Unit 5 Good manners（语法填空专练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 5 Good manners语法填空专练 话题：礼仪礼貌 基础篇 01 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处 填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Marcus never raised his hand in class, hardly made eye contact with others, and left the room the second the bell rang. Naturally, I thought he was 1 (polite). Everything changed the day we were paired up for a group project (项目). When the teacher called our names together, Marcus looked over and gave me a small nod. No smile, no greeting. I 2 (roll) my eyes, totally not expecting to co-work well with him. But at our first meeting, Marcus showed up with 3 (note), questions and even a clear plan for the whole work. I couldn’t help asking, “Are you always 4 (organize)?” He shrugged (耸肩), “Only when I care.” At that moment, I realized words weren’t tools he often used, 5 when he did, they mattered. Over the next two weeks, we worked side by side. I began to see Marcus differently. He wasn’t 6 (avoid) people; he just didn’t know how to connect with them. He wasn’t looking down 7 others; he was just shy. On presentation day, Marcus spoke confidently, even with surprising humour. When the teacher praised our project, I told him, “I’m glad we were 8 (partner).” He replied with a small smile, “Me too.” That day, I realized how easy it is to 9 (understand) someone when we don’t look deeper. Since then, I’ve tried to listen more and give people the space to show 10 they truly are. 02 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Hi Diana, Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, 11 I’m starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing 12 (experience) at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips 13 you. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s normal 14 (be) on time or a few minutes late. Once, I arrived early to a party. But my friend looked so 15 (surprise) to see me! He was still getting everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring 16 gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. Everyone else brought gifts to thank 17 (he) for the party. Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At the party it was surprising to see how 18 (nice) everyone was dressed. Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions 19 you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. You 20 (develop) closer relationships with them if you use French often. Nancy 03 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks 21 (proper). Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad 22 (manner). In some cultures, this is associated with funerals and is considered 23 (respect). Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. This can be seen as 24 (polite) and greedy. Instead, use your hands or ask someone to pass the dish. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. This is 25 (consider) rude behavior. 26 (final), hold your chopsticks correctly. There is a proper way to hold them, and using them 27 (correct) shows respect for the culture. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little 28 (challenge). Many visitors feel 29 (confuse) at first. However, the key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks 30 (good)! 04 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Hongli is going to have dinner at her friend’s house tonight. She is a little worried because English table manners are so 31 (confuse). Sam, who is from London, gives her some advice. First, Sam tells Hongli to bring a small gift, 32 not to bring food unless the host asks her to. It’s important to wait for the host 33 (start) eating before she begins. Sam also explains the proper way 34 (use) a knife and fork. He says to hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left. If Hongli gets 35 (confuse), she can watch what everyone else does. After the meal, Hongli should thank the host and say that everything 36 (be) delicious. This is a polite way to show appreciation. 37 (important), Sam tells Hongli to enjoy herself. Table manners are important, but having a good time with friends is what really matters. In China, table manners are different. For example, you should wait for older people 38 (start) eating first. You should sit up straight and keep your elbows off the table. Don’t stand up 39 (reach) for food; instead, ask others to pass you the dish. Also, use serving chopsticks and spoons 40 (take) food from shared dishes. 