Unit 4 Information Technology Topic Talk & Lesson 1-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

Topic Talk & Lesson 1 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Please deliver the goods at your earliest 　　　　　　(convenient).  2.Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them 　　　　　　　　　(connect) with one another.  3.More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion 　　　　　　behavior.  4.After about three months,I was no longer 　　　　　(addict) to nicotine.  5.Nearly 60% of our bookings come from repeat business and personal 　　　　　　(recommend).  6.A 　　　　　　(various) of factors contribute to the increase in the share of young adults living with their parents.  7.Is 　　　　　　(creative) a natural gift like good looks,or is it something that can be acquired like knowledge?  8.This was 　　　　　　(obvious) a reasonable suggestion.However,they weren’t in favour of it.  9.The researchers concluded that role model 　　　　　　(select) can have a positive or negative effect on a teenager’s psychological development.  10.They are 　　　　　　(concern) about the future of the coming generation.  Ⅱ.短语填空 be addicted to,have an effect on,play a trick on,a variety of,more or less,experiment with,be concerned about,look forward to,be admitted into,view...as 1.When the car was first produced,it 　　　　　　　　　　　　highly original.  2.After you force yourself to eat the food,you’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　it soon.  3.His explanation was 　　　　　　　　　　helpful to the final solution to the problem.  4.We offer 　　　　　　　　　　　　activities to excite the kids’ interest.  5.If they do not give us a treat,we can 　　　　　　　　　　　　them.  6.Thanks to his hard work,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a key university.  7.She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the result of the exam in the past few days.  8.Many people think that 　　　　　　　　　animals is completely wrong.  9.The day they had 　　　　　　　　　　　　finally came.  10.It has been found that smoking does 　　　　　　　　　the health of the smoker.  Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Jack said he 　　　　　　　　　(visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday.  2.I was about 　　　　　　　　　(set) out when one of my close friends visited me.  3.I wasn’t sure Susan 　　　　　　　　　(come) to my house the next day.  4.He said he 　　　　　　　　　(be) there at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.  5.He said he 　　　　　　　　　(leave) for Beijing that afternoon.  6.She　　　　　　　　　(practise) playing the piano whenever she was free.  7.She was so busy when I saw her because she 　　　　　　　　　　　　(make) a speech the next day.  8.We didn’t know whether he was going 　　　　　　　　　　　(speak) at the meeting.  9.Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she 　　　　　　　　　(buy) some books.  10.Did you predict that many students 　　　　　　　(sign) up for the dance competition?  Ⅳ.单句写作 1.Jinan,　　　　　　　　　　　　(因趵突泉而闻名),is a beautiful city.  2.That was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我和别人交流有困难的一段时间).  3.　　　　　　　　　　　　(在我看来),he can do whatever he likes.  4.Let’s fix a date to discuss the problem when 　　　　　　　　　　(在你方便的时候).  5.At the meeting,people put forward 　　　　　　　　　　　　(各种各样的措施) to protect wild animals.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2025山东菏泽高一期中) American high school students are terrible writers,and one education reform group thinks it has an answer:Robots.Or,more accurately,robotreaders—computers programmed to scan students’ essays and spit out a grade.  Mark Shermis,professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron,is helping to hold a contest,set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (WFHF),which promises $ 100,000 in prize money to programmers who write the best automated (自动的) grading software.“If you’re a high school teacher and you give a writing task,you’re walking home with 150 essays,” Shermis said.“You’re going to need some help.” Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s,but computers back then were not up to the task.In the late 1990s,as technology improved,several textbooks and testing companies jumped into the field.Today,computers are used to grade essays on South Dakota’s student writing assessments (评价) and a handful of other exams,including the TOEFL test of English fluency,taken by foreign students. The Hewlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachers — only much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink.“Automated essay scoring is objective,” Shermis said.“And it can be done immediately.If students finish an essay at 10 pm,they will get a result at 10:01 pm.” Take,for instance,the Intelligent Essay Assessor,a web-based tool marketed by Pearson Education,Inc.Within seconds,it can analyze an essay for spelling,grammar,organization,and help students to make revisions.The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic (语义的) patterns,and Pearson claims that it can understand the meaning of text much the same as a human reader. 1.What is the text written to introduce? A.Education reform in America. B.Robotreaders. C.Hewlett contest. D.Flora Hewlett Foundation. 2.What does the underlined phrase “spit out” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A.Give.　　　　 B.Organize. C.Analyze. D.Check. 3.What can we know from paragraph 3? A.Computers were not easy to get in the 1960s. B.Automated grading software was popular in the 1960s. C.Computers couldn’t grade essays automatically in the 1960s. D.People refused automated essay grading in the 1960s. 4.What can the Intelligent Essay Assessor do? A.It can help to write another essay. B.It can mark the mistakes in red ink. C.It can correct key words and patterns. D.It can understand the meaning of text. B The biggest criticism(批评) of social networking is that our young people are losing their offline friends to online friends.In fact there is a lot of research that shows these criticisms are generally unfounded.Research by Allen found that people are not replacing offline friends with online companions but are using them to support their offline relationships.They also found that our online friendships actually allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world and improve our psychological happiness. However,there is one part of social networking that is deeply worrying.We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night,excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives.Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D.Rosen,in his book iDisorder,presents evidence that social networking is turning us into narcissists(自恋者).He says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become vain,aggressive,and show anti-social behavior in their offline lives.But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy.This is the emotion that bonds us together;it allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view.Without it,we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships. Sherry Turkle,a professor of social sciences at MIT,suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone.This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours.Many admitted an addiction to their online social network;most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends.But being alone is a time,Turkle argues,when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are.It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.She believes,as is the title of her book,that we are simply “Alone Together”. These potential changes in our characters are rather disturbing.If nothing is done,our young people could well be in trouble.Therefore,suggestions about ways to encourage our young people to avoid the problems of social networking should be made,so they can develop the kinds of friendships that are required to grow into well-adjusted and happy adults. 5.What does the underlined word “unfounded” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A.Undoubted.　 B.False. C.Acceptable. D.Illegal. 6.According to Sherry Turkle,how can we make meaningful friendships with others? A.By getting in touch with online friends. B.By avoiding the problems of social networking. C.By reflecting and getting in touch with ourselves. D.By being alone then having discussions with a much more diverse set of people. 7.What can we learn from the passage? A.Social media have more advantages. B.Young people will develop offline friendships. C.Young people can’t go without social media. D.We are becoming unable to understand others well. 8.What’s the text mainly about? A.Internet culture causes various problems. B.We are losing some most important emotions. C.Online friendships do good to offline friendships. D.Social networking affects young people’s personalities. C (2025江苏苏州高一期中) Recently,many e-commerce platforms have been uncovered that they are cheating their frequent customers.Their ways are pretty clever.When there are new users or conservative old users,they will give a quite appealing price to attract them into registering and buying goods.However,their big data is not friendly to the stable users and frequent visitors.The system always offers them higher prices for the same products or service.How does this happen?According to the data analysis,the system knows clearly that although they feel the price is high,they will finally pay the bill.By collecting and analyzing users’ profiles,buying habits and other information,big data recommends the same products to different users with different prices. Companies also try other ways to make money,making online consumption far more worrying.For example,video websites always offer 120 seconds’ advertisements,which drives people crazy.And even if you pay for the membership to get rid of the ads,you have to “enjoy” 15-second “private” ads.By broadcasting them,companies make huge profits — second to the membership fees.Also,owning 100Mbps network,you still put up with the slow speed when you are downloading a song.You have no choice but to become a VIP when you seek high quality service.Users seem to be lambs (羊羔) among wolves.Even though they say,“Since you have money,I’ll charge you more,” we can’t do anything about it. It pains us that we haven’t figured out a way to deal with the problem.The only things we can do are replacing our iPhones with Android phones if we want to buy a membership card,and applying for new accounts if we want cheaper hotels.Not finding a way to fight back,we can’t do anything but accept them passively. 9.How does big data serve companies according to the text? A.By being kind to all users. B.By giving a discount to stable users. C.By attracting new users by analyzing their shopping habits. D.By recommending the same products with higher prices to regular users. 10.What do we know from the second paragraph? A.Membership can rid you of all the ads. B.Only by being a VIP can you get better service. C.The slow download speed is due to your poor network. D.Advertising income is the biggest income for video websites. 11.What is the author’s attitude towards the chance of finding a way to fight back? A.Uncertain. B.Casual. C.Negative. D.Positive. 12.What is the main idea of the text? A.The big data provides helpful information to users. B.We have to accept online consumption as it is. C.There exist many online consumption traps. D.Regular customers are richer. Ⅵ.七选五 How does big data influence our life? Today big data is one of the hottest buzzwords.　1　 Such large sets of data can be collected and analyzed to uncover information that can help organizations make informed decisions.　2　  Thanks to data science,some industries have benefited greatly and accordingly,many facts of our daily life have been changed. Transport Cities are getting bigger,busier,and more crowded.Removing road traffic completely is almost impossible.　3　For example,public agencies use data insights to map out regular routes,create alternative routes in case something goes wrong,and develop intelligent transport systems to keep the roads clear.  Entertainment We may not realize this,but the entertainment services we use every day,such as music and video streaming apps,are largely designed on the basis of big data.　4　 At a higher level,big data helps entertainment production houses predict the genre of shows that viewers from different age groups want so that they can create favored content.  Finance In the field of finance,many of the innovations that we now take for granted resulted from big data.In the past financial services such as insurance and banking were built on an inflexible,one-size-fits-all mode,which meant not only that people with low credit scores were rejected in some ways,but also that clients couldn’t get what they needed.　5　  Big data has influenced many other sectors as well,like agriculture,science,education,and manufacturing,and it remains to reveal its full potential in the future. A.And this gives rise to big data. B.A process like this is known as big data analytics. C.But big data is able to assist in keeping it under control. D.It refers to a large volume of data that come in diverse sources. E.Now big data has made it easier to offer customized services to them. F.The coming of big data analytics has helped launch campaigns and identify opportunities. G.These platforms use data to discover what customers like most to offer them relevant content. 答案 Ⅰ.1.convenience　2.to connect　3.on　4.addicted　5.recommendation　6.variety　7.creativity　8.obviously　9.selection　10.concerned Ⅱ.1.was viewed as　2.be addicted to　3.more or less　4.a variety of　5.play a trick on　6.was admitted into　7.has been concerned about　8.experimenting with　9.looked forward to　10.have an effect on　 Ⅲ.1.would visit　2.to set　3.would come/was coming　4.would be　5.was leaving　6.would practise　7.would make　8.to speak　9.would buy　10.would sign Ⅳ.1.known for Baotu Spring　2.a time when I had difficulty communicating with others　3.As far as I’m concerned　4.it is convenient for you　5.a variety of measures Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一种电脑程序robot readers,它可以被用来扫描学生论文并给出分数。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“American high school students are terrible writers,and one education reform group thinks it has an answer:Robots.Or,more accurately,robotreaders”以及下文中介绍的机器人阅读器的起源、应用和功能可知,本文是为了介绍一种电脑程序robotreaders。故选B项。 2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Or,more accurately,robotreaders—computers programmed to scan students’ essays...”可知,robotreaders是浏览学生作文并且spit out一个分数,结合第四段中的“And it can be done immediately.If students finish an essay at 10 pm,they will get a result at 10:01 pm.”可知,robotreaders可以给出分数,所以画线短语的意思应与“给出”意义相近。故选A项。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s,but computers back then were not up to the task.”可知,在20世纪60年代,计算机不能自动给论文打分。故选C项。 4.D　细节理解题。由最后一段可知,the Intelligent Essay Assessor在几秒钟内就可以分析一篇文章的拼写、语法、架构,并帮助学生进行修改。该程序扫描关键词并分析语义模式,Pearson声称它可以像人类读者一样理解文本的含义。所以the Intelligent Essay Assessor能够理解文章的意思。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了社交网络有助于让我们与比现实世界中更加多元的人交流,提升我们的幸福感,它不会对我们的友谊产生负面影响,但会对我们的性格产生负面影响,所以需要提出建议,避免社交网络的问题。 5.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The biggest criticism (批评) of social networking is that our young people are losing their offline friends to online friends.”可知,目前存在对社交网络的批评,批评的观点认为社交网络会让人们失去线下朋友。结合下句中的“Research by Allen found that people are not replacing offline friends with online companions but are using them to support their offline relationships.”可知,研究发现,情况和这些批评的观点并不相符。由此可知,这些批评一般来说是没有事实依据的。unfounded意为“不依据事实的”,与B项“错误的,不真实的”意思最接近。故选B项。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But being alone is a time,Turkle argues,when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are.It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.”可知,Turkle认为,与他人建立有意义的友谊的方式是自我反思并接触自我。故选C项。 7.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that...Without it,we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.”可知,由于我们的同理心似乎正在消失,所以我们越来越不能很好地理解别人的思想。故选D项。 8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第二段最后一句“Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character.”可知,社交网络不会对友谊造成负面影响,但会对人们的性格产生不良影响。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了很多网上的电商平台存在消费陷阱,欺骗消费者。大数据通过收集和分析用户的个人资料、购买习惯等信息,以不同的价格向不同的用户推荐相同的产品。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However,their big data is not friendly to the stable users and frequent visitors.The system always offers them higher prices for the same products or service.”可知,大数据以更高的价格向常客推荐同种产品,故选D项。 10.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You have no choice but to become a VIP when you seek high quality service.”可知,只有成为VIP你才能得到更好的服务,故选B项。 11.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It pains us that we haven’t figured out a way to deal with the problem.”以及“Not finding a way to fight back,we can’t do anything but accept them passively.”可知,目前没有反击的办法,我们只能被动地接受,故作者对找到反击办法的机会持消极的态度。故选C项。 12.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“Recently,many e-commerce platforms have been uncovered that they are cheating their frequent customers.”可知,本文主要介绍了很多网上的电商平台存在消费陷阱,欺骗消费者的现象,故选C项。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大数据对我们生活的影响。 1.D　根据上文“Today big data is one of the hottest buzzwords.”可知,上文介绍的是当下的流行语之一——大数据,D项能够承接上文,介绍了大数据的含义,选项中的It代指上文提到的big data。故选D项。 2.B　根据上文“Such large sets of data can be collected and analyzed to uncover information that can help organizations make informed decisions.”可知,上文介绍的是大数据的用途,B项能够承接上文,“大数据分析”指的是“收集和分析大量的数据,以发现有助于组织做出明智决策的信息”这一过程。故选B项。 3.C　根据上文“Cities are getting bigger,busier,and more crowded.Removing road traffic completely is almost impossible.”可知,上文介绍的是当下交通面临的困境,C项能够承接上文,介绍了大数据能够帮助管控交通,下文的例子正是大数据如何帮助管控交通的例子。故选C项。 4.G　根据上文“We may not realize this,but the entertainment services we use every day,such as music and video streaming apps,are largely designed on the basis of big data.”可知,上文介绍的是大数据在娱乐方面的应用,G项承接上文,介绍了大数据如何应用于我们每天使用的娱乐服务,平台通过使用数据发现客户最喜欢的内容,并为客户推送相关内容。故选G项。 5.E　根据上文“In the past financial services such as insurance and banking were built on an inflexible,one-size-fits-all mode,which meant not only that people with low credit scores were rejected in some ways,but also that clients couldn’t get what they needed.”可知,上文介绍的是过去金融业服务面临着僵化和一刀切的困境,E项将过去与现在进行对比,说明了大数据在金融业起到的作用,即能够更加容易地提供定制服务。故选E项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $