Unit 5 Good manners(话题阅读精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 5 Good manners 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 112 本文介绍国际妇女节的起源及庆祝方式。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 147 “健康第一” 理念再次成为教育工作的重中之重，这背后是政策指引与现实需求的双重驱动。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 227 本文介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，在家庭待客方面的传统习俗，包括待客的具体做法、餐桌礼仪以及热情好客的文化内涵。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 321 本文介绍了多个国家的餐桌礼仪和饮酒礼仪，帮助读者在不同国家礼貌用餐。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 326 本文讲述了Roy在煎饼屋奠基仪式上，勇敢站出来保护猫头鹰的居住地，强调了为自然发声的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 242 本文主要介绍了安徽桐城“六尺巷”的由来，讲述了张英以和为贵化解邻里纠纷的故事，以及这个故事对当地和谐氛围的影响。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 221 本文主要介绍了中国饮食文化中的餐桌礼仪，包括座次安排、问候方式以及用餐习惯等。 Passage6 任务型阅读 记叙文 257 本文主要介绍了中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家孔子的生平、思想及其对中国乃至世界的影响。 时文阅读 Passage1 Women's Day International Women's Day, celebrated on March 8, is a global observance honoring women's achievements and promoting gender equality.  国际妇女节（3 月 8 日）是一项全球庆典，旨在致敬女性成就并促进性别平等Originating in the early 20th century, the day emerged from women's struggles worldwide for better working conditions, fair pay, and suffrage. Today, it celebrates women's vast contributions to society.  该节日起源于 20 世纪初，彼时世界各地的女性为争取更好的工作环境、公平薪酬与投票权而奋斗。如今，它旨在庆祝女性对社会做出的巨大贡献。 Commemorations vary globally. Countries host events and speeches to advance women's rights. Others exchange flowers and gifts to show respect. The day also acknowledges women in diverse roles: leaders, scientists, teachers, mothers, innovators, and creators.  全球各地的庆祝方式多种多样。许多国家举办活动与演讲以推动女性权利发展，人们则通过赠送鲜花与礼物来表达敬意。这一天也认可了女性在社会中扮演的多元角色：领导者、科学家、教师、母亲、创造者。 While celebrating progress, the day reminds us that the fight for equality continues. International Women's Day is both a tribute to women's strength and a call to empower and support them everywhere.  在庆祝进步的同时，该节日也提醒我们，平等之路依然任重道远。国际妇女节不仅是对女性力量的致敬，更是呼吁各地人民尊重、支持并赋予女性权力。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：Originating in the early 20th century, the day emerged from women's struggles worldwide for better working conditions, fair pay, and suffrage. 译文：该节日起源于 20 世纪初，彼时世界各地的女性为争取更好的工作环境、公平薪酬与投票权而奋斗。 难点：Originating in the early 20th century,这里是现在分词作状语。 2. 原句：While celebrating progress, the day reminds us that the fight for equality continues. 译文：在庆祝进步的同时，该节日也提醒我们，平等之路依然任重道远。 难点：While celebrating progress，这是从句的省略。 【重难词汇梳理】 international 国际的 global 全球的 promote 促进 achievement 成就 struggle 斗争 suffrage 投票权 vary 多样化 empower 赋予权力 Passage2 Put Health First:  A New Call for Students This March 全面落实 “健康第一” As March starts a new school term in China, the "Health First" idea is again a top priority in education, driven by policy and real needs. The Ministry of Education notes problems like myopia, poor fitness, and limited exercise among students, with some schools even replacing PE classes with other subjects. 三月，中国迎来新学期，“健康第一” 理念再次成为教育工作的重中之重，这背后是政策指引与现实需求的双重驱动。教育部指出，许多学生仍面临近视、体质差、运动少等问题，部分学校甚至用其他课程挤占体育课。To act on this policy, schools must provide enough PE classes and ensure at least two hours of daily physical activity, strictly banning the takeover of PE lessons. 为落实这一政策，学校必须开设充足的体育课，确保学生每天至少两小时体育活动，并严格禁止挤占体育课的行为。Tsinghua University sets a good example: no academic classes after 5 p.m., a "Sunshine Sports" program requiring 24 outdoor sessions for first three-year students, and a mandatory 50-meter swimming test for graduation (with exceptions for health conditions), showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua". 清华大学树立了榜样：下午 5 点后不安排学术课程，推行 “阳光体育” 项目，要求前三年学生完成至少 24 次户外锻炼，同时将 50 米游泳测试作为毕业要求（特殊健康状况除外），彰显了 “无体育，不清华” 的精神。Health is the foundation of study and dreams. This term, let’s take health seriously and keep exercising to build strong bodies and wills. 健康是学习与梦想的基石。这个学期，让我们重视健康，坚持锻炼，强健体魄、磨砺意志。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：To act on this policy, schools must provide enough PE classes and ensure at least two hours of daily physical activity, strictly banning the takeover of PE lessons.  译文：为落实这一政策，学校必须开设充足的体育课，确保学生每天至少两小时体育活动，并严格禁止挤占体育课的行为。 难点：To act on this policy,这里是动词不定时作目的状语。 3. 原句：Tsinghua University sets a good example: no academic classes after 5 p.m., a "Sunshine Sports" program requiring 24 outdoor sessions for first three-year students, and a mandatory 50-meter swimming test for graduation (with exceptions for health conditions), showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua".  译文：清华大学树立了榜样：下午 5 点后不安排学术课程，推行 “阳光体育” 项目，要求前三年学生完成至少 24 次户外锻炼，同时将 50 米游泳测试作为毕业要求（特殊健康状况除外），彰显了 “无体育，不清华” 的精神。 难点：showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua"，这里showing是现在分词作状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 priority 优先 ensure 确保 takeover 占用 strictly 严格地 academic 学术的 exception 除外 foundation 基石 will 意志 实战演练 Passage1 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will be surprised at the warm welcome. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve (提供) you snacks and fruits. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat (招待) their guests with a big meal. They always present more food than the guest can eat. On the table, the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the most surprising things for western guests is that the Chinese host likes to pick up food for visitors. This won’t happen at western tables. Chinese families go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: How happy we are, to meet friends from far away! 1．In a Chinese family, the host usually offers guests ________. A．juice and candy B．juice and cakes C．tea and fruits D．milk and tea 2．What’s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the text? A．学而时习之，不亦说乎？ B．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ C．人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ D．己所不欲，勿施于人。 3．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Where Chinese people usually go. B．How Chinese people treat the guests. C．What food Chinese people like to eat. D．Why Chinese people invite the guests to their house. Passage2 Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you are to know some table manners. EATING MANNERS Japan: It is “perfectly” okay to slurp (发出啧啧的声音) when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp. Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in the left hand, and knife in the right. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners. Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who’s eating, even a stranger, it’s good manners to say “provecho”, which means enjoy. In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It’s a social occasion—Lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Where you sit matters in the country. You must say “enjoy your meal” before you leave the table. DRINKING MANNERS America: If you empty a bottle into someone’s glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It’s polite to put the last drops into your own glass. Australia: In a pub it’s usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it’s your turn, say “It’s my round”. When it’s their round, they will buy it for you. Don’t leave before you’ve bought a round. Japan: Don’t fill your own glass with alcohol. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you. 1．How many countries are mentioned in the article? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 2．When you are at table in Mexico, you should _________ . A．keep silent if you catch the eye of a stranger B．eat as quickly as you can to save your time C．wish others happy with eating before leaving the table D．seat yourself anywhere before the host tells you to 3．According to the passage, it is good manners to _________ . A．keep quiet when eating noodles in Japan B．leave some food on your plate in France C．put the fork in the right hand in Russia D．take turns to treat each other in Australia 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Eating Manners B．Drinking Manners C．Table Manners D．Country Manners 5．The writer tells us about the table manners in many countries in order to_________ . A．attract us to these countries to enjoy foreign food B．help us behave in a polite manner in different countries C．teach us how to handle knives, forks and spoons D．make us be able to express thanks to different hosts Passage3 The sun hung low and the air was filled with voices and cameras. Something was about to happen. Roy’s heart beat like a drum. He looked out at the people gathering for the pancake house ground-breaking ceremony (奠基仪式). Behind him stood the company men and the reporters. And under his feet were the tiny burrows of the owls. Heavy machines were ready to destroy (破坏) their living area. He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of Beatrice who always protected animals even when it was hard. He was quiet and shy, but he knew he couldn’t keep silent this time. He walked to the microphone (话筒) with shaking hands. “Excuse me,” he said slowly. “Before you dig, you should know the truth.” The crowd grew quiet. “There are owls living here,” Roy said. “They’re small. They’re scared. And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.” Someone in the crowd laughed. A reporter asked, “How do you know that?” “Because I saw them. I stood right here and watched them. They live here. They belong here. And they matter.” The manager stepped forward, “This is not your business, kid.” Roy turned to face him. His fear turned into something else strength. “It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business. We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress should not come at the cost of wonder,” he said. His hands stopped shaking. People in the crowd began talking in a low voice. One mother held her child’s hand. A teacher nodded in agreement. Even the manager looked uncertain. Roy didn’t know what would happen next. But he did what he could. He spoke the truth. Roy used to be scared, but doing the right thing made him stronger. Sometimes, doing what you can is enough to shift the wind. ·burrows: holes in the ground made by animals 1．How did Roy feel when he walked to the microphone? A．Relaxed. B．Lonely. C．Nervous. D．Happy. 2．Why did Roy speak to the crowd at the ceremony? A．To protect the owls’ living area. B．To raise money for wildlife. C．To introduce the pancake house. D．To welcome people from other towns. 3．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably means that ______. A．there’s nothing more important than progress B．people should pay more money to protect nature C．people had better cut the cost of making wonders D．nature shouldn’t be destroyed for development 4．What can we learn from Roy’s story in the passage? A．Silence sometimes speaks louder than actions. B．Standing up for nature takes courage but it’s important to us. C．Knowing yourself helps you make the right choice. D．Finding out the truth needs patience and wisdom. Passage4 In Anhui, China, an alley (小巷) named “Liuchixiang” makes many visitors interested. There is a famous 1 behind this old alley. During the Qing Dynasty, an officer named Zhang Ying heard from his family. There was a dispute (纠纷) between his family and the Wu family, their neighbors, over the alley between their houses in his hometown Tongcheng. Both of them thought the other took more land and they were 2 with each other. Zhang’s family wanted Zhang Ying to 3 them solve the dispute. Zhang wrote a poem and told 4 family members that the wall was only a temporary (临时的) structure. It was the 5 relationship with their neighbors that mattered. His family thought he was 6 and moved their wall back by a meter. The Wu family were deeply moved. So they did the same thing. 7 , the two families made an alley. Now, Tongcheng has 8 a harmonious (和谐的) city. The idea of harmony plays a(n) 9 role in solving all kinds of disputes in this city. Tongcheng has solved 2,400 disputes this year. 98 percent of them were solved because of the idea of harmony. A good neighbor is better than a brother far away. We should always be polite and nice to our neighbours. The story is also a good 10 , telling us the idea of harmony, especially in disputes. 1．A．joke B．story C．rule D．plan 2．A．angry B．pleased C．bored D．patient 3．A．lead B．help C．hear D．let 4．A．her B．his C．your D．our 5．A．poor B．serious C．hard D．close 6．A．good B．different C．right D．crazy 7．A．For example B．In fact C．As a result D．First of all 8．A．become B．lost C．kept D．started 9．A．simple B．important C．wrong D．common 10．A．interest B．number C．example D．excuse Passage5 Chinese food is very famous in the world. Chinese people think 1 is one of the most important things during their lives. They do not 2 each other with “How are you?”, but they ask “Have you eaten?” Since table manners are part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese people still 3 their table manners today. There is a seat for the “guest of honour” or the 4 person in the family. In most parts of China, the “seat of honour” is 5 the one facing the front door of the room. The 6 of honour can also be the one in the middle facing the east of the room if there is no seat facing the door. As for the host, he or she may take the most 7 seat. It is always the nearest to the kitchen or the service (服务) door. It is better to sit after the elder or the “guest of honour” sits down. Guests should 8 the host to invite them to sit down. Chinese people like having meals together and they 9 all the dishes on a round table. There is sometimes a round rotating disc (旋转盘) in the 10 of the dining table. It makes sure that all the diners can enjoy the meal and feel respected. 1．A．knowledge B．money C．food D．health 2．A．greet B．introduce C．attract D．teach 3．A．break B．follow C．create D．explore 4．A．richest B．youngest C．poorest D．oldest 5．A．slowly B．normally C．finally D．quickly 6．A．seat B．friend C．map D．time 7．A．convenient B．expensive C．different D．comfortable 8．A．talk with B．think of C．wait for D．look for 9．A．show B．grow C．wash D．put 10．A．corner B．west C．east D．centre Passage 6 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题，注意词数限制。 Confucius was a great thinker and teacher in ancient China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu. He acted as an official (官员) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official, and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu. Confucius’ teachings formed the base (基础) of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues (美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought. To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying (服从), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace. It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world. Confucius’ Life and Thought 1 * working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * 2 in Qufu Achievements * the book called Lunyu * the base of Chinese thought *a necessary part of 3 thought and Chinese culture * a help for the development of China and the world Main thought * developing virtues * doing the right thing * building a(n) 4 society (he) Virtues * ren: kindness, charity * yi: fairness * li: ceremony, tradition * zhi: knowledge * xin: trust * xiao: to love, respect, obey and take care of parents It is well known that 5 is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 112 本文介绍国际妇女节的起源及庆祝方式。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 147 “健康第一” 理念再次成为教育工作的重中之重，这背后是政策指引与现实需求的双重驱动。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 227 本文介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，在家庭待客方面的传统习俗，包括待客的具体做法、餐桌礼仪以及热情好客的文化内涵。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 321 本文介绍了多个国家的餐桌礼仪和饮酒礼仪，帮助读者在不同国家礼貌用餐。 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 326 本文讲述了Roy在煎饼屋奠基仪式上，勇敢站出来保护猫头鹰的居住地，强调了为自然发声的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 242 本文主要介绍了安徽桐城“六尺巷”的由来，讲述了张英以和为贵化解邻里纠纷的故事，以及这个故事对当地和谐氛围的影响。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 221 本文主要介绍了中国饮食文化中的餐桌礼仪，包括座次安排、问候方式以及用餐习惯等。 Passage6 任务型阅读 记叙文 257 本文主要介绍了中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家孔子的生平、思想及其对中国乃至世界的影响。 时文阅读 Passage1 Women's Day International Women's Day, celebrated on March 8, is a global observance honoring women's achievements and promoting gender equality.  国际妇女节（3 月 8 日）是一项全球庆典，旨在致敬女性成就并促进性别平等Originating in the early 20th century, the day emerged from women's struggles worldwide for better working conditions, fair pay, and suffrage. Today, it celebrates women's vast contributions to society.  该节日起源于 20 世纪初，彼时世界各地的女性为争取更好的工作环境、公平薪酬与投票权而奋斗。如今，它旨在庆祝女性对社会做出的巨大贡献。 Commemorations vary globally. Countries host events and speeches to advance women's rights. Others exchange flowers and gifts to show respect. The day also acknowledges women in diverse roles: leaders, scientists, teachers, mothers, innovators, and creators.  全球各地的庆祝方式多种多样。许多国家举办活动与演讲以推动女性权利发展，人们则通过赠送鲜花与礼物来表达敬意。这一天也认可了女性在社会中扮演的多元角色：领导者、科学家、教师、母亲、创造者。 While celebrating progress, the day reminds us that the fight for equality continues. International Women's Day is both a tribute to women's strength and a call to empower and support them everywhere.  在庆祝进步的同时，该节日也提醒我们，平等之路依然任重道远。国际妇女节不仅是对女性力量的致敬，更是呼吁各地人民尊重、支持并赋予女性权力。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：Originating in the early 20th century, the day emerged from women's struggles worldwide for better working conditions, fair pay, and suffrage. 译文：该节日起源于 20 世纪初，彼时世界各地的女性为争取更好的工作环境、公平薪酬与投票权而奋斗。 难点：Originating in the early 20th century,这里是现在分词作状语。 2. 原句：While celebrating progress, the day reminds us that the fight for equality continues. 译文：在庆祝进步的同时，该节日也提醒我们，平等之路依然任重道远。 难点：While celebrating progress，这是从句的省略。 【重难词汇梳理】 international 国际的 global 全球的 promote 促进 achievement 成就 struggle 斗争 suffrage 投票权 vary 多样化 empower 赋予权力 Passage2 Put Health First:  A New Call for Students This March 全面落实 “健康第一” As March starts a new school term in China, the "Health First" idea is again a top priority in education, driven by policy and real needs. The Ministry of Education notes problems like myopia, poor fitness, and limited exercise among students, with some schools even replacing PE classes with other subjects. 三月，中国迎来新学期，“健康第一” 理念再次成为教育工作的重中之重，这背后是政策指引与现实需求的双重驱动。教育部指出，许多学生仍面临近视、体质差、运动少等问题，部分学校甚至用其他课程挤占体育课。To act on this policy, schools must provide enough PE classes and ensure at least two hours of daily physical activity, strictly banning the takeover of PE lessons. 为落实这一政策，学校必须开设充足的体育课，确保学生每天至少两小时体育活动，并严格禁止挤占体育课的行为。Tsinghua University sets a good example: no academic classes after 5 p.m., a "Sunshine Sports" program requiring 24 outdoor sessions for first three-year students, and a mandatory 50-meter swimming test for graduation (with exceptions for health conditions), showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua". 清华大学树立了榜样：下午 5 点后不安排学术课程，推行 “阳光体育” 项目，要求前三年学生完成至少 24 次户外锻炼，同时将 50 米游泳测试作为毕业要求（特殊健康状况除外），彰显了 “无体育，不清华” 的精神。Health is the foundation of study and dreams. This term, let’s take health seriously and keep exercising to build strong bodies and wills. 健康是学习与梦想的基石。这个学期，让我们重视健康，坚持锻炼，强健体魄、磨砺意志。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：To act on this policy, schools must provide enough PE classes and ensure at least two hours of daily physical activity, strictly banning the takeover of PE lessons.  译文：为落实这一政策，学校必须开设充足的体育课，确保学生每天至少两小时体育活动，并严格禁止挤占体育课的行为。 难点：To act on this policy,这里是动词不定时作目的状语。 3. 原句：Tsinghua University sets a good example: no academic classes after 5 p.m., a "Sunshine Sports" program requiring 24 outdoor sessions for first three-year students, and a mandatory 50-meter swimming test for graduation (with exceptions for health conditions), showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua".  译文：清华大学树立了榜样：下午 5 点后不安排学术课程，推行 “阳光体育” 项目，要求前三年学生完成至少 24 次户外锻炼，同时将 50 米游泳测试作为毕业要求（特殊健康状况除外），彰显了 “无体育，不清华” 的精神。 难点：showing the spirit of "No Sports, No Tsinghua"，这里showing是现在分词作状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 priority 优先 ensure 确保 takeover 占用 strictly 严格地 academic 学术的 exception 除外 foundation 基石 will 意志 实战演练 Passage1 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will be surprised at the warm welcome. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve (提供) you snacks and fruits. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat (招待) their guests with a big meal. They always present more food than the guest can eat. On the table, the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the most surprising things for western guests is that the Chinese host likes to pick up food for visitors. This won’t happen at western tables. Chinese families go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: How happy we are, to meet friends from far away! 1．In a Chinese family, the host usually offers guests ________. A．juice and candy B．juice and cakes C．tea and fruits D．milk and tea 2．What’s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the text? A．学而时习之，不亦说乎？ B．有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ C．人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ D．己所不欲，勿施于人。 3．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Where Chinese people usually go. B．How Chinese people treat the guests. C．What food Chinese people like to eat. D．Why Chinese people invite the guests to their house. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，在家庭待客方面的传统习俗，包括待客的具体做法、餐桌礼仪以及热情好客的文化内涵。 1．细节理解题。根据“When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks and fruits.”可知，中国家庭的主人通常会为客人提供茶和水果。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。文章结尾引用孔子的话“How happy we are, to meet friends from far away!”，意思是“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”，与选项B的内容一致。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起段，点明中国是礼仪之邦，待客热情；第二段和第三段具体介绍待客的做法和餐桌礼仪；第四段总结段，升华主题，强调热情好客是中国文化的重要部分。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章从主人奉茶、准备大餐、餐桌礼仪等方面，详细介绍了中国人如何招待客人，核心是展示中国的待客之道。故选B。 Passage2 Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle knives, forks and spoons and how to eat in a polite manner. To behave well abroad, you are to know some table manners. EATING MANNERS Japan: It is “perfectly” okay to slurp (发出啧啧的声音) when you eat noodles. Unlike making big noises, slurping slightly is not rude. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp. Russia: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in the left hand, and knife in the right. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table. Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. France: Never discuss money or religion over dinner. What is different from the manners in Russia is that finishing everything on your plate is considered good manners. Mexico: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who’s eating, even a stranger, it’s good manners to say “provecho”, which means enjoy. In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It’s a social occasion—Lunches are seldom quick and suppers can last for hours. Where you sit matters in the country. You must say “enjoy your meal” before you leave the table. DRINKING MANNERS America: If you empty a bottle into someone’s glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It’s polite to put the last drops into your own glass. Australia: In a pub it’s usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it’s your turn, say “It’s my round”. When it’s their round, they will buy it for you. Don’t leave before you’ve bought a round. Japan: Don’t fill your own glass with alcohol. Instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to do it for you. 1．How many countries are mentioned in the article? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. 2．When you are at table in Mexico, you should _________ . A．keep silent if you catch the eye of a stranger B．eat as quickly as you can to save your time C．wish others happy with eating before leaving the table D．seat yourself anywhere before the host tells you to 3．According to the passage, it is good manners to _________ . A．keep quiet when eating noodles in Japan B．leave some food on your plate in France C．put the fork in the right hand in Russia D．take turns to treat each other in Australia 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Eating Manners B．Drinking Manners C．Table Manners D．Country Manners 5．The writer tells us about the table manners in many countries in order to_________ . A．attract us to these countries to enjoy foreign food B．help us behave in a polite manner in different countries C．teach us how to handle knives, forks and spoons D．make us be able to express thanks to different hosts 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了多个国家的餐桌礼仪和饮酒礼仪，帮助读者在不同国家礼貌用餐。 1．细节理解题。根据“Japan...Russia...France...Mexico...America...Australia”可知文章一共提到6个国家，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Mexico: You must say ‘enjoy your meal’ before you leave the table.”可知在墨西哥离开餐桌前应祝他人用餐愉快，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Australia: In a pub it’s usual to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group.”可知在澳大利亚轮流请客是礼貌的，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕“table manners”展开，介绍了多个国家的用餐和饮酒礼仪，故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“To behave well abroad, you are to know some table manners.”可知作者介绍各国礼仪是为了帮助读者在海外礼貌行事，故选B。 Passage3 The sun hung low and the air was filled with voices and cameras. Something was about to happen. Roy’s heart beat like a drum. He looked out at the people gathering for the pancake house ground-breaking ceremony (奠基仪式). Behind him stood the company men and the reporters. And under his feet were the tiny burrows of the owls. Heavy machines were ready to destroy (破坏) their living area. He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of Beatrice who always protected animals even when it was hard. He was quiet and shy, but he knew he couldn’t keep silent this time. He walked to the microphone (话筒) with shaking hands. “Excuse me,” he said slowly. “Before you dig, you should know the truth.” The crowd grew quiet. “There are owls living here,” Roy said. “They’re small. They’re scared. And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.” Someone in the crowd laughed. A reporter asked, “How do you know that?” “Because I saw them. I stood right here and watched them. They live here. They belong here. And they matter.” The manager stepped forward, “This is not your business, kid.” Roy turned to face him. His fear turned into something else strength. “It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business. We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress should not come at the cost of wonder,” he said. His hands stopped shaking. People in the crowd began talking in a low voice. One mother held her child’s hand. A teacher nodded in agreement. Even the manager looked uncertain. Roy didn’t know what would happen next. But he did what he could. He spoke the truth. Roy used to be scared, but doing the right thing made him stronger. Sometimes, doing what you can is enough to shift the wind. ·burrows: holes in the ground made by animals 1．How did Roy feel when he walked to the microphone? A．Relaxed. B．Lonely. C．Nervous. D．Happy. 2．Why did Roy speak to the crowd at the ceremony? A．To protect the owls’ living area. B．To raise money for wildlife. C．To introduce the pancake house. D．To welcome people from other towns. 3．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably means that ______. A．there’s nothing more important than progress B．people should pay more money to protect nature C．people had better cut the cost of making wonders D．nature shouldn’t be destroyed for development 4．What can we learn from Roy’s story in the passage? A．Silence sometimes speaks louder than actions. B．Standing up for nature takes courage but it’s important to us. C．Knowing yourself helps you make the right choice. D．Finding out the truth needs patience and wisdom. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Roy在煎饼屋奠基仪式上，勇敢站出来保护猫头鹰的居住地，强调了为自然发声的重要性。 1．根据文章第一段“Roy’s heart beat like a drum.”以及第二段“He walked to the microphone (话筒) with shaking hands.”可知，Roy走向话筒时心跳加速、手在颤抖，说明他很紧张。 2．根据文章第三段“There are owls living here...And if you build here, you’ll destroy their homes.”以及第四段“We can’t just destroy what we don’t see. Progress should not come at the cost of wonder”可知，Roy发言是为了保护猫头鹰的居住地不被破坏。 3．根据文章第四段“Progress should not come at the cost of wonder”可知，画线句的意思是“发展不应该以破坏自然为代价”，即“不应该为了发展而破坏自然”。 4．根据文章最后一段“Roy used to be scared, but doing the right thing made him stronger.”可知，Roy的故事告诉我们：为自然发声需要勇气，但这对我们很重要。 Passage4 In Anhui, China, an alley (小巷) named “Liuchixiang” makes many visitors interested. There is a famous 1 behind this old alley. During the Qing Dynasty, an officer named Zhang Ying heard from his family. There was a dispute (纠纷) between his family and the Wu family, their neighbors, over the alley between their houses in his hometown Tongcheng. Both of them thought the other took more land and they were 2 with each other. Zhang’s family wanted Zhang Ying to 3 them solve the dispute. Zhang wrote a poem and told 4 family members that the wall was only a temporary (临时的) structure. It was the 5 relationship with their neighbors that mattered. His family thought he was 6 and moved their wall back by a meter. The Wu family were deeply moved. So they did the same thing. 7 , the two families made an alley. Now, Tongcheng has 8 a harmonious (和谐的) city. The idea of harmony plays a(n) 9 role in solving all kinds of disputes in this city. Tongcheng has solved 2,400 disputes this year. 98 percent of them were solved because of the idea of harmony. A good neighbor is better than a brother far away. We should always be polite and nice to our neighbours. The story is also a good 10 , telling us the idea of harmony, especially in disputes. 1．A．joke B．story C．rule D．plan 2．A．angry B．pleased C．bored D．patient 3．A．lead B．help C．hear D．let 4．A．her B．his C．your D．our 5．A．poor B．serious C．hard D．close 6．A．good B．different C．right D．crazy 7．A．For example B．In fact C．As a result D．First of all 8．A．become B．lost C．kept D．started 9．A．simple B．important C．wrong D．common 10．A．interest B．number C．example D．excuse 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了安徽桐城“六尺巷”的由来，讲述了张英以和为贵化解邻里纠纷的故事，以及这个故事对当地和谐氛围的影响。 1．句意：这条古老的小巷背后有一个著名的故事。 joke笑话；story故事；rule规则；plan计划。根据后文讲述的张英化解邻里纠纷的内容可知，这里指的是小巷背后的“故事”。故选B。 2．句意：他们都认为对方占了更多的地，彼此都很生气。 angry生气的；pleased高兴的；bored无聊的；patient耐心的。根据“there was a dispute between his family and the Wu family”可知，邻里间有纠纷，情绪应该是“生气的”，所以用“angry”。故选A。 3．句意：张家希望张英帮他们解决纠纷。 lead带领；help帮助；hear听见；let让。根据“solve the dispute”可知，“help sb. solve sth.”是固定搭配，意为“帮某人解决某事”，符合语境。故选B。 4．句意：张英写了一首诗，告诉他的家人墙只是一个临时建筑。 her她的；his他的；your你的；our我们的。根据主语“Zhang”（男性）可知，这里指“他的”家人，所以用“his”。故选B。 5．句意：重要的是与邻居的亲密关系。 poor贫穷的；serious严肃的；hard困难的；close亲密的。根据前文张英劝家人让地的行为可知，他看重的是邻里间“亲密的”关系。故选D。 6．句意：他的家人认为他是对的，把墙往后移了一米。 good好的；different不同的；right对的；crazy疯狂的。根据“moved their wall back by a meter”可知，家人照做了，说明认为他的想法是“对的”。故选C。 7．句意：结果，两家之间形成了一条小巷。 For example例如；In fact事实上；As a result结果；First of all首先。根据“they did the same thing”和“the two families made an alley”可知，后者是前者的结果，所以用“As a result”。故选C。 8．句意：现在，桐城已经成为一个和谐的城市。 become成为；lost失去；kept保持；started开始。根据“a harmonious city”可知，这里是说桐城“成为”了和谐城市。故选A。 9．句意：和谐理念在解决这座城市的各种纠纷中发挥着重要作用。 simple简单的；important重要的；wrong错误的；common普通的。根据“solved 2,400 disputes this year. 98 percent of them were solved because of the idea of harmony”可知，和谐理念的作用是“重要的”。故选B。 10．句意：这个故事也是一个很好的例子，告诉我们和谐的理念，尤其是在纠纷中。 interest兴趣；number数字；example例子；excuse借口。根据“telling us the idea of harmony”可知，这个故事是诠释和谐理念的“例子”。故选C。 Passage5 Chinese food is very famous in the world. Chinese people think 1 is one of the most important things during their lives. They do not 2 each other with “How are you?”, but they ask “Have you eaten?” Since table manners are part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese people still 3 their table manners today. There is a seat for the “guest of honour” or the 4 person in the family. In most parts of China, the “seat of honour” is 5 the one facing the front door of the room. The 6 of honour can also be the one in the middle facing the east of the room if there is no seat facing the door. As for the host, he or she may take the most 7 seat. It is always the nearest to the kitchen or the service (服务) door. It is better to sit after the elder or the “guest of honour” sits down. Guests should 8 the host to invite them to sit down. Chinese people like having meals together and they 9 all the dishes on a round table. There is sometimes a round rotating disc (旋转盘) in the 10 of the dining table. It makes sure that all the diners can enjoy the meal and feel respected. 1．A．knowledge B．money C．food D．health 2．A．greet B．introduce C．attract D．teach 3．A．break B．follow C．create D．explore 4．A．richest B．youngest C．poorest D．oldest 5．A．slowly B．normally C．finally D．quickly 6．A．seat B．friend C．map D．time 7．A．convenient B．expensive C．different D．comfortable 8．A．talk with B．think of C．wait for D．look for 9．A．show B．grow C．wash D．put 10．A．corner B．west C．east D．centre 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国饮食文化中的餐桌礼仪，包括座次安排、问候方式以及用餐习惯等。 1．句意：中国人认为食物是他们生活中最重要的事情之一。 knowledge知识；money金钱；food食物；health健康。根据“Chinese food is very famous in the world.”以及“They do not…each other with ‘How are you?’, but they ask ‘Have you eaten?’”可知，中国人很重视食物，认为食物是生活中重要的事情之一，故选C。 2．句意：他们不会用“你好吗？”来问候对方，而是问“你吃了吗？”。 greet问候；introduce介绍；attract吸引；teach教。根据“They do not…each other with ‘How are you?’, but they ask ‘Have you eaten?’”可知，此处指中国人不会用“你好吗？”来问候对方，而是用“你吃了吗？”来问候，故选A。 3．句意：由于餐桌礼仪是中国烹饪文化的一部分，中国人至今仍遵循他们的餐桌礼仪。 break打破；follow遵循；create创造；explore探索。根据“Since table manners are part of Chinese cooking culture”可知，餐桌礼仪是中国烹饪文化的一部分，所以中国人至今仍遵循他们的餐桌礼仪，故选B。 4．句意：有一个座位是给“贵宾”或家里最年长的人的。 richest最富有的；youngest最年轻的；poorest最贫穷的；oldest最年长的。根据“It is better to sit after the elder or the ‘guest of honour’ sits down.”可知，有一个座位是给家里最年长的人或“贵宾”的，故选D。 5．句意：在中国的大部分地区，“上座”通常是面对房间前门的那个座位。 slowly慢慢地；normally通常；finally最后；quickly快速地。根据“In most parts of China, the ‘seat of honour’ is…the one facing the front door of the room.”可知，在中国的大部分地区，“上座”通常是面对房间前门的那个座位，故选B。 6．句意：如果没有面对门的座位，上座也可以是坐在房间中间面向东方的座位。 seat座位；friend朋友；map地图；time时间。根据“The…of honour can also be the one in the middle facing the east of the room if there is no seat facing the door.”可知，此处指上座，故选A。 7．句意：至于主人，他或她可能会坐在最方便的座位上。 convenient方便的；expensive昂贵的；different不同的；comfortable舒适的。根据“It is always the nearest to the kitchen or the service (服务) door.”可知，主人会坐在最方便的座位上，这个座位离厨房或服务门最近，故选A。 8．句意：客人应该等待主人邀请他们坐下。 talk with与……交谈；think of想起；wait for等待；look for寻找。根据“Guests should…the host to invite them to sit down.”可知，客人应该等待主人邀请他们坐下，故选C。 9．句意：中国人喜欢一起吃饭，他们把所有的菜都放在圆桌上。 show展示；grow种植；wash洗；put放。根据“Chinese people like having meals together and they…all the dishes on a round table.”可知，中国人喜欢一起吃饭，他们把所有的菜都放在圆桌上，故选D。 10．句意：有时在餐桌的中央有一个圆形的旋转盘。 corner角落；west西方；east东方；centre中心。根据“There is sometimes a round rotating disc (旋转盘) in the…of the dining table.”可知，有时在餐桌的中央有一个圆形的旋转盘，故选D。 Passage 6 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题，注意词数限制。 Confucius was a great thinker and teacher in ancient China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu. He acted as an official (官员) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official, and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu. Confucius’ teachings formed the base (基础) of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues (美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought. To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying (服从), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace. It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world. Confucius’ Life and Thought 1 * working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * 2 in Qufu Achievements * the book called Lunyu * the base of Chinese thought *a necessary part of 3 thought and Chinese culture * a help for the development of China and the world Main thought * developing virtues * doing the right thing * building a(n) 4 society (he) Virtues * ren: kindness, charity * yi: fairness * li: ceremony, tradition * zhi: knowledge * xin: trust * xiao: to love, respect, obey and take care of parents It is well known that 5 is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world 【答案】1．Experiences 2．teaching 3．Eastern 4．peaceful 5．ren/kindness/charity 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家孔子的生平、思想及其对中国乃至世界的影响。 1．根据“He acted as an official there... He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas…In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching.”可知，这部分列举了孔子的主要人生经历，空处应填与“经历”相关的词，可用“experiences”表示，根据表格第一列其他三项可知，首字母需要大写。故填Experiences。 2．根据“In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching.”可知，孔子晚年回到曲阜从事教学，空处应填与“教学”相关的词，可用“teaching”表示。故填teaching。 3．根据“Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought.”可知，孔子的思想是东方思想的必要组成部分，空处应填与“东方的”相关的词，可用“Eastern”表示。故填Eastern。 4．根据“And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.”可知，孔子思想的最终目标是建立一个和平的社会，空处应填与“和平的” 相关的词，可用 “peaceful” 表示。故填peaceful。 5．根据“They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao.” 和 “ren (kindness, charity)”的释义可知，“仁”（ren）是其中一种美德，信奉它的人会爱世间所有人，空处应填“ren”或“kindness”或“charity”。故填ren/kindness/charity。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $