Unit 6 Nature in words 重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 6 Nature in words 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的→ n．星期，一周 2．inspector n．检查员，巡视员→ v．检查，巡视 3．insist v．坚称，坚决认为→ n．坚持 4．secrecy n．保密，秘密状态→ adj.秘密的 5．shaving n．刮胡子→ v．刮胡子 6．faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地→ adj.微弱的；暗淡的 7．redden v．(使)变红→ adj.红色的 8．bend v．变弯曲→ adj.弯曲的 9．innocent adj.天真无邪的→ n．天真无邪；无辜 10．charm n．魅力，魔力→ adj.迷人的 11．gentle adj.轻柔的；温和的→ adv.轻柔地；温和地 12．puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的→ n．谜；不解之谜 v．迷惑；使困惑 → adj.令人迷惑的 13．knowingly adv.故意地→ v．知道→ n．知识 14．thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的→ adv.非常；彻底；完全；仔细地；缜密地 15．elegance n．优美；简洁→ adj.优美的，优雅的 16．passionate adj.具有强烈信念的→ n．强烈情感；激情 一、单句语法填空 1．We welcome anyone (passion) about helping students succeed, and we provide you with resources to help you get started. 2．Therefore, few people can live here, and all new development (ban) within park boundaries. 3． (plan) a book about nature needs careful research on different landscapes. 4．The poet uses metaphors (illustrate) the power of the ocean. 5． (describe) nature vividly is one of the key skills for a writer. 6．Below the mountains the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, making them shine like (diamond) against the rich countryside. 7．The pianist’s performance was full of (elegant), her fingers dancing lightly on the keys. 8．Peking Opera enjoys such a high (repute) among Chinese people that even “Peking Opera Month” has been declared. 9．The library has a large collection of books (relate) to environmental protection. 10．The teacher raised his voice (make) sure that all students could hear him clearly. 11．However, (ban) AI tools from the classroom is a short-sighted response. 12．Aunt Clara, Uncle Sam’s wife, still called Mom, asking (gentle) how his dad was doing. 13．The red shirt (fade) a lot after being washed several times — its color isn’t as bright as before. 14．When I was a high school student, I was faced with the world with (innocent). 15．Songs and (rhyme) can be used to remember many kinds of information. 16．Yelena Morozova took a deep breath as she (bend) to tie her shoes, a simple act made painful by years of back pain. 17．No words can (precise) describe Chinese people’s affection for dumplings, as the food has already become a symbol of home and warmth. 18．After the harvest, the gourd is (thorough) washed and dried until it becomes smooth. 19．Pain acts as a warning system, (alert) us to injuries, illnesses, and potential dangers. 20． (shave) is a daily routine for most adult men, but some prefer to grow beards. 二、单词拼写 21．On October 31, 2025, the Shenzhou 21 flight (发射) three crew members to the Tiangong orbital outpost.   22．The little dog began to (震颤) with fear as it rained heavily. 23．Wang didn’t show any displeasure but only gave a (adj. 温和的；温柔的) response. 24．All the wires (弯曲) into different shapes are going to be used for the art project. 25．The old (寓言) continues to be spread throughout the country. 26．He gave me a (迷惑的) look, not understanding what I meant. 27．The (前景，展望) for peace in the country’s eight-year civil war are becoming brighter. 28．All of us joined happily in the (合唱曲). 29．In every harvest season, a lot of potatoes were (堆放) up like mountains. 30．Most roses will begin to (开花) from late May. 三、完成句子 31．她通常被认为是我们这个时代最伟大的艺术家之一。 She usually to be one of our best artists. 32．她到达时受到了几十名学生的欢迎，其中大多数是非洲裔美国人。 When she arrived she was greeted by students, most of whom were African Americans. 33．几十年来，他在院子里和房子周围种了12棵树。 Over the decades, he has planted trees in his yard and around his house. 34．对自身能力有透彻的认识有助于我们维持学习和兴趣爱好的平衡。 of own abilities can help us between study and interests. 35．因为他的劳动得到了回报，他热泪盈眶。 as his hard work paid off. 36．我们还是会照常去学校，除非下大雪。 , we will go to school as usual. 37．如果你有问题，你可以随时给我打电话。 If you have any questions, . 38．多数大学坚持在录取新生之前进行面试。 Most universities insist that an interview . 39． suggested he was puzzled over . 他脸上困惑的表情表明他对这个令人困惑的问题迷惑不解。 40．所谓鞠躬，我们指的是“低头或俯身，以此作为尊敬或羞愧的一种表示”。 By , we mean “ our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”. 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)。 Nature has provided us 41 many kinds of resources. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from Nature. The food we eat, the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the concrete and bricks to build our houses, the materials to make bikes we ride, etc, all come 42 (origin) from Nature. People have been making use of these natural supplies for 43 (thousand) of years. For example, many trees are being cut and fresh water is being wasted, 44 has caused harm to the environment. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we insist on continuing to do this knowingly, life on earth cannot survive. With the 45 (develop) of technology and the increase of the population, the amount and range of materials taken by people will have increased. It 46 (estimate) that this trend will continue in the years 47 (come) round. However, charming natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some resources are already nearly used up. For example, we can see the end of the 48 (world) fuel being already within sight. Such an essential daily item as water is in short supply in many parts of the world. We can no 49 (long) thoughtlessly use the resources provided by Nature. We must learn to conserve 50 remains. Laws should also be made to ban people from destroying too many natural resources. 语法填空 Every year, weather forecasts welcome the arrival of winter on the 51 (one)of Dec. —while others insist the winter begins a few weeks later with the solstice(至日). Seasons 52 (define)in two ways: astronomical seasons and meteorological(气象的)seasons. Both divide a year into four seasons. The start of each astronomical season is marked by either an equinox(二分时刻) 53 a solstice. On an equinox, half of the planet is light while 54 other half is dark. As the new season progresses, the sun’s position continues to change, the days will get 55 (progressive)lighter or darker until the arrival of the solstice. Solstices mark the brightest and darkest days of the year and the 56 (begin)of astronomical summer and winter. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it is brighter and 57 (feel)like summer—while, the Southern Hemisphere, falls into a dark winter. But astronomical seasons start on lightly 58 (difference)days and times each year—making it difficult 59 (keep)the climate statistics used in agriculture, commerce, and more. That’s why weather forecasters and climatologists turned 60 meteorological seasons instead. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Nature in words 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的→week n．星期，一周 2．inspector n．检查员，巡视员→inspect v．检查，巡视 3．insist v．坚称，坚决认为→insistence n．坚持 4．secrecy n．保密，秘密状态→secret adj.秘密的 5．shaving n．刮胡子→shave v．刮胡子 6．faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地→faint adj.微弱的；暗淡的 7．redden v．(使)变红→red adj.红色的 8．bend v．变弯曲→bent adj.弯曲的 9．innocent adj.天真无邪的→innocence n．天真无邪；无辜 10．charm n．魅力，魔力→charming adj.迷人的 11．gentle adj.轻柔的；温和的→gently adv.轻柔地；温和地 12．puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的→puzzle n．谜；不解之谜 v．迷惑；使困惑 →puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 13．knowingly adv.故意地→know v．知道→knowledge n．知识 14．thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的→thoroughly adv.非常；彻底；完全；仔细地；缜密地 15．elegance n．优美；简洁→elegant adj.优美的，优雅的 16．passionate adj.具有强烈信念的→passion n．强烈情感；激情 一、单句语法填空 1．We welcome anyone (passion) about helping students succeed, and we provide you with resources to help you get started. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们欢迎任何热衷于帮助学生取得成功的人，并且我们会为你提供帮助你起步的资源。空处需填入形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词anyone，名词passion的形容词形式是passionate，意为“热衷的、热诚的”。故填passionate。 2．Therefore, few people can live here, and all new development (ban) within park boundaries. 【答案】is banned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：因此，几乎没有人能住在这里，公园边界内禁止所有新的开发项目。本空为and后句子的谓语；结合前文can live可知描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；主语all new development与ban“禁止”为被动关系，用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是development，be动词需用is。故填is banned。 3． (plan) a book about nature needs careful research on different landscapes. 【答案】Planning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：计划撰写一本关于自然的书籍需要对不同的自然景观进行仔细的研究。空格处作句子主语，用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Planning。 4．The poet uses metaphors (illustrate) the power of the ocean. 【答案】to illustrate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位诗人运用隐喻来阐释海洋的力量。use sth to do sth为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，该结构中不定式作目的状语。故填to illustrate。 5． (describe) nature vividly is one of the key skills for a writer. 【答案】Describing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：生动地描绘自然景色是作家必备的关键技能之一。空格处作句子主语，用动名词形式。故填Describing。 6．Below the mountains the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, making them shine like (diamond) against the rich countryside. 【答案】diamonds 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：山脚下，阳光映照在众多湖泊上，使它们在景色优美的乡村映衬下像钻石一样闪闪发光。like是介词，后接名词作宾语，结合语境，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，diamond的复数形式是diamonds。故填diamonds。 7．The pianist’s performance was full of (elegant), her fingers dancing lightly on the keys. 【答案】elegance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位钢琴家的演奏充满了优雅之感，她的手指在琴键上轻快地跳跃。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语，形容词elegant的名词形式是elegance，意为“优雅；典雅”，是不可数名词。故填elegance。 8．Peking Opera enjoys such a high (repute) among Chinese people that even “Peking Opera Month” has been declared. 【答案】reputation 【详解】考查名词。句意：京剧在中国人心中享有极高的声誉，甚至还设立了“京剧月”。enjoy a high reputation为固定搭配，意为“享有很高的声誉”，用名词reputation“声誉”作宾语。故填reputation。 9．The library has a large collection of books (relate) to environmental protection. 【答案】related 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个图书馆有大量与环境保护相关的书籍。本空修饰名词books，作后置定语，用形容词related意为“相关的”。故填related。 10．The teacher raised his voice (make) sure that all students could hear him clearly. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师提高了嗓门，以确保所有学生都能清楚地听到他说话。空格处作目的状语，用动词不定式形式，make sure意为“确保”。故填to make。 11．However, (ban) AI tools from the classroom is a short-sighted response. 【答案】banning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，禁止在课堂上使用人工智能工具是一种短视的反应。本空在句中作主语，用ban“禁止”的动名词banning。故填banning。 12．Aunt Clara, Uncle Sam’s wife, still called Mom, asking (gentle) how his dad was doing. 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：山姆叔叔的妻子克拉拉婶婶依然给妈妈打电话，温柔地询问他爸爸的近况。空处需填入副词作状语，修饰动词asking，形容词gentle的副词形式是gently意为“温柔地”符合句意。故填gently。 13．The red shirt (fade) a lot after being washed several times — its color isn’t as bright as before. 【答案】has faded 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这件红衬衫洗了几次后褪色很严重 —— 颜色不如以前鲜亮了。设空处为谓语动词，根据句意可知是发生在过去的动作，且这个动作对现在造成了的影响，应用现在完成时，主语The red shirt是单数，助动词用has。故填has faded。 14．When I was a high school student, I was faced with the world with (innocent). 【答案】innocence 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我还是一名高中生时，我以天真的态度面对这个世界。空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语，innocent的名词形式为innocence，意为“天真，纯真”，为不可数名词。故填innocence。 15．Songs and (rhyme) can be used to remember many kinds of information. 【答案】rhymes 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：歌曲和押韵诗可以用来记忆各类信息。此处与Songs并列作主语，需将动词rhyme转换为名词rhymes，表泛指。故填rhymes。 16．Yelena Morozova took a deep breath as she (bend) to tie her shoes, a simple act made painful by years of back pain. 【答案】bent 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：叶莲娜·莫罗佐娃深吸了一口气，弯腰去系鞋带，这个简单的动作因多年的背痛而变得痛苦。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，根据主句中的took可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，bend的过去式是bent。故填bent。 17．No words can (precise) describe Chinese people’s affection for dumplings, as the food has already become a symbol of home and warmth. 【答案】precisely 【详解】考查副词。句意：任何言语都无法确切地表达中国人对饺子的喜爱之情，因为这种食物已经成为了家庭和温暖的象征。空格处修饰下文的动词describe，应该用副词precisely“准确地，精确地”作状语。故填precisely。 18．After the harvest, the gourd is (thorough) washed and dried until it becomes smooth. 【答案】thoroughly 【详解】考查副词。句意：收获之后，葫芦会被彻底清洗并晾干，直至表面变得光滑。修饰动词wash用副词thoroughly，作状语。故填thoroughly。 19．Pain acts as a warning system, (alert) us to injuries, illnesses, and potential dangers. 【答案】alerting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：疼痛就像一个警报系统，提醒我们注意受伤、疾病和潜在的危险。已有谓语动词acts，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，pain和alert为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式alerting作状语。故填alerting。 20． (shave) is a daily routine for most adult men, but some prefer to grow beards. 【答案】Shaving 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：刮胡子是大多数成年男性的日常，但有些人更喜欢留胡子。此处需用动名词作主语，将动词shave转换为动名词shaving，且句首首字母需大写。故填Shaving。 二、单词拼写 21．On October 31, 2025, the Shenzhou 21 flight (发射) three crew members to the Tiangong orbital outpost.   【答案】launched 【详解】考查动词。句意：2025年10月31日，神舟21号飞船将三名宇航员发射至天宫轨道前哨站。“发射”在句中作谓语，用动词launch，根据时间状语“On October 31, 2025”可知，句子讲述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态。故填launched。 22．The little dog began to (震颤) with fear as it rained heavily. 【答案】tremble/shake 【详解】考查动词。句意：雨下得很大，小狗吓得开始震颤。根据汉语提示“震颤”可知，此处可用动词tremble或shake，begin to后接动词原形。故填tremble/shake。 23．Wang didn’t show any displeasure but only gave a (adj. 温和的；温柔的) response. 【答案】gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：Wang没有表现出任何不悦，只是给出了一个温和的回应。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词gentle，修饰名词response，作定语。故填gentle。 24．All the wires (弯曲) into different shapes are going to be used for the art project. 【答案】bent 【详解】考查动词。句意：所有被弯成不同形状的电线都将被用于这个艺术项目。根据汉语提示可知用动词bend，且与wires构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填bent。 25．The old (寓言) continues to be spread throughout the country. 【答案】fable 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个古老的寓言继续在全国流传。根据汉语提示可知，“寓言”fable，是可数名词，由continues可知，此处应用名词单数形式作主语。故填fable。 26．He gave me a (迷惑的) look, not understanding what I meant. 【答案】puzzled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他给了我一个迷惑的表情，不明白我的意思。根据汉语提示“迷惑的”，以及上文a和下文look可知，此处应填形容词作定语；look（表情）虽为事物，但此处强调“他因不明白我的意思而呈现出的困惑状态”，修饰与人相关的表情时常用-ed结尾形容词。故填puzzled。 27．The (前景，展望) for peace in the country’s eight-year civil war are becoming brighter. 【答案】prospects 【详解】考查名词。句意：该国八年内战的和平前景正变得更加光明。定冠词The后接名词形式，在句中作主语。名词“前景，展望”英文为prospect。根据谓语动词are可知，用名词的复数形式。故填prospects。 28．All of us joined happily in the (合唱曲). 【答案】chorus 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们所有人都愉快地加入到合唱曲中。根据汉语提示 “合唱曲” 以及空前的定冠词 the 可知，此处应填名词chorus，作介词in的宾语。故填chorus。 29．In every harvest season, a lot of potatoes were (堆放) up like mountains. 【答案】piled 【详解】考查动词和被动语态。句意：在每个收获的季节，都有很多土豆堆积如山。根据汉语提示“堆放”可知，空格处涉及单词“pile”，意为“堆放”，动词词性，“potatoes”和“pile”为被动关系，故句子为一般过去时的被动语态，空格处应用“pile”的过去分词“piled”。故填piled。 30．Most roses will begin to (开花) from late May. 【答案】bloom 【详解】考查动词。 句意：大多数玫瑰会在五月底开始开花。 “开花”为bloom，不定to后接动词原形。故填bloom。 三、完成句子 31．她通常被认为是我们这个时代最伟大的艺术家之一。 She usually to be one of our best artists. 【答案】 is acknowledged 【详解】考查动词。表示“认为”使用动词acknowledge，本句在陈述目前事实，所以时态用一般现在时，主语she和动词acknowledge之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语she是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填①is；②acknowledged。 32．她到达时受到了几十名学生的欢迎，其中大多数是非洲裔美国人。 When she arrived she was greeted by students, most of whom were African Americans. 【答案】 dozens of 【详解】考查固定搭配。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“几十名”，可用固定搭配dozens of，故填①dozens；②of。 33．几十年来，他在院子里和房子周围种了12棵树。 Over the decades, he has planted trees in his yard and around his house. 【答案】 a dozen 【详解】考查数量短语。空处表示“十二”，a dozen是固定短语，意为“一打，十二个”，修饰可数名词复数trees，符合语境。故填a dozen。 34．对自身能力有透彻的认识有助于我们维持学习和兴趣爱好的平衡。 of own abilities can help us between study and interests. 【答案】 Having a thorough understanding keep a balance 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。“对……有透彻的认识”为have a thorough understanding of，空处作句子主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写；“维持……的平衡”为keep a balance of，help sb. do sth.为固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形。故填①Having a thorough understanding，②keep a balance。 35．因为他的劳动得到了回报，他热泪盈眶。 as his hard work paid off. 【答案】His eyes were filled with tears 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，空处应填“他热泪盈眶”，可以转述为“他的眼睛充满眼泪”；“他的眼睛”为his eyes，“充满眼泪”应用动词短语be filled with tears表示，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语His eyes为复数，be动词应用were。故填His eyes were filled with tears。 36．我们还是会照常去学校，除非下大雪。 , we will go to school as usual. 【答案】Unless it snows heavily 【详解】考查条件状语从句。空处表示“除非下大雪”，可用连词unless引导的状语从句表达；结合句子和句意，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时，故从句译为Unless it snows heavily。故填Unless it snows heavily。 37．如果你有问题，你可以随时给我打电话。 If you have any questions, . 【答案】you can call me (at) any moment 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“你可以随时给我打电话”；句子提出建议，时态为一般现在时；“你可以打电话”翻译为“you can call me”，在句中作主句，其中“打电话”call在情态动词can之后有动词原形；“随时”翻译为固定短语“at any moment”，在句中作时间状语，其中介词at可以省略。由此得到句子“you can call me (at) any moment”。故填you can call me(at) any moment。   38．多数大学坚持在录取新生之前进行面试。 Most universities insist that an interview . 【答案】(should) be given before they admit a student 【详解】考查宾语从句、虚拟语气用法和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“insist”表示 “坚持要求”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”；“进行(面试)”可表达为 “be given”（被动语态）；“录取新生”用动词短语“admit a student”，“they”指代 “most universities”。故填(should) be given before they admit a student。 39． suggested he was puzzled over . 他脸上困惑的表情表明他对这个令人困惑的问题迷惑不解。 【答案】 The puzzled look on his face the puzzling problem 【详解】考查形容词。根据提示可知，空处需要补全“他脸上困惑的表情”，以及“令人困惑的问题迷惑不解”。“表情”可用名词look，在句中作主语，on his face为介词短语作定语修饰look，意为“他脸上的表情”。“困惑的”用形容词puzzled，通常用来描述人或与人相关的表情、眼神等，强调的是人内心的感受，该形容词作定语，“问题”用名词problem，作介词的宾语，“令人困惑的”可用形容词puzzling，通常用来描述事物、情况或问题等，强调的是这些事物本身具有让人困惑的特性，该形容词作定语修饰名词problem。故填①The puzzled look on his face②the puzzling problem。 40．所谓鞠躬，我们指的是“低头或俯身，以此作为尊敬或羞愧的一种表示”。 By , we mean “ our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”. 【答案】 bowing bending/lowering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“鞠躬”用bow，第一空使用动名词作宾语即bowing；第二空中表示“指的是，意味着”用mean doing sth，表示“低头”用bend/lower one’s head，此处使用动名词作宾语。故答案为bowing；bending/lowering。 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)。 Nature has provided us 41 many kinds of resources. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from Nature. The food we eat, the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the concrete and bricks to build our houses, the materials to make bikes we ride, etc, all come 42 (origin) from Nature. People have been making use of these natural supplies for 43 (thousand) of years. For example, many trees are being cut and fresh water is being wasted, 44 has caused harm to the environment. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we insist on continuing to do this knowingly, life on earth cannot survive. With the 45 (develop) of technology and the increase of the population, the amount and range of materials taken by people will have increased. It 46 (estimate) that this trend will continue in the years 47 (come) round. However, charming natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some resources are already nearly used up. For example, we can see the end of the 48 (world) fuel being already within sight. Such an essential daily item as water is in short supply in many parts of the world. We can no 49 (long) thoughtlessly use the resources provided by Nature. We must learn to conserve 50 remains. Laws should also be made to ban people from destroying too many natural resources. 【答案】 41．with 42．originally 43．thousands 44．which 45．development 46．is estimated 47．to come 48．world’s 49．longer 50．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕人类对自然资源的依赖、过度消耗引发的环境问题展开，强调自然资源并非取之不尽，呼吁人们节约资源并通过立法保护资源。 41．考查介词。句意：大自然为我们提供了多种资源。provide sb. with sth.是固定用法，意为“给某人提供某物”。故填with。 42．考查副词。句意：我们吃的食物、喝的水、穿的衣服、建造房屋用的混凝土和砖块、制造自行车用的材料等等，本质上都来源于大自然。空处修饰动词come，应用副词形式originally，作状语。故填originally。 43．考查固定搭配。句意：人类利用这些自然资源已经有数千年的历史了。thousands of是固定用法，意为“成千上万的”。故填thousands。 44．考查定语从句。句意：例如，许多树木被砍伐，淡水被浪费，这对环境造成了危害。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代前面整个句子，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 45．考查名词。句意：随着科技的发展和人口的增长，人类获取的物资数量和范围也会随之增加。空处作介词With的宾语，应用名词形式development。故填development。 46．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据估计，这种趋势在未来几年还将持续。此处是陈述事实，应用一般现在时，estimate和主语It之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语表示单数意义，be动词用is。故填is estimated。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处是非谓语动词，作名词years的后置定语，表示将来，应用动词不定式形式。故填to come。 48．考查名词所有格。句意：例如，全球燃料即将耗尽的日子已近在眼前。空格后为名词fuel，需用名词所有格表示所属关系，world’s意为“世界的”。故填world’s。 49．考查固定短语。句意：我们不能再随心所欲地使用大自然提供的资源了。no longer是固定短语，意为“不再”。故填longer。 50．考查宾语从句。句意：我们必须学会保护剩余的资源。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“剩下的东西”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 语法填空 Every year, weather forecasts welcome the arrival of winter on the 51 (one)of Dec. —while others insist the winter begins a few weeks later with the solstice(至日). Seasons 52 (define)in two ways: astronomical seasons and meteorological(气象的)seasons. Both divide a year into four seasons. The start of each astronomical season is marked by either an equinox(二分时刻) 53 a solstice. On an equinox, half of the planet is light while 54 other half is dark. As the new season progresses, the sun’s position continues to change, the days will get 55 (progressive)lighter or darker until the arrival of the solstice. Solstices mark the brightest and darkest days of the year and the 56 (begin)of astronomical summer and winter. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it is brighter and 57 (feel)like summer—while, the Southern Hemisphere, falls into a dark winter. But astronomical seasons start on lightly 58 (difference)days and times each year—making it difficult 59 (keep)the climate statistics used in agriculture, commerce, and more. That’s why weather forecasters and climatologists turned 60 meteorological seasons instead. 【答案】 51．first 52．are defined 53．or 54．the 55．progressively 56．beginning 57．feels 58．different 59．to keep 60．to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了季节划分的两种方式：天文季节和气象季节。 51．考查数词。句意：每年，天气预报在12月1日迎接冬天的到来——而另一些人则坚持认为冬天在几周后的冬至开始。表示“12月1日”应用序数词，one的序数词为first。故填first。 52．考查动词时态和语态。句意：季节有两种划分方式：天文季节和气象季节。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且seasons与define之间是被动关系，即“季节被划分”，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语seasons是复数，所以用are defined。故填are defined。 53．考查连词。句意：每个天文季节的开始都以二分时刻或至日为标志。either...or...为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，表示选择关系。故填or。 54．考查冠词。句意：在二分时刻，地球的一半是亮的，而另一半是暗的。the other表示“两者中的另一个”，这里指地球的另一半，故填the。 55．考查副词。句意：随着新季节的推进，太阳的位置持续变化，白天会逐渐变亮或变暗，直到冬至的到来。此处修饰形容词lighter或darker，应用副词形式，progressive的副词为progressively，意为“逐渐地”。故填progressively。 56．考查名词。句意：至日标志着一年中最亮和最暗的日子，以及天文意义上夏天和冬天的开始。the +名词+ of表示“……的……”，begin的名词形式为beginning，意为“开始”。故填beginning。 57．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当北半球向太阳倾斜时，天气更明亮，感觉像夏天——而南半球则进入黑暗的冬天。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，所以feel用第三人称单数形式feels。故填feels。 58．考查形容词。句意：但是天文季节每年开始的日期和时间略有不同——这使得在农业、商业等领域使用的气候统计数据难以保持一致。此处修饰名词days and times，应用形容词形式，difference的形容词为different，意为“不同的”。故填different。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是天文季节每年开始的日期和时间略有不同——这使得在农业、商业等领域使用的气候统计数据难以保持一致。此处为“make it +形容词+ to do sth.”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，所以填to keep。故填to keep。 60．考查介词。句意：这就是为什么天气预报员和气候学家转而采用气象季节的原因。turn to为固定短语，意为“转向；求助于”，这里表示“转而采用”。故填to。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $