Unit 3 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（分层作业）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、汉译英。 1. apart________________除……之外（都）；除……之外（尚有） 2. be known________________以……而著名 3. instead________________代替；而不是 4. be attached________________喜欢；依恋 5. take________________发生 6. die________________死于 7. come up________________想出；提出 8. be amazed________________对……感到惊讶 9. ____________________发现 10. ____________________在空气中燃烧 11. ____________________做实验 12. ____________________重量发生变化 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The ________ (宣言，宣告) of Independence is an important document in American history. 2. There are many ______ (证据) that this place is rich in mineral resources. 　 3. There is some confusion about what the correct ___________ (步骤) should be. 4. Her opinion is________(完全) different from mine, so we had a long discussion. 5. Dr. Tu Youyou, an admirable scientist, ________ (开展) hundreds of experiments before she successfully discovered artemisinin. 6. The senior high school student was too nervous to give a detailed ________ (描述) of what had happened to him. 7. We looked up to the scientist as a shining example of devotion to the ________ (科学的) cause. 8. A car's headlights _________ (闪耀) in the distance before disappearing behind the hill. 三、单句语法填空。 1. Many doctors are committed to ___________ (conduct) important research into how to handle severe disease. 2. The movie was shot _________ (entire) on location in Italy. 3. I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material ___________ (attach) to the letter. 4. Moreover, there is scientific ________ (prove) that using chopsticks does us a lot of good, like increasing finger flexibility, improving eyesight, helping us lose weight and making us smarter. 5. There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your ________ (science) research. 6. In 1863, President Lincoln issued a ________ (declare) calling for the last Thursday of November to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving. 7. Though some doubted the ________ (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 8. A medical team ________(consist) of 5 doctors and 2 nurses set off for the earthquake­stricken area. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 他发现很难专注于物理实验，因为他旁边的家伙一直在干扰他。 He found it hard to ______ on the physics ______ because the guy next to him kept distracting him. 2. 我无法集中注意力做这个实验。 I couldn’t ________ ________ ________ ________. 3. 虽然我已经完成了演讲稿的草稿, 但我并不满意。（although引导让步状语从句） _________________, I am not satisfied with it. 4. 闪电划破天空, 让乌云看起来更加可怕。 ____________, making the dark clouds look even scarier. 5. 他不知道她喜欢什么。 He doesn’t know ___________________. 6. 不止一个孩子已经读过这个故事。 More than one boy ___________________. 7. 北极熊虽然会游泳，但也是陆栖动物。 ___________________, the polar bears are terrestrial animals. 8. 格林先生和他的妻子及孩子已经来到中国。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, ___________________. 五、语法填空 “I think it’s more important than ever in the world we live in today. Each and every one of us makes some     1     (different) to the planet every single day that we live. “ Jane Goodall was just 26 years old when she arrived in Africa with no formal scientific training.     2     (equip) with only a notepad and a pair of binoculars (望远镜), she discovered something     3     completely changed our understanding of our     4     (close) living animal relative — the wild chimpanzees — primates (灵长类动物) that made and used tools, ate meat, held rain dances and     5     (challenge) for leadership in organized ways. Jane gave the chimps names, noticed and recorded just how     6     (extreme) similar they were to humans. Her observation redefined how we see these remarkable creatures. She spent all her life     7     (protect) the animals and their habitats.      8     (recognize) the contributions she was making to science, the University of Cambridge accepted her into its doctoral program in 1961 without an undergraduate degree. She     9     (award) her doctorate in 1965.  Jane Goodall will be remembered     10     her amazing work with chimpanzees, and reminding the world that compassion, curiosity and courage can change it. 六、阅读理解 People with severe vision loss have been able to read again, thanks to a tiny wireless chip implanted in one of their eyes and a pair of high-tech glasses. Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a common eye disease that mainly affects the macula in the center of the retina (视网膜) and damages the central vision of people, especially the elderly. It occurs when light-sensitive photoreceptor (光感受器) cells and neurons in the centre of the retina become damaged. People with an advanced stage of AMD known as geographic atrophy (萎缩) usually still have some photoreceptor cells and enough retinal neurons to pass visual information to the brain. Taking advantage of this, Daniel Palanker at Stanford University in California and his colleagues have developed a device called PRIMA. It involves a small camera mounted on a pair of glasses that captures images, then projects them via infrared light to a 2-by-2millimetre solar-powered, wireless chip planted in the back of the eye. The chip then turns the image information into an electrical signal that retinal neurons can pass to the brain. To put it to the test, the researchers recruited 32 people aged 60 or older with geographic atrophy. Their vision in at least one eye was worse than 20/320, which means they could only see at 6 metres what a person with 20/20 vision could see at 97.5 metres. The researchers first planted the chip in the eyes of one of the participants. Then, four to five weeks later, the volunteers began to use the glasses in their daily lives. The glasses allowed them to enlarge what they were seeing by up to 12 times and to adjust the brightness and contrast. After a year, 27 of the participants could read again, as well as perceive shapes and patterns. They could also see an additional five lines, on average, on a standard eye test chart. Some could even read with vision equal to 20/42. The boosted vision the participants experienced is in black and white. “Our next goal is to add the software that will help resolve grey scales and enhance them for face recognition,” suggests Palanker. 1. How does the author introduce AMD? A．By giving a definition. B．By offering examples. C．By providing statistics. D．By making comparison. 2. What can be inferred about the PRIMA device in Paragraph 3? A．It relies on batteries to power the chip. B．It captures images using a large camera. C．It operates without any connection to the eye. D．It works by sending electrical signals to the brain. 3. What can be concluded about the participants in the test? A．Most of them got better eyesight. B．All of them were over 60 years old. C．Their vision was measured as 20/320. D．Their glasses are equipped with chips. 4. What is Palanker’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible application of the device. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Hidden limitations for further study. 七、七选五 Today, screens have become an inseparable part of human life.     1     While technology offers numerous benefits, excessive screen time can negatively impact their health. If you are parents, the following are a number of beneficial tips that can help keep your children active and healthy in the digital world.  Setting very clear rules for screen time is the first step. Regardless of age, it is important for children to have consistent limits on it daily. Make sure to spell these limits out loud and clear for children, explaining to them why such limits have been set in place.     2     It is also very important to balance screen time with outdoor play and exercise.     3     As you know, interest is the best teacher. And regular exercise helps them develop the motor skills of the body, builds strength, and keeps them at a healthy weight.      4     For example, the interactive games get kids up and moving around through dancing or sports-type video games. Setting activity challenges is also helpful. During screen time, challenge your children by taking breaks and doing brief physical activities. Challenge them to ten jumping jacks, running on the spot, or stretching every 30 minutes.  Many children tend to imitate(模仿)their parents’ behavior. Therefore, the first step toward developing good screen habits involves being a role model.     5     Besides, make it a point to discuss media use openly with your children to guide them effectively. A．Parents and children should establish a good relationship. B．If necessary, carry out this with the help of parental control tools. C．Separating study time from play time is the most suitable for them. D．Limit your own screen time and engage in the face-to-face interactions. E．Motivate your children to get involved in different sports that they enjoy. F．From study to play, children are increasingly exposed to electronic devices. G．Combining screen time with physical activities can help engage children more. 八、完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good ____1_____. He makes full ____2_____of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas ____3_____ and makes experiments to prove (证明) them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to ____4_____ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____5_____ that we should learn science by observing and ____6_____ on the things around us, and he himself ____7_____ many important truths. Galileo (1564 — 1642), ____8_____, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most ____9_____ of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _____10_____ towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _____11_____ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s ____12_____ of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has ____13_____ all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the _____14_____ of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those ____15_____observations have produced better results. 1. A．farmer B．observer C．worker D．student 2. A．use B．sense C．speed D．trust 3. A．casually B．quickly C．carefully D．privately 4. A．date B．keep C．look D．come 5. A．command B．suspect C．suggest D．conclude 6. A．casting B．pouring C．experimenting D．applying 7. A．brought B．announced C．handled D．discovered 8. A．but B．however C．though D．therefore 9. A．outstanding B．naughty C．awful D．ordinary 10. A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily 11. A．big B．small C．similar D．unequal 12. A．skill B．spirit C．theory D．wish 13. A．put forward B．turned to C．set up D．led to 14. A．vision B．finding C．shadow D．example 15. A．whose B．how C．what D．which 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、汉译英。 1. apart________________除……之外（都）；除……之外（尚有） 2. be known________________以……而著名 3. instead________________代替；而不是 4. be attached________________喜欢；依恋 5. take________________发生 6. die________________死于 7. come up________________想出；提出 8. be amazed________________对……感到惊讶 9. ____________________发现 10. ____________________在空气中燃烧 11. ____________________做实验 12. ____________________重量发生变化 【答案】 【小题1】from 【小题2】as 【小题3】of 【小题4】to 【小题5】place 【小题6】from 【小题7】with 【小题8】by/at 【小题9】find out 【小题10】 burn in the air 【小题11】do/perform/conduct/carry out the experiment 【小题12】a change in weight 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The ________ (宣言，宣告) of Independence is an important document in American history. 2. There are many ______ (证据) that this place is rich in mineral resources. 　 3. There is some confusion about what the correct ___________ (步骤) should be. 4. Her opinion is________(完全) different from mine, so we had a long discussion. 5. Dr. Tu Youyou, an admirable scientist, ________ (开展) hundreds of experiments before she successfully discovered artemisinin. 6. The senior high school student was too nervous to give a detailed ________ (描述) of what had happened to him. 7. We looked up to the scientist as a shining example of devotion to the ________ (科学的) cause. 8. A car's headlights _________ (闪耀) in the distance before disappearing behind the hill. 【答案】 1. Declaration 2. proofs 3. procedure 4. entirely/totally/completely/utterly 5. had conducted 6. account/description 7. scientific 8. flashed 三、单句语法填空。 1. Many doctors are committed to ___________ (conduct) important research into how to handle severe disease. 2. The movie was shot _________ (entire) on location in Italy. 3. I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material ___________ (attach) to the letter. 4. Moreover, there is scientific ________ (prove) that using chopsticks does us a lot of good, like increasing finger flexibility, improving eyesight, helping us lose weight and making us smarter. 5. There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your ________ (science) research. 6. In 1863, President Lincoln issued a ________ (declare) calling for the last Thursday of November to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving. 7. Though some doubted the ________ (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 8. A medical team ________(consist) of 5 doctors and 2 nurses set off for the earthquake­stricken area. 【答案】 1. conducting 2. entirely 3. attached 4.proof 5. scientific 6. declaration 7. experiment’s 8. consisting 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 他发现很难专注于物理实验，因为他旁边的家伙一直在干扰他。 He found it hard to ______ on the physics ______ because the guy next to him kept distracting him. 2. 我无法集中注意力做这个实验。 I couldn’t ________ ________ ________ ________. 3. 虽然我已经完成了演讲稿的草稿, 但我并不满意。（although引导让步状语从句） _________________, I am not satisfied with it. 4. 闪电划破天空, 让乌云看起来更加可怕。 ____________, making the dark clouds look even scarier. 5. 他不知道她喜欢什么。 He doesn’t know ___________________. 6. 不止一个孩子已经读过这个故事。 More than one boy ___________________. 7. 北极熊虽然会游泳，但也是陆栖动物。 ___________________, the polar bears are terrestrial animals. 8. 格林先生和他的妻子及孩子已经来到中国。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, ___________________. 【答案】 1. focus/concentrate experiment 2. concentrate on the experiment 3. Although I have finished a draft of my speech 4. Lightning split the sky 5. what she likes 6. has read the story 7. Although they can swim 8. has come to China 五、语法填空 “I think it’s more important than ever in the world we live in today. Each and every one of us makes some     1     (different) to the planet every single day that we live. “ Jane Goodall was just 26 years old when she arrived in Africa with no formal scientific training.     2     (equip) with only a notepad and a pair of binoculars (望远镜), she discovered something     3     completely changed our understanding of our     4     (close) living animal relative — the wild chimpanzees — primates (灵长类动物) that made and used tools, ate meat, held rain dances and     5     (challenge) for leadership in organized ways. Jane gave the chimps names, noticed and recorded just how     6     (extreme) similar they were to humans. Her observation redefined how we see these remarkable creatures. She spent all her life     7     (protect) the animals and their habitats.      8     (recognize) the contributions she was making to science, the University of Cambridge accepted her into its doctoral program in 1961 without an undergraduate degree. She     9     (award) her doctorate in 1965.  Jane Goodall will be remembered     10     her amazing work with chimpanzees, and reminding the world that compassion, curiosity and courage can change it. 【答案】 【小题1】difference 【小题2】Equipped 【小题3】that 【小题4】closest 【小题5】challenged 【小题6】extremely 【小题7】protecting 【小题8】Recognizing 【小题9】wasawarded 【小题10】for　 六、阅读理解 People with severe vision loss have been able to read again, thanks to a tiny wireless chip implanted in one of their eyes and a pair of high-tech glasses. Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a common eye disease that mainly affects the macula in the center of the retina (视网膜) and damages the central vision of people, especially the elderly. It occurs when light-sensitive photoreceptor (光感受器) cells and neurons in the centre of the retina become damaged. People with an advanced stage of AMD known as geographic atrophy (萎缩) usually still have some photoreceptor cells and enough retinal neurons to pass visual information to the brain. Taking advantage of this, Daniel Palanker at Stanford University in California and his colleagues have developed a device called PRIMA. It involves a small camera mounted on a pair of glasses that captures images, then projects them via infrared light to a 2-by-2millimetre solar-powered, wireless chip planted in the back of the eye. The chip then turns the image information into an electrical signal that retinal neurons can pass to the brain. To put it to the test, the researchers recruited 32 people aged 60 or older with geographic atrophy. Their vision in at least one eye was worse than 20/320, which means they could only see at 6 metres what a person with 20/20 vision could see at 97.5 metres. The researchers first planted the chip in the eyes of one of the participants. Then, four to five weeks later, the volunteers began to use the glasses in their daily lives. The glasses allowed them to enlarge what they were seeing by up to 12 times and to adjust the brightness and contrast. After a year, 27 of the participants could read again, as well as perceive shapes and patterns. They could also see an additional five lines, on average, on a standard eye test chart. Some could even read with vision equal to 20/42. The boosted vision the participants experienced is in black and white. “Our next goal is to add the software that will help resolve grey scales and enhance them for face recognition,” suggests Palanker. 1. How does the author introduce AMD? A．By giving a definition. B．By offering examples. C．By providing statistics. D．By making comparison. 2. What can be inferred about the PRIMA device in Paragraph 3? A．It relies on batteries to power the chip. B．It captures images using a large camera. C．It operates without any connection to the eye. D．It works by sending electrical signals to the brain. 3. What can be concluded about the participants in the test? A．Most of them got better eyesight. B．All of them were over 60 years old. C．Their vision was measured as 20/320. D．Their glasses are equipped with chips. 4. What is Palanker’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible application of the device. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Hidden limitations for further study. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家研发的PRIMA设备帮助AMD患者恢复视力的研究。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a common eye disease that mainly affects the macula in the center of the retina (视网膜) and damages the central vision of people, especially the elderly.（老年性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种常见的眼病，主要影响视网膜中心的黄斑，损害人们的中心视力，尤其是老年人）”可知，作者通过下定义的方式介绍了AMD。故选A。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据第三段中“The chip then turns the image information into an electrical signal that retinal neurons can pass to the brain.（然后，芯片将图像信息转换成电信号，视网膜神经元可以将这些信号传递给大脑）”可推知，PRIMA设备通过向大脑发送电信号来工作。故选D。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据第四段中“After a year, 27 of the participants could read again, as well as perceive shapes and patterns. They could also see an additional five lines, on average, on a standard eye test chart. Some could even read with vision equal to 20/42.（一年后，其中27名参与者能够再次阅读，并能感知形状和图案。在标准视力测试图上，他们平均能多看清五行。有些人甚至能以相当于20/42的视力阅读。）”可知，大多数参与者的视力得到了改善。故选A。 【小题4】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“" Our next goal is to add the software that will help resolve grey scales and enhance them for face recognition,” suggests Palanker.（Palanker建议：“我们的下一个目标是添加有助于解决灰度问题并增强面部识别功能的软件。”可知，Palanker的建议是关于该设备的可能应用。故选B。 七、七选五 Today, screens have become an inseparable part of human life.     1     While technology offers numerous benefits, excessive screen time can negatively impact their health. If you are parents, the following are a number of beneficial tips that can help keep your children active and healthy in the digital world.  Setting very clear rules for screen time is the first step. Regardless of age, it is important for children to have consistent limits on it daily. Make sure to spell these limits out loud and clear for children, explaining to them why such limits have been set in place.     2     It is also very important to balance screen time with outdoor play and exercise.     3     As you know, interest is the best teacher. And regular exercise helps them develop the motor skills of the body, builds strength, and keeps them at a healthy weight.      4     For example, the interactive games get kids up and moving around through dancing or sports-type video games. Setting activity challenges is also helpful. During screen time, challenge your children by taking breaks and doing brief physical activities. Challenge them to ten jumping jacks, running on the spot, or stretching every 30 minutes.  Many children tend to imitate(模仿)their parents’ behavior. Therefore, the first step toward developing good screen habits involves being a role model.     5     Besides, make it a point to discuss media use openly with your children to guide them effectively. A．Parents and children should establish a good relationship. B．If necessary, carry out this with the help of parental control tools. C．Separating study time from play time is the most suitable for them. D．Limit your own screen time and engage in the face-to-face interactions. E．Motivate your children to get involved in different sports that they enjoy. F．From study to play, children are increasingly exposed to electronic devices. G．Combining screen time with physical activities can help engage children more. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，短文聚焦数字时代孩子屏幕使用过多的问题，针对家长给出了一系列实用建议。 【小题1】根据上文“Today, screens have become an inseparable part of human life.（如今，屏幕已成为人类生活中不可分割的一部 分）”以及下文“While technology offers numerous benefits, excessive screen time can negatively impact their health.（尽管科技带来诸 多益处，但过长的屏幕时间会对孩子的健康产生负面影响）”可知，空格处需衔接前文的“屏幕融入生活”，具体落脚到孩子身上，说明孩子在 学习和玩耍中都频繁接触电子设备，从而自然引出后文“屏幕时间过长危害孩子健康”的问题。F选项“From study to play, children are increasingly exposed to electronic devices.（从学习到玩耍，孩子们接触电子设备的机会越来越多）精准承接前文，将屏幕的影响聚焦到孩子 群体，"from study to. play”贴合孩子的日常场景，“increasingly exposed to”为后文“excessive screentime”做铺垫，符合语境。故选F项。 【小题2】根据本段小标题“Setting very clear rules for screen time is the first step.（为屏幕时间设定明确的规则是第一步）”以及上文"Make sure to spell these limits out loud and clear for children, explaining to them why such limits have been set in place.(一定向孩子清晰明确地说明这些限制，并向他们解释制定这些限制的原因）”可知，空格处需补充设定屏幕使用规则的辅助方式，进一步完善“设定 规则”的具体做法。B选项“If necessary, carry out this with the help of parental control tools.如有必要，可借助家长控制工具来执行这项 规定）”中的“this”指代前文为孩子设定的屏幕时间限制，“parental control tools”是设定并执行规则的实用辅助手段，贴合家长的实际操作需求，是对前文内容的合理延伸，符合语境。故选B项。 【小题3】根据本段小标题" It is also very important to balance screen time with outdoor play and exercise.（平衡屏幕时间与户外玩耍和 锻炼也非常重要）”以及下文“As you know, interest is the best teacher. And regular exercise helps them develop the motor skills of the body, builds strength, and keeps them at a healthy weight.（众所周知，兴趣是最好的老师。规律的锻炼有助于孩子发展身体运动技 能、增强体质并维持健康体重）”可知，空格处需贴合“平衡屏幕时间与锻炼”的核心，给出具体做法——激发孩子参与喜欢的运动，同时呼应 后文的“兴趣”这一关键词。E选项“Motivate your children to get involved in different sports that they enjoy.（鼓励孩子参与他们喜欢的各类运动）〞紧扣本段主题，"that they enjoy”与后文的“interest”形成直接呼应，点明通过培养运动兴趣来引导孩子进行户外锻炼，从而平衡屏幕时间，符合语境。故选E项。 【小题4】此处为段落小标题，需精准概括本段核心内容。根据下文“For example, the interactive games get kids up and moving around through dancing or sports-type video games. Setting activity challenges is also helpful. During screen time, challenge your children by taking breaks and doing brief physical activities.（例如，互动游戏能让孩子起身活动，比如舞蹈类或运动类电子游戏。设定活动挑战也很 有帮助，在孩子使用屏幕的过程中，让他们暂停下来做一些简单的身体活动）”可知，本段核心是建议将孩子的屏幕时间与身体活动结合起来， 让孩子在使用屏幕的同时也能进行运动。G选项" Combining screen time with physical activities can help engage children more.（将屏幕 时间与身体活动结合，能让孩子更积极地参与其中）”精准概括本段主旨，" Combining screen time with physical activities”是对后文所有具体做法的高度总结，统领全段内容，符合小标题要求。故选G项。 【小题5】根据本段小标题“Many children tend to imitate(模仿)their parents’ behavior. Therefore, the first step toward developing good screen habits involves being a role model.（很多孩子会模仿父母的行为，因此，培养孩子良好的屏幕使用习惯，首先要从家长做好榜样开 始）”以及下文“Besides, make it a point to discuss media use openly with your children to guide them effectively.（此外，要注重与孩子 坦诚交流媒体使用问题，以便有效引导他们）”可知，空格处需具体说明家长如何做好榜样，核心是家长自身要减少屏幕时间，做出正面示范。D 选项“Limit your own screen time and engage in the face-to-face interactions.（减少你自己的屏幕时间，多进行面对面的交流）”紧扣“家 长做好榜样”的核心，“Limit your own screen time”是家长为孩子树立良好屏幕使用习惯的关键做法，同时为后文的“与孩子交流”做铺垫，符合语境。故选D项。 八、完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good ____1_____. He makes full ____2_____of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas ____3_____ and makes experiments to prove (证明) them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to ____4_____ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ____5_____ that we should learn science by observing and ____6_____ on the things around us, and he himself ____7_____ many important truths. Galileo (1564 — 1642), ____8_____, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most ____9_____ of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _____10_____ towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _____11_____ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s ____12_____ of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has ____13_____ all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the _____14_____ of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those ____15_____observations have produced better results. 1. A．farmer B．observer C．worker D．student 2. A．use B．sense C．speed D．trust 3. A．casually B．quickly C．carefully D．privately 4. A．date B．keep C．look D．come 5. A．command B．suspect C．suggest D．conclude 6. A．casting B．pouring C．experimenting D．applying 7. A．brought B．announced C．handled D．discovered 8. A．but B．however C．though D．therefore 9. A．outstanding B．naughty C．awful D．ordinary 10. A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily 11. A．big B．small C．similar D．unequal 12. A．skill B．spirit C．theory D．wish 13. A．put forward B．turned to C．set up D．led to 14. A．vision B．finding C．shadow D．example 15. A．whose B．how C．what D．which 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】A 【小题5】C 【小题6】C 【小题7】D 【小题8】B 【小题9】A 【小题10】B 【小题11】D 【小题12】B 【小题13】D 【小题14】D 【小题15】A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过伽利略等科学家的例子说明，成功的科学家是那些善于观察、基于事实进行实验并敢于挑战权威的人，这种精神推动了现代科学的重大发现。 【小题1】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名成功的科学家通常是一个出色的观察者。A.farmer农民；B.observer观察者；C.worker工人；D.student学生。根据下文“he observes”可知，成功的科学家通常是出色的观察者，此处是observes的同根词复现。故选B。 【小题2】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会充分利用自己所观察到的事实。A.use使用；B.sense感觉；C.speed速度；D.trust信任。根据上文“makes full”和下文“of the facts”可知，此处用固定短语make full use of表示“充分利用”，说明“充分利用自己所观察到的事实”。故选A。 【小题3】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他会仔细检查各种观点，并通过实验来加以证明。A.casually随意地；B.quickly快速地；C.carefully仔 细地；D.privately私下地。根据下文“makes experiments to prove（证明）them”可知，他会通过实验来加以证明，说明是仔细检查各种观点。故选C。 【小题4】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰：培根的时代，他是牛津的杰出哲学家，生活在1214年到1292年之 间。A.date确定年代；B.keep保持；C.look看；D.come来。根据上文“The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to”和 下文" as far back as the time of Roger Bacon”可知，此处回顾现代科学兴起的历史，固定短语date back“追溯至”符合题意，表示“追溯到罗杰：培根的时代”。故选A。 【小题5】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了许多重要的真理。A.command命令；B.suspect怀疑；C.suggest提议；D.conclude推断。根据下文“that we should learn science by observing and ____6_____ on the things around us”可知，培根提出我们应该通过观察来学习科学，后面的that从句用了虚拟语气。故选C。 【小题6】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了 许多重要的真理。A.casting铸造；B.pouring倾倒；C.experimenting实验；D.applying应用。根据上文“makes experiments to prove（证明）them”可知，我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学，此处是experiments的同词复现。故选C。 【小题7】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪首位提出我们应该通过观察和对周围事物进行实验来学习科学的人，而且他自己还发现了 许多重要的真理。A.brought带来；B.announced宣布；C.handled处理；D.discovered发现。根据下文“many important truths”可知，身为科学家的培根自己也发现了许多重要的真理。故选D。 【小题8】考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：然而，比他晚300多年的伽利略（1564至1642年）则是意大利、法国、德国和英国几位伟大人物中 的杰出代表，他开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理。A.but但是；B.however然而；C.though尽管；D.therefore因此。上一段介绍现代科学兴起于培根，本段转而介绍300多年后的伽利略，且空处前后均有逗号，因此用副词however“然而〞衔接。故选B。 【小题9】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，比他晚300多年的伽利略（1564至1642年）则是意大利、法国、德国和英国几位伟大人物中的杰 出代表，他开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理。A.outstanding杰出的；B.naughty顽皮的；C.awful糟糕的；D.ordinary普通 的。根据下文“who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees.”可知，伽利略开始展示通过逐步观察可以发现多少重要的真理，是几位伟大人物中的杰出代表。故选A。 【小题10】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，有学识的人们一直认较大的物体比较小的物体向地球下落的速度更快，这是因为亚里士 多德这么说的。A.slowly缓慢地；B.rapidly迅速地；C.lightly轻轻地；D.heavily沉重地。根据上文"large bodies fell”和下文"towards the earth than small ones”可知，在科学证实以前，有学识的人们认为较大的物体比较小的物体向地球下落的速度更快。故选B。 【小题11】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，将两块重量不同的石块同时扔下，从而证明了亚里士多德的观点是错误 的。A.big大的；B.small小的；C.similar相似的；D.unequal不相等的。根据上文“large bodies fell more _____10_____ towards the earth than small ones”可知，人们之前认为物体下落的速度与其质量相关，因此伽利略做实验时是将两块重量不同的石块同时扔下。故选D。 【小题12】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证我们的观点和理论的精神，才促成了现代科学的所有重 大发现。A.skill技能；B.spirit精神；C.theory理论；D.wish愿望。根据下文"going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment”可知，直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证观点和理论是伽利略身上的宝贵精神。故选B。 【小题13】考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接投身于自然、通过实验来验证我们的观点和理论的精神，才促成了现代科学的所有重 大发现。A.putforward提出；B.turnedto转向；C.setup建立；D.ledto促使。根据下文"all the discoveries of modern science”可知，伽利略身上的科学品质促成了现代科学的所有重大发现。故选D。 【小题14】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家是那些通过观察获得了更佳结果的人。A.vision视野；B.finding发现；C.shadow影子；D.example例子。根据下文“ofGalileo”可知，此处指前一段介绍的伽利略的例子。故选D。 【小题15】考查关系词辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家是那些通过观察获得了更佳结果的人。A.whose谁 的；B.how如何；C.what什么；D.which哪个。根据下文"observations have produced better results”可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和observations之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故选A。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $