03 专题一 第三节 时态和语态-【智乐星中考·中考备战】2026年山东省中考英语讲练本PPT课件（人教版 六三制）

1 2 词汇中的核心构件——动词 专题一 第三节　时态和语态 3 目 录 专题要点明晰 考点分类讲练 4 英语中不同时间发生的动作或所处的状态要用动词的不同形式即不同的时态来表达。 英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 5 类别 意义 例词 例句 一般现在时 ①经常或习惯性的动作或状态 ②客观事实或普遍真理 work/works I often run in the morning. The sun rises in the east. 一般过去时 过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用 worked He got up at 6:30 yesterday. 6 类别 意义 例词 例句 一般将来时 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用 will/shall work We will come to see you next week. 现在进行时 现在正在进行或发生的动作 am/is/are+ working He is watching TV now. 7 类别 意义 例词 例句 过去进行时 在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示之外,一般用时间状语来表示 was/were+ working —What were you doing at eight last night? —I was taking a shower. 8 类别 意义 例词 例句 现在完成时 ①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态,和表示延续的时间状语连用 have/has+ worked —Have you had lunch yet? —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.(我现在不饿了) I’ve been at this school for over two years. 被动语态 主语为动作的承受者,谓语的形式为被动语态 be done The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 9 课标要求掌握:6个常见时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)和被动语态。 中考高频考点:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时和情态动词的被动语态等。 10 考点1 一般现在时 谓语形式 ①be(am/is/are) ②do(动词原形) ③does(动词第三人称单数形式) 常连用的时间状语 always, usually, often, never等频度副词, on Sunday, on weekends, in the morning, every day/week/month/year, once a week, twice a month等 11 主要用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态 He usually gets up at six in the morning. 他通常早上6点起床。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理 I am from Beijing. 我来自北京。 The earth is smaller than the sun. 地球比太阳小。 ③主将从现:若一个复合句含有由when, after, before, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as, once等引导的条件状语从句,且主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时表示将来 12 主要用法 I will tell her the good news when she comes back. 她回来的时候我会告诉她这个好消息。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。 ④表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表示将来,但仅限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive等 The train leaves at 5:00 tomorrow morning. 火车明早5点离开。 13 当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词有下列几种变化形式: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-s run→runs　like→likes　work→works 以o, s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词加-es go→goes　pass→passes　 wash→washes　fix→fixes watch→watches 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es study→studies carry→carries 不规则变化 have→has 14 考点2 一般过去时 谓语形式 ①be(was/were) ②did(动词过去式) 常连用的时间状语 yesterday, ago, last night/week/month, just now, in the past, in+过去的年份, long long ago, once upon a time等 15 主要用法 ①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 I bought a new bike. 我买了一辆新自行车。 ②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与always, often等频度副词连用 He always went to school by bike last year. 去年他总是骑自行车去上学。 ③在since引导的时间状语从句中,从句通常用一般过去时 She has lived here since she was born. 她从出生起就住在这里。 16 英语中动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。动词过去式的构成如下: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ed work→worked watch→watched 以不发音的e结尾的动词,加-d live→lived love→loved 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-ed study→studied hurry→hurried 17 变化规则 例词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则变化 go→went buy→bought 18 考点3 一般将来时 谓语形式 ①be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形 ②will/shall+动词原形 常连用的时间状语 tonight, tomorrow, soon, next week/month, in the future, in a week, in+将来的年份, in+一段时间等 19 主要用法 ①be going to+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,指已决定的、很可能发生的事,或客观迹象表明要发生的事 I’m going to see the Beijing Opera this evening. 今晚我要去看京剧。 ②表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 We’ll go to the zoo next week. 我们下星期去动物园。 20 主要用法 ③“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构,表示即将发生的动作,一般不能与具体的时间状语连用 Be quiet! The movie is about to start. 安静!电影马上开始。 ④表示某种必然的趋势 Fish will not live without water. 没有水,鱼就无法生存。 21 考点专练 1.(2025无锡)It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there ______(be) a lot of pollution.  2.(2025北京改编)Charlie ______(visit) his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much.  3.(2025绥化改编)On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ______(lay) them on the plate.  was visits laid 22 4.(2025徐州改编)Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________(be) taller than your dad.  5.(2025乐山改编)My grandma always prepares meals for me, so today I’m going ________(cook) a meal for her.  6.(2025扬州改编)During Guyu, the temperature usually ______(rise) a lot and rain increases.  7.(2025江西改编)—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mom. I __________(wash) them with my clothes.  will be to cook rises will wash 23 8.(2025天津改编)The mobile phone ______(ring) when I was making a cake with my mother.  9.(2025黑龙江龙东地区)The bird heard the sound of the cars and _____(fly) away.  10.(2025日照)I _____(借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet.  rang flew lent 24 11.(2025泰安)—What happened to you yesterday afternoon? —I _____(跌落) off the electric bicycle. Luckily, I wore a helmet and didn’t hurt my head.  12.(2025安徽改编)I often rest under the trees and my pet dog ________ (睡觉) beside me.  fell sleeps 25 考点4 现在进行时 谓语形式 am/is/are+doing 常连用的时间状语 now, at the moment, these days, right now等 主要用法 ①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作 He is watching TV now. 他现在正在看电视。 ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作,常用的时间状语为“this/these+表示一段时间的名词” We are working on a farm these days. 这些天我们在农场工作。 26 动词的-ing形式的构成: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ing go→going　ask→asking 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加-ing write→writing make→making 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加-ing get→getting run→running begin→beginning 27 考点5 过去进行时 谓语形式 was/were+doing 常连用的时间状语 at that time, at this time yesterday, at 1:00 last night, at that moment, then等 28 主要用法 ①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 I was taking a shower at eight last night. 昨天晚上八点我在洗澡。 ②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作 We were watching TV from seven to eight last night. 昨天晚上七点到八点我们在看电视。 ③常和always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩 He was always complaining about everything. 他总是抱怨一切。 29 主要用法 ④过去进行时在when或while引导的时间状语从句中的运用: a.在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行 He was sleeping when the rainstorm came. 暴风雨来临时他正在睡觉。 b.在while引导的时间状语从句中,主句与从句均用过去进行时,表示两个动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while意为“当……的时候;同时” Linda was reading while her mother was watching TV. 琳达正在阅读,而她的妈妈正在看电视。 30 考点专练 1.(2025北京改编)Mary ____________(draw) a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening.  2.(2025连云港改编)As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ______________(develop) fast in China now.  was drawing is developing 31 3.(2025江西改编)It ___________(rain) heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside.  4.(2025甘肃A卷改编)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ___________(cook) in the kitchen then.  5.(2025无锡)Simon and I ____________(work) on a history project now.  is raining was cooking are working 32 考点6 现在完成时 谓语形式 have/has+done(动词的过去分词) 常连用的时间状语 already, yet, before, just, ever, never, so far, recently, in the past/last+时间段, since+时间点, for+时间段等 33 主要用法 ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 —Have you had lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的。我刚吃过了。(现在不饿) —Have you read this book yet?你读过这本书了吗? —No, I haven’t. 不,我没有。(不了解该书) ②表示从过去开始延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态, 也许还要持续下去,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用 They have lived here since 2000. 他们自2000年以来一直住在这里。 34 　　如果动词是非延续性动词,在现在完成时中要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。非延续性动词→延续性动词的常见转化见下表: 35 非延续性动词(短语) 延续性动词(短语) die be dead marry be married begin/start be on buy have leave be away open be open borrow/lend keep join be in/a member of arrive in/at/reach/get to be in catch a cold have a cold come back be back fall/become asleep/ill be asleep/ill 36 考点专练 1.(2025泰安)Jenny is very interested in traditional Chinese culture, and she has learned it s_______ she came to China 5 years ago.  2.(2025苏州)I have never ___________(后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy.  3.(2025福建改编)Since last year, our school ___________(offer) free breakfasts to students in need.  ince regretted has offered 37 4.(2025眉山改编)As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning ______________(collect) plenty of special stamps over these years.  5.(2025扬州改编)Recently, more and more people ___________(choose) to visit Yangzhou during holidays.   6.(2025无锡)Mr. Chen ___________(live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him.  has collected have chosen has lived 38 考点7 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 　　被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 编者按:初中阶段只要求掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态,其他时态的被动语态仅需了解。 39 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般 现在时 am/is/are+ done This machine is made in China. 这台机器是中国制造的。 一般 过去时 was/were+ done The windows in our classroom were broken yesterday. 昨天我们教室的窗户被打破了。 一般 将来时 will/shall+ be+done I think the desks will be repaired soon. 我想这些课桌很快就会被修好。 40 时态 被动语态结构 例句 现在 进行时 am/is/are+ being+done The bridge is being built now. 这座桥正在修建中。 过去 进行时 was/were+ being+done At that time, many trees were being planted. 那个时候正在种植很多树。 现在 完成时 have/has+ been+done The work has been finished already. 这项工作已经完成了。 41 【特别提醒】 含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+done The room must be cleaned today. 今天必须打扫房间。 二、主动语态变被动语态 42 三、特殊情况下的被动语态 1.主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)和使役动词(如make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。 hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth. make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth. 43 2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 She gave me a book. →I was given a book by her. →A book was given to me by her. 44 3.动词短语变被动语态时不要拆开,要保持完整。 He took care of his brother yesterday. →His brother was taken care of (by him) yesterday. 4.主动结构表示被动意义的情况。 (1)表示“发生”的happen和take place无被动结构。 Earthquakes always happen suddenly. 地震总是突然发生。 (2)look, sound, taste, smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。 Mooncakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。 45 (3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。 Your car needs washing.=Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车需要清洗了。 46 四、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。 Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station. 加油站里不允许吸烟。 47 3.需要强调和突出动作的承受者。 The new machine was invented by a young worker. 这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。 4.句子的主语是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 48 点专练 1.(2025成都改编)In April, some planarians(涡虫) ___________(take) into China’s space station for scientific research.  2.(2025北京改编)Language learning apps _________(use) by more and more people these days.  3.(2025福建改编)China’s Beijing Library ___________(name) “Public Library of the Year” in 2024.  were taken are used was named 49 4.(2025扬州改编)When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy __________(waste).  5.(2025天津改编)Chinese __________(speak) by more and more people from foreign countries today.  6.(2025德阳改编)A new bridge __________(build) in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.  is wasted is spoken was built 50 　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 　　【原创题】 Right now, I am sitting by the window on a huge airplane! My heart 1.__________(beat) fast because this is my very first flight. We are flying to visit my grandparents. We 2.___________(take) the train to visit them several times before, but have never flown there, so everything feels new and amazing.  专题原创语篇精练一 is beating have taken 51 　　This morning, my family and I 3._____(get) up very early. We quickly ate breakfast and headed to the airport. The airport was huge and busy! While we 4.____________(wait) in a long line to check in, I watched planes take off outside. They looked like giant birds.  　　Finally, it was our turn 5._______(get) on the plane. I found my seat and fastened my seat belt. The engines started with a loud noise. As the plane began to speed up down the runway, I 6._____(hold) the sides of my seat nervously. My mom looked at me and smiled. “Don’t worry about it,” she said. “It’s normal!”  got were waiting to get held 52 　　Now, we are high up in the sky! The view out of my window is amazing. Houses and cars look like tiny toys. Soft white clouds are moving slowly below us. It 7.______(feel) like magic! I am really looking forward to 8.________(see) my grandparents soon. I hope we 9.________(get) off the plane quickly and find our bags without any problems.  　　This first flight was a little scary but mostly very exciting. I can’t wait 10.________(tell) my friends all about it when I get back home!   feels seeing will get to tell 53 54 $