05 Dear Rose, In your last letter, you told me that you would come to Japan for vacation in July. But you were very worried. Because you don’t know 41 you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants. Now, I 42 (write) to tell you the table manners there and how to behave in a restaurant, Some restaurants in Japan have tatami (榻榻米) floors. When you step into a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive 43 small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then 44 (care) fold it and set it aside on the table. Don’t use it as a napkin (餐巾纸) , or 45   (touch) any part of your  face. Before and after a meal, it is important to say 46 (tradition) thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you’re eating. For example, it is common to make some slurping (咂嘴) noises while 47 (eat) noodles. That’s 48 in Japan if you slurp, it means the food tastes good. For sushi, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After finishing your meal, it is good manners to restore all your dishes to the way they were at the 49 (begin) of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. Write to me if you have other questions. Hope you can enjoy 50 (you) in Japan. Yours, Jack 06 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different countries have different ideas about table manners—how you behave when you’re eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit—You should sit up straight in your chair. It’s not 51 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you shouldn’t lean towards the plate, 52 bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 53 the same time, don’t put your elbows on the table or reach over 54 (someone) plate for something. Using your fingers—British people 55 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they’re eating main courses. If you’re not sure, the 56 (safe) way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers, such as pizza, 57 (sandwich), burgers, crisps and fruit. Your mouth—It’s 58 (polite) to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, don’t make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate while eating. How much to eat—It’s polite to eat up the food that you’ve been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It 59 (show) that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It’s very nice, but I’m just too full 60 (eat) another bite.” 提升篇 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Good manners are important in our daily life. They are good 61 us to get along well with others. We must 62 (be) polite to everyone around us. We can’t be rude 63 people. When we meet our friends, we should greet them with a smile. Our parents and teachers are strict 64 us about manners, 65 they want us to be better people. We can’t talk loudly in public places like libraries or hospitals. We must wait in line when we are waiting for the bus. We should say “Excuse me” when we need to pass by someone. It’s necessary 66 (learn) good table manners too. For example, we shouldn’t eat with our hands in western countries. It’s important 67 (follow) these rules. 68 (have) good manners helps us make more friends. Some people think good manners are not necessary, 69 (lucky), most people know they are important. Let’s keep good manners 70 (careful) every day and make our life better. 08 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every country has its own special customs and etiquette (礼仪). In Japan, people usually bow to greet each other. A small bow might mean a simple hello, while a deeper and longer bow 71 (show) more respect. When you enter 72 Japanese house or some private places, you have to take off your shoes. In France, friends and people 73 know each other often greet with a kiss on both cheeks. French people also pay a lot of attention to table manners. For example, your hands should be kept on the table but not your elbows, and you should use the right 74 (knife) and forks in the right order. In Saudi Arabia, because of their religious beliefs (宗教信仰), people have to dress properly. Men usually wear long 75 (tradition) robes (长袍). For women, their bodies and heads should 76 (cover) when they are in public. Their greetings are more formal and sometimes include special religious words. In India, it is very important 77 (respect) old people. Young people often touch the feet of the elders to show their respect. Also, in some cases, the left hand is thought to be not clean, so people 78 (main) use the right hand to eat and to give or receive things. Knowing and respecting these different customs helps us make friends 79 people from other countries and avoid making mistakes in communication. It makes 80 (we) understand more about different cultures in the world and makes cross-cultural communication better. 09 When you’re talking with others, there are some 81 (society) rules you should follow. If you follow these rules and pay attention to your 82 (act), you will show others that you’re a polite and respectful person. This leads to building even 83 (strong) relationships with others. So, what are these important rules of social manners (礼仪)? Smile at people. 84 (smile) can make you more trustworthy and spread positive energy. Even just giving a quick smile is a very kind and polite action. Listen to others 85 (careful). When communicating with others, you should listen to them patiently without 86 (cut) in. People will feel more respected 87 you listen actively. Balance the conversation. You should avoid 88 (talk) too much. Ask questions such as “How do you like that?” to let others share 89 (idea). This makes you have 90 (good) conversations with others. Keep eye contact 91 use body language. When you make eye contact and use polite body language, people will feel like you’re really 92 (interest) in the conversation. Move in closer and nod along while they’re talking 93 (show) that you’re interested in their words. Following these rules 94 (help) you become a better communicator. Remember, good social rules make conversations 95 (enjoy) for everyone. 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Chinese people, sending bainian messages is a beloved New Year tradition. These greetings, from simple 96 (wish) to warm words, have a history as long as that of the festival itself. Up to now, this tradition 97 (change) with the development of our society (社会) over time. In fact, 98 tradition can date back to the Han Dynasty. At that time, people used wooden pieces with their names for New Year visits. Later in the Tang Dynasty, paper became common, making New Year’s letters 99 (popular) than before. Keeping good relationships was important for officials and students, so they sent the New Year’s letters 100 (keep) in touch. By the Song Dynasty, bainian was 101 (wide) spread among people. Visiting every friend took a long time during the New Year, 102 people tried to find a way to save time. They hung red paper bags on their doors. The bags 103 (use) to collect greeting cards that were called “feitie (飞帖)” from visitors. As a result, they didn’t need to meet everyone in person. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, sending New Year’s cards became a common practice. People would give 104 (they) to friends and even strangers. Today, people keep this old tradition 105 sending digital greetings. The way we say “Happy New Year” may change, but the spirit has always stayed the same. That’s the tradition. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners语法填空专练 话题：礼仪礼貌 基础篇 01 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处 填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Marcus never raised his hand in class, hardly made eye contact with others, and left the room the second the bell rang. Naturally, I thought he was 1 (polite). Everything changed the day we were paired up for a group project (项目). When the teacher called our names together, Marcus looked over and gave me a small nod. No smile, no greeting. I 2 (roll) my eyes, totally not expecting to co-work well with him. But at our first meeting, Marcus showed up with 3 (note), questions and even a clear plan for the whole work. I couldn’t help asking, “Are you always 4 (organize)?” He shrugged (耸肩), “Only when I care.” At that moment, I realized words weren’t tools he often used, 5 when he did, they mattered. Over the next two weeks, we worked side by side. I began to see Marcus differently. He wasn’t 6 (avoid) people; he just didn’t know how to connect with them. He wasn’t looking down 7 others; he was just shy. On presentation day, Marcus spoke confidently, even with surprising humour. When the teacher praised our project, I told him, “I’m glad we were 8 (partner).” He replied with a small smile, “Me too.” That day, I realized how easy it is to 9 (understand) someone when we don’t look deeper. Since then, I’ve tried to listen more and give people the space to show 10 they truly are. 【答案】 1．impolite 2．rolled 3．notes 4．organized 5．but/yet 6．avoiding 7．on/upon 8．partners 9．misunderstand 10．who 【导语】本文讲述了作者通过一次小组合作，改变了对沉默寡言的同学Marcus的偏见，认识到不能仅凭表象评判他人，应学会倾听和给予空间。 1．句意：自然地，我以为他是不礼貌的。根据前文“never raised his hand in class, hardly made eye contact with others, and left the room the second the bell rang”的描述，作者起初对Marcus的印象是不礼貌的。polite的反义词为impolite，意为“不礼貌的”。 2．句意：我翻了个白眼，完全不指望能和他合作顺利。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式rolled“滚动”。 3．句意：但在我们第一次见面时，Marcus带着笔记、问题甚至整个工作的清晰计划出现了。note在此处意为“笔记”，为可数名词，由语境可知他带了不止一张笔记，故用复数形式notes。 4．句意：我忍不住问：“你总是这么有条理吗？”此处作表语，描述人的性格特点，应用形容词organized，意为“有条理的”。 5．句意：在那一刻，我意识到语言不是他常用的工具，但当他说话时，这些话都很重要。前后分句为转折关系，填but/yet。 6．句意：他不是在回避人群；他只是不知道如何与他们交流。此处为过去进行时，结构为was+现在分词，avoid的现在分词是avoiding。 7．句意：他不是在轻视别人；他只是害羞。“look down on/upon”为固定短语，意为“轻视，瞧不起”。 8．句意：老师表扬了我们的项目后，我告诉他：“我很高兴我们是搭档。”partner意为“搭档”，主语we对应复数partners。 9．句意：那天，我意识到当我们不深入了解时，误解一个人是多么容易。“it is+形容词+to do sth.”结构，且根据语境，此处意为“误解”，misunderstand符合题意。 10．句意：从那以后，我试着多倾听，给人们空间去展现真实的他们。show后接宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，指代人的身份，应用引导词who。 02 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Hi Diana, Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, 11 I’m starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing 12 (experience) at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips 13 you. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s normal 14 (be) on time or a few minutes late. Once, I arrived early to a party. But my friend looked so 15 (surprise) to see me! He was still getting everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring 16 gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. Everyone else brought gifts to thank 17 (he) for the party. Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At the party it was surprising to see how 18 (nice) everyone was dressed. Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions 19 you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. You 20 (develop) closer relationships with them if you use French often. Nancy 【答案】 11．but 12．experiences 13．with 14．to be 15．surprised 16．a 17．him 18．nicely 19．unless 20．will develop 【导语】本文是南希写给戴安娜的一封信，信中分享了在法国生活时应注意的一些社交礼仪，包括参加聚会、带礼物、着装、提问及使用法语等方面的建议。 11．句意：起初我有点孤单，但我开始交到一些朋友。前文“a little lonely”和后文“starting to make some friends”之间是转折关系，故需用转折连词but。 12．句意：在上个月的一次聚会上我有过一些尴尬的经历后，他们帮助我更多地了解了这里的习俗。experience意为“经历”时为可数名词，且由“some”修饰，故需用复数形式experiences。 13．句意：我想和你分享一些建议。share sth. with sb. 为固定搭配，意为“与某人分享某物”。 14．句意：准时或迟到几分钟是正常的。句型“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填to be。 15．句意：但我的朋友看到我时看起来如此惊讶！“looked”在此作系动词，后接形容词作表语，修饰人感到惊讶，应用surprised。 16．句意：第二，当你拜访某人时，带一件礼物很重要。gift为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一件礼物”，且gift以辅音音素开头，故需用不定冠词a。 17．句意：其他每个人都带了礼物来感谢他举办聚会。此处作动词thank的宾语，指代“my friend”，故需用人称代词的宾格him。 18．句意：在聚会上，看到每个人都穿得如此漂亮，真是令人惊讶。此处修饰动词短语“was dressed”，需用副词形式nicely。 19．句意：除非你很了解这个人，否则最好不要问私人问题。“unless”表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合逻辑。 20．句意：如果你经常使用法语，你就会与他们发展出更密切的关系。本文主体时态为一般现在时，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，主句表示将来的结果，需用一般将来时，故填will develop。 03 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks 21 (proper). Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad 22 (manner). In some cultures, this is associated with funerals and is considered 23 (respect). Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. This can be seen as 24 (polite) and greedy. Instead, use your hands or ask someone to pass the dish. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you talk. This is 25 (consider) rude behavior. 26 (final), hold your chopsticks correctly. There is a proper way to hold them, and using them 27 (correct) shows respect for the culture. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little 28 (challenge). Many visitors feel 29 (confuse) at first. However, the key thing is to keep trying. With plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks 30 (good)! 【答案】 21．properly 22．manners 23．disrespectful 24．impolite 25．considered 26．Finally 27．correctly 28．challenging 29．confused 30．well 【导语】本文介绍了在许多亚洲国家，使用筷子是常见的用餐方式，并详细阐述了如何正确使用筷子的规则和传统。 21． 句意：关于如何正确使用筷子，有许多规则和传统。根据“use chopsticks...”可知，此处应用proper的副词properly修饰动词use。故填properly。 22．句意：那是非常不礼貌的行为。根据“That is very bad...”可知，此处指坏的行为，manner“行为”，此处应用复数形式。故填manners。 23．句意：在一些文化中，这与葬礼有关，被认为是不尊重的。根据“this is associated with funerals”可知，与葬礼有关，应是不尊重的，is considered后应用形容词disrespectful“不尊重的”作表语。故填disrespectful。 24．句意：这被视为不礼貌和贪婪。根据“and greedy”可知，and连接并列成分，此处指不礼貌的，应用形容词impolite作表语。故填impolite。 25．句意：这被认为是粗鲁的行为。根据“This is...rude behavior.”可知，句子是一般现在时的被动语态，动词consider应用过去分词considered。故填considered。 26．句意：最后，正确拿筷子。根据“Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...”可知，此处指最后，应用final的副词finally，句首首字母大写。故填Finally。 27．句意：有一种正确的方法来拿它们，正确使用它们是对文化的尊重。根据“using them...”可知，此处应用correct的副词correctly修饰动词using。故填correctly。 28．句意：用筷子看起来很容易，但实际上有点挑战性。根据“a little...”可知，此处应用challenge的形容词challenging“有挑战性的”作表语。故填challenging。 29．句意：许多游客一开始感到困惑。根据“feel...”可知，此处指人感到困惑，应用confuse的形容词confused作表语。故填confused。 30．句意：通过大量的练习，任何人都可以学会很好地使用筷子！根据“use chopsticks...”可知，此处应用good的副词well修饰动词use。故填well。 04 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Hongli is going to have dinner at her friend’s house tonight. She is a little worried because English table manners are so 31 (confuse). Sam, who is from London, gives her some advice. First, Sam tells Hongli to bring a small gift, 32 not to bring food unless the host asks her to. It’s important to wait for the host 33 (start) eating before she begins. Sam also explains the proper way 34 (use) a knife and fork. He says to hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left. If Hongli gets 35 (confuse), she can watch what everyone else does. After the meal, Hongli should thank the host and say that everything 36 (be) delicious. This is a polite way to show appreciation. 37 (important), Sam tells Hongli to enjoy herself. Table manners are important, but having a good time with friends is what really matters. In China, table manners are different. For example, you should wait for older people 38 (start) eating first. You should sit up straight and keep your elbows off the table. Don’t stand up 39 (reach) for food; instead, ask others to pass you the dish. Also, use serving chopsticks and spoons 40 (take) food from shared dishes. 【答案】 31．confusing 32．but 33．to start 34．to use 35．confused 36．is 37．Most importantly 38．to start 39．to reach 40．to take 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国的餐桌礼仪，来自伦敦的Sam给将要去朋友家吃晚饭的Hongli提供了相关建议，同时也介绍了中国的一些餐桌礼仪。 31．句意：她有点担心，因为英国的餐桌礼仪太令人困惑了。主语为“English table manners”，用confusing“令人困惑的”作表语。故填confusing。 32．句意：首先，Sam告诉Hongli带一件小礼物，但不要带食物，除非主人邀请她。根据“Sam tells Hongli to bring a small gift…not to bring food unless the host asks her to.”可知，句意发生了转折，but符合。故填but。 33．句意：在她开始吃之前，等主人开始吃是很重要的。wait for sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人做某事”，用to start。故填to start。 34．句意：Sam还讲解了使用刀叉的正确方法。the way to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，用to use。故填to use。 35．句意：如果Hongli感到困惑，她可以看看别人怎么做。主语为“Hongli”，形容人的感受用confused。故填confused。 36．句意：饭后，Hongli应该感谢主人，并说所有食物都很美味。时态为一般现在时，主语为“everything”，用is。故填is。 37．句意：最重要的是，Sam告诉Hongli要玩得开心。根据“Sam tells Hongli to enjoy herself”可知，此处强所有信息中最关键、最核心的一点，Most importantly“最重要的是”。故填Most importantly。 38．句意：例如，你应该等长辈先开始吃。wait for sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人做某事”，用to start。故填to start。 39．句意：不要站起来去够食物；相反，让别人把盘子递给你。此处表示站起来的目的，用不定式to reach。故填to reach。 40．句意：另外，用公筷和公勺从共享的盘子里夹取食物。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，用to take。故填to take。 05 Dear Rose, In your last letter, you told me that you would come to Japan for vacation in July. But you were very worried. Because you don’t know 41 you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants. Now, I 42 (write) to tell you the table manners there and how to behave in a restaurant, Some restaurants in Japan have tatami (榻榻米) floors. When you step into a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive 43 small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then 44 (care) fold it and set it aside on the table. Don’t use it as a napkin (餐巾纸) , or 45   (touch) any part of your  face. Before and after a meal, it is important to say 46 (tradition) thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you’re eating. For example, it is common to make some slurping (咂嘴) noises while 47 (eat) noodles. That’s 48 in Japan if you slurp, it means the food tastes good. For sushi, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After finishing your meal, it is good manners to restore all your dishes to the way they were at the 49 (begin) of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. Write to me if you have other questions. Hope you can enjoy 50 (you) in Japan. Yours, Jack 【答案】 41．what 42．am writing 43．a 44．carefully 45．touch 46．traditional 47．eating 48．because 49．beginning 50．yourself 【导语】本文是Jack写给Rose的信，主要介绍了日本餐厅的餐桌礼仪。 41．句意：因为你不知道在日本餐厅里能做什么、不能做什么。根据“you don’t know…you can or can’t do in Japanese restaurants”可知，此处表示“做什么”，用疑问词“what”。故填what。 42．句意：现在，我正在写信告诉你那里的餐桌礼仪以及在餐厅里该如何表现。根据“Now, I… (write) to tell you”可知，“now”提示用现在进行时，结构是“am/is/are+现在分词”，主语是“I”，所以填“am writing”。故填am writing。 43．句意：当你坐在桌旁时，在大多数日本餐厅你会收到一块小湿巾。根据“you will receive…small wet cloth”可知，“cloth”是可数名词单数，“small”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 44．句意：用餐前用它洗手，然后小心地把它折好放在桌上。根据“then… (care) fold it”可知，此处修饰动词“fold”，要用“care”的副词形式“carefully”。故填carefully。 45．句意：不要把它当餐巾纸用，也不要触碰脸的任何部位。根据“Don’t use it as a napkin, or… (touch) any part of your face”可知，‘or’连接两个省略了 don’t 的并列祈使结构，因此用动词原形touch。故填touch。 46．句意：用餐前后，说传统的感谢语很重要。根据“say… (tradition) thank-you words”可知，此处修饰名词“words”，要用“tradition”的形容词形式“traditional”。故填traditional。 47．句意：例如，吃面条时发出一些吸溜声是很常见的。根据“while… (eat) noodles”可知，“while”后接动词-ing形式，“eat”的动名词是“eating”。故填eating。 48．句意：那是因为在日本，如果你吸溜面条，意味着食物很好吃。根据“That’s…in Japan if you slurp”可知，此处表原因，用连词“because”。故填because。 49．句意：用餐结束后，把所有餐具恢复到用餐开始时的样子是礼貌的。根据“at the… (begin) of the meal”可知，“the”后接名词，“begin”的名词形式是“beginning”。故填beginning。 50．句意：希望你能在日本玩得开心。根据“enjoy… (you) in Japan”可知，“enjoy oneself”是固定短语表示“玩得开心”，“you”的反身代词是“yourself”。故填yourself。 06 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different countries have different ideas about table manners—how you behave when you’re eating. In Britain, table manners are important. Good table manners in Britain are as follows: How to sit—You should sit up straight in your chair. It’s not 51 good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you shouldn’t lean towards the plate, 52 bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. 53 the same time, don’t put your elbows on the table or reach over 54 (someone) plate for something. Using your fingers—British people 55 (normal) don’t pick up food with their fingers when they’re eating main courses. If you’re not sure, the 56 (safe) way is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers, such as pizza, 57 (sandwich), burgers, crisps and fruit. Your mouth—It’s 58 (polite) to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, don’t make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate while eating. How much to eat—It’s polite to eat up the food that you’ve been offered, so a clear plate is a good plate. It 59 (show) that you enjoy the food. If you can’t finish something and you need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “Thank you! It’s very nice, but I’m just too full 60 (eat) another bite.” 【答案】 51．a 52．but 53．At 54．someone’s 55．normally 56．safest 57．sandwiches 58．impolite 59．shows 60．to eat 【导语】本文是一篇文化科普说明文，主要介绍了英国餐桌礼仪的四个重要方面：坐姿、用手指进食、用餐时的举止以及食量礼仪。 51．句意：身体前倾或后仰都不是个好主意。固定句型“It’s not a good idea to do sth.”意为“做某事不是个好主意”，good以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 52．句意：吃饭时，你不应该俯身去够盘子，而应该把刀、叉或勺子朝自己这边拿。固定搭配“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”，用于连接两个并列的动作。故填but。 53．句意：同时，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上，也不要越过别人的盘子去拿东西。固定短语“at the same time”意为“同时”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填At。 54．句意：同时，不要把胳膊肘放在桌子上，也不要越过别人的盘子去拿东西。此处修饰名词plate，应用someone的所有格形式someone’s，意为“某人的”。故填someone’s。 55．句意：英国人在吃主菜时，通常不会用手指拿食物。此处修饰动词短语pick up，应用normal的副词形式normally，意为“通常地”。故填normally。 56．句意：如果你不确定，最安全的方法是使用刀叉。根据定冠词the和语境可知，此处应用safe的最高级形式safest，意为“最安全的”，修饰名词way。故填safest。 57．句意：不过，有些食物通常是用手吃的，比如披萨、三明治、汉堡、薯片和水果。sandwich为可数名词，根据语境及并列的名词复数形式可知，此处应用其复数形式sandwiches。故填sandwiches。 58．句意：嘴里塞满食物说话或张着嘴吃饭是不礼貌的。根据“talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open”可知，这些行为是不礼貌的，应用polite的反义词impolite，意为“不礼貌的”。故填impolite。 59．句意：这表明你很喜欢这些食物。文章整体为一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用show的第三人称单数形式shows。故填shows。 60．句意：你可以这样说：“谢谢！非常好吃，但我太饱了，再吃不下一口了。”固定句型“too…to…”意为“太……而不能……”，to后接动词原形。故填to eat。 提升篇 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Good manners are important in our daily life. They are good 61 us to get along well with others. We must 62 (be) polite to everyone around us. We can’t be rude 63 people. When we meet our friends, we should greet them with a smile. Our parents and teachers are strict 64 us about manners, 65 they want us to be better people. We can’t talk loudly in public places like libraries or hospitals. We must wait in line when we are waiting for the bus. We should say “Excuse me” when we need to pass by someone. It’s necessary 66 (learn) good table manners too. For example, we shouldn’t eat with our hands in western countries. It’s important 67 (follow) these rules. 68 (have) good manners helps us make more friends. Some people think good manners are not necessary, 69 (lucky), most people know they are important. Let’s keep good manners 70 (careful) every day and make our life better. 【答案】 61．for 62．be 63．to 64．with 65．because 66．to learn 67．to follow 68．Having 69．luckily 70．carefully 【导语】本文主要介绍了拥有良好礼仪的重要性以及应有的良好礼仪表现。 61．句意：他们有利于我们与他人相处融洽。这源于短语be good for...意为“有益的”。故填for。 62．句意：我们必须对周围的人有礼貌。在情态动词must之后，我们使用动词原形be。故填be。 63．句意：我们不能对人粗鲁。这源于短语be rude to...意为“对……粗鲁”。故填to。 64．句意：我们的父母和老师对我们的举止要求很严格，因为他们希望我们成为更好的人。这源于短语be strict with...意为“对某人要求严格”。故填with。 65．句意：我们的父母和老师对我们的举止要求很严格，因为他们希望我们成为更好的人。根据“they want us to be better people.”可知，此处是由because引导的句子。故填because。 66．句意：学习良好的餐桌礼仪也是必要的。这使用了“It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.”这一结构，因此空处用learn的动词不定式。故填to learn。 67．句意：遵守这些规则很重要。这使用了“It is important (for sb.) to do sth.”这一结构, 因此空处用follow的动词不定式。故填to follow。 68．句意：有礼貌有助于我们交到更多的朋友。当动词作句子的主语时，它采用“-ing”形式（动名词），have的动名词为having，首字母大写。故填Having。 69．句意：有些人认为礼貌不是必需的，幸运的是，大多数人都知道礼貌很重要。需要一个副词来修饰整个句子或转换思路。形容词lucky变为luckily。故填luckily。 70．句意：让我们每天小心地保持礼貌，让我们的生活变得更好。需要一个副词来修饰动词 keep。形容词careful变为carefully。故填carefully。 08 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every country has its own special customs and etiquette (礼仪). In Japan, people usually bow to greet each other. A small bow might mean a simple hello, while a deeper and longer bow 71 (show) more respect. When you enter 72 Japanese house or some private places, you have to take off your shoes. In France, friends and people 73 know each other often greet with a kiss on both cheeks. French people also pay a lot of attention to table manners. For example, your hands should be kept on the table but not your elbows, and you should use the right 74 (knife) and forks in the right order. In Saudi Arabia, because of their religious beliefs (宗教信仰), people have to dress properly. Men usually wear long 75 (tradition) robes (长袍). For women, their bodies and heads should 76 (cover) when they are in public. Their greetings are more formal and sometimes include special religious words. In India, it is very important 77 (respect) old people. Young people often touch the feet of the elders to show their respect. Also, in some cases, the left hand is thought to be not clean, so people 78 (main) use the right hand to eat and to give or receive things. Knowing and respecting these different customs helps us make friends 79 people from other countries and avoid making mistakes in communication. It makes 80 (we) understand more about different cultures in the world and makes cross-cultural communication better. 【答案】 71．shows 72．a 73．who/that 74．knives 75．traditional 76．be covered 77．to respect 78．mainly 79．with 80．us 【导语】本文通过介绍不同国家的特殊习俗和礼仪，强调了了解和尊重文化差异对于促进跨文化交流的重要性。 71．句意：在日本，轻微的鞠躬可能意味着简单的问候，而更深更久的鞠躬则表现出更多的尊重。主语是“a deeper and longer bow”，且全文描述的是客观事实和普遍习惯，故用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式shows“表明”。 72．句意：当你进入一户日本人家或某些私人场所时，你必须脱鞋。此处泛指“一户日本人家”，且“Japanese”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 73．句意：在法国，朋友和互相认识的人经常通过亲吻双颊来问候。句子是定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。 74．句意：例如，你的手应该放在桌子上，但不要放肘部，并且你应该按正确的顺序使用正确的刀叉。根据后面的“forks”以及常识可知此处应用复数形式knives“刀”。 75．句意：男士通常穿着传统的长袍。此处修饰名词“robes”，需要用形容词形式traditional“传统的”。 76．句意：对于女性来说，当她们在公共场合时，身体和头部应该被遮盖。主语“their bodies and heads”与动词“cover”之间是被动关系，且前面有情态动词“should”，故用被动语态“should be covered”。 77．句意：在印度，尊重老人是非常重要的。respect“尊重”，此处是“It is + adj. + to do sth.”的句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，此处填to respect。 78．句意：此外，在某些情况下，左手被认为是不干净的，所以人们主要用右手吃饭、递送或接收物品。此处修饰动词“use”，需要用副词形式mainly“主要地”。 79．句意：了解和尊重这些不同的习俗有助于我们与来自其他国家的人交朋友，并避免在交流中犯错。此处是固定搭配“make friends with sb.”意为“与某人交朋友”。 80．句意：它使我们更多地了解世界上不同的文化，并使跨文化交流变得更好。此处作动词“makes”的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式us“我们”。 09 When you’re talking with others, there are some 81 (society) rules you should follow. If you follow these rules and pay attention to your 82 (act), you will show others that you’re a polite and respectful person. This leads to building even 83 (strong) relationships with others. So, what are these important rules of social manners (礼仪)? Smile at people. 84 (smile) can make you more trustworthy and spread positive energy. Even just giving a quick smile is a very kind and polite action. Listen to others 85 (careful). When communicating with others, you should listen to them patiently without 86 (cut) in. People will feel more respected 87 you listen actively. Balance the conversation. You should avoid 88 (talk) too much. Ask questions such as “How do you like that?” to let others share 89 (idea). This makes you have 90 (good) conversations with others. Keep eye contact 91 use body language. When you make eye contact and use polite body language, people will feel like you’re really 92 (interest) in the conversation. Move in closer and nod along while they’re talking 93 (show) that you’re interested in their words. Following these rules 94 (help) you become a better communicator. Remember, good social rules make conversations 95 (enjoy) for everyone. 【答案】 81．social 82．actions 83．stronger 84．Smiling 85．carefully 86．cutting 87．when/if 88．talking 89．ideas 90．better 91．and 92．interested 93．to show 94．helps 95．enjoyable 【导语】本文介绍了几条在与人交谈时应遵循的社交礼仪规则，并说明了遵循这些规则有助于建立更牢固的人际关系，使人成为更好的沟通者。 81．句意：当你和别人交谈时，有一些社交规则你应该遵守。此处修饰名词rules，应用形容词形式，society的形容词为social“社交的”。 82．句意：如果你遵守这些规则并注意你的行为，你会向他人展示你是一个有礼貌且尊重他人的人。your后接名词，act的名词形式是action，此处用复数表示泛指。 83．句意：这会让你和别人建立更牢固的关系。even修饰形容词比较级，strong的比较级是stronger。 84．句意：微笑能让你更值得信任并传播正能量。此处作句子主语，应用动名词形式。位于句首首字母大写。 85．句意：认真倾听别人说话。此处修饰动词listen，应用careful的副词形式carefully。 86．句意：与他人交流时，你应该耐心倾听，不要打断。without是介词，后接动名词形式。 87．句意：当/如果你积极倾听，人们会感到更受尊重。前后为时间或条件关系，用连词when/if。 88．句意：你应该避免说太多话。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”。 89．句意：问一些诸如“你觉得怎么样？”的问题，让别人分享想法。idea是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指。 90．句意：这会让你和别人有更好的交谈。根据上下文，遵循规则后，对话会比原来“更好”，应用形容词good的比较级better修饰“conversations”。 91．句意：保持眼神交流并使用肢体语言。“Keep eye contact”和“use body language”是并列关系，用and连接。 92．句意：当你进行眼神交流并使用礼貌的肢体语言时，人们会感觉你真的对谈话感兴趣。be interested in是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。 93．句意：当他们说话时，靠近一点并点头，以表明你对他们的话感兴趣。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 94．句意：遵循这些规则有助于你成为更好的沟通者。动名词短语“Following these rules”作主语，视为单数。本文整体时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 95．句意：记住，良好的社交规则让每个人都能享受交谈。“make+宾语+形容词”表示“使…… 处于某种状态”，此处应用形容词。 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Chinese people, sending bainian messages is a beloved New Year tradition. These greetings, from simple 96 (wish) to warm words, have a history as long as that of the festival itself. Up to now, this tradition 97 (change) with the development of our society (社会) over time. In fact, 98 tradition can date back to the Han Dynasty. At that time, people used wooden pieces with their names for New Year visits. Later in the Tang Dynasty, paper became common, making New Year’s letters 99 (popular) than before. Keeping good relationships was important for officials and students, so they sent the New Year’s letters 100 (keep) in touch. By the Song Dynasty, bainian was 101 (wide) spread among people. Visiting every friend took a long time during the New Year, 102 people tried to find a way to save time. They hung red paper bags on their doors. The bags 103 (use) to collect greeting cards that were called “feitie (飞帖)” from visitors. As a result, they didn’t need to meet everyone in person. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, sending New Year’s cards became a common practice. People would give 104 (they) to friends and even strangers. Today, people keep this old tradition 105 sending digital greetings. The way we say “Happy New Year” may change, but the spirit has always stayed the same. That’s the tradition. 【答案】 96．wishes 97．has changed 98．the 99．more popular 100．to keep 101．widely 102．so 103．were used 104．them 105．by 【导语】本文主要介绍了拜年短信这一中国新年传统及其历史演变。 96．句意：这些祝福语，从简单的祝愿到温暖的话语，有着和节日本身一样悠久的历史。形容词simple后接名词，根据“from simple...to warm words”可知，此处指从简单的祝愿到温暖的话语，wish“祝愿”，可数名词，此处用复数形式。故填wishes。 97．句意：到目前为止，这个传统随着社会的发展而发生了变化。根据“Up to now”可知，本句是现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语this tradition是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has changed。 98．句意：事实上，这个传统可以追溯到汉代。此处特指上文提到的“拜年短信”这一传统，用定冠词the。故填the。 99．句意：后来在唐朝，纸变得普遍，使新年信件比以前更受欢迎。根据“than before”可知，此处用比较级，popular的比较级是more popular。故填more popular。 100．句意：保持良好的关系对官员和学生来说很重要，所以他们寄新年信件以保持联系。根据“so they sent the New Year’s letters...in touch”可知，寄新年信件的目的是保持联系，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。 101．句意：到了宋代，拜年在民间广泛传播。修饰动词spread用副词，wide的副词是widely“广泛地”。故填widely。 102．句意：在新年期间拜访每一位朋友需要很长时间，所以人们试图找到一种节省时间的方法。前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so连接。故填so。 103．句意：这些袋子是用来收集来自访客的被称为“飞帖”的贺卡的。根据“The bags...to collect greeting cards”可知，此处指袋子被用来收集贺卡，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were used。 104．句意：人们会把它们送给朋友甚至陌生人。give是动词，后接人称代词宾格，they的宾格是them。故填them。 105．句意：今天，人们通过发送数字问候来保持这一古老的传统。“keeping this old tradition”和“sending digital greetings”之间是方式关系，表示“通过发送数字问候来保持传统”，用介词by表示“通过”。故填by。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $