Unit 1 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 1 Career talks 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar)分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 单元语法：一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般现在时的被动语态： 肯定结构：am / is / are+过去分词； 否定结构：am not / isn’t / aren’t+过去分词； 一般疑问句：把am / is / are放到句首。 如：The toy is made in China.这玩具由中国制造。 I am not allowed to drive, because I’m not old enough.我不被允许开车，因为我年龄不够。 Are you told to start at once? 你们被告知立刻开始吗？ 一般将来时的被动语态 肯定结构：will be+过去分词，am / is / are going to be+过去分词 否定结构：won’t be+过去分词，am not / isn’t / aren’t going to be+过去分词； 一般疑问句：把will / am / is / are放到句首。 如：The School Day will be held next month.下个月将举行校庆。 The work is going to be finished in two days. 这项工作将在两天后完成。 Will the gift be sent soon? 礼物将很快发送吗？ Is this kind of question going to be asked in class? 这种问题将会在课堂上提问吗？ 一、单项选择 1．The clay pieces are carefully ________ by hand. A．shaping B．shaped C．to shape D．shape 2．Teachers ________ by students all over the world. A．respect B．respected C．are respected D．be respected 3．The letters ________ by the postman every morning. A．are delivered B．deliver C．delivered D．are delivering 4．—Sir, you can’t park on either side of Zhongshan Road. Otherwise (否则), you ________. —Sorry, I’m leaving. Thanks for telling me that. A．was fined B．are fining C．will be fine D．will be fined 5．The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ by over 10 billion people around the world these days. A．sees B．is seen C．was seen D．saw 6．Maybe books ________ by the Internet in the future. A．replace B．is replaced C．will replace D．will be replaced 7．_______ the story _______ first? A．Is; create B．Is; created C．Does; create D．Are; created 8．A talent show ________ in our school next Friday afternoon. Let’s go and watch it. A．holds B．is held C．held D．will be held 9．X-ray machines __________ widely in hospitals now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 10．The work ________ soon. A．will be finished B．finishes C．is finished D．will finish 11．Xinjiang is the largest cotton-producing area in China. About 90% of China’s cotton ________ there. A．produces B．is producing C．is produced D．produced 12．A new kind of robot ________ to help with housework by the company. A．invented B．invents C．is invented D．was inventing 13．Students ________ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A．be asked to B．are asked to C．ask to D．are asking to 14．Students ________ use mobile phones in the classroom. A．are not allowed B．allow not to C．are not allowed to D．allow to not 15．Many books ________ to the children in the countryside every year. A．send B．are sent C．were sent D．are sending 16．A health talk ________ in our school next Monday afternoon. Let’s go and listen. A．gives B．is given C．will give D．will be given 17．The paintings _________ in the library in the future, and the artist ________ a talk. A．will be displayed; will be given B．will display; will be given C．will display; will give D．will be displayed; will give 18．Beijing Subway Line 22 ________ in 2027. A．completed B．was completed C．will complete D．will be completed 19．It is reported that a new park ________ to the public next year. A．will open B．will be opened C．is opened D．opens 20．Will cashiers ________ by machines in supermarkets? A．replace B．replaced C．be replaced D．replaces 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Chinese ________ (speak) by more and more people from foreign countries today. 2．Some new schools ________ (build) in our city next year. 3．The homework ________ (finish) before we go home. 4．The Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Los Angeles in 2028. 5．The Great Wall ________ (know) all over the world as one of the greatest man-made wonders. 6．The problem ________ (solve) by us soon. 7．Homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 8．He ________ (think) to be a great film star. 9．Trees ________ (plant) by us every spring. 10．These students ______ (require) to finish their homework before tomorrow. 11．The computer ________ (buy) by James tomorrow. 12．A special exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings ________ (hold) next month. 13．The flowers ________ (water) by my grandmother every day. 14．How ________ this machine ________ (operate)? 15．English ________ (use) as an international language in many fields. 16．It is ________ (believe) that he finished the work in one hour. 17．The old doctor is well _________ (respect) by everyone in the town because of his kindness. 18．More trees ________ (plant) around our school next year. 19．The future of education ________ (influence) greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. 20．The news ________ (announce) on TV tomorrow. 三、完成句子 1．The writer creates the story first. (改为被动语态) → The story ________ ________ by the writer first. 2．将下面的句子变成被动语态，每空一词。 We need more books to read for the weekend. More books ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ by us for the weekend. 3．Lucy won’t finish her reading report until midnight. (变为被动句) Lucy’s reading report won’t ________ ________ by her until midnight. 4．The little boy is taken good care of by his grandparents. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ________ the little boy ________ good care of by his grandparents? Yes, ________ ________. 5．Computers will be used more than books in the future.  (改为一般疑问句) ________ computers ________ ________ more than books in the future? 6．The new movie will be released next month. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the new movie ________ ________? 7．The five world-class E-sports events will be held in Chengdu in two months. ________ ________ ________ the five world-class E-sports events be held in Chengdu? 8．The apple is eaten by the young boy.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the apple ________ ________? 9．The apples are picked by hand. （对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the apples ________? 10．Shoes with lights are used for seeing in the dark.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ shoes with lights used for? 四、语法选择 Kelly Castro is from New Jersey, the USA．She is showing that something as 1 as a cookie (曲奇饼) can change people’s lives. When a doctor told Kelly her little son Carson had autism (自闭症), she felt sad and worried about her 2 future, because she knew it was difficult for people with autism to get jobs. The mother wanted to do something 3 . Since her son loved baking cookies, Kelly had an idea. She 4 a small shop—Carson’s Cookie Dough. At first, she only sold cookies in her neighbourhood. Now, 5 shop has grown into a famous bakery (面包店), selling cookies all over the country. More importantly, it 6 as a training centre for young people with disabilities (残疾). Kelly gives these young learners clear instructions. They learn everything from making cookies to communicating with customers. “I want to help them become more confident and braver, 7 my goal isn’t to let them stay in my bakery forever. Instead, I hope the experience 8 give them the skills and courage to move on to other jobs and follow their dreams.” People admire what Kelly is doing. 9 more and more customers, coming to her bakery. They come not only for the delicious cookies but also for the kindness behind every cookie. Kelly hopes to grow the business and help more young people 10 Carson. She also wants to show that people with disabilities can be amazing workers. 1．A．simple B．simpler C．simplest 2．A．son B．sons C．son’s 3．A．help B．helping C．to help 4．A．opened B．will open C．has opened 5．A．/ B．the C．a 6．A．uses B．is used C．is using 7．A．if B．or C．but 8．A．must B．can C．need 9．A．There are B．They are C．These are 10．A．with B．for C．like 五、完形填空 A hairdresser (理发师) named Xiaohua has become famous on the Internet because she tries to understand what 1 really want. Since videos of her cutting hair got much attention on the Internet, many excited fans have come to 2 her shop in Huaihua, a city in Hunan province, to get a haircut. Xiaohua, whose real name is Li Jing, first 3 putting videos on the Internet in February 2024. At first, they didn’t get much attention. But eight months later, one of her videos was spread 4 , as online users praised (称赞) her for listening and understanding customers’ needs. Facing such great 5 , Xiaohua said she does not consider herself a professional hairdresser. She believes there are many more hairdressers who have better 6 . She mostly cuts hair for men and each haircut 7 30 yuan. She serves about 30 customers a day. “I am the most 8 hairdresser. There is nothing special about me,” she said. “I have not considered raising the price for a haircut because the trust from people is 9 enough.” Xiaohua’s popularity is also a great example that one person’s 10 can make a city famous. Thanks to her, more and more people are travelling to Huaihua, trying the local food and exploring beautiful places there. 1．A．family B．friends C．customers D．neighbours 2．A．visit B．leave C．open D．close 3．A．stopped B．started C．continued D．remained 4．A．quietly B．slowly C．widely D．privately 5．A．popularity B．confidence C．imagination D．responsibility 6．A．shelves B．secrets C．stories D．skills 7．A．spends B．takes C．costs D．pays 8．A．active B．strange C．different D．common 9．A．troubling B．satisfying C．surprising D．interesting 10．A．ability B．beauty C．honesty D．courage 六、短文填空 Career talk is important for teenagers. It helps us think about our future. Many jobs 1 (change) a lot in recent years. Some jobs that existed before 2 (disappear) now, and new jobs 3 (create) every day. What kind of job do you want to do? Different 4 (job) require different skills. If you want to be a teacher, you need to be patient and good 5 communicating. If you dream of 6 (be) a scientist, you should have a strong interest in science and keep 7 (learn) new things. My elder brother is 8 programmer. He has worked in a tech company for three years. He says his job is challenging 9 interesting. He often tells me that we should not be afraid of changes. As long as we keep improving 10 (our), we will find a good job in the future. 七、任务型阅读 “Every worker coming to Beijing has their own reasons. No one lives here without a dream,” said Chen Jianguo, a 35-year-old food deliveryman (送餐员) from a small and poor town. Chen Jianguo dreamed of having his own business in Beijing about 16 years ago. But his father asked him to take his place as a truck driver. Although Chen disliked the job, he didn’t want to make his father sad. He took the job as a truck driver. Then he got married and had a son. “I got quite good pay, but life was boring there during those years. Most of the time I had nothing to do.” said Chen. So Chen decided to give up his job and come to Beijing. His wife agreed that he should go for his dream. So did his son. Chen has been a food deliveryman for a month. He works for 15 hours every day and hardly has time for lunch at noon. “I want to give a better life to my wife and little son.” he said. “I must work harder and try to become the best food deliveryman at my station.” Chen likes his job because he can meet many different people. Chen plans to start his own restaurant in the future, so he always writes down what food people have ordered. In this way, he can know about different people’s tastes. 1．Where does Chen Jianguo come from? _____________________________________________ 2．What was Chen’s job before he came to Beijing? _____________________________________________ 3．Who agreed that he should go for his dream? _____________________________________________ 4．How long does Chen work in Beijing every day? _____________________________________________ 5．Does Chen like his job? Why or why not? _____________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Career talks 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar)分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 单元语法：一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态 什么是被动语态？ 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 不同时态的被动语态： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 一般现在时的被动语态： 肯定结构：am / is / are+过去分词； 否定结构：am not / isn’t / aren’t+过去分词； 一般疑问句：把am / is / are放到句首。 如：The toy is made in China.这玩具由中国制造。 I am not allowed to drive, because I’m not old enough.我不被允许开车，因为我年龄不够。 Are you told to start at once? 你们被告知立刻开始吗？ 一般将来时的被动语态 肯定结构：will be+过去分词，am / is / are going to be+过去分词 否定结构：won’t be+过去分词，am not / isn’t / aren’t going to be+过去分词； 一般疑问句：把will / am / is / are放到句首。 如：The School Day will be held next month.下个月将举行校庆。 The work is going to be finished in two days. 这项工作将在两天后完成。 Will the gift be sent soon? 礼物将很快发送吗？ Is this kind of question going to be asked in class? 这种问题将会在课堂上提问吗？ 一、单项选择 1．The clay pieces are carefully ________ by hand. A．shaping B．shaped C．to shape D．shape 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些陶土片被小心地用手塑形。 考查被动语态。shaping正在塑形，现在分词；shaped被塑形，过去分词；to shape去塑形，不定式；shape塑形，动词原形。根据“The clay pieces are carefully…by hand.”可知，句子主语“The clay pieces”是动作的承受者，且句中有“by hand”提示动作执行者，因此需用被动语态“be+过去分词”结构。选项中只有shaped是过去分词形式，符合被动语态要求。故选B。 2．Teachers ________ by students all over the world. A．respect B．respected C．are respected D．be respected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：教师受到全世界学生的尊敬。 句子主语“Teachers”与动词respect是被动关系，且“by students”是被动语态的标志，因此本句需使用被动语态 (be + 过去分词)。 主语“Teachers”是复数，且句子描述普遍事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are，动词respect的过去分词为respected，应填are respected。 3．The letters ________ by the postman every morning. A．are delivered B．deliver C．delivered D．are delivering 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些信件每天早上由邮递员派送。 every morning，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，需用一般现在时。主语The letters是动作deliver的承受者，信件是“被派送” 的，且有被动标志词by the postman，故必须用被动语态（be + 过去分词）。主语The letters是复数，所以be动词用 are。 4．—Sir, you can’t park on either side of Zhongshan Road. Otherwise (否则), you ________. —Sorry, I’m leaving. Thanks for telling me that. A．was fined B．are fining C．will be fine D．will be fined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——先生，您不能在中山路两侧停车，否则您会被罚款。——抱歉，我马上开走，谢谢你告诉我。 根据“otherwise”可知，此处是对将来可能发生的结果进行预测，且“you”和“fine（罚款）”之间是被动关系，此处需用一般将来时被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”，fine的过去分词是在词尾加d，应填will be fined。 5．The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ by over 10 billion people around the world these days. A．sees B．is seen C．was seen D．saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些天，电影《哪吒2》被全世界超过一百亿人观看。 考查被动语态。sees看见，第三人称单数；is seen被看见，一般现在时被动语态；was seen被看见，一般过去时被动语态；saw看见，一般过去时。主语“The movie Ne Zha 2”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语“these days”表示近期持续的情况，应用一般现在时。故选B。 6．Maybe books ________ by the Internet in the future. A．replace B．is replaced C．will replace D．will be replaced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：也许在未来，书籍会被互联网取代。 考查被动语态和时态。replace取代，动词原形；is replaced被取代，一般现在时被动语态；will replace将取代，一般将来时主动语态；will be replaced将被取代，一般将来时被动语态。根据句意，主语books与动词replace之间是被动关系书籍被取代，且时间状语in the future表示将来，需用一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词。故选D。 7．_______ the story _______ first? A．Is; create B．Is; created C．Does; create D．Are; created 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事是先创作出来的吗？ 主语“the story”和动词“create”是被动关系，指“故事是被创作出来的”，用被动语态“be done”，主语是名词单数，第一空应是be动词“Is”，第二空应是过去分词created。应填Is; created。 8．A talent show ________ in our school next Friday afternoon. Let’s go and watch it. A．holds B．is held C．held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一场才艺表演将于下周五下午在我们学校举行。我们去看吧。 考查动词时态和语态。holds第三人称单数，主动语态；is held一般现在时的被动语态；held动词过去式；will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“next Friday afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来；且“才艺表演”与“举行”之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 9．X-ray machines __________ widely in hospitals now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：X光机现在在医院被广泛使用。 考查被动语态。use使用，动词原形；are used被使用，一般现在时被动语态；used使用，过去式；were used被使用，一般过去时被动语态。根据“now”可知，句子应用一般现在时；主语“X-ray machines”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，即机器被使用，需用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are+过去分词）。故选B。 10．The work ________ soon. A．will be finished B．finishes C．is finished D．will finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这项工作很快就会完成。 will be finished一般将来时的被动语态；finishes动词三单形式；is finished一般现在时的被动语态；will finish一般将来时。根据“soon”可知，时态为一般将来时；the work是动作的承受者，应用被动语态。故选A。 11．Xinjiang is the largest cotton-producing area in China. About 90% of China’s cotton ________ there. A．produces B．is producing C．is produced D．produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新疆是中国最大的棉花产区。中国约90%的棉花在那里生产。 根据语境可知，棉花是“被生产”，应用被动语态，且句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，应填is produced。 12．A new kind of robot ________ to help with housework by the company. A．invented B．invents C．is invented D．was inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一种新型机器人被该公司发明出来，用以帮助做家务。 invented发明；invents发明；is invented被发明；was inventing正在发明。本句中主语“一种新型机器人”是动作“发明”的承受者，二者是被动关系，谓语需要使用被动语态，被动语态的基本结构为be动词+动词过去分词，只有is invented符合被动语态的结构要求。 13．Students ________ wear school uniforms on weekdays. A．be asked to B．are asked to C．ask to D．are asking to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们在工作日被要求穿校服。 students和ask之间存在被动关系，且主语为复数，应填are asked to。 14．Students ________ use mobile phones in the classroom. A．are not allowed B．allow not to C．are not allowed to D．allow to not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们不被允许在教室里使用手机。 根据句子结构，这里考查的是被动语态，表示“不被允许做某事”应该使用“be not allowed to do sth.”的结构。在这个句子中，主语“Students”是复数形式，所以“be”动词应该用“are”，结合上述结构，应填are not allowed to。 15．Many books ________ to the children in the countryside every year. A．send B．are sent C．were sent D．are sending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年都有许多书被寄给乡下的孩子们。 主语“Many books”是“被寄送”的对象，与动词send构成被动关系，需使用被动语态；时间状语“every year”表示经常性、习惯性的动作，因此要用一般现在时。故应填一般现在时的被动结构are sent。 16．A health talk ________ in our school next Monday afternoon. Let’s go and listen. A．gives B．is given C．will give D．will be given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下周一在我们学校将举行一场健康讲座。我们去听吧。 考查动词的时态和语态。gives给，单三形式，一般现在时的主动语态；is given被给，一般现在时的被动语态；will give将给，一般将来时的主动语态；will be given将会被给，一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语next Monday afternoon可知，动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时，主语A health talk与动词give之间是被动关系“讲座被举行”，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be + 过去分词。故选D。 17．The paintings _________ in the library in the future, and the artist ________ a talk. A．will be displayed; will be given B．will display; will be given C．will display; will give D．will be displayed; will give 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些画作未来将在图书馆展出，并且这位艺术家将进行一场讲座。 第一空主语The paintings与display之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态will be displayed；第二空主语the artist与give之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态will give，应填will be displayed; will give。 18．Beijing Subway Line 22 ________ in 2027. A．completed B．was completed C．will complete D．will be completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：北京地铁22号线将在2027年完工。 考查动词时态和语态。completed完成，一般过去时的主动语态；was completed被完成，一般过去时的被动语态；will complete将会完成，一般将来时的主动语态；will be completed将会被完成，一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in 2027”可知，句子应用一般将来时；主语“Beijing Subway Line 22”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系(地铁被建成)，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be+过去分词。故选D。 19．It is reported that a new park ________ to the public next year. A．will open B．will be opened C．is opened D．opens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据报道，一座新公园将于明年向公众开放。 next year，明确动作发生在将来，需用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。主语a new park是动作open的承受者，公园是“被开放”的，故必须用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词。一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+过去分词。 20．Will cashiers ________ by machines in supermarkets? A．replace B．replaced C．be replaced D．replaces 【答案】C 【详解】句意：超市里的收银员会被机器取代吗？ 句子主语“cashiers”与动词“replace”之间是被动关系，表示“被取代”，所以要用被动语态，will后接动词原形，应填be replaced。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．Chinese ________ (speak) by more and more people from foreign countries today. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意：如今，汉语被越来越多的外国人使用。 句子主语“Chinese（汉语）”和动词“speak（说）”是被动关系，汉语是“被说”的对象，且时间状语“today”表明是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is spoken”。   2．Some new schools ________ (build) in our city next year. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：我们城市明年将建造一些新学校。根据“next year”可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，应该使用一般将来时，又因为“schools”和“build”之间是被动关系，表示“学校被建”，所以应该使用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是“will be done”，所以填will be built。 3．The homework ________ (finish) before we go home. 【答案】will be finished 【详解】句意：我们的作业会在回家之前完成。主语“The homework”与动词finish是被动关系，before引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，空格所在句是主句，应用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语结构用“will be+过去分词”，finish的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed。 4．The Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Los Angeles in 2028. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意：2028年奥运会将在洛杉矶举行。句中“in 2028”表示将来的时间，句子应用一般将来时；且“The Olympic Games”与hold之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，hold的过去分词形式是held。因此，空格处应填will be held。 5．The Great Wall ________ (know) all over the world as one of the greatest man-made wonders. 【答案】is known 【详解】句意：长城作为最伟大的人造奇迹之一而闻名于世。句子主语“The Great Wall”和动词“know”之间是被动关系（长城是“被知道”的），所以要用被动语态，其结构是“be+动词过去分词”；主语是单数，且描述的是客观事实，be动词用“is”，“know”的过去分词是“known”，故填is known。 6．The problem ________ (solve) by us soon. 【答案】will be solved 【详解】句意：这个问题不久将会被我们解决。句中“soon”表示“不久，很快”，常用于一般将来时态。而“solve”作为动词时，意为“解决”。根据句意可知，主语“The problem”和谓语“solve”之间是被动关系，即问题被解决，所以应该用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”，“solve”的过去分词是“solved”。 7．Homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 【答案】is finished 【详解】句意：作业每天都被按时完成。主语Homework是动作finish的承受者：作业被完成，因此必须用被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词；every day是一般现在时的标志词；Homework是不可数名词，作主语时be动词用is；finish的过去分词为finished，整合为is finished。 8．He ________ (think) to be a great film star. 【答案】is thought 【详解】句意：他被认为是一名伟大的电影明星。主语“He”与动词“think”之间是被动关系，谓语需用被动语态（be＋动词过去分词）。固定搭配be thought to be表示“被认为是”。本句用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 9．Trees ________ (plant) by us every spring. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：我们每年春天种树。“by us”表示“动作的执行者是我们”，主语“Trees”是“plant”的承受者，因此要用被动语态，结构是be + 动词的过去分词。本句时态为一般现在时，主语“Trees”是复数名词，be动词是are；“plant”的过去分词是planted。故填are planted。 10．These students ______ (require) to finish their homework before tomorrow. 【答案】are required 【详解】句意：这些学生被要求在明天之前完成作业。require“要求”，此处主语students与谓语require之间是被动关系，表示“学生被要求完成作业”，且句子描述的是现在的规定，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be＋过去分词”，主语These students是复数，因此be动词用are，require的过去分词为required。故填are required。 11．The computer ________ (buy) by James tomorrow. 【答案】will be bought 【详解】句意：这台电脑明天将由詹姆斯购买。根据时间状语“tomorrow”提示，动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时。主语The computer与buy之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”。buy的过去分词是bought。 12．A special exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings ________ (hold) next month. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意：下个月将举办一场中国传统绘画特别展。句中的时间状语next month说明动作发生在将来，需要使用一般将来时； 主语A special exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings和动词hold“举办”是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态； 一般将来时被动语态的结构为will + be + 动词过去分词，hold的过去分词是held，故填will be held。 13．The flowers ________ (water) by my grandmother every day. 【答案】are watered 【详解】句意：这些花每天都由我祖母浇水。根据“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语The flowers是动作的承受者，应用被动语态。主语The flowers是复数，be动词用are，water的过去分词形式为watered。故填are watered。 14．How ________ this machine ________ (operate)? 【答案】 is operated 【详解】句意：这台机器如何操作？疑问句结构：How + be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词? 主语this machine 是第三人称单数，be动词用is。“操作”用operate，此处为被动语态，用过去分词operated。故填is；operated。 15．English ________ (use) as an international language in many fields. 【答案】is used 【详解】句意：英语在许多领域被用作国际语言。English和use是被动关系，English是单数，作主语，用一般现在时被动语态“is used”。 16．It is ________ (believe) that he finished the work in one hour. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意：据信他在一小时内完成了这项工作。此处是“It is+过去分词+that从句”的句型，表示“据……”。其中，“believe”的过去分词形式是“believed”，被动语态。故填believed。 17．The old doctor is well _________ (respect) by everyone in the town because of his kindness. 【答案】respected 【详解】句意：这位老医生因他的善良而受到镇上所有人的尊敬。主语“The old doctor”和“respect”之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态，respect的过去分词是respected。故填respected。 18．More trees ________ (plant) around our school next year. 【答案】will be planted/are going to be planted 【详解】句意：明年我们学校周围将种更多的树。句中“next year”提示动作发生在将来，且trees和plant之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be/be going to be+动词过去分词，plant的过去分词是planted，此处用will be planted/are going to be planted。 19．The future of education ________ (influence) greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. 【答案】will be influenced 【详解】句意：随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，教育的未来将会受到极大的影响。句子主语“The future of education”和动词“influence”是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，本句描述的是未来会发生的情况，因此用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will+be+过去分词”，故填will be influenced。 20．The news ________ (announce) on TV tomorrow. 【答案】will be announced/is going to be announced 【详解】句意：这条新闻将于明天在电视上公布。根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知时态为一般将来时，且主语“The news”与动词“announce”构成被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done或be going to be done，news是不可数名词，其后用be动词is。故填will be announced/is going to be announced。 三、完成句子 1．The writer creates the story first. (改为被动语态) → The story ________ ________ by the writer first. 【答案】 is created 【详解】句意：作家首先创作故事。原句为一般现在时，改为被动语态时，主语The story是动作的承受者，助动词用is，谓语动词creates改为过去分词created。 2．将下面的句子变成被动语态，每空一词。 We need more books to read for the weekend. More books ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ by us for the weekend. 【答案】 are needed to be read 【详解】句意：我们需要更多的书在周末阅读。变为被动语态后为：更多的书被我们在周末需要。原句是一般现在时，主动语态中谓语为need，宾语为more books。改为被动语态时，将more books作主语，谓语用be+过去分词即are needed表示“被需要”，但书应该也是“被读”，所以need to后面继续接一个被动语态。故填are ；needed；to；be；read。 3．Lucy won’t finish her reading report until midnight. (变为被动句) Lucy’s reading report won’t ________ ________ by her until midnight. 【答案】 be finished 【详解】句意：露西要到午夜才能完成她的阅读报告。这道题考查一般将来时的被动语态，原句主语Lucy是动作执行者，变为被动时，需将宾语reading report作为主语，按照“will (not) be+过去分词”的结构，填入be和finished。 4．The little boy is taken good care of by his grandparents. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ________ the little boy ________ good care of by his grandparents? Yes, ________ ________. 【答案】 Is taken he is 【详解】句意：这个小男孩被他的祖父母照顾得很好。原句为一般现在时的被动语态的肯定句，主语是“The little boy”。改为一般疑问句时，需将be动词“Is”提前至句首。作肯定回答时，用“Yes, he is.”。故填Is；taken；he；is。 5．Computers will be used more than books in the future.  (改为一般疑问句) ________ computers ________ ________ more than books in the future? 【答案】 Will be used 【详解】句意：在未来，电脑将比书被用的更多。原句是一般将来时will+动词原形的结构，改为一般疑问句将助动词will提到句首，且首字母要大写，其他不变，故填Will；be；used。 6．The new movie will be released next month. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the new movie ________ ________? 【答案】 When will be released 【详解】句意：这部新电影将于下个月上映。划线部分为“next month”，这里是提问时间，用疑问词“when”来提问。原句为一般将来时的被动语态，谓语结构是“will be released”。提问时，需将疑问词“When”置于句首，后接一般疑问句语序，即“will+主语+be+过去分词”。故填When；will；be；released。 7．The five world-class E-sports events will be held in Chengdu in two months. ________ ________ ________ the five world-class E-sports events be held in Chengdu? 【答案】 How soon will 【详解】句意：五项世界级电子竞技赛事将在两个月后于成都举办。划线部分“in two months”表示“多久之后”，应用“how soon”提问；原句为一般将来时，将“will”提前即可构成疑问句。故填How；soon；will。 8．The apple is eaten by the young boy.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the apple ________ ________? 【答案】 Who is eaten by 【详解】句意：这个苹果被那个小男孩吃掉。原句是一般现在时的被动语态，划线部分“by the young boy”是动作的执行者，对其提问要用疑问词Who；被动语态的疑问句结构为“疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词 + by...?”，原句的be动词是is，过去分词是eaten。故填Who；is；eaten；by。 9．The apples are picked by hand. （对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the apples ________? 【答案】 How are picked 【详解】句意：苹果是用手摘的。划线部分为做事的方式，应用特殊疑问词how“如何”，“apples”和“pick”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用“are”，放在主语前，pick的过去分词为picked。故填How；are；picked。 10．Shoes with lights are used for seeing in the dark.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ shoes with lights used for? 【答案】 What are 【详解】句意：带灯的鞋子用来在黑暗中看东西。划线部分“seeing in the dark”表示鞋子的用途，应用疑问词what来提问，首字母大写位于句首，主语“shoes with lights”为复数意义，谓语动词用are。故填What；are。 四、语法选择 Kelly Castro is from New Jersey, the USA．She is showing that something as 1 as a cookie (曲奇饼) can change people’s lives. When a doctor told Kelly her little son Carson had autism (自闭症), she felt sad and worried about her 2 future, because she knew it was difficult for people with autism to get jobs. The mother wanted to do something 3 . Since her son loved baking cookies, Kelly had an idea. She 4 a small shop—Carson’s Cookie Dough. At first, she only sold cookies in her neighbourhood. Now, 5 shop has grown into a famous bakery (面包店), selling cookies all over the country. More importantly, it 6 as a training centre for young people with disabilities (残疾). Kelly gives these young learners clear instructions. They learn everything from making cookies to communicating with customers. “I want to help them become more confident and braver, 7 my goal isn’t to let them stay in my bakery forever. Instead, I hope the experience 8 give them the skills and courage to move on to other jobs and follow their dreams.” People admire what Kelly is doing. 9 more and more customers, coming to her bakery. They come not only for the delicious cookies but also for the kindness behind every cookie. Kelly hopes to grow the business and help more young people 10 Carson. She also wants to show that people with disabilities can be amazing workers. 1．A．simple B．simpler C．simplest 2．A．son B．sons C．son’s 3．A．help B．helping C．to help 4．A．opened B．will open C．has opened 5．A．/ B．the C．a 6．A．uses B．is used C．is using 7．A．if B．or C．but 8．A．must B．can C．need 9．A．There are B．They are C．These are 10．A．with B．for C．like 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了凯利的儿子患有自闭症，她为了帮助儿子，开了一家面包店，之后这家店用作残疾青年的培训中心，她想帮助更多患自闭症的年轻人。 1．句意：她正在证明，像饼干这样简单的东西可以改变人们的生活。 as+形容词/副词原级+as“像……一样”，此处填形容词simple。 2．句意：当一位医生告诉凯利她的小儿子卡森患有自闭症时，她非常难过和担心儿子的未来，因为她知道自闭症患者很难找到工作。 此处修饰名词future，指“儿子的未来”，用名词所有格son’s表所属关系。 3．句意：妈妈想做点什么来帮忙。 此处用不定式作目的状语，用help“帮助”的不定式形式to help。 4．句意：她开了一家小商店——卡森的饼干面团。 表示过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，此处填动词open“开业”的过去式opened。 5．句意：现在，这家店已经发展成为一家著名的面包店，在全国各地销售饼干。 此处特指“Carson’s Cookie Dough”这家店，用定冠词the。 6．句意：更重要的是，它被用作残疾青年的培训中心。 主语“it”和动词use“使用”是被动关系，用被动语态“be+过去分词”，be used as“被用作”，此处填is used。 7．句意：我想帮助他们变得更加自信和勇敢，但我的目标不是让他们永远留在我的面包店。 前后表转折，用but“但是”连接句子。 8．句意：相反，我希望这次经历能给他们技能和勇气，让他们继续从事其他工作，追求自己的梦想。 根据“give them the skills and courage”可知，是希望这次学习经历能给他们技能和勇气，表示“能够；可以”，用情态动词can。 9．句意：越来越多的顾客来到她的面包店。 根据“more and more customers, coming to her bakery”可知，店里有越来越多的顾客，表示“存在；有”，用there be句型，此处填There are。 10．句意：凯利希望发展业务，帮助更多像卡森这样的年轻人。 根据“help more young people ________ Carson”可知，她想帮助更多像卡森这样的年轻人，用介词like“像”。 五、完形填空 A hairdresser (理发师) named Xiaohua has become famous on the Internet because she tries to understand what 1 really want. Since videos of her cutting hair got much attention on the Internet, many excited fans have come to 2 her shop in Huaihua, a city in Hunan province, to get a haircut. Xiaohua, whose real name is Li Jing, first 3 putting videos on the Internet in February 2024. At first, they didn’t get much attention. But eight months later, one of her videos was spread 4 , as online users praised (称赞) her for listening and understanding customers’ needs. Facing such great 5 , Xiaohua said she does not consider herself a professional hairdresser. She believes there are many more hairdressers who have better 6 . She mostly cuts hair for men and each haircut 7 30 yuan. She serves about 30 customers a day. “I am the most 8 hairdresser. There is nothing special about me,” she said. “I have not considered raising the price for a haircut because the trust from people is 9 enough.” Xiaohua’s popularity is also a great example that one person’s 10 can make a city famous. Thanks to her, more and more people are travelling to Huaihua, trying the local food and exploring beautiful places there. 1．A．family B．friends C．customers D．neighbours 2．A．visit B．leave C．open D．close 3．A．stopped B．started C．continued D．remained 4．A．quietly B．slowly C．widely D．privately 5．A．popularity B．confidence C．imagination D．responsibility 6．A．shelves B．secrets C．stories D．skills 7．A．spends B．takes C．costs D．pays 8．A．active B．strange C．different D．common 9．A．troubling B．satisfying C．surprising D．interesting 10．A．ability B．beauty C．honesty D．courage 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了一位名叫小华的理发师因努力理解顾客真正需求而在网络上走红，许多粉丝慕名而来找她理发。面对巨大人气，小华很谦虚，认为还有更多优秀理发师。她的走红也让怀化这座城市更加出名。 1．句意：一位名叫小华的理发师在网上走红，因为她努力了解顾客真正想要什么。 family家庭；friends朋友；customers顾客；neighbours邻居。根据“Since videos of her cutting hair got much attention on the Internet, many excited fans have come to...her shop in Huaihua, a city in Hunan province, to get a haircut.”可知，小华是理发师，所以是了解顾客需求。故选C。 2．句意：自从她剪头发的视频在网上受到广泛关注后，许多兴奋的粉丝来到她在湖南怀化的店里理发。 visit参观；leave离开；open打开；close关闭。根据“Since videos of her cutting hair got much attention on the Internet, many excited fans have come to...her shop in Huaihua, a city in Hunan province, to get a haircut.”可知，粉丝来她的店里理发，即参观她的店。故选A。 3．句意：小华，真名李静，2024年2月开始在网上发布视频。 stopped停止；started开始；continued继续；remained保持。根据“At first, they didn’t get much attention.”可知，一开始没受到关注，所以是2024年2月开始发布视频。故选B。 4．句意：但八个月后，她的一个视频被广泛传播，因为网友称赞她倾听并理解顾客的需求。 quietly安静地；slowly缓慢地；widely广泛地；privately私下地。根据“as online users praised (称赞) her for listening and understanding customers’ needs.”可知，网友称赞她，所以视频被广泛传播。故选C。 5．句意：面对如此高的人气，小华说她不认为自己是专业理发师。 popularity人气；confidence信心；imagination想象力；responsibility责任。根据“Xiaohua’s popularity is also a great example...”可知，小华走红了，所以是面对高人气。故选A。 6．句意：她认为还有很多理发师有更好的技能。 shelves架子；secrets秘密；stories故事；skills技能。根据“She believes there are many more hairdressers who have better...”可知，小华认为自己不是专业理发师，所以是认为其他理发师有更好的技能。故选D。 7．句意：她主要给男人理发，每次理发收费30元。 spends花费，主语是人；takes花费，常用it作形式主语；costs花费，主语是物；pays支付。根据“each haircut...30 yuan”可知，此处指理发花费30元，主语是物，用costs。故选C。 8．句意：“我是最普通的理发师。我没有什么特别的，”她说。 active积极的；strange奇怪的；different不同的；common普通的。根据“There is nothing special about me”可知，小华认为自己很普通。故选D。 9．句意：“我没有考虑过提高理发价格，因为人们的信任已经足够让我满足了。” troubling麻烦的；satisfying令人满足的；surprising令人惊讶的；interesting有趣的。根据“I have not considered raising the price for a haircut because the trust from people is...enough.”可知，小华认为人们的信任已经足够让她满足了，所以不考虑提高价格。故选B。 10．句意：小华的走红也是一个很好的例子，说明一个人的能力可以让一座城市出名。 ability能力；beauty美丽；honesty诚实；courage勇气。根据“Xiaohua’s popularity is also a great example that one person’s...can make a city famous.”可知，小华凭借自己的能力走红，也让城市出名。故选A。 六、短文填空 Career talk is important for teenagers. It helps us think about our future. Many jobs 1 (change) a lot in recent years. Some jobs that existed before 2 (disappear) now, and new jobs 3 (create) every day. What kind of job do you want to do? Different 4 (job) require different skills. If you want to be a teacher, you need to be patient and good 5 communicating. If you dream of 6 (be) a scientist, you should have a strong interest in science and keep 7 (learn) new things. My elder brother is 8 programmer. He has worked in a tech company for three years. He says his job is challenging 9 interesting. He often tells me that we should not be afraid of changes. As long as we keep improving 10 (our), we will find a good job in the future. 【答案】 1．have changed 2．have disappeared 3．are created 4．jobs 5．at 6．being 7．learning 8．a 9．but 10．ourselves 【导语】本文讲述了职业对青少年很重要。它帮助我们思考我们的未来。 1．句意：近年来，很多工作已经发生了很大变化。根据“in recent years”可知此处应用现在完成时，主语是Many jobs，是复数，助动词用have。 2．句意：以前存在的一些工作现在已经消失，新的工作每天都被创造出来。根据“now”可知此处指对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是Some jobs, 是复数，助动词用have。 3．句意：以前存在的一些工作现在已经消失，新的工作每天都被创造出来。根据“every day”可知此处应用一般现在时，主语new jobs和create是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。 4．句意：不同的工作需要不同的技能。根据“ Different ”可知此处应用名词的复数形式。 5．句意：如果你想成为一名老师，你需要有耐心，并且擅长沟通。be good at意为“擅长某事”，是固定短语。 6．句意：如果你梦想成为一名科学家，你应该对科学有浓厚的兴趣，并不断学习新事物。dream of doing sth.意为“梦想做某事”，是固定短语。 7．句意：如果你梦想成为一名科学家，你应该对科学有浓厚的兴趣，并不断学习新事物。keep doing sth.“坚持做某事”，是固定搭配。 8．句意：我哥哥是一名程序员。根据“ programmer”是可数名词，可知此处缺少不定冠词，programmer是以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用a。 9．句意：他说他的工作很有挑战性，但很有趣。挑战和有趣是转折的关系，应用but连接。 10．句意：只要我们不断提升自己，将来就会找到一份好工作。主语是we,由此可知此处指不断提升我们自己，应用反身代词。 七、任务型阅读 “Every worker coming to Beijing has their own reasons. No one lives here without a dream,” said Chen Jianguo, a 35-year-old food deliveryman (送餐员) from a small and poor town. Chen Jianguo dreamed of having his own business in Beijing about 16 years ago. But his father asked him to take his place as a truck driver. Although Chen disliked the job, he didn’t want to make his father sad. He took the job as a truck driver. Then he got married and had a son. “I got quite good pay, but life was boring there during those years. Most of the time I had nothing to do.” said Chen. So Chen decided to give up his job and come to Beijing. His wife agreed that he should go for his dream. So did his son. Chen has been a food deliveryman for a month. He works for 15 hours every day and hardly has time for lunch at noon. “I want to give a better life to my wife and little son.” he said. “I must work harder and try to become the best food deliveryman at my station.” Chen likes his job because he can meet many different people. Chen plans to start his own restaurant in the future, so he always writes down what food people have ordered. In this way, he can know about different people’s tastes. 1．Where does Chen Jianguo come from? _____________________________________________ 2．What was Chen’s job before he came to Beijing? _____________________________________________ 3．Who agreed that he should go for his dream? _____________________________________________ 4．How long does Chen work in Beijing every day? _____________________________________________ 5．Does Chen like his job? Why or why not? _____________________________________________ 【答案】1．A small and poor town. 2．A truck driver. 3．His wife and (his) son. 4．For 15 hours. 5．Yes. Because he can meet many different people./Yes, because he can meet many different people. 【导语】本文主要介绍了来自贫穷小镇的送餐员陈建国，他以前是一位司机，现在是一名送餐员，他非常喜欢自己的工作。 1．根据“a 35-year-old food deliveryman (送餐员) from a small and poor town.”可知，陈建国来自一个贫穷小镇。故填A small and poor town. 2．根据“He took the job as a truck driver.”可知，来北京之前是一名卡车司机。故填A truck driver. 3．根据“His wife agreed that he should go for his dream. So did his son.”可知，他的妻子和儿子同意他应该去追求自己的梦想。故填His wife and (his) son. 4．根据“He works for 15 hours every day and hardly has time for lunch at noon.”可知，他在北京每天工作15小时。故填For 15 hours. 5．根据“Chen likes his job because he can meet many different people.”可知，陈喜欢他的工作，因为他能认识很多不同的人。故填Yes. Because he can meet many different people./Yes, because he can meet many different people. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $