Unit 5 Humans and Nature-单元提升强化练-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

Unit 5　Humans and Nature Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The greening of planes,trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. This energy transition(变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%.　　　 B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. 2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. B Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world.The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall,but as cities expand,and more and more land is under concrete or paving,less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(排水) systems.As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water,the risk of flash flooding increases.Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse?Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so.Early in 2013,he proposed the concept of “sponge(海绵) cities”,which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.Natural solutions are encouraged,using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater.Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.Auckland,in New Zealand,was named the spongiest city in one study.It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach,but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam.The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings.These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside,and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater.This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets.Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing.Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally.What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 4.What may cause the risk of city flooding? A.The city size. B.The city design. C.The city location. D.The city population. 5.Which of the following fails to serve as “sponge”? A.Riverside parks. B.Ponds. C.Blue-green roofs. D.Culverts. 6.What can be inferred about the sponge city approach from the last paragraph? A.It uses boxing with nature. B.It works well without doubt. C.Its further function needs testing. D.It is sufficient for future flooding. 7.What’s the main idea of the text? A.How sponge cities could prevent floods. B.Why the concept of “sponge cities” was proposed. C.Why floods are becoming more and more common. D.How the natural approach combines with high-tech methods. C A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone(气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding. Rescue workers were called to Mossman,a town near Port Douglas,at about 12:40 am,where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation(疏散) centre in the local library.Around 40,000 homes and businesses lost power,and the Captain Cook Highway was cut between Cairns and Port Douglas. Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday,it was a wild night,bringing heavy rain and strong winds.Senior Meteorologist Laura Boekel said,“This event is not over.We have seen about half a meter of rainfall in the last 24 hours across Far North Queensland.” The Bureau of Meteorology warned of rising river levels in the Mossman River,which could reach levels similar to the floods in January 2019.Areas around Wujal Wujal,Cape Tribulation,and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone,and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected. A weather warning remained in place across Far North Queensland.People from Cooktown to Port Douglas were overnight warned to prepare for possible flooding.People in the storm’s path were being warned not to be fooled by the calm conditions inside the cyclone’s 70 km-wide eye,which was expected to take hours to cross over some areas.“The eye is really big,” Boekel said on Wednesday night.“There’s a period of calm conditions in the eye itself.But you can’t pick that time period.Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.” The cyclone was producing wind speeds of 140 km/h,with centre wind speeds of 100 km/h. 8.Why were rescue workers called to Mossman? A.A storm leveled the local library. B.Some cars broke down on the road. C.People were stuck in the flood. D.A flood was expected to come soon. 9.What can we learn about Far North Queensland according to the text? A.It was hard hit by the storm. B.It never saw a strong wind like this. C.It badly needs a growth industry. D.It is well known for its highways. 10.What is Boekel’s suggestion for the people in the affected areas? A.Keep safe until the storm completely passes. B.Have fun by taking part in outdoor activities. C.Stay up with family members in the library. D.Report the wind speeds in a timely manner. 11.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A magazine. B.A newspaper. C.A guide book. D.A science report. Ⅱ.七选五 Four Tips to Stay Safe During a heat wave,very hot temperatures have been breaking records during the summer across the USA.But it’s not just in the USA heat wave in June set new record highs.So what is a human to do?　1　  ◆Dress for the Weather During a heat wave,you have to dress properly.Clothing like loose and light-colored clothes are best if you have to work or be outside.　2　 Also be sure to protect your face,hands and any other exposed skin with sunscreen(防晒霜),or you can wear a hat and sunglasses.  ◆Avoid Outdoor Activities If possible,participate in outdoor activities during the morning hours.　3　 Take frequent breaks in the shade.If you’re working outside in the heat,and the activity makes your heart race faster,stop and get inside to cool off and rest,especially if you feel light-headed(头昏眼花的) or confused.  ◆Keep Cool 　4　 If that’s not possible,try to go to a public place like a library,mall or a movie theater.Many cities will open up shelters during heat waves to provide citizens with relief,especially in areas where air conditioning(空调设备) isn’t widely used.  ◆　5　  Heat-related illness can affect anyone,but some people are particularly at risk.If you live with,or know people,like young kids,the sick or elderly,overweight people,outside workers,check on them frequently during a heat wave.We should monitor those at risk at least twice a day for signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke,and babies and young children,even more frequently. A.Avoid the Side Effects B.Protect Those Most at Risk C.Here are four heat wave safety tips to help you deal with the dangers. D.If not,you can put off them until evening when temperatures are cooler. E.During a heat wave,you’d better stay indoors where there’s air conditioning. F.This will help protect yourself from sunburn and help you keep a little cooler. G.That is the best way to keep you from being affected by the high temperatures. Ⅲ.完形填空 One moment Marzela was combing(梳) her hair,the next she and the rest of her family were running from their home in terror.A huge 　1　 made the walls around them shake.They only just managed to 　2　 from their houses as a second quake brought it crashing down completely.  In the 　3　 that followed,Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.She fled the scene on the back of her older 　4　 motorbike.“I kept crying because I was so 　5　,” she remembers.  The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami;nearly 165,000 people were 　6　 to leave their homes.Water supplies and other vital infrastructure(基础设施) were 　7　.Families were left without clean 　8　 and put at heightened risk of disease.  With donor support,Save the Children’s teams have 　9　 vital healthcare,shelter and fresh water.They’ve set up 　10　,built temporary schools and provided shelter.They helped save thousands of children’s lives.  With their home in ruins,Marzela and her family spent a month 　11　 under tarpaulins(防水油布) in the jungle.But now,though 　12　,thanks to a cash support provided by Save the Children,they’re beginning to 　13　 their lives.Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future,when she 　14　 to become a teacher.And she really wants to 　15　 the goodwill she has received in her own way.  1.A.hurricane　　 B.earthquake C.flood D.storm 2.A.reach B.find C.escape D.move 3.A.disorders B.responses C.stories D.experiments 4.A.sibling’s B.friend’s C.classmate’s D.neighbor’s 5.A.sad B.touched C.excited D.afraid 6.A.persuaded B.encouraged C.predicted D.forced 7.A.ruined B.repaired C.strengthened D.moved 8.A.clothes B.air C.water　　 D.tents 9.A.received B.provided C.chose D.investigated 10.A.factories B.clinics C.canteens D.camps 11.A.volunteering B.working C.sleeping D.studying 12.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily 13.A.enrich B.improve C.change D.rebuild 14.A.hopes B.needs C.fails D.continues 15.A.record B.spread C.cherish D.admire Ⅳ.语法填空 From mountains in Yunnan Province,the Hani Rice Terraces reach over more than 160 square kilometers to create a most spectacular landscape. Since ancient times,the local Hani people have channeled spring water from mountains and forests 1.　　　　　　　　(water) the terraced fields.Some terraces are as big as football fields,and others no larger than a bed sheet.They climb 2.　　　　　 riverbank locations at less than 500 meters above sea level to heights of more than 1,800 meters.The 3.(common) used description “stairways to heaven” is most suitable here.  However,the wonder remained largely unknown to the rest of the world for 4.　　　　　 (century).Nobody paid much attention to these terraces until 5. 2000s.New roads arrived and the local government was determined to get the terraces 6.　　　　　(place) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.This 7.　　　　　　　　　　　(achieve) in 2013.Over the past decade,it has become impossible to keep such a wonder under wraps.Photography fans have crowded in,taking pictures and then 8.　　　　　　(post) them on social media.  Although the terraces shine with bright green during the summer growing season,the landscape is most 9.　　　　　　　(attract) from November to late April.During this period,the water-filled terraces turn into natural mirrors 10.　　　　　 reflect every sunrise and sunset.  Ⅴ.应用文写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校将于本周五举办主题为自然灾害(natural disaster)的讲座,请你为校英语广播站写一则通知。要点包括: 1.讲座时间及安排; 2.注意事项。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Notice                                           Students’ Union 答案 Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及让我们的交通方式更环保的办法。 1.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知,道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。 2.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化;其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知,火车实现绿色化很容易。再结合PLANES—Synthetic hydrocarbons部分中的“The hardest sector...”,TRUCKS—Hydrogen fuel cells部分中的“but making green hydrogen is expensive”以及SHIPS—Liquid ammonia部分中的“but it is hard to...”可知,飞机、卡车和轮船要想实现绿色化都有难度,故排除A、B、D三项。 3.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,’ says Wipke.(我们需要加速绿色能源的开发,而且这些能源都会被利用起来)”可知,Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入,即加大对绿色能源的投入。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球洪水频发的原因以及如何通过“海绵城市”的设计来减少洪水风险。文章还介绍了自然方法和高科技方法在城市防洪中的应用。 4.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall,but as cities expand,and more and more land is under concrete or paving,less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(排水) systems.As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water,the risk of flash flooding increases.”可知,城市设计(如混凝土覆盖和排水系统)是导致洪水风险增加的主要原因。故选B项。 5.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Auckland,in New Zealand,was named the spongiest city in one study.It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.”可知,涵洞是混凝土结构,不具备“海绵”功能。故选D项。 6.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally.What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding.”可推知,海绵城市方法的进一步功能需要测试。故选C项。 7.A　主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第二段中的“Early in 2013,he proposed the concept of ‘sponge(海绵) cities’,which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.Natural solutions are encouraged,using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater.Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.”可知,文章重点介绍了“海绵城市”的概念及其在城市防洪中的应用,包括自然方法和高科技方法。故选A项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了气旋Jasper对昆士兰州北部造成的破坏和救援情况。 8.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rescue workers were called to Mossman,a town near Port Douglas,at about 12:40 am,where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation(疏散) centre in the local library.”可知,由于危险的洪水,有人需要被转移到安全地带,然后被带到当地图书馆的一个疏散中心。因此,救援人员被叫到Mossman镇是因为人们被困在洪水中。故选C项。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday,it was a wild night,bringing heavy rain and strong winds.”以及第四段中的“Areas around Wujal Wujal,Cape Tribulation,and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone,and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected.”可知,Wujal Wujal、Cape Tribulation和Port Douglas周边地区是遭受气旋袭击最严重的地区,附近的Palm Cove和Cairns等社区也受到了影响。由此可知,Far North Queensland受到了风暴的严重袭击。故选A项。 10.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.”可知,Boekel建议受影响地区的人们待在一个安全的地方,等待整个风暴系统过去。故选A项。 11.B　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段可知,文章主要讲述了气旋贾斯珀给昆士兰北部带来的影响,包括人员被困、救援行动、天气情况以及对人们的警告等,这种报道具有时效性和新闻性,符合报纸的特点。故选B项。 Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在高温热浪中保证安全的四条建议。 1.C　上文“So what is a human to do?”提出针对高温热浪,人应该怎样应对的问题,下文给出了具体的建议。由此可知C项“下面介绍在高温热浪中保证安全的四条建议,以帮助你应对危险。”承上启下,符合语境。故选C项。 2.F　根据上文“Clothing like loose and light-colored clothes are best if you have to work or be outside.”可知,如果你必须工作或外出,最好穿宽松和浅色的衣服。因此F项“这样有助于你防止晒伤和保持凉爽。”承接上文,符合语境。故选F项。 3.D　根据上文“ If possible,participate in outdoor activities during the morning hours.”可知,最好是在早上进行户外作业。因此D项“如果做不到,可以选择到晚上,那时温度较凉爽。”承接上文,符合语境。故选D项。 4.E　根据本段的小标题及内容可知,本部分主要讲的是保持凉爽,所以在室内开空调是不错的选择。因此,E项“在高温热浪期间,最好待在开有空调的室内。”与本段内容一致。故选E项。 5.B　本空是一个小标题。本部分主要讲的是应该多多关注那些容易被高温影响的人,尤其是老人和小孩。因此,B项“保护高风险人群”适合作本部分的标题。故选B项。 Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在大地震之后,Marzela和她的家人在“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)的帮助下,开始重建他们的生活的故事。 1.B　根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知,发生了地震。故选B项。 2.C　根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知,地震使房子倒塌了,因此他们是从房子里逃了出来。故选C项。 3.A　根据上文“A huge 　　　made the walls around them shake.”可知,发生了地震,所以此处指地震后的混乱局面。故选A项。  4.A　根据上文“Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.”可知,Marzela是坐在她哥哥的摩托车后座上逃离了现场。故选A项。 5.D　根据上文“I kept crying”可知,她一直哭,说明她很害怕。故选D项。 6.D　根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了海啸,人们被迫离开家园。故选D项。 7.A　根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了海啸,基础设施被毁。故选A项。 8.C　根据下文“and put at heightened risk of disease”并根据常识可知,地震和海啸后没有干净的水会增加患病的风险。且下文“fresh water”也是提示。故选C项。 9.B　根据下文“vital healthcare,shelter and fresh water”可知,“救助儿童会”提供了重要的医疗、住所和淡水。故选B项。 10.B　根据上文“vital healthcare”可知,此处指建立了诊所提供医疗服务。故选B项。 11.C　根据下文“under tarpaulins(防水油布) in the jungle”可知,他们的家成了废墟,所以只能睡在丛林的防水油布下。故选C项。 12.C　根据上文“A huge 　　　made the walls around them shake.”和“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了地震并引发海啸,造成了巨大破坏,因此他们开始重建自己的生活的进展缓慢。故选C项。  13.D　根据上文“With their home in ruins”可知,他们的家成了废墟,所以此处指重建自己的生活。故选D项。 14.A　根据上文“Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future”可知,她希望成为一名教师。故选A项。 15.B　根据下文“the goodwill she has received in her own way”可知,Marzela想用自己的方式传播她所得到的善意。故选B项。 Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界非物质文化遗产——云南省的哈尼梯田。 1.to water　考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。故填to water。 2.from　考查固定短语。from...to...是固定短语,意为“从……到……”。故填from。 3.commonly　考查副词。修饰过去分词used要用副词形式。故填commonly。 4.centuries　考查名词。century是可数名词,此处表复数意义,应用复数形式。故填centuries。 5.the　考查冠词。2000s指的是21世纪,常与定冠词连用。故填the。 6.placed　考查非谓语动词。此处考查“get sth done”结构,意为“让某事被做”。故填placed。 7.was achieved　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2013”可知,动词要用一般过去时;achieve和主语This之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是单数形式。故填was achieved。 8.posting　考查非谓语动词。post和taking并列,在句中作状语,应用动词-ing形式。故填posting。 9.attractive　考查形容词。作表语要用形容词。故填attractive。 10.that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰mirrors,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。 Ⅴ. Notice To let students know more about natural disasters,our school will hold a lecture this Friday.The lecture will take place in the school hall at 2 pm on Friday.It will be presented by a group of experts,who will share their knowledge and experience with us.There will also be a Q&A session after the lecture,where you can ask any questions you may have. You are supposed to arrive on time and be respectful to the speakers and your fellow students.Please also be mindful of your behavior during the Q&A session. We look forward to seeing you all at the lecture. Students’ Union  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $