowering emissions. About 90% of the world’s traded goods are moved around via shipping vessels (大船), according to the International Chamber of Shipping. Some companies are expecting this new version of sails. Japanese shipping company, “K” Line has placed orders for the Seawing kite, and the European Union has also invested more than $2 million in funding. 1. What is French company Airseas trying to do? A. Participate in kite-flying competitions. B. Make sea exploration easy and joyful. C. Produce big kites to be used for sailing D. Ship cargoes with low fuel consumption. 2. What’s the feature of the Seawing? A. It will completely replace engines. B. It will be a light-weight device. C. It will be easily operated by crews. D. It will follow the cargo vessel at sea. 3. Why is the airline industry mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To confirm a prediction. B. To make a comparison. C. To lead in a new topic. D. To analyze cause and effect. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. The shipping industry is getting popular again. B. The GHG emissions are being greatly reduced. C. Seawing factories are to be opened in Europe, D. Kites on boat are helping cut shipping emissions. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是法国Airseas公司正在研发一种大型风筝以帮助轮船减少油耗，降低温室气体排放。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“French company Airseas, has promised to help cargo (货物) ships reduce their fuel consumption, and cut their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 20%. And they’re doing this with the Seawing—a 1,000 square meter kite that will fly 300 meters (984 feet) above the water’s surface.(法国公司Airseas承诺帮助货船减少燃料消耗，并将其温室气体排放量平均减少20%。他们正在用一个1000平方米的风筝来做这件事，它将在水面以上300米（984英尺）的地方飞行。)”及第二段首句“The large, ship-sized kite is currently being developed, and the company plans to open a factory to produce the Seawing in 2026.(目前正在开发船舶大小的大型风筝，该公司计划在2026年开设生产Seawing的工厂。)”可知，法国航空公司想制作用于航海的大风筝，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Once manufactured, Airseas has promised that launching and operating a Seawing on a cargo vessel will be automated, making it easy to use for crews. The kite and the equipment that launches it are mounted on a boat’s deck, and the crew can simply press some buttons and a large kite will rise into the sky.(一旦制造出来，Airseas承诺在货船上发射和操作Seawing将是自动化的，使其易于船员使用。风筝和发射它的设备安装在船的甲板上，船员只需按几个按钮，一个大风筝就会升上天空。)”可知，在货船上发射和操作 Seawing将是自动化，风等设备就在船的甲板上，船员按几个按钮风筝就能升空。简言之, Seawing 的特点就是容易操作。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Lowering emissions by 20% may not seem like a big deal, but moving vast amounts of goods back and forth on the high seas creates 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. That’s more than the airline industry, which produced about 2% of the world’s emissions in 2021(减少20%的排放量似乎不是什么大事，但在公海上来回运输大量货物产生的温室气体排放量占世界温室气体排放量的3%。这比航空业还要多，航空业在2021年的排放量约占全球的2%)”可知，将排放量减少20%似乎不是什么大不了的事，但在公海上来回运输大量货物造成了世界3%的温室气体排放，这比航空业还多，航空业在2021年的排放量约占世界的2%。由此推断，该段提到航空业是为了进行对比说明。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“French company Airseas, has promised to help cargo (货物) ships reduce their fuel consumption, and cut their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 20%. And they’re doing this with the Seawing—a 1,000 square meter kite that will fly 300 meters (984 feet) above the water’s surface.(法国公司Airseas承诺帮助货船减少燃料消耗，并将其温室气体排放量平均减少20%。他们正在用一个1000平方米的风筝来做这件事，它将在水面以上300米（984英尺）的地方飞行。)”可知，文章主要介绍法国Airseas公司正在研发一种在水面上方300米处飞行的1000平方米的风筝，可以帮助轮船降低20%的温室气体排放，因此最好的题目是D选项“Kites on boat are helping cut shipping emissions.(船上的风筝有助于减少航运排放。)”。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $