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重难点突破二 从词法层面应对词形转换
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词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。解答此类题目时,一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,前面可能会有冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰;形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词;副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。二要根据标志词及语境确定形容词、副词的比较等级。三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语及主谓一致原则确定名词的单复数。
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【如何确定词形转换】
Step 1 确定是否考查词形转换
如果提示词为动词,思考该动词是否是谓语动词或非谓语动词,若该动词在句中既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则要考虑动词的词形转换;提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时,首先要考虑词形转换。
Step 2 确定转换形式
根据句子结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析,最终确定正确的词形转换形式。
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提示词为动词,如果既不是谓语动词,也不是非谓语动词,则应考虑动词的词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词,则需根据句子结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析。
提示词为动词的词形转换
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1.动词转换为名词
(1)作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语;
(2)作定语,修饰名词或复合不定代词;
(3)作表语,表明主语的性质、状态、特征或身份;
(4)作主语补足语,补充说明主语;
(5)作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语。
[答题技巧]
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2.动词转换为形容词
(1)作表语,表明主语的性质、特征或状态;
(2)作定语,说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等;
(3)作状语,说明主语的状态或心理感受。
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1.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)“In a Go game,each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘______________(guide)’ till they lose,”explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
解析:考查名词。根据空前的follow your 可知,形容词性物主代词your 后应用名词形式作follow的宾语。
[经典感悟]
guidance
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2.(2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive___________________________ (solve) to one-time event dressing.
解析:考查名词。空处作providing的宾语,空前有冠词a修饰,应用名词单数形式。
solution
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3.(2025·浙江新阵地教育联盟二模)Their costumes strike a perfect balance between practicality and grace and combine traditional elements with modern aesthetics, featuring ink-green and red color schemes, cloud patterns, and___________________________ (innovate) cutting techniques.
解析:考查形容词。空处作定语,修饰名词techniques,应用形容词形式。
innovative
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4.(2025·合肥二模)During his stay in England, Huang remained___________________________ (commit) to his motherland. He long dreamed of going back to “serve my country with my whole heart”.
解析:考查形容词。空前的谓语动词remained为系动词,空处应用形容词形式作表语。
committed
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名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词转换为动词、形容词的词形变化。
提示词为名词的词形转换
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1.名词的复数
提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子结构,若词形不需要转换,则有以下情况时考虑用名词复数形式:
(1)名词前有数词(大于1)或these、those、several、many、all、both、various、numerous等词修饰时;
(2)名词前有one of时;
(3)名词作主语且谓语动词是复数形式时。
[答题技巧]
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2.名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系,应考虑用名词的所有格形式。变化规则:
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加-'s;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加'。
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3.名词转换为动词
分析句子结构,若空处在句中作谓语或非谓语,则需将名词转换为动词。
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4.名词转换为形容词
分析句子结构,若空处在句中作定语修饰后面的名词,则需将名词转换为形容词。
名词变形容词的常见后缀:
(1)n.+-able→adj.honour→honourable
(2)n.+-al→adj. tradition→traditional
(3)n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
(4)n.+-en→adj. wood→wooden
(5)n.+-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
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1.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky___________________________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
解析:考查名词复数。根据句意和空前的plenty of 可知,此处表示“许多个天空湛蓝、空气清新的午后”,afternoon在此处是可数名词,空处应用名词复数形式。
[经典感悟]
afternoons
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2.(2025·浙江卷1月)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer___________________________ (time),clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
解析:考查名词复数。time在此处意为“次、回”,为可数名词,根据空前的fewer可知,空处应用名词复数形式。
times
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3.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are____________ (treasure) of American heritage.
解析:考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的介词of可知,空处应用名词的复数形式作表语。
treasures
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4. (2025·芜湖5月统考)She believes that yinsong is an important form of passing on classical Chinese poetry and stresses that only China has yinsong while other______________ (country) literature does not.
解析:考查名词所有格。根据空前的other和空后的名词literature并结合句意可知,此处指“其他国家的文学”,空处应用名词复数的所有格形式。
countries'
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5.In order to promote education equity, China has invested more money to improve rural educational facilities and__________________ (strength) the rural compulsory education in the central and western regions.
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空前的and连接两个并列成分,空处与to improve并列作目的状语,应用动词不定式,不定式符号to可省略。
(to) strengthen
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6.(2025·浙江金华十校二模)The event drew enthusiastic participation from both local residents and tourists, who wondered at the exquisite craftsmanship and cultural significance of hanfu. Many engaged with the models, eager to learn more about the history and___________________________ (symbol) meaning behind each garment, further fostering cross-cultural exchange and understanding.
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰空后的名词meaning,应用形容词形式。
symbolic
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提示词为形容词、副词,分析句子结构,若无需转换词形,应考虑用比较级、最高级或反义词;若提示词是形容词且需要转换词形,应考虑用派生的副词形式或名词形式。
提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
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1.形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)若空处作定语、表语、宾语补足语,则应考虑用形容词形式;
(2)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,则应考虑用副词形式。
(3)若空处在动词或介词后,则应考虑用派生的名词形式作宾语;若句中缺少主语,则应考虑用名词形式作主语。
[答题技巧]
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2.形容词变副词的规律
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly;
(2)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e,直接加-ly;
(3)一些以-le结尾的形容词去e加-y;
(4)“辅音字母+-y”结尾,变y为i,再加-ly;
(5)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally;
(6)以-ll结尾的形容词在其后加-y。
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3.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等标志词时用比较级;②空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”意为“越……,就越……”;②“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
(3)利用语境
若句中没有标志词,但暗含比较,也需要用比较级或最高级。
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1.(2025·温州二模)China has become the world's largest indoor ski market, home to over half of world's total and six out of the ten biggest ones___________________________ (global).
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。
[经典感悟]
globally
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2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international______________(visible), said Edmondson.
解析:考查名词。根据空前的have increased Stratford's international可知,空处作宾语,应用名词形式,visibility意为“关注度”。
visibility
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3. (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculptures,___________________________ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰动词generated,来说明图形生成的方式,应用副词形式。
digitally
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4. (2025·北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly___________________________ (long).
解析:考查比较级。根据句意可知,此处表示“多睡一会儿”,空处应用比较级longer。
longer
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5.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the___________ (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析:考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构并根据空前的the及句意可知,此处表示“最大的”,应用形容词最高级。
largest
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提示词为代词,应考虑填代词的相关形式;一般给出人称代词的主格作为提示词,要求填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等,注意设空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
提示词为代词的词形转换
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1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语或表语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式和名词性物主代词;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人或物时,则应考虑反身代词。
[温馨提示] one指代上文出现过的某类人或事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。
[答题技巧]
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1.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Over time, I've found__________________ (I) feeling extremely at home here.
解析:考查代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处与主语指同一人,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself。
myself
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2.(2025·杭州二模)Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from_________ (it) many layers of meaning.
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰名词短语“many layers of meaning”,应用形容词性物主代词。
its
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3.(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with__________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
解析:考查代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰名词beauty,应用形容词性物主代词。
its
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4.(2024·浙江卷1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking___________________________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
解析:考查代词。代词one在此处表示“(某类人中的)一个”,其前有some of限定修饰,应用one的复数形式。
ones
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数词的变化主要包括基数词和序数词的转换、复数形式、分数的表达、年龄和年代的表达以及其他固定搭配。
提示词为数词的词形转换
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1.基数词变序数词
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成,如six→sixth、seven→seventh、ten→tenth、hundred→hundredth等;
(2)以-y结尾的基数词,先把y变为ie,再加-th,如twenty→twentieth、thirty→thirtieth等;
(3)不规则变化的情况,如one→first、two→second、three→third、five→fifth、eight→eighth、nine→ninth、twelve→twelfth等。
[答题技巧]
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2.年龄、年代表达法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时,用“in one's+整十基数词的复数”,如in one's fifties (在某人五十多岁时);
(2)表达“在几十年代”时,用“in the+整十基数词的复数”,如in the thirties (在三十年代)。
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1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the___________ (six) centuryB.C.
解析:考查数词。根据空前的定冠词the并结合句意可知,此处表示“公元前6世纪”,空处应用序数词。
[经典感悟]
sixth
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2.(2025·浙江新阵地教育联盟二模)As a result, the Emei Kung Fu Girls group was officially launched at the_____________ (four) Emei Martial Arts Inheritance Conference on April 29,2024.
解析:考查数词。根据空前的定冠词the并结合句意可知,此处应用序数词fourth表示“第四”。
fourth
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3.(2025·杭州模拟)There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late___________________________ (eighty).
解析:考查数词。in one's late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”。
eighties
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4. Back in the___________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
解析:考查数词。根据句意可知,此处指“在九十年代”,“in the+整十基数词的复数” 表示“在几十年代”。
nineties
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鲜素材 微考场
01
44
Test 1
(2025·湖北“黄鄂鄂”4月联考)
Palace Museum Goes Zero Waste
The Forbidden City, not only a treasure of history and culture 1.______________ a pioneer in sustainable development, is striving to become 2.______________ zero-waste museum.
but
a
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In January 2020, the Forbidden City Museum launched the “Forbidden City Zero-Waste” project. This initiative aims to minimize waste 3.______________(send)to landfills through scientific waste management. The museum repositioned trash cans based on researches, 4.______________(reduce) their number from 310 to 110 groups. Moreover, waste is classified into four major and seven minor 5.______________(category) for more precise disposal.
sent
reducing
categories
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The 6.______________(environment) project also transforms recyclable waste into creative cultural products. What's more, the ecological compost (堆肥) flower bed in the Arrow Pavilion Square has become a small ecosystem, 7.______________ garden waste is turned into organic fertilizer.
This project 8.______________(recognize)as a 2023 Green and Low-Carbon Series Model Case by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Over the past four years, it has attracted the participation of 3,000 staff members and 21 million visitors.
environmental
where
was recognized
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In the future, the Forbidden City Museum will continue to innovate and expand the achievements of the “Zero-Waste” project, making full use of its role as a public participation base 9.______________ green and low-carbon initiatives. The goal is 10.______________(engage)more people in environmental protection and further enhance the influence of the “Green Forbidden City”.
for
to engage
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【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了故宫博物院为实现零废弃目标所采取的措施和取得的成就。
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1.but 解析:考查连词。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配,意为“不但……而且……”。
2.a 解析:考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处指“一所零废弃博物馆”,且zero-waste的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a。
3.sent 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词。waste和send之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。
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4.reducing 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作状语,reduce与主语之间是主动关系,应用现在分词。
5.categories 解析:考查名词复数。根据空前four major and seven minor可知,空处应用名词复数。
6.environmental 解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词project。
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7.where 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句。先行词是a small ecosystem,在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。
8.was recognized 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据2023并结合句意可知,时态应为一般过去时;project与recognize之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语为第三人称单数,be动词应用was。
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9.for 解析:考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“充分发挥其作为公众参与绿色低碳倡议基地的作用”,空处应用介词for。
10.to engage 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作表语。
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Test 2
(2025·清远二模)Ne Zha 2 , an animated film, is now the world's most successful movie of all time in a single market, earning $1.4 billion in ticket sales in China since 1.______________(it)release on January 29.
its
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It beats the previous record held by Star Wars: The Force Awakens, 2.______________ made $936 million in the United States and Canada in 2015. The Chinese production is also 3.______________ first non-Hollywood film to break into the all-time global top 20 of highest-grossing (最高票房的) films.
For 4.______________(decade), China's movie market had been dominated by Hollywood films. But in recent years, homegrown titles have increasingly performed 5.______________(well) than Western films, a change 6.______________(fuel) by rising cultural pride, better storytelling and rapid technological progress.
which
the
decades
better
fueled
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As it broke box office records, Ne Zha 2 quickly emerged 7.______________ a big success for China's animation and film industries. The movie was made entirely in China, 8.______________(involve) 138 animation companies and more than 4,000 crew. Its director said that he 9.______________(initial) approached international production teams for some key scenes, but the results were disappointing, so he 10.______________(bring) the work back to China.
as
involving
initially
brought
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“The film is a new bridge for cultural exchanges between China and the world and a new window on China for the world,” said a spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。国产动画电影《哪吒2》打破多项纪录,展现了中国电影行业的进步与竞争力。
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1.its 解析:考查代词。根据空后的名词 release可知,空处应用形容词性物主代词。
2.which 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词Star Wars: The Force Awakens,且在从句中作主语,应用which引导。
3.the 解析: 考查冠词。序数词first前通常加the。
4.decades 解析: 考查名词复数。decade是可数名词,且空前没有限定词,应用其复数形式。
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5.better 解析: 考查副词比较级。根据than可知,空处应用well的比较级形式better。
6.fueled 解析: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是独立主格结构,fuel与change之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。
7.as 解析: 考查介词。emerge as意为“作为……出现”,为固定搭配。
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8.involving 解析: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,The movie与involve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。
9.initially 解析: 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词approached。
10.brought 解析:考查动词的时态。根据句中的approached和were disappointing可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
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Test 1 [高频词]treasure n.瑰宝,财富 pioneer n.先驱 launch vt.发起 aim to 旨在 classify vt.分类 transform...into...将……转化为…… attract vt.吸引 participation n.参与 innovate vt.创新 expand vt.扩大 make full use of充分利用 engage vt.使参与 enhance vt.提升;加强 influence n.影响 [障碍词]strive to do sth. 努力做某事 initiative倡议;新方案 minimize vt.减少;使最小化 landfill n.垃圾填埋场 reposition vt.重新放置 disposal n.处理,处置 [熟词生义]base(常用义) n.基础;根据 (文章义) n.基地
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Test 2 [高频词]dominate vt.占主导地位 disappointing adj.令人失望的 exchange n.交流 [障碍词]animated film动画电影 all-time空前的 homegrown adj.土生土长的 emerge vi.出现 [熟词生义]release (常用义)n.释放 (文章义)n.发行;上映 beat (常用义) vt.打败;击打 (文章义) vt.打破 break into (常用义)闯入;强行进入 (文章义)成功打入,顺利进入 fuel (常用义) vt.加燃料 (文章义) vt.加强;激起 approach (常用义) vt.接近;靠近 (文章义) vt.接洽
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长难句分析 [Test 2]Its director said that he initially approached international production teams for some key scenes, but the results were disappointing, so he brought the work back to China.
[分析] 本句是复合句。that引导宾语从句,在这个从句中,but连接两个并列句。
[翻译] 该电影的导演表示,他最初与国际制作团队接洽了一些关键场景,但结果令人失望,所以他将作品带回了中国。
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