Unit 3 Trees and us 树木与我们（话题阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版七年级下册

Unit 3 Trees and us树木与我们（生态与环保） 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 249 介绍猴面包树的特点、习性与“生命之树”由来，说明其在干旱地区的用途和对人类的重要性。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 341 分析洛杉矶野火中部分树木未被烧毁的原因，指出棕榈树的火灾隐患并给出消防建议。 实战 演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 328 作者首次种花遇挫想放弃，因母亲提醒坚持后牵牛花发芽，由此领悟耐心的意义。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 272 塞罕坝从森林变荒漠，经几代林场工人近60年努力重现绿色，其森林意义重大，保护工作任重道远。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 192 介绍红树林的作用、生存危机和各国保护措施，强调保护红树林就是保护人类家园。 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 232 探讨是否赋予自然法律权利，介绍了相关的两种不同观点。 Passage5 六选五 说明文 242 介绍中国被称作 “竹子王国” 的原因，以及竹子的用途、生长特性和文化意义。 Passage6 阅读问答 说明文 137 说明动植物的食性特点，阐释植物靠阳光造食物、所有动物最终都以植物为食的食物链关系。 Passage 1时文阅读 Long ago, when an old man first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. Then the man pulled the tree out and planted it upside down (颠倒地) to make sure it stayed in one place. What’s the tree? It’s the baobab tree, also called monkey bread tree, bottle tree or others. The baobab tree is a strange looking tree that grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its name “Bottle Tree”, it looks like a large bottle. Some grow as tall as a 16- floor building. During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves, and look like trunks sticking up in the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then flowers come out. Later, the flowers can turn into (变成) fruit. Baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live longer than 1,000 years old. In the dry land, the baobab can save and hold 1, 000 gallons (加仑) of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, monkey bread, is good to eat. Baobab leaves are a kind of medicine. People can use the bark (树皮) to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes empty (空的) . An old tree can hold many people. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a helpful tree that some people could hardly live without it. 很久很久以前，一位老人第一次在花园里种树时，那棵树充满生机，总在 “移动”。于是老人把树拔了出来，颠倒栽种，确保它能固定在一个地方。这棵树是什么呢？它就是猴面包树，也被称为瓶子树或其他名字。 猴面包树是一种外形奇特的树木，生长在非洲和澳大利亚。正如它的名字 “瓶子树” 所示，它的外形酷似一个巨大的瓶子。有些猴面包树能长到 16 层楼那么高。旱季时，这些树光秃秃的，没有一片叶子，看起来就像一根根突兀矗立在空气中的树干。但雨季一来，树叶便会冒出来，随后绽放花朵。不久后，花朵会结出果实。 猴面包树被称为 “生命之树”，因为它的寿命能超过 1000 年。在干旱的土地上，一棵猴面包树能储存 1000 加仑（约 3785 升）的水分。口渴的人们可以饮用树中储存的水。它的果实 “猴面包” 口感清甜，可供食用；树叶可入药；树皮则能用来造纸或织布。当猴面包树长得年头久了，树干会变得中空。一棵老树的树干能容纳许多人，当地人常常在这些树干里搭建房屋。它是如此实用的一棵树，以至于有些人的生活几乎离不开它。 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By singing a song. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a story. D．By giving an example. 2．Why does the baobab have no leaves in the dry season? A．To grow tall. B．To save water. C．To make fruit. D．To be a bottle. 3．What makes the baobab “the tree of life”? A．It looks like a big bottle. B．It has flowers in rainy seasons. C．It only grows in dry lands. D．It can live to be over 1000 years old. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Look of the Baobab Tree B．A Very Helpful Tree of Life C．The Dry Season in Australia D．A Delicious African Flower 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了猴面包树的外形特点、生长习性、被称为“生命之树”的原因，以及它在生活中的多种用途，展现了它是一种对人类非常有帮助的树木。 1．第一段提到“Long ago, when an old man first planted a tree in the garden... What’s the tree?”可知，作者是通过讲述一个故事来开始文章的。 2．第二段提到“During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves”，第三段提到“In the dry land, the baobab can save and hold 1,000 gallons of water”可推断，猴面包树在旱季没有叶子是为了储存水分。 3．第三段提到“Baobab is called ‘the tree of life’, because it can live longer than 1,000 years old”可知，它被称为“生命之树”的原因是可以存活超过1000年。 4．文章整体介绍了猴面包树的外形、生长特点、“生命之树”的称号以及它的多种用途可知，最佳标题是“A Very Helpful Tree of Life”。    【重难词汇梳理】 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/adv. 颠倒地；倒转地 energy /ˈenədʒi/n. 活力；能量 trunk /trʌŋk/n. 树干；躯干 gallon /ˈɡælən/n. 加仑（容量单位） thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/adj. 口渴的；缺水的 bark /bɑːk/n. 树皮；v. 吠叫 empty /ˈempti/adj. 空的；v. 清空 helpful /ˈhelpfl/adj. 有用的；有帮助的 dry season 旱季 rainy season 雨季 the tree of life 生命之树 be full of 充满…… pull out 拔出；拔掉 come out （花朵）绽放；出现 turn into 变成；转化为 stick up 竖起；突出 save and hold 储存并容纳 be good to eat 口感好；可食用 hardly live without 几乎离不开 build houses inside 在…… 内部建房子 make paper or cloth 造纸或织布 【长难句分析】 1. Long ago, when an old man first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. 句式结构：时间状语从句（when...）+ 主句（it...） 分析：when 引导时间状语从句，修饰主句的时间背景 “Long ago”；从句中 “in the garden” 作后置定语，修饰 “planted” 的地点；主句为并列谓语结构（was full of... and kept...），表树的两种状态。 译文：很久很久以前，一位老人第一次在花园里种树时，那棵树充满生机，总在 “移动”。 2. Baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live longer than 1,000 years old. 句式结构：主句（Baobab...）+ 原因状语从句（because...） 分析：主句为被动语态（be called + 宾语），表树的别称；because 引导原因状语从句，解释被称为 “生命之树” 的原因；从句中 “longer than 1,000 years old” 为比较级结构，强调树的寿命之长。 译文：猴面包树被称为 “生命之树”，因为它的寿命能超过 1000 年。 3. It is such a helpful tree that some people could hardly live without it. 句式结构：主句（It...）+ 结果状语从句（that...） 分析：主句为 “such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数” 结构，表 “如此…… 的事物”；that 引导结果状语从句，说明树的重要性；从句中 “hardly live without it” 为固定搭配，表 “几乎离不开它”。 译文：它是如此实用的一棵树，以至于有些人的生活几乎离不开它。 Passage 2 When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needlelike (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 当人们想到野火时，首先想到的往往是燃烧的树木。如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是不是发生了什么不寻常的事。 今年 1 月的几周里，大规模野火在洛杉矶蔓延。大火摧毁了大量房屋，许多人丧生。随着火灾照片在网上传播，人们注意到：在被烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边，树木却依然矗立。有些人不相信大火会放过树木。“有人在秘密袭击洛杉矶的房屋吗？” 他们问道。答案很简单：并非如此。洛杉矶大量的照片和视频显示，树木确实会起火燃烧。 但有些树木没被烧毁，这也是事实。科学家表示，对此有一个简单的解释。 这一切都与水分有关。“这很容易理解，” 生物学教授米兰达・哈特说。“树木里含有成千上万升的水分。” 需要说明的是，当火势足够大、温度足够高时，树木确实会燃烧。但如果一棵充满水分的树旁边是非常干燥的东西，干燥的物体会先燃烧，甚至会改变火势的走向。“这样一来，你可以想象，如果树木两边都有足够的‘可燃物’，火就会绕着树烧过去。” 哈特教授补充道。 此外，树种也很重要。某些树种更容易起火。例如，落叶树（每年落叶的树）很难燃烧。这是因为它们的叶子含水量更高。而对于针叶树（长着针状叶子的树），情况则正好相反。 在洛杉矶，棕榈树随处可见，它们已成为这座城市的象征。但研究表明，由于结构和种类的特点，棕榈树特别容易助长火势蔓延。因此，为降低火灾风险，当地消防部门建议不要再多种植棕榈树。如果没有妥善养护，这些树木在野火中会迅速燃烧并蔓延，危及附近的人员和财物。 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．The underlined word “moisture” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．dry condition B．water content C．high heat D．cold temperature 3．新考向  How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ◯a tree full of water   a dry thing fire’s path A．B． C． D． 4．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了洛杉矶山火中部分树木未被引燃的现象及原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched.”可知，人们对山火产生质疑的原因是部分树木在火灾中保持完好。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters of water.”可知，moisture指的是树木的含水量。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. ‘In that way, you can imagine fire just going around the tree’”可知，火焰会绕过水分充足的树木，优先点燃旁边干燥的可燃物，对应示意图 B。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“ While for conifers—trees with needlelike leaves, things are the opposite.”以及“palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type.”可知，叶片细长坚硬的树（如针叶树、棕榈树）更容易被点燃。故选A。 【核心词汇和短语】 wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火 moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/n. 水分，湿气 fuel /ˈfjuːəl/n. 燃料；可燃物 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/n. 结构 deciduous /dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/adj. 落叶的 conifer /ˈkɒnɪfə(r)/n. 针叶树 palm /pɑːm/n. 棕榈 spread /spred/v. 蔓延；传播 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁，破坏 endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 危及，使遭受危险 unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 不寻常的 dry /draɪ/adj. 干燥的 proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/adj. 适当的，恰当的 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/adv. 迅速地 especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/adv. 尤其，特别 matter /ˈmætə(r)/v. 重要，有关系 deciduous tree 落叶树 palm tree 棕榈树 remain standing 依然挺立 burn out 烧毁 catch fire 着火 advise against doing 建议不要做…… When people think of… 当人们想到…… come up 被想到，出现 It’s all about… 这完全与…… 有关 To be clear 确切地说 In addition 此外 be likely to do 可能做某事 be the opposite 情况相反 based on the research 根据研究 【长难句分析】 1.If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. 句式结构：条件状语从句（If...）+ 时间对比状语从句（while...）+ 主句（you might wonder...）+ 宾语从句（if...） 分析：if 引导条件状语从句，while 表示对比 “而”；wonder 后接 if 引导的宾语从句；burning 作宾语补足语。 译文：如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是不是发生了什么不寻常的事。 2.As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. 句式结构：时间状语从句（As...）+ 主句（people noticed...） 分析：as 引导时间状语从句，意为 “随着”；standing next to... 作后置定语，修饰 trees；burned-out 意为 “被烧毁的”。 译文：随着火灾照片在网上传播，人们注意到树木矗立在被烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边。 3. Deciduous trees, for example, are hard to burn because their leaves include more water. 句式结构：主句（Deciduous trees... are hard to burn）+ 原因状语从句（because...） 分析：because 引导原因状语从句，说明理由；for example 作插入语。 译文：例如，落叶树很难燃烧，因为它们的叶子含水量更高。 实战演练 Passage 1 The Fruit Is Sweet My mother liked to fill our house with plants. She treasured her little garden and the lives she created with tiny seeds (种子). I remember the happiness 1 her face when she showed me what had grown. One day in high school, I passed through a gardening store, hoping to find something that I could use for my art piece. I had no luck finding one, so I decided to take bags of 2 seeds home instead. I had never planted anything in my life. For some reason, these colorful seed packets attracted me. I 3 many bags: roses, morning glories, lilies and even some moon flowers. When I got home, my mother told me seriously that, if I was going to plant these flowers, it would have to be on my own. Not discouraged, I planted the different seeds in different pots. Every day, I 4 them, hoping that the next day a little green head would spurt (冒出) to say “Hello.” But each day, I became 5 when I saw that my flowers hadn’t grown. After about a week, when I was ready to 6 on them, my mom said to me, “You need patience (耐心).” I did wait. One sunny afternoon, I came home from school. Walking up to the house, I took a quick look at the pots, really not 7 to see that anything had grown. To my surprise, there was a long green stem (茎) in one of the planted pots. A big 8 lit up my face. The morning glory vine suddenly spurted while I was at school. In the past few years, I’ve learned that mothers are usually 9 . My mother taught me well, even though she really didn’t have to use much effort. I learn to treasure those little lives that I create. She taught me to 10 . I believe that patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 1．A．in B．on C．behind D．between 2．A．flower B．vegetable C．tree D．fruit 3．A．borrowed B．bought C．lost D．wasted 4．A．fixed B．moved C．cleaned D．watered 5．A．certain B．excited C．unhappy D．weak 6．A．give up B．give out C．give away D．give in 7．A．expecting B．agreeing C．continuing D．deciding 8．A．sign B．smile C．stress D．fear 9．A．serious B．strict C．fair D．right 10．A．offer B．try C．wait D．share 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述作者通过种植花卉的经历，在母亲教导下领悟耐心的价值。从最初种植失败到最终成功培育牵牛花，作者逐渐理解母亲关于耐心的教诲，并认识到虽然等待过程苦涩，但收获的果实是甜美的。 1．句意：我记得当她向我展示那些生长出来的东西时，她脸上洋溢着的喜悦之情。 in在……里；on在……上；behind在……后；between在……中间。根据“the happiness … her face”可知，此处应指脸上的喜悦之情。故选B。 2．句意：我找了很久都没找到合适的，于是就决定把几袋花种带回家。 flower花；vegetable蔬菜；tree树；fruit水果。根据“I … many bags: roses, morning glories, lilies and even some moon flowers.”可知，此处指的是花种。故选A。 3．句意：我买了好多袋：有玫瑰、牵牛花、百合花，甚至还有一些月光花。 borrowed借；bought买；lost失去；wasted浪费。根据上文“I passed through a gardening store”可知，在商店里应该是买花种。故选B。 4．句意：每天，我都会给它们浇水，希望第二天会有一个绿色的小脑袋冒出来说“你好。” fixed修理；moved移动；cleaned清理；watered浇水。根据“hoping that the next day a little green head would spurt (冒出) to say ‘Hello.’ ”结合常识可知，要浇水植物才会冒出来。故选D。 5．句意：但每天看到我的花没有生长出来时，我都会感到很不开心。 certain确定的；excited兴奋的；unhappy不开心的；weak虚弱的。根据“when I saw that my flowers hadn’t grown”可知，看到花没有长出来应该是不开心。故选C。 6．句意：大约一周后，当我打算放弃对他们的期望时，妈妈对我说：“你需要有耐心。” give up放弃；give out分发；give away赠送；give in屈服。根据“I became … when I saw that my flowers hadn’t grown.”结合语境可知，花迟迟没有长出来应该是准备放弃。故选A。 7．句意：走到家门口时，我快速看了一眼那些花盆，并不期待会长出来任何东西。 expecting期盼；agreeing同意；continuing继续；deciding决定。根据“I took a quick look at the pots, really not … to see that anything had grown”结合上文可知，花种迟迟没有长出来 ，因此此处应表示作者并不是期待会长出来什么东西。故选A。 8．句意：我脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容。 sign标志；smile微笑；stress压力；fear恐惧。根据“To my surprise, there was a long green stem (茎) in one of the planted pots.”可知，看到花种长出来了应该是绽放出微笑。故选B。 9．句意：在过去几年里，我逐渐明白母亲们通常都是对的。 serious严肃的；strict严厉的；fair公平的；right正确的。根据“You need patience (耐心).”可知，母亲告诉自己要耐心，结果等待之后，花种真的长出来了，因此说明母亲是对的。故选D。 10．句意：她教会我要等待。 offer提供；try尝试；wait等待；share分享。根据“You need patience (耐心).”以及“I did wait.”可知，母亲教会自己的是等待。故选C。 Passage 2 The Green Miracle of Saihanba Long ago, Saihanba was a beautiful forest with many birds and animals. But in the late Qing Dynasty, people cut down too many trees. Years later, the forest disappeared, and the area became a barren desert. Strong sandstorms often hit Beijing, which is not far away. In 1962, the Chinese government decided to change this. A group of foresters came to Saihanba. Life was very hard there. The temperature could drop to -40°C in winter. There was no house to live in and little food to eat. However, these foresters did not give up. They planted trees year after year. Many trees died in the beginning, but they kept trying. ▲ First, they found the right kind of trees that could survive in the cold and dry soil. Second, they developed new planting methods. After nearly 60 years of hard work, the miracle happened. Today, Saihanba is once again a huge forest. It is now known as the “Green Pearl” of North China. The change brings many benefits. The forest stops sandstorms from reaching Beijing. It also provides clean water and fresh air for millions of people. Many rare animals and birds have returned to their home. However, protecting the forest is still a long job. The foresters say, “Planting trees is easy, but keeping them alive is hard.” They continue to watch over the forest every day. They use technology to prevent fires and diseases. People all over the world admire the spirit of the Saihanba foresters. It shows that humans and nature can live together in harmony if we work hard and never give up. 1．What happened to Saihanba in the late Qing Dynasty? A．It became a famous tourist spot. B．It turned into a barren desert. C．It was flooded by heavy rain. D．It became a large city. 2．Which sentence can be put in   ▲ ? A．Why did they fail at first? B．How did they succeed? C．When did they start planting? D．Where did they get the seeds? 3．What is the main benefit of the forest today? A．It produces a lot of wood for sale. B．It stops sandstorms and provides clean resources. C．It attracts many foreign visitors only. D．It makes the weather hotter in winter. 4．What does the underlined word “harmony” mean in the last paragraph? A．Conflict. B．Competition. C．Peaceful coexistence. D．Separation. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to plant trees in cold weather. B．The history of Beijing’s weather. C．The transformation of Saihanba from desert to forest and its importance. D．The difficulties foresters face in their daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了塞罕坝从美丽森林变为荒漠，又经过几代林场工人近60年的不懈努力，重新变回“绿色明珠”的奇迹，并强调了这片森林的重要作用以及保护工作的长期性。 1．根据文章第一段“But in the late Qing Dynasty, people cut down too many trees. Years later, the forest disappeared, and the area became a barren desert.”可知，在清朝晚期，由于树木被砍伐，塞罕坝最终变成了一片荒芜的沙漠。 2．根据文章第三段“First, they found the right kind of trees...Second, they developed new planting methods. After nearly 60 years of hard work, the miracle happened.”可知，该段落主要讲述了林场工人们通过正确的方法和坚持最终取得了成功。因此，段落开头需要一个承上启下的问句来引出他们成功的方法，即“他们是如何成功的？”。 3．根据文章第四段“The forest stops sandstorms from reaching Beijing. It also provides clean water and fresh air for millions of people.”可知，如今这片森林的主要好处是阻挡了风沙，并为数百万人提供了清洁的水源和空气。 4．根据文章最后一段“It shows that humans and nature can live together in harmony if we work hard and never give up.”可知，如果人们努力且不放弃，人类和自然是能够和谐共存的。因此，“harmony”在此处意为“和谐共处”，与Peaceful coexistence意思相符。 5．文章围绕塞罕坝从森林变为沙漠，再经过几代人的努力变回森林的转变过程，以及这片森林现今的重要作用展开。因此，全文的主旨是塞罕坝从沙漠变回森林的转变及其重要性。 Passage 3 Mangroves (红树林) are special trees that grow in coastal areas. They look like “guardians” of the sea—their long roots not only hold the soil together but also protect coasts from storms and waves. Besides, these forests are home to many animals, such as fish, birds and crabs. However, mangroves are in danger now. Over the past 50 years, about 35% of the world’s mangroves have disappeared. One main reason is human activities: people cut down mangroves to build farms, ports or houses. Another reason is pollution—oil spills and plastic waste damage the water and kill the plants and animals living there. Luckily, more and more countries have realized the importance of mangroves and started to protect them. In China, for example, local governments set up nature reserves to stop people from cutting down the trees. Volunteers also help clean the beaches near mangroves and teach visitors about their role. With these efforts, some mangrove areas are growing again. Mangroves show us how closely humans and nature are connected. To save them is to protect our own home. We should all do our part to keep the balance between humans and nature. 1．What do mangroves’ long roots NOT do? A．Hold the soil together. B．Protect coasts from storms. C．Provide food for fish. D．Create shade for smaller plants. 2．Why have many mangroves disappeared? ① People cut them down for development.② Storms destroy the forests. ③ Pollution harms their living environment. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 3．What does China do to protect mangroves? A．Build more ports near mangroves. B．Let volunteers cut down dead trees. C．Set up nature reserves. D．Stop visitors from entering mangrove areas. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Mangroves only live in China. B．Humans and nature depend on each other. C．All mangroves will disappear soon. D．Plastic waste helps mangroves grow. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the importance of mangroves and ways to protect them. B．To explain how mangroves grow in coastal areas. C．To describe the animals living in mangroves. D．To show the history of mangrove protection. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树林的作用、面临的危险以及各国对红树林的保护措施，强调人与自然紧密相连，保护红树林就是保护人类自己的家园。 1．第一段提到“They look like ‘guardians’ of the sea—their long roots not only hold the soil together but also protect coasts from storms and waves.”，文中并未提及长根为鱼类提供食物，因此选Provide food for fish。 2．第二段指出红树林消失的主要原因：“people cut down mangroves to build farms, ports or houses”以及“pollution—oil spills and plastic waste damage the water and kill the plants and animals”，对应①和③。 3．第三段说明中国的保护措施：“local governments set up nature reserves to stop people from cutting down the trees”，因此选Set up nature reserves。 4．最后一段提到“Mangroves show us how closely humans and nature are connected”，说明人与自然相互依存，因此选Humans and nature depend on each other。 5．本文先介绍红树林的重要作用，再说明其面临的威胁，最后讲述保护措施，因此主旨是介绍红树林的重要性及保护方法，选To introduce the importance of mangroves and ways to protect them。 Passage 4 For millions of years, humans are using natural resources, such as hunting animals for food and using wood to create shelter. As a result, biodiversity (生物多样性) is being lost at a rapid speed and pollution is harming the earth. Now we need to act fast to change the things. However, the present laws are not working. So the Rights of Nature (RoN) program goes further. It aims to give legal rights (法律权利) to wildlife and nature, treating them as persons. Some believe this is useful to reduce humans’ harm to nature. However, some people argue that it’s useless because it can’t be put into real use. So what do you think? Should we give nature legal rights? Group Yes ●After all, humans create these problems. That means it’s our work to fix (修复) it. ●The RoN program can offer a stronger way of dealing with the difficult situation. ●The RoN program places humans in the web of life, with wildlife and nature-equal (平等的) to them, not above. Group No ●As the cleverest beings on Earth, it’s humans’ job to protect it, so nature doesn’t need legal rights. ●A tree can’t talk in a court (法庭) of law. Giving the same rights to nature might sound good but it wouldn’t work in practice. ●It would be far better to perfect present laws than to give nature legal rights. 1．What should humans take action to do according to Paragraph 1? A．increase natural resources. B．Hunt animals for food. C．Create more shelter. D．Change the present situation. 2．Which of the following can best match the aim of the RoN program? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn according to Group No? A．Humans need more legal rights than nature. B．Planting more trees can be more helpful. C．It won’t be practical to give nature legal rights. D．The present laws are perfect enough to help the earth. 4．What opinion do the two groups have in common (共同点)? A．It’s necessary to treat nature as persons. B．Humans are smarter than wildlife and nature. C．It’s humans’ duty to fix and protect our planet. D．Humans have succeeded in solving the problems. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways of protecting biodiversity. B．Opinions on legal rights of nature. C．Effects of many kinds of pollution. D．Causes of environmental problems. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文就是否要赋予自然法律权利进行了探讨，文中主要介绍了两种不同的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“As a result, biodiversity (生物多样性) is being lost at a rapid speed and pollution is harming the earth. Now we need to act fast to change the things.”可知，第一段告诉我们需要采取行动去改变目前过度猎食动物以及破坏地球的现状。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It aims to give legal rights (法律权利) to wildlife and nature, treating them as persons.”可知，RoN项目旨在赋予野生动物和自然以法律权利，将它们视为具有独立法律人格的个体。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据表格中“Giving the same rights to nature might sound good but it wouldn’t work in practice.”可知，反对组认为赋予自然同样的权利在实际操作中行不通。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据表格中“After all, humans create these problems. That means it’s our work to fix (修复) it.”和“As the cleverest beings on Earth, it’s humans’ job to protect it, so nature doesn’t need legal rights.”可知，赞成组和反对组都认为修复并保护地球是人类的责任。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。阅读全文并根据文中表格可知，本文主要介绍了对于“自然的法律权利”的不同观点。故选B。 Passage 5 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使其意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 As we all know, China is the “Kingdom of Bamboo”. 1 There are about 1,200 kinds of bamboo in the world and about 400 kinds are in China. 2 They used bamboo to make many things. In the Shang Dynasty, Chinese people began to use bamboo to make beds, chairs, chopsticks, spoons, baskets and so on. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo. 3 Besides, bamboo shoots (竹笋) could be made into some popular dishes, and they were delicious. It was also easy to find bamboo in Chinese medicine. Today we can still find bamboo products all over China. Bamboo is tall with thick leaves. People like bamboo very much. They often plant it in the yards and in the parks. It can stand the heat of the summer. 4 It is a plant that can grow in poor land. Through the centuries, bamboo has always been a subject of many poems and paintings. People admire it for its purity (纯洁) and elegance (优雅). 5 In fact, bamboo makes Chinese culture rich and colorful. A．They compare bamboo to great people. B．We can see many cute pandas in the zoo. C．And it can also stand the cold of the winter. D．People also used bamboo to make instruments. E．This is because it has the largest number of bamboo species in the world. F．People in ancient China used bamboo a lot in their daily lives. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国被称为“竹子王国”的原因、竹子在古代中国日常生活中的广泛用途以及竹子在中国文化中象征的高尚品质。 1．根据“China is the ‘Kingdom of Bamboo’.”以及“There are about 1,200 kinds of bamboo in the world and about 400 kinds are in China.”可知，下文具体列举了竹子的种类数量，解释了为什么中国被称为“竹子王国”。选项E“这是因为中国拥有世界上种类最多的竹子。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“They used bamboo to make many things. In the Shang Dynasty…”可知，下文详细叙述了古代中国人利用竹子制作各种物品，They指代上文提到的人群。选项F“中国古代的人们在日常生活中大量使用竹子。”统领下文，符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo.”以及“Besides, bamboo shoots (竹笋) could be made into some popular dishes…”可知，此处是在列举竹子的不同用途，上文提到书写，下文提到食物。选项D“人们也用竹子制作乐器。”补充了另一种用途，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据“It can stand the heat of the summer.”可知，此处在描述竹子的生长习性和顽强的生命力。选项C“它也能经受住冬天的寒冷。”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“People admire it for its purity (纯洁) and elegance (优雅).”可知，此处讨论的是竹子在文化和精神层面的象征意义。选项A“他们把竹子比作伟大的人。”符合语境。故选A。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成下面小题。 Plants and animals are living things. All living things need food for energy. Without a way to get energy, they would die. Plants and animals get their food in different ways. A plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food for itself. Without the sun or carbon dioxide, small plants would not be able to grow into bigger plants. If you put a seed in the ground and give it water and energy from the sun, it will grow. It will grow into good food for other living things, mainly animals. Some animals, such as cows and pandas, eat plants. Some animals eat other animals. We call these animals carnivores. Still, plants feed all animals! How? Think of a tiger. The tiger eats animals that eat plants. Without plants, the tiger would have nothing to eat. 1．What are living things? 2．What do all living things need food for? 3．How does a plant make food for itself? 4．What do animals eat? 5．What do you think of plants? Why? 【答案】1．Plants and animals. 2．Energy. 3．A plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food. 4．Some eat plants, some eat other animals. 5．Plants are very important because they provide food for all animals. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了植物和动物作为生物如何获取能量以及它们在食物链中的关系。 1．根据“Plants and animals are living things.”可知，植物和动物是生物。故填Plants and animals. 2．根据“All living things need food for energy.”可知，所有生物都需要食物来获取能量。故填Energy. 3．根据“A plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food for itself.”可知，植物利用阳光中的能量为自己制造食物。故填A plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food. 4．根据“Some animals, such as cows and pandas, eat plants. Some animals eat other animals.”可知，一些动物吃植物，另一些动物吃其他动物。故填Some eat plants, some eat other animals. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为Plants are very important because they provide food for all animals. $Unit 3 Trees and us树木与我们（生态与环保） 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文 阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 249 介绍猴面包树的特点、习性与“生命之树”由来，说明其在干旱地区的用途和对人类的重要性。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 341 分析洛杉矶野火中部分树木未被烧毁的原因，指出棕榈树的火灾隐患并给出消防建议。 实战 演练 Passage1 完形填空 记叙文 328 作者首次种花遇挫想放弃，因母亲提醒坚持后牵牛花发芽，由此领悟耐心的意义。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 272 塞罕坝从森林变荒漠，经几代林场工人近60年努力重现绿色，其森林意义重大，保护工作任重道远。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 192 介绍红树林的作用、生存危机和各国保护措施，强调保护红树林就是保护人类家园。 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 232 探讨是否赋予自然法律权利，介绍了相关的两种不同观点。 Passage5 六选五 说明文 242 介绍中国被称作 “竹子王国” 的原因，以及竹子的用途、生长特性和文化意义。 Passage6 阅读问答 说明文 137 说明动植物的食性特点，阐释植物靠阳光造食物、所有动物最终都以植物为食的食物链关系。 Passage 1时文阅读 Long ago, when an old man first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. Then the man pulled the tree out and planted it upside down (颠倒地) to make sure it stayed in one place. What’s the tree? It’s the baobab tree, also called monkey bread tree, bottle tree or others. The baobab tree is a strange looking tree that grows in Africa and Australia. Just like its name “Bottle Tree”, it looks like a large bottle. Some grow as tall as a 16- floor building. During the dry season, these trees are standing there without leaves, and look like trunks sticking up in the air. But when the rainy season comes, leaves appear and then flowers come out. Later, the flowers can turn into (变成) fruit. Baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live longer than 1,000 years old. In the dry land, the baobab can save and hold 1, 000 gallons (加仑) of water. Thirsty people can drink the water stored in the tree. The fruit, monkey bread, is good to eat. Baobab leaves are a kind of medicine. People can use the bark (树皮) to make paper or cloth. When a baobab gets old, its trunk becomes empty (空的) . An old tree can hold many people. The local people often build their houses inside these trunks. It is such a helpful tree that some people could hardly live without it. 很久很久以前，一位老人第一次在花园里种树时，那棵树充满生机，总在 “移动”。于是老人把树拔了出来，颠倒栽种，确保它能固定在一个地方。这棵树是什么呢？它就是猴面包树，也被称为瓶子树或其他名字。 猴面包树是一种外形奇特的树木，生长在非洲和澳大利亚。正如它的名字 “瓶子树” 所示，它的外形酷似一个巨大的瓶子。有些猴面包树能长到 16 层楼那么高。旱季时，这些树光秃秃的，没有一片叶子，看起来就像一根根突兀矗立在空气中的树干。但雨季一来，树叶便会冒出来，随后绽放花朵。不久后，花朵会结出果实。 猴面包树被称为 “生命之树”，因为它的寿命能超过 1000 年。在干旱的土地上，一棵猴面包树能储存 1000 加仑（约 3785 升）的水分。口渴的人们可以饮用树中储存的水。它的果实 “猴面包” 口感清甜，可供食用；树叶可入药；树皮则能用来造纸或织布。当猴面包树长得年头久了，树干会变得中空。一棵老树的树干能容纳许多人，当地人常常在这些树干里搭建房屋。它是如此实用的一棵树，以至于有些人的生活几乎离不开它。 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By singing a song. B．By asking a question. C．By showing a story. D．By giving an example. 2．Why does the baobab have no leaves in the dry season? A．To grow tall. B．To save water. C．To make fruit. D．To be a bottle. 3．What makes the baobab “the tree of life”? A．It looks like a big bottle. B．It has flowers in rainy seasons. C．It only grows in dry lands. D．It can live to be over 1000 years old. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Look of the Baobab Tree B．A Very Helpful Tree of Life C．The Dry Season in Australia D．A Delicious African Flower 【重难词汇梳理】 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/adv. 颠倒地；倒转地 energy /ˈenədʒi/n. 活力；能量 trunk /trʌŋk/n. 树干；躯干 gallon /ˈɡælən/n. 加仑（容量单位） thirsty /ˈθɜːsti/adj. 口渴的；缺水的 bark /bɑːk/n. 树皮；v. 吠叫 empty /ˈempti/adj. 空的；v. 清空 helpful /ˈhelpfl/adj. 有用的；有帮助的 dry season 旱季 rainy season 雨季 the tree of life 生命之树 be full of 充满…… pull out 拔出；拔掉 come out （花朵）绽放；出现 turn into 变成；转化为 stick up 竖起；突出 save and hold 储存并容纳 be good to eat 口感好；可食用 hardly live without 几乎离不开 build houses inside 在…… 内部建房子 make paper or cloth 造纸或织布 【长难句分析】 1. Long ago, when an old man first planted a tree in the garden, it was full of energy and kept moving. 句式结构：时间状语从句（when...）+ 主句（it...） 分析：when 引导时间状语从句，修饰主句的时间背景 “Long ago”；从句中 “in the garden” 作后置定语，修饰 “planted” 的地点；主句为并列谓语结构（was full of... and kept...），表树的两种状态。 译文：很久很久以前，一位老人第一次在花园里种树时，那棵树充满生机，总在 “移动”。 2. Baobab is called “the tree of life”, because it can live longer than 1,000 years old. 句式结构：主句（Baobab...）+ 原因状语从句（because...） 分析：主句为被动语态（be called + 宾语），表树的别称；because 引导原因状语从句，解释被称为 “生命之树” 的原因；从句中 “longer than 1,000 years old” 为比较级结构，强调树的寿命之长。 译文：猴面包树被称为 “生命之树”，因为它的寿命能超过 1000 年。 3. It is such a helpful tree that some people could hardly live without it. 句式结构：主句（It...）+ 结果状语从句（that...） 分析：主句为 “such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数” 结构，表 “如此…… 的事物”；that 引导结果状语从句，说明树的重要性；从句中 “hardly live without it” 为固定搭配，表 “几乎离不开它”。 译文：它是如此实用的一棵树，以至于有些人的生活几乎离不开它。 Passage 2 When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needlelike (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 当人们想到野火时，首先想到的往往是燃烧的树木。如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是不是发生了什么不寻常的事。 今年 1 月的几周里，大规模野火在洛杉矶蔓延。大火摧毁了大量房屋，许多人丧生。随着火灾照片在网上传播，人们注意到：在被烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边，树木却依然矗立。有些人不相信大火会放过树木。“有人在秘密袭击洛杉矶的房屋吗？” 他们问道。答案很简单：并非如此。洛杉矶大量的照片和视频显示，树木确实会起火燃烧。 但有些树木没被烧毁，这也是事实。科学家表示，对此有一个简单的解释。 这一切都与水分有关。“这很容易理解，” 生物学教授米兰达・哈特说。“树木里含有成千上万升的水分。” 需要说明的是，当火势足够大、温度足够高时，树木确实会燃烧。但如果一棵充满水分的树旁边是非常干燥的东西，干燥的物体会先燃烧，甚至会改变火势的走向。“这样一来，你可以想象，如果树木两边都有足够的‘可燃物’，火就会绕着树烧过去。” 哈特教授补充道。 此外，树种也很重要。某些树种更容易起火。例如，落叶树（每年落叶的树）很难燃烧。这是因为它们的叶子含水量更高。而对于针叶树（长着针状叶子的树），情况则正好相反。 在洛杉矶，棕榈树随处可见，它们已成为这座城市的象征。但研究表明，由于结构和种类的特点，棕榈树特别容易助长火势蔓延。因此，为降低火灾风险，当地消防部门建议不要再多种植棕榈树。如果没有妥善养护，这些树木在野火中会迅速燃烧并蔓延，危及附近的人员和财物。 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．The underlined word “moisture” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．dry condition B．water content C．high heat D．cold temperature 3．新考向  How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ◯a tree full of water   a dry thing fire’s path A．B． C． D． 4．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 【核心词汇和短语】 wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火 moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/n. 水分，湿气 fuel /ˈfjuːəl/n. 燃料；可燃物 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/n. 结构 deciduous /dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/adj. 落叶的 conifer /ˈkɒnɪfə(r)/n. 针叶树 palm /pɑːm/n. 棕榈 spread /spred/v. 蔓延；传播 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁，破坏 endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/v. 危及，使遭受危险 unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 不寻常的 dry /draɪ/adj. 干燥的 proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/adj. 适当的，恰当的 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/adv. 迅速地 especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/adv. 尤其，特别 matter /ˈmætə(r)/v. 重要，有关系 deciduous tree 落叶树 palm tree 棕榈树 remain standing 依然挺立 burn out 烧毁 catch fire 着火 advise against doing 建议不要做…… When people think of… 当人们想到…… come up 被想到，出现 It’s all about… 这完全与…… 有关 To be clear 确切地说 In addition 此外 be likely to do 可能做某事 be the opposite 情况相反 based on the research 根据研究 【长难句分析】 1.If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. 句式结构：条件状语从句（If...）+ 时间对比状语从句（while...）+ 主句（you might wonder...）+ 宾语从句（if...） 分析：if 引导条件状语从句，while 表示对比 “而”；wonder 后接 if 引导的宾语从句；burning 作宾语补足语。 译文：如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是不是发生了什么不寻常的事。 2.As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. 句式结构：时间状语从句（As...）+ 主句（people noticed...） 分析：as 引导时间状语从句，意为 “随着”；standing next to... 作后置定语，修饰 trees；burned-out 意为 “被烧毁的”。 译文：随着火灾照片在网上传播，人们注意到树木矗立在被烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边。 3. Deciduous trees, for example, are hard to burn because their leaves include more water. 句式结构：主句（Deciduous trees... are hard to burn）+ 原因状语从句（because...） 分析：because 引导原因状语从句，说明理由；for example 作插入语。 译文：例如，落叶树很难燃烧，因为它们的叶子含水量更高。 实战演练 Passage 1 The Fruit Is Sweet My mother liked to fill our house with plants. She treasured her little garden and the lives she created with tiny seeds (种子). I remember the happiness 1 her face when she showed me what had grown. One day in high school, I passed through a gardening store, hoping to find something that I could use for my art piece. I had no luck finding one, so I decided to take bags of 2 seeds home instead. I had never planted anything in my life. For some reason, these colorful seed packets attracted me. I 3 many bags: roses, morning glories, lilies and even some moon flowers. When I got home, my mother told me seriously that, if I was going to plant these flowers, it would have to be on my own. Not discouraged, I planted the different seeds in different pots. Every day, I 4 them, hoping that the next day a little green head would spurt (冒出) to say “Hello.” But each day, I became 5 when I saw that my flowers hadn’t grown. After about a week, when I was ready to 6 on them, my mom said to me, “You need patience (耐心).” I did wait. One sunny afternoon, I came home from school. Walking up to the house, I took a quick look at the pots, really not 7 to see that anything had grown. To my surprise, there was a long green stem (茎) in one of the planted pots. A big 8 lit up my face. The morning glory vine suddenly spurted while I was at school. In the past few years, I’ve learned that mothers are usually 9 . My mother taught me well, even though she really didn’t have to use much effort. I learn to treasure those little lives that I create. She taught me to 10 . I believe that patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 1．A．in B．on C．behind D．between 2．A．flower B．vegetable C．tree D．fruit 3．A．borrowed B．bought C．lost D．wasted 4．A．fixed B．moved C．cleaned D．watered 5．A．certain B．excited C．unhappy D．weak 6．A．give up B．give out C．give away D．give in 7．A．expecting B．agreeing C．continuing D．deciding 8．A．sign B．smile C．stress D．fear 9．A．serious B．strict C．fair D．right 10．A．offer B．try C．wait D．share Passage 2 The Green Miracle of Saihanba Long ago, Saihanba was a beautiful forest with many birds and animals. But in the late Qing Dynasty, people cut down too many trees. Years later, the forest disappeared, and the area became a barren desert. Strong sandstorms often hit Beijing, which is not far away. In 1962, the Chinese government decided to change this. A group of foresters came to Saihanba. Life was very hard there. The temperature could drop to -40°C in winter. There was no house to live in and little food to eat. However, these foresters did not give up. They planted trees year after year. Many trees died in the beginning, but they kept trying. ▲ First, they found the right kind of trees that could survive in the cold and dry soil. Second, they developed new planting methods. After nearly 60 years of hard work, the miracle happened. Today, Saihanba is once again a huge forest. It is now known as the “Green Pearl” of North China. The change brings many benefits. The forest stops sandstorms from reaching Beijing. It also provides clean water and fresh air for millions of people. Many rare animals and birds have returned to their home. However, protecting the forest is still a long job. The foresters say, “Planting trees is easy, but keeping them alive is hard.” They continue to watch over the forest every day. They use technology to prevent fires and diseases. People all over the world admire the spirit of the Saihanba foresters. It shows that humans and nature can live together in harmony if we work hard and never give up. 1．What happened to Saihanba in the late Qing Dynasty? A．It became a famous tourist spot. B．It turned into a barren desert. C．It was flooded by heavy rain. D．It became a large city. 2．Which sentence can be put in   ▲ ? A．Why did they fail at first? B．How did they succeed? C．When did they start planting? D．Where did they get the seeds? 3．What is the main benefit of the forest today? A．It produces a lot of wood for sale. B．It stops sandstorms and provides clean resources. C．It attracts many foreign visitors only. D．It makes the weather hotter in winter. 4．What does the underlined word “harmony” mean in the last paragraph? A．Conflict. B．Competition. C．Peaceful coexistence. D．Separation. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to plant trees in cold weather. B．The history of Beijing’s weather. C．The transformation of Saihanba from desert to forest and its importance. D．The difficulties foresters face in their daily life. Passage 3 Mangroves (红树林) are special trees that grow in coastal areas. They look like “guardians” of the sea—their long roots not only hold the soil together but also protect coasts from storms and waves. Besides, these forests are home to many animals, such as fish, birds and crabs. However, mangroves are in danger now. Over the past 50 years, about 35% of the world’s mangroves have disappeared. One main reason is human activities: people cut down mangroves to build farms, ports or houses. Another reason is pollution—oil spills and plastic waste damage the water and kill the plants and animals living there. Luckily, more and more countries have realized the importance of mangroves and started to protect them. In China, for example, local governments set up nature reserves to stop people from cutting down the trees. Volunteers also help clean the beaches near mangroves and teach visitors about their role. With these efforts, some mangrove areas are growing again. Mangroves show us how closely humans and nature are connected. To save them is to protect our own home. We should all do our part to keep the balance between humans and nature. 1．What do mangroves’ long roots NOT do? A．Hold the soil together. B．Protect coasts from storms. C．Provide food for fish. D．Create shade for smaller plants. 2．Why have many mangroves disappeared? ① People cut them down for development.② Storms destroy the forests. ③ Pollution harms their living environment. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 3．What does China do to protect mangroves? A．Build more ports near mangroves. B．Let volunteers cut down dead trees. C．Set up nature reserves. D．Stop visitors from entering mangrove areas. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Mangroves only live in China. B．Humans and nature depend on each other. C．All mangroves will disappear soon. D．Plastic waste helps mangroves grow. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the importance of mangroves and ways to protect them. B．To explain how mangroves grow in coastal areas. C．To describe the animals living in mangroves. D．To show the history of mangrove protection. Passage 4 For millions of years, humans are using natural resources, such as hunting animals for food and using wood to create shelter. As a result, biodiversity (生物多样性) is being lost at a rapid speed and pollution is harming the earth. Now we need to act fast to change the things. However, the present laws are not working. So the Rights of Nature (RoN) program goes further. It aims to give legal rights (法律权利) to wildlife and nature, treating them as persons. Some believe this is useful to reduce humans’ harm to nature. However, some people argue that it’s useless because it can’t be put into real use. So what do you think? Should we give nature legal rights? Group Yes ●After all, humans create these problems. That means it’s our work to fix (修复) it. ●The RoN program can offer a stronger way of dealing with the difficult situation. ●The RoN program places humans in the web of life, with wildlife and nature-equal (平等的) to them, not above. Group No ●As the cleverest beings on Earth, it’s humans’ job to protect it, so nature doesn’t need legal rights. ●A tree can’t talk in a court (法庭) of law. Giving the same rights to nature might sound good but it wouldn’t work in practice. ●It would be far better to perfect present laws than to give nature legal rights. 1．What should humans take action to do according to Paragraph 1? A．increase natural resources. B．Hunt animals for food. C．Create more shelter. D．Change the present situation. 2．Which of the following can best match the aim of the RoN program? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn according to Group No? A．Humans need more legal rights than nature. B．Planting more trees can be more helpful. C．It won’t be practical to give nature legal rights. D．The present laws are perfect enough to help the earth. 4．What opinion do the two groups have in common (共同点)? A．It’s necessary to treat nature as persons. B．Humans are smarter than wildlife and nature. C．It’s humans’ duty to fix and protect our planet. D．Humans have succeeded in solving the problems. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways of protecting biodiversity. B．Opinions on legal rights of nature. C．Effects of many kinds of pollution. D．Causes of environmental problems. Passage 5 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使其意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 As we all know, China is the “Kingdom of Bamboo”. 1 There are about 1,200 kinds of bamboo in the world and about 400 kinds are in China. 2 They used bamboo to make many things. In the Shang Dynasty, Chinese people began to use bamboo to make beds, chairs, chopsticks, spoons, baskets and so on. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo. 3 Besides, bamboo shoots (竹笋) could be made into some popular dishes, and they were delicious. It was also easy to find bamboo in Chinese medicine. Today we can still find bamboo products all over China. Bamboo is tall with thick leaves. People like bamboo very much. They often plant it in the yards and in the parks. It can stand the heat of the summer. 4 It is a plant that can grow in poor land. Through the centuries, bamboo has always been a subject of many poems and paintings. People admire it for its purity (纯洁) and elegance (优雅). 5 In fact, bamboo makes Chinese culture rich and colorful. A．They compare bamboo to great people. B．We can see many cute pandas in the zoo. C．And it can also stand the cold of the winter. D．People also used bamboo to make instruments. E．This is because it has the largest number of bamboo species in the world. F．People in ancient China used bamboo a lot in their daily lives. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成下面小题。 Plants and animals are living things. All living things need food for energy. Without a way to get energy, they would die. Plants and animals get their food in different ways. A plant uses the energy in sunlight to make food for itself. Without the sun or carbon dioxide, small plants would not be able to grow into bigger plants. If you put a seed in the ground and give it water and energy from the sun, it will grow. It will grow into good food for other living things, mainly animals. Some animals, such as cows and pandas, eat plants. Some animals eat other animals. We call these animals carnivores. Still, plants feed all animals! How? Think of a tiger. The tiger eats animals that eat plants. Without plants, the tiger would have nothing to eat. 1．What are living things? 2．What do all living things need food for? 3．How does a plant make food for itself? 4．What do animals eat? 5．What do you think of plants? Why? $