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专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit5~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 5 Learning from nature
一、核心单词
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1 __________ v.模仿
2 __________adj.极好的
3 __________ v.播(种)
4 __________ n.智慧
5 __________ v. 使用,运用
6 __________ v.鞠躬
7 __________ v.退出
8 __________ adj.抑郁的
9 __________v.离开
10 ________ v.使自己顺从于....
11 __________ v.冷落,嫌弃,
12 __________v.获得,得到
13 __________n.满足(感)
14 __________ v.评估,评价
二、单词拓展
1.wise adj.明智的;英明的→__________n.智慧
2.employ v.使用,运用;雇用;利用(时间、精力等)→__________ n.雇用者,雇主→__________n.雇员→__________ n.雇用→__________n.失业
3.deliberate adj.故意的,存心的;小心翼翼的;从容不迫的 v.仔细考虑,深思熟虑→__________adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地
4.withdraw v.退出→__________ n.撤走;收回,取回;提款,取款
5.depress v.使沮丧,使意志消沉,使心灰意冷→__________adj.沮丧的→__________ adj.令人沮丧的→__________ adj.抑郁的→__________n.沮丧,消沉
6.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→__________ adv.不情愿地;勉强地
7.depart v.离开→__________n.启程;上路
8.pure adj.纯粹的,干净的;纯真的;纯正的→__________ n.纯洁;洁净
9.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职;辞去(工作、职位等)→__________n.辞职;辞呈
10.botany n.植物学→__________ adj.植物(学)的
11.reject v.拒绝接受;冷落,嫌弃,厌弃→__________ n.拒绝;摒弃;[医]排斥
12. v.履行(条约,义务),遵守,执行(命令等);完成(计划等);满足(希望)→__________adj.感到满足的;觉得满意的;满足的→__________ adj.使人满足的,令人愉快的→__________ n.满足(感)
13.evaluate v.评估,评价→__________ n.评估,评价
三、常考单词
1.respond vi.反应;回复,回答
respond to
response n.
in response to
make (no) response to...
2. employ v.雇用;利用时间、精力等;使用,运用
employ sb.to do...
employ...as...雇
employ oneself in doing sth.
be employed in doing sth.
employment n.
out of employment
employer n.
employee n.
3.take...for granted认为……理所当然
take one’s time
take...seriously
take it/things easy
4.in return for=in reward for作为对……的回报
in return
in turn
by turns
5.while用作并列连词
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。
while用法较多,既可用作连词,也可用作名词。
表示“在……期间;当……时候”,指一段时间,引导时间状语从句;
表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句;
表示“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句;
表示“而;却”,是并列连词,构成并列句;
用作名词,表示“一会儿;一段时间”,如:after a while过了一会儿;once in a while偶尔,间或。
四.单元短语
1. 认为……理所当然
2. 把……转变为……
3. 对……做出响应/反应
4. 寻求……的解决方法
5. 从……中获取灵感
6. 作为对……的回报
7. 从……中获取……
8. 对……的反应
9. 从……撤离/退出
10. 听任;使自己顺从
11. 不拘束,放松
12.an example of
13.feed...with...
14.be used to sth.
15.in harmony with
16.be supposed to do sth.
17.vary from...to...
18.crash into
19.for good
20.be opposed to
五.单元佳句
1.句式:现在分词短语作结果状语 (V-ing)
【教材】 Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade, blending seamlessly with the natural surroundings.
翻译:
2.句式:非谓语动词 (不定式) 作主语
【教材】 To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
翻译:
3.句式:devote...to... (v-ed形式作状语)
【教材】 Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.
翻译:
六.单元语法
语法梳理
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非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
[归纳用法]
一、非谓语动词概述
动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语,但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
非谓语形式
主动形式
被动形式
动词
不定
式
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
——
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
——
动名词
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
现在分词
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
过去分词
done
——
——
[名师点津] 非谓语的否定形式,是在非谓语的前面加not,如not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;动词不定式作主语尤指一次性动作。
the curtains is your task today.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。
(2)动名词和动词不定式作主语,都可用it作形式主语, 经常用于以下句型中:
①It is/was no use/good/worth doing sth.
②It+be+名词+to do sth.
③It+be+difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...+ for sb. to do sth.
④It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...+of sb. to do sth.
important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说很重要。
It is kind you to take me to the station. 承蒙送到车站,您真是太好了。
2.非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语中的动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作;动名词作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下。两者可以通用,使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
(1)下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语:decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help。为了方便记忆,我们总结了以下口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
(2)下列动词或词组后一般用动名词:consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow, permit, escape。总结口诀如下:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
此外,be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, give up, feel like, insist on, have difficulty (in), spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。
forget
remember
regret
try
mean
(4)动词allow,permit,forbid,advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry, we don't allow noises in the reading room.对不起,在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don't allow students noises in the reading room.我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
(5)need,want,require作“需要”讲,deserve作“应受,应得”讲时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth后也用动名词的主动形式(doing)表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants be cleaned/cleaning.这扇窗户需要擦一下。
(6)think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it our duty the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
3.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等,从时间概念上说含有将来的意义。
Her ambition is be a cinema actress.她的目标是当一名电影演员。
The most important purpose of first aid is save one's life.急救最重要的目的是挽救生命。
[名师点津] 当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这时的不定式只作单纯的表语,不具有未来的含义。
The secret of a happy life is accept change gracefully.幸福生活的秘密是优雅地接受变化。
(2)主语部分含有行为动词do时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
What he wanted to do was a skillful worker.他想要做的就是成为一名技术熟练的工人。
(3)动名词作表语时,句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句,多指抽象的、概念性的动作,也可以是多次的、经常性的行为。
Her first delight was going the Tower of London.她最高兴的事是去伦敦塔。
Our job is all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
[名师点津] 动名词和动词不定式作表语的区别:
动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常可互换,但当非谓语形式所表达的是某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时,通常用动词不定式作表语;若非谓语形式所表达的并不强调动作,而是表示主语的内容,则通常用动名词作表语。
七.单元写作
写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文
此类文章属于夹叙夹议类小短文。写作通常只需包含“谁?干了什么事?结果如何?”等,然后再谈谈从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。需要注意的是:
1.叙事时态多用一般过去时,看法和感受多用一般现在时;人称多以第一和第三人称为主;
2.其次还要注意叙事的衔接性,常见的衔接词如:(just)then,after (that),when,as soon as等。
[基本框架]
第一部分:叙述事情的起因;
第二部分:叙述事情的经过;
第三部分:感受和教训。
[常用词块]
1.to live a better life为了过更好的生活
2.thank you very much for your concern非常感谢你的关心
3.have problems with their noses and lungs他们的鼻子和肺有问题
4.have to take action to protect our environment必须采取措施来保护我们的环境
5.be nowhere to find无处可寻
6.be to blame for it要为此负责
7.waste plenty of resources浪费大量的资源
8.make the world a pleasant place to live in让世界成为一个宜居的地方
9.learn a lesson from this failure从这次失败中吸取教训
10.the lesson from my previous mistake以往的错误给我的教训
[常用语句]
1.Once lost,they can never be replaced.一旦失去,就再也无法弥补。
2.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.这对我是个警告,以后要多加小心。
3.Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters.不适当的人类活动导致了这些灾难。
4.So it is high time that we protected our environment.所以,是时候保护我们的环境了。
5.Only if we stop damaging the environment and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
只有我们停止破坏环境,并尽我们最大的努力保护它,我们才能使世界成为一个宜居的地方。
例文
假如你是李华,你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文,向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者,芒芒然归,谓其人曰,“今日病矣!予助苗长矣!”其子趋而往视之,苗则槁矣。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Unit 6 Nature in words
一、核心单词
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1 ___________adj.每周的
2 __________ v.坚称
3 ___________ v.(使)发红
4 ___________ v.排列,布置
5___________ n.闪耀,闪光
6 __________ v.(使)变红
7 ___________v.变弯曲
8 ___________ adj.天真无邪的
9 ___________ v.改进;增强
10 ___________ v.开花
11 ___________ n.魅力,魔力
12 ________ adj. 阴冷的;阴郁的
13___________ v. 逐渐消失;褪色
14 _________v.堆放,摞起
15 ___________ adj.轻柔的
16 _________ v.吹过,掠过
17 _________ v.禁止,取缔
18 ___________ adj.困惑的
19 _________ v.颤抖,发抖
20 ___________v.生机勃勃
21 ___________ n.鸽子
22 ___________ v.提醒
23 ___________ adv.故意地
24 ___________ adj.缜密的
25 _________n.名誉,名望
26 __________n.优美 ;简洁
二、单词拓展
1.inspect v.检查;审视→___________ n.检查员,巡视员→___________ n.检查;检验;视察;检阅
2.insist v.坚称,坚决认为→___________ n.坚持
3.shave v.剃(须发);(尤指)刮脸→___________n.刮胡子
4.faint adj.微弱的,暗淡的;晕眩的 v.晕倒 n.昏厥→___________ adv.微弱地,模糊地
5.innocent adj.天真无邪的→___________ n.清白,无辜,无罪;天真,纯真,单纯
6.charm n.魅力,魔力→___________ adj.令人着迷的;迷人的;吸引人的
7.gentle adj.轻柔的;温和的→___________adv.温和地;轻柔地→___________ n.温和;和善;彬彬有礼
8.puzzle v.迷惑,(使)困惑 n.智力游戏;不解之谜;疑问→___________ adj.令人迷惑的→___________ adj.困惑的,无法理解的
9.knowing adj.心照不宣的;故意的→___________ adv.故意地;会意地
10.precise adj.精确的;一丝不苟的→___________ adv.准确地;精确地
11.elegant adj.优美的;典雅的;简洁的→___________ n.优美;简洁→___________ adv.优美地,雅致地,高雅地
12.passion n.热情;强烈的情感→___________ adj.具有强烈信念的
三、常考单词
1.insist v.坚称,坚决认为
insist作“坚持要求;坚持主张”讲时同demand,request,require等,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即动词用“(should+) do”;作“坚 ”解时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
insist on/upon (sb./sb.’s) (doing) sth.坚持要求(某人)(做)某事
注意:insist既不接不定式,也不接动名词,遇此情况要用insist on。insist后也不接不定式的复合结构。
2.puzzled adj.困惑的;感到迷惑的
be puzzled about
puzzle over/about
a puzzle to sb.
puzzling adj.
3.regard...as...把……视为;把……当作……
regard n.
with/in regard to
as regards
give one’s regards to sb.
regarding prep.
4.rather than而不是;与其……不如……
other than
or rather
more than
注意:rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面的主语保持一致。
5.stand by站在旁边;袖手旁观;支持;坚持,信守原有的决定、承诺或宣言
stand v.
(can’t) stand (sb./sth.) doing sth.
stand for
stand out
stand up
四.单元短语
1________________喋喋不休 2.________________拜访;探访
3________________爆发 4.________________提醒…注意…
5.________________对……造成伤害 6.________________敦促某人做某事
7________________……的目标 8.______________坚持;遵守;支持;袖手旁观
9.________谈及 10.________________...冒着……的危险
11.________________在充足的阳光下 12.________________连续不停地
13.________________随时,很快 14.________________自然生态系统
15.________________环保意识 16.________________捍卫她的主张
17.________________容易理解,清楚明了18.______________觉察到,意识到
五.单元佳句
1.句式:定语从句 (whose引导)
【教材】 They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.
翻译:
2.句式:by the time + 时间状语从句
【教材】 Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
翻译:
3.句式:more... than... 与其说……不如说……
【教材】 Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
翻译:
六.单元语法
非谓语动词作宾语、状语和宾语补足语
[归纳用法]
1.不定式、动名词和分词作定语
(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。
He is a pleasant fellow h.他是个很好共事的人。
The man our assistance is Mike.要来帮助我们的人是迈克。
(2)动名词作前置定语,用来说明该名词的性质、用途,可替换成for短语。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming(动名词)
(3)分词作定语
现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含义;现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
China is a country,not a country.中国是一个发展中国家,而不是一个发达国家。
[名师点津] 动名词作定语通常表示用途
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
2.非谓语动词作状语的用法区别
(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。
there on time,I got up early.为了按时到达那里,我很早就起床了。
He's old enough himself.他年龄够大了,可以自己去上学了。
She was so angry as unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。
Jack hurried to the booking office, that all the tickets had been sold out.
杰克匆忙赶到售票处,结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果)
I am glad .听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语,通常位于句末)
(2)动词ing形式(现在分词)和动词ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系,主语与动词ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
the teacher,he ran into the classroom.看见老师,他跑进了教室。
by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下,那位老教师走进了教室。
Party members,we should take the lead in everything.
作为党员,凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
[名师点津]动词ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作,但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时,则情况不是这样。
the direction of the wind,it won't rain today.根据风向判断,今天不会下雨。
,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.一般说来,照相机越贵,质量就越好。
3.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语
动词不定式作补足语表示动作的全过程;现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成意义。
We watched her the street.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。
I watched my sister the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。
I heard my name .(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。
[巧学助记]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式:
劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend,teach,order,command,ask,tell);
允许又警告(allow,permit,warn);
使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect);
知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)。
(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。
He kept the car at the gate.他把小汽车停在门口。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时,主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to,但在变为被动结构时(watch,notice除外),省略的to则必须加上。
七.单元写作
关于大自然的诗歌赏析
关于诗歌鉴赏的表达
第一段:
整体介
绍诗歌,
展示诗
歌主题
词汇
1.brilliant adj.巧妙的,使人印象深的 7.influence vt.影响
2.outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
8.convey vt.传达
3.magnificent adj.壮丽的;出色的
9.harmonious adj.和谐的
4.remarkable adj.引人注目的,非凡的
10.tell the story of讲述……的故事
5.extraordinary adj.卓越的
11.appeal to对……有吸引力
6.witness vt.目击
12.benefit from受益于
句式
1.Written by..., one of the most brilliant poets in..., the poem vividly reflects the fact that...这首诗是由……写的, ……最杰出的诗人之一,生动地反映了……的事实。
2.It conveys a strong feeling of...when the poet..., which appeals to readers.当诗人……时,它传达了一种强烈的……之情,这对读者很有吸引力。
第二段:
揭示诗歌的
现实意义
词汇
1.respect vt.尊重 6.be of significance很重要
2.reflect vt.反省,深思
7.believe in相信,信任
3.attitude n.态度
8.in harmony with与……和谐
4.educational adj.教育的
9.make contributions to对……做出贡献
5.confident adj.自信的
10.make a difference产生影响
句式/
句子
1.More importantly, we should respect nature and make joint efforts so that we can...更重要的是,我们应该尊重自然,共同努力,这样我们才能……
2.What we should keep in mind is that we are part of nature and whatever we do...我们应该记住的是,我们是自然的一部分,无论我们做什么……
3.Only when we live in harmony with nature can we enjoy the peace and freedom in life.只有当我们与自然和谐相处时,我们才能享受生活中的平静与自由。
写作题目
你校英语角刊登了下面这首英文诗歌。请认真品读,并为其写一篇100词左右的赏析,内容包括:
1.该诗歌的主题;
2.你对该主题的理解。
Who Has Seen the Wind
—Christina Rossetti
Who has seen the wind?
Neither I nor you.
But when the leaves hang trembling,
The wind is passing through.
Who has seen the wind?
Neither you nor I.
But when the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by.
思路点拨
一、单词拼写
1.There is no d______________ furniture, no basic decoration, and the only photograph in the home is the wedding photo of Cai Wei and his wife. (根据首字母单词拼写)
2.She has a very good r_________ among her colleagues so everyone loves to work with her. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3.He decided to ______________(转换)careers and become a teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
4.This makes it harder to ________ (适应) to the new and difficult challenge I face. (根据汉语提示填空)
5.We decided to __________ our stay by one night because we wanted to visit another museum. (根据句意填空)
6.Reeve realized that his role in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman, and he soon gained a __________ for raising awareness for good causes. (根据句意填空)
7.The trees were all b______ (弯曲) and twisted from the wind. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
8.Without any other solution, we had to ________________ (accept as inevitable) ourselves to making a loss on the sale. (根据英文释义单词拼写)
二、单项选择
9.After a quick _____at his watch, he went to meet his good friend at the airport.
A.glance B.glare C.gaze D.stare
10.Mark said that he was not suitable for the job, so he decided to ______ from the company.
A.suffer B.resign C.retire D.escape
11.We regret ________ you that you haven’t been selected for the team.
A.to inform B.informing C.having informed D.inform
12.—__________ drop rubbish while climbing the mountain. It’s bad for the environment.
—I will keep that in mind.
A.Don’t remember to B.Remember to not C.Remember not to D.Remember
13.Every artist’s wish is something that expresses an idea.
A.created B.to create
C.creates D.to have created
14.It’s easier to achieve a marathon world record in Berlin than in London.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.主语 D.表语
15.The school has only been open for six months, so it’s too early to________its success.
A.estimate B.criticize C.reckon D.evaluate
16.—The Simpsons __________ a housewarming party this weekend. You won’t come, will you?
— Of course, I __________. I won’t miss it for the world!
A.is to launch; won’t B.have held; will
C.will organise; won’t D.are throwing; will
17.Tom tends ______ very well in a match and that may allow us ______ the match to be held tomorrow.
A.to perform; to win B.to perform; winning
C.performing; to win D.performing; winning
18.We need to __________ the company’s financial situation before investing in it.
A.demonstrate B.describe C.predict D.evaluate
三、语法填空
1. (2024·新高考I卷)To make the most of your time, you need ________ (plan) your daily schedule in advance.
2. (2024·全国甲卷)________ (walk) along the ancient street, we found many traditional handicraft shops.
3. (2024·新高考II卷)The bridge ________ (build) last year connects the two villages conveniently.
4. (2023·新高考I卷)I remember ________ (meet) her at a party three years ago.
5. (2023·全国乙卷)He hurried to the station, only ________ (find) the train had left.
6. (2023·浙江6月卷)It is no good ________ (complain) about the situation without taking action.
7. (2022·新高考I卷)With his work ________ (finish), he went out for a walk.
8. (2022·全国甲卷)The girl stood at the window, ________ (look) at the flying birds outside.
9. (2022·全国乙卷)We are looking forward to ________ (visit) the newly built museum.
10. (2021·新高考I卷)The first thing ________ (do) is to check all the equipment carefully.
11. (2021·全国乙卷)________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks 12. (2021·浙江1月卷)Having ________ (spend) all his money, he had to borrow some from 13. (2020·新高考I卷)My parents encouraged me ________ (try) different kinds of sports in 14. (2020·全国甲卷)He dislikes ________ (interrupt) while he is concentrating on his study.
15. (2020·全国乙卷)I don’t know whether ________ (choose) the art course or the science course.
16. (2019·全国I卷)________ (ignore) the small mistakes will lead to bigger problems sooner or later.
17. (2019·全国II卷)The doctor told him not ________ (stay) up late any longer.
18. (2019·全国III卷)The lecture ________ (give) by the famous professor drew a large audience.
19. (2018·全国I卷)She got her hair ________ (cut) before attending the wedding ceremony.
20. (2018·全国II卷)His dream is ________ (become) an outstanding English teacher in the future.
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专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit5~Unit6单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 5 Learning from nature
一、核心单词
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1 mimic v.模仿
2 superb adj.极好的,出色的
3 sow v.播(种)
4 wisdom n.智慧
5 employ v. 使用,运用
6 bow v.鞠躬
7 withdraw v.退出
8 depressive adj.抑郁的
9 depart v.离开
10 resign v.使自己顺从于....
11 reject v.冷落,嫌弃,厌弃
12 attain v.获得,得到
13 fulfillment / n.满足(感)
14 evaluate v.评估,评价
二、单词拓展
1.wise adj.明智的;英明的→wisdom n.智慧
2.employ v.使用,运用;雇用;利用(时间、精力等)→employer n.雇用者,雇主→employee n.雇员→employment n.雇用→unemployment n.失业
3.deliberate adj.故意的,存心的;小心翼翼的;从容不迫的 v.仔细考虑,深思熟虑→deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地
4.withdraw v.退出→withdrawal n.撤走;收回,取回;提款,取款
5.depress v.使沮丧,使意志消沉,使心灰意冷→depressed adj.沮丧的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的→depressive adj.抑郁的→depression n.沮丧,消沉
6.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地;勉强地
7.depart v.离开→departure n.启程;上路
8.pure adj.纯粹的,干净的;纯真的;纯正的→purity n.纯洁;洁净
9.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职;辞去(工作、职位等)→resignation n.辞职;辞呈
10.botany n.植物学→botanical adj.植物(学)的
11.reject v.拒绝接受;冷落,嫌弃,厌弃→rejection n.拒绝;摒弃;[医]排斥
12. v.履行(条约,义务),遵守,执行(命令等);完成(计划等);满足(希望)→fulfilled adj.感到满足的;觉得满意的;满足的→fulfilling adj.使人满足的,令人愉快的→fulfillment n.满足(感)
13.evaluate v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估,评价
三、常考单词
1.respond vi.反应;回复,回答
respond to响应;对……作出反应;回答
response n.回答;反应
in response to作为……的回应
make (no) response to...对……给予/不予回答
2. employ v.雇用;利用时间、精力等;使用,运用
employ sb.to do...雇用某人做……
employ...as...雇用……当……
employ oneself in doing sth.从事于……,忙于……
be employed in doing sth.从事于……,忙于……
employment n.雇用;工作;就业
out of employment失业
employer n.雇主,老板
employee n.雇工,雇员
3.take...for granted认为……理所当然
take one’s time不匆忙;别着急指时间上
take...seriously认真对待……
take it/things easy轻松;不紧张;从容指心理上
4.in return for=in reward for作为对……的回报
in return作为报答;回报
in turn依次;反过来
by turns轮流
5.while用作并列连词
While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应,而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。
while用法较多,既可用作连词,也可用作名词。
表示“在……期间;当……时候”,指一段时间,引导时间状语从句;
表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句;
表示“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句;
表示“而;却”,是并列连词,构成并列句;
用作名词,表示“一会儿;一段时间”,如:after a while过了一会儿;once in a while偶尔,间或。
四.单元短语
1.take...for granted认为……理所当然
2.convert...into...把……转变为……
3.respond to对……做出响应/反应
4.seek solutions to寻求……的解决方法
5.take inspiration from从……中获取灵感
6.in return for作为对……的回报
7.draw...from...从……中获取……
8.reaction to对……的反应
9.withdraw from从……撤离/退出
10.resign oneself to听任;使自己顺从
11.at ease with不拘束,放松
12.an example of 一个……的例子
13.feed...with...给……供应/供给……
14.be used to sth. 习惯于某事/物
15.in harmony with 与……协调
16.be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
17.vary from...to... 从……到……不等
18.crash into 撞上
19.for good 永远;永久
20.be opposed to 反对
五.单元佳句
1.句式:现在分词短语作结果状语 (V-ing)
【教材】 Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade, blending seamlessly with the natural surroundings.
翻译:其造型酷似一朵莲花,仿佛漂浮于海滨长廊之上,与周围自然环境完美融合。
2.句式:非谓语动词 (不定式) 作主语
【教材】 To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
翻译:满足当今的需求同时保护明天的世界也许是一个挑战,但即使最简单的生物也能教我们如何实现这一点。
3.句式:devote...to... (v-ed形式作状语)
【教材】 Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.
翻译:他致力于对自然现象的观察,并在日记中记录了他细致的发现。
六.单元语法
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
[归纳用法]
一、非谓语动词概述
动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语,但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
非谓语形式
主动形式
被动形式
动词
不定
式
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
——
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
——
动名词
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
现在分词
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
过去分词
done
——
——
[名师点津] 非谓语的否定形式,是在非谓语的前面加not,如not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;动词不定式作主语尤指一次性动作。
To wash the curtains is your task today.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。
(2)动名词和动词不定式作主语,都可用it作形式主语, 经常用于以下句型中:
①It is/was no use/good/worth doing sth.
②It+be+名词+to do sth.
③It+be+difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...+ for sb. to do sth.
④It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...+of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说很重要。
It is kind of you to take me to the station. 承蒙送到车站,您真是太好了。
2.非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语中的动词不定式和动名词在句子中可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作;动名词作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下。两者可以通用,使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
(1)下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语:decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help。为了方便记忆,我们总结了以下口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
(2)下列动词或词组后一般用动名词:consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow, permit, escape。总结口诀如下:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
此外,be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, give up, feel like, insist on, have difficulty (in), spend time(in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。
forget
remember
regret
try
mean
(4)动词allow,permit,forbid,advise等后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry, we don't allow making noises in the reading room.对不起,在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don't allow students to make noises in the reading room.我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
(5)need,want,require作“需要”讲,deserve作“应受,应得”讲时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth后也用动名词的主动形式(doing)表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.这扇窗户需要擦一下。
(6)think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it our duty to obey the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
3.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等,从时间概念上说含有将来的意义。
Her ambition is to be a cinema actress.她的目标是当一名电影演员。
The most important purpose of first aid is to save one's life.急救最重要的目的是挽救生命。
[名师点津] 当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这时的不定式只作单纯的表语,不具有未来的含义。
The secret of a happy life is to accept change gracefully.幸福生活的秘密是优雅地接受变化。
(2)主语部分含有行为动词do时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
What he wanted to do was (to) become a skillful worker.他想要做的就是成为一名技术熟练的工人。
(3)动名词作表语时,句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句,多指抽象的、概念性的动作,也可以是多次的、经常性的行为。
Her first delight was going to the Tower of London.她最高兴的事是去伦敦塔。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
[名师点津] 动名词和动词不定式作表语的区别:
动名词和动词不定式作表语时通常可互换,但当非谓语形式所表达的是某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时,通常用动词不定式作表语;若非谓语形式所表达的并不强调动作,而是表示主语的内容,则通常用动名词作表语。
七.单元写作
写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文
此类文章属于夹叙夹议类小短文。写作通常只需包含“谁?干了什么事?结果如何?”等,然后再谈谈从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。需要注意的是:
1.叙事时态多用一般过去时,看法和感受多用一般现在时;人称多以第一和第三人称为主;
2.其次还要注意叙事的衔接性,常见的衔接词如:(just)then,after (that),when,as soon as等。
[基本框架]
第一部分:叙述事情的起因;
第二部分:叙述事情的经过;
第三部分:感受和教训。
[常用词块]
1.to live a better life为了过更好的生活
2.thank you very much for your concern非常感谢你的关心
3.have problems with their noses and lungs他们的鼻子和肺有问题
4.have to take action to protect our environment必须采取措施来保护我们的环境
5.be nowhere to find无处可寻
6.be to blame for it要为此负责
7.waste plenty of resources浪费大量的资源
8.make the world a pleasant place to live in让世界成为一个宜居的地方
9.learn a lesson from this failure从这次失败中吸取教训
10.the lesson from my previous mistake以往的错误给我的教训
[常用语句]
1.Once lost,they can never be replaced.一旦失去,就再也无法弥补。
2.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.这对我是个警告,以后要多加小心。
3.Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters.不适当的人类活动导致了这些灾难。
4.So it is high time that we protected our environment.所以,是时候保护我们的环境了。
5.Only if we stop damaging the environment and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
只有我们停止破坏环境,并尽我们最大的努力保护它,我们才能使世界成为一个宜居的地方。
例文
假如你是李华,你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文,向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者,芒芒然归,谓其人曰,“今日病矣!予助苗长矣!”其子趋而往视之,苗则槁矣。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
The set phrase“ya miao zhu zhang”means“Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.There is a story behind it.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So,he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family,“I'm exhausted today,for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this,his son ran to look and found all had dried up and died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will make things worse.
Unit 6 Nature in words
一、核心单词
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1 weekly adj.每周的
2 insist v.坚称,坚决认为
3 flush v.(使)发红
4 dispose v.排列,布置
5 sparkle n.闪耀,闪光
6 redden v.(使)变红
7 bend v.变弯曲
8 innocent adj.天真无邪的
9 enhance v.改进;增强
10 bloom v.开花
11 charm n.魅力,魔力
12 bleak adj. 阴冷的;阴郁的
13 fade /feɪd/ v. 逐渐消失;褪色
14 pile v.堆放,摞起
15 gentle adj.轻柔的;温和的
16 sweep v.吹过,掠过
17 ban v.禁止,取缔
18 puzzled adj.困惑的
19 tremble v.颤抖,发抖
20 throb v.生机勃勃;热闹
21 dove n.鸽子
22 alert v.提醒
23 knowingly adv.故意地
24 thorough adj.缜密的
25 reputation n.名誉,名望
26 elegance n.优美 ;简洁
二、单词拓展
1.inspect v.检查;审视→inspector n.检查员,巡视员→inspection n.检查;检验;视察;检阅
2.insist v.坚称,坚决认为→insistence n.坚持
3.shave v.剃(须发);(尤指)刮脸→shaving n.刮胡子
4.faint adj.微弱的,暗淡的;不热情的;晕眩的 v.晕倒 n.昏厥→faintly adv.微弱地,模糊地
5.innocent adj.天真无邪的→innocence n.清白,无辜,无罪;天真,纯真,单纯
6.charm n.魅力,魔力→charming adj.令人着迷的;迷人的;吸引人的
7.gentle adj.轻柔的;温和的→gently adv.温和地;轻柔地→gentleness n.温和;和善;彬彬有礼
8.puzzle v.迷惑,(使)困惑 n.智力游戏;不解之谜;疑问→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.困惑的,无法理解的
9.knowing adj.心照不宣的;故意的→knowingly adv.故意地;会意地
10.precise adj.精确的;一丝不苟的→precisely adv.准确地;精确地
11.elegant adj.优美的;典雅的;简洁的→elegance n.优美;简洁→elegantly adv.优美地,雅致地,高雅地
12.passion n.热情;强烈的情感→passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
三、常考单词
1.insist v.坚称,坚决认为
insist作“坚持要求;坚持主张”讲时同demand,request,require等,后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即动词用“(should+) do”;作“坚持说;坚持认为”解时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
insist on/upon (sb./sb.’s) (doing) sth.坚持要求(某人)(做)某事
注意:insist既不接不定式,也不接动名词,遇此情况要用insist on。insist后也不接不定式的复合结构。
2.puzzled adj.困惑的;感到迷惑的
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
puzzle over/about苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁
a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
3.regard...as...把……视为;把……当作……
regard n.注意,关注;关心;问候 vt.将……认为;看待
with/in regard to关于
as regards关于;至于
give one’s regards to sb.代某人向某人问候
regarding prep.关于
4.rather than而不是;与其……不如……
宁愿做A而不愿做B
other than除了……;除……之外
or rather更确切地说
more than很;非常;超过;不仅仅
注意:rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面的主语保持一致。
5.stand by站在旁边;袖手旁观;支持;坚持,信守原有的决定、承诺或宣言
stand v.忍耐,忍受;经受;站立;位于(某处) n.态度,立场;货摊
(can’t) stand (sb./sth.) doing sth.(不能)容忍(某人/某物)做某事
stand for代表;象征;支持;主张;容忍(用于否定句)
stand out突出
stand up站立;站起来
四.单元短语
1.talk away喋喋不休
2.come round拜访;探访
3.break out爆发
4.alert...to...提醒…注意…
5.cause harm to对……造成伤害
6.urge sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事
7.a target for...……的目标
8.stand by坚持;遵守;支持;袖手旁观
9.say of谈及
10.at the risk of...冒着……的危险
11.in full sunlight在充足的阳光下
12.on and on连续不停地
13.at any moment随时,很快
14.natural ecosystems自然生态系统
15.environmental awareness环保意识
16.defend her claims捍卫她的主张
17.loud and clear 容易理解,清楚明了
18.wake up to觉察到,意识到
五:本单元重点单词语法填空
五.单元佳句
1.句式:定语从句 (whose引导)
【教材】 They are people in whose lives a slight fall of snow is an event.
翻译:他们是这样的人,在他们的生活中,看到一场小雪也算是件大事了。
2.句式:by the time + 时间状语从句
【教材】 Then the sun came out, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
翻译:接着太阳出来了,到我坐下来吃早餐时,阳光绚丽地照耀着,给积雪添上一抹柔和的粉色。
3.句式:more... than... 与其说……不如说……
【教材】 Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
翻译:也有一些人说,她的作品与其说是科学上的,不如说是情感上的。
六.单元语法
非谓语动词作宾语、状语和宾语补足语
[归纳用法]
1.不定式、动名词和分词作定语
(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.他是个很好共事的人。
The man to come to our assistance is Mike.要来帮助我们的人是迈克。
(2)动名词作前置定语,用来说明该名词的性质、用途,可替换成for短语。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming(动名词)
(3)分词作定语
现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含义;现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
China is a developing country,not a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家,而不是一个发达国家。
[名师点津] 动名词作定语通常表示用途
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
2.非谓语动词作状语的用法区别
(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。
In order to arrive there on time,I got up early.为了按时到达那里,我很早就起床了。
He's old enough to go to school himself.他年龄够大了,可以自己去上学了。
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。
Jack hurried to the booking office,only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.
杰克匆忙赶到售票处,结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果)
I am glad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语,通常位于句末)
(2)动词ing形式(现在分词)和动词ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系,主语与动词ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
Seeing the teacher,he ran into the classroom.看见老师,他跑进了教室。
Surrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下,那位老教师走进了教室。
Being Party members,we should take the lead in everything.
作为党员,凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
[名师点津]动词ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作,但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时,则情况不是这样。
Judging by the direction of the wind,it won't rain today.根据风向判断,今天不会下雨。
Generally speaking,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.一般说来,照相机越贵,质量就越好。
3.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语
动词不定式作补足语表示动作的全过程;现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成意义。
We watched her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。
I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。
I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。
[巧学助记]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式:
劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend,teach,order,command,ask,tell);
允许又警告(allow,permit,warn);
使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect);
知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)。
(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。
He kept the car waiting at the gate.他把小汽车停在门口。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时,主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to,但在变为被动结构时(watch,notice除外),省略的to则必须加上。
七.单元写作
关于大自然的诗歌赏析
关于诗歌鉴赏的表达
第一段:
整体介
绍诗歌,
展示诗
歌主题
词汇
1.brilliant adj.巧妙的,使人印象深的 7.influence vt.影响
2.outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
8.convey vt.传达
3.magnificent adj.壮丽的;出色的
9.harmonious adj.和谐的
4.remarkable adj.引人注目的,非凡的
10.tell the story of讲述……的故事
5.extraordinary adj.卓越的
11.appeal to对……有吸引力
6.witness vt.目击
12.benefit from受益于
句式
1.Written by..., one of the most brilliant poets in..., the poem vividly reflects the fact that...这首诗是由……写的, ……最杰出的诗人之一,生动地反映了……的事实。
2.It conveys a strong feeling of...when the poet..., which appeals to readers.当诗人……时,它传达了一种强烈的……之情,这对读者很有吸引力。
第二段:
揭示诗歌的
现实意义
词汇
1.respect vt.尊重 6.be of significance很重要
2.reflect vt.反省,深思
7.believe in相信,信任
3.attitude n.态度
8.in harmony with与……和谐
4.educational adj.教育的
9.make contributions to对……做出贡献
5.confident adj.自信的
10.make a difference产生影响
句式/
句子
1.More importantly, we should respect nature and make joint efforts so that we can...更重要的是,我们应该尊重自然,共同努力,这样我们才能……
2.What we should keep in mind is that we are part of nature and whatever we do...我们应该记住的是,我们是自然的一部分,无论我们做什么……
3.Only when we live in harmony with nature can we enjoy the peace and freedom in life.只有当我们与自然和谐相处时,我们才能享受生活中的平静与自由。
写作题目
你校英语角刊登了下面这首英文诗歌。请认真品读,并为其写一篇100词左右的赏析,内容包括:
1.该诗歌的主题;
2.你对该主题的理解。
Who Has Seen the Wind
—Christina Rossetti
Who has seen the wind?
Neither I nor you.
But when the leaves hang trembling,
The wind is passing through.
Who has seen the wind?
Neither you nor I.
But when the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by.
思路点拨
Who Has Seen the Wind is written by Christina Rossetti,who has a reputation for writing poems. The poem gives a precise reflection of the poet's interest in natural phenomena and how people come to understand invisible things like wind, air, growth, and so on. In this poem, the trees, the leaves, the wind,and even the whole nature are filled with spirituality and seem to convey some mystery.
Through this poem, Rossetti wants to alert us to the fact that there is something invisible in life that can affect us. We live in a material world, making it impossible for us to separate from the physical environment. However, it is those invisible things that can bring changes, such as love from the family and friends around us who are always there listening to our voices and standing by us.
Furthermore, our confidence and belief also play an important role in our way to success.
一、单词拼写
1.There is no d______________ furniture, no basic decoration, and the only photograph in the home is the wedding photo of Cai Wei and his wife. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】decent/ecent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:没有像样的家具,没有基本的装饰,家里只有蔡伟夫妇的结婚照。此处用形容词修饰名词furniture,decent意为“像样的”,符合句意,故填decent。
2.She has a very good r_________ among her colleagues so everyone loves to work with her. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】reputation/eputation
【详解】考查名词。句意:她在同事中名声很好,所以每个人都喜欢和她一起工作。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,根据句意和提示的首字母,此处为reputation意为“名声”且空前有不定冠词a,所以此处为名词单数形式。故填reputation。
3.He decided to ______________(转换)careers and become a teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】switch
【详解】考查动词。句意:他决定改行当一名教师。根据汉语提示可知应填动词switch,此处为不定式作宾语。故填switch。
4.This makes it harder to ________ (适应) to the new and difficult challenge I face. (根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】adjust/ adapt
【详解】考查动词。句意:这使适应我面临的困难挑战更加艰难。本句为动词不定式作宾语,结合汉语提示可知adjust或adapt符合题意,故填adjust/adapt。
5.We decided to __________ our stay by one night because we wanted to visit another museum. (根据句意填空)
【答案】extend
【详解】句意:因为我们想再参观一座博物馆,所以我们决定将逗留时间延长一晚。根据句意“because we wanted to visit another museum”可知,需要增加停留时间,故应用动词extend,表示“延长、延期”;句子结构为decide to do sth.,不定式符号to后需用动词原形。
6.Reeve realized that his role in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman, and he soon gained a __________ for raising awareness for good causes. (根据句意填空)
【答案】reputation
【详解】考查名词。句意:里夫意识到,他在这些电影中的角色让他有机会成为现实生活中的超人,他很快就因提高人们对公益事业的认识而名声大噪。此处应填名词作宾语,需要的词义是“名声”,为reputation,前面有不定冠词 a,故填reputation。
7.The trees were all b______ (弯曲) and twisted from the wind. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】bent/ent
【详解】考查动词。句意:树被风吹得歪歪扭扭的。结合首字母提示可知,“弯曲”应用动词bend,结合“from the wind”可知,bend和主语The trees之间是被动关系,需用被动语态。故填bent。
8.Without any other solution, we had to ________________ (accept as inevitable) ourselves to making a loss on the sale. (根据英文释义单词拼写)
【答案】resign
【详解】考查动词。句意:在没有任何其他解决方案的情况下,我们只好认输了。have to do:不得不做某事,再根据“accept as inevitable(不可避免地接受)”和“ourselves to making”可知,此处需填入动词resign,resign oneself to (doing) sth意为“使自己顺从于(做)某事”,故填resign。
二、单项选择
9.After a quick _____at his watch, he went to meet his good friend at the airport.
A.glance B.glare C.gaze D.stare
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他匆匆看了一眼手表,就去机场接他的好朋友去了。A. glance瞥一眼;B. glare怒视;C. gaze注视;D. stare盯着看。由quick可知,此处指匆匆瞥一眼手表。故选A。
10.Mark said that he was not suitable for the job, so he decided to ______ from the company.
A.suffer B.resign C.retire D.escape
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:马克说他不适合这份工作,所以他决定从公司辞职。A. suffer受苦;B. resign辞职;C. retire退休;D. escape逃离。根据“Mark said that he was not suitable for the job”可知,Mark认为不适合这份工作,所以决定辞职。故选B项。
11.We regret ________ you that you haven’t been selected for the team.
A.to inform B.informing C.having informed D.inform
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们很遗憾地通知你,你没有入选球队。短语regret to do意为“遗憾地做某事”,符合句意,而regret doing意为“后悔做过某事”,而本句表达的是要去做某事,所以本句用不定式作宾语,故选A。
12.—__________ drop rubbish while climbing the mountain. It’s bad for the environment.
—I will keep that in mind.
A.Don’t remember to B.Remember to not C.Remember not to D.Remember
【答案】C
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:——爬山时记得不要扔垃圾。这对环境有害。——我会记住的。表示“记得不要做某事”短语为remember not to do sth.。故选C。
13.Every artist’s wish is something that expresses an idea.
A.created B.to create
C.creates D.to have created
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:每个艺术家的愿望都是创造能够表达想法的东西。此处说明主语wish的内容,应用不定式作表语,故排除A、C选项;D选项为to have done形式,表示已经完成,与wish不符合。故选B。
14.It’s easier to achieve a marathon world record in Berlin than in London.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.主语 D.表语
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:在柏林打破马拉松世界纪录比在伦敦更容易。本句是“形式主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 不定式短语(真正主语)”结构,it作形式主语,is为系动词,to achieve a marathon world record in Berlin than in London.作真正主语,所以划线部分为真正主语。故选C。
15.The school has only been open for six months, so it’s too early to________its success.
A.estimate B.criticize C.reckon D.evaluate
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这所学校开办才六个月,所以要评价它的成功还为时过早。A. estimate估计,强调判断的具体内容和过程,每一个细节都没有忽视;B. criticize批评;C. reckon认为,计算;D. evaluate评估,求……的值,指最终评价所但来的结果,强调评价完成的状态。根据后文“its success”指评价成功这一结果,应用evaluate。故选D。
16.—The Simpsons __________ a housewarming party this weekend. You won’t come, will you?
— Of course, I __________. I won’t miss it for the world!
A.is to launch; won’t B.have held; will
C.will organise; won’t D.are throwing; will
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析及时态。句意:——辛普森一家这周末要举办一个乔迁派对。你不会来的,是吗?——当然,我会去的。我无论如何都不会错过的!A. is to launch将发起; won’t 将不;B. have held已经举行; will 将会; C. will organise将组织; won’t 将不;D. are throwing将举行; will将要。根据第二空后“I won’t miss it for the world!”可知,我会去参加party,所以第二空应是肯定回答,故排除AC项。第一空开聚会throw a party或hold a party 都是正确表达,只是时间状语this weekend及后面句子的时态可知聚会还没举行,应使用一般将来时,故B项排除,D项are throwing现在进行表将来。故选D项。
17.Tom tends ______ very well in a match and that may allow us ______ the match to be held tomorrow.
A.to perform; to win B.to perform; winning
C.performing; to win D.performing; winning
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:汤姆在比赛中往往表现得很好,这可能会让我们赢得明天举行的比赛。分析句子可知,空格一处涉及固定短语“tend to do sth.”,意为“倾向于做某事”,故空格一应填“to perform”;空格二处涉及固定短语“allow sb. to do sth.”,意为“允许某人做某事”,故空格二应填“to win”。故选A项。
18.We need to __________ the company’s financial situation before investing in it.
A.demonstrate B.describe C.predict D.evaluate
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在投资之前,我们需要评估公司的财务状况。A. demonstrate证明;B. describe描述;C. predict预测;D. evaluates评估。根据空后the company’s financial situation before investing in it可知,此处表示“评估公司的财务状况”,应用动词evaluate。故选D。
三、语法填空
1. (2024·新高考I卷)To make the most of your time, you need ________ (plan) your daily schedule in advance.
答案:to plan
解析:固定搭配need to do sth,不定式作动词宾语;句子已有谓语need,不再使用谓语形式,采用非谓语不定式。
2. (2024·全国甲卷)________ (walk) along the ancient street, we found many traditional handicraft shops.
答案:Walking
解析:主句已有谓语found,无并列连词;逻辑主语we与walk为主动关系,现在分词作伴随状语。
3. (2024·新高考II卷)The bridge ________ (build) last year connects the two villages conveniently.
答案:built
解析:句子谓语为connects,空格作后置定语修饰bridge;bridge和build是被动关系,用过去分词非谓语。
4. (2023·新高考I卷)I remember ________ (meet) her at a party three years ago.
答案:meeting
解析:remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”,动名词作remember的宾语,属于非谓语结构。
5. (2023·全国乙卷)He hurried to the station, only ________ (find) the train had left.
答案:to find
解析:only to do为固定不定式结构,表出乎意料的负面结果,不定式作结果状语。
6. (2023·浙江6月卷)It is no good ________ (complain) about the situation without taking action.
答案:complaining
解析:固定句型It is no good doing sth,动名词作句子真正主语,it为形式主语。
7. (2022·新高考I卷)With his work ________ (finish), he went out for a walk.
答案:finished
解析:with复合结构作伴随状语;宾语work与finish构成被动关系,过去分词作宾语补足语。
8. (2022·全国甲卷)The girl stood at the window, ________ (look) at the flying birds outside.
答案:looking
解析:主句谓语为stood,无连词分隔;主语the girl和look是主动关系,现在分词作伴随状语。
9. (2022·全国乙卷)We are looking forward to ________ (visit) the newly built museum.
答案:visiting
解析:短语look forward to里to是介词,介词后接动名词作宾语。
10. (2021·新高考I卷)The first thing ________ (do) is to check all the equipment carefully.
答案:to do
解析:名词被序数词the first修饰,后置定语只能用不定式,属于非谓语固定用法。
11. (2021·全国乙卷)________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks extremely beautiful.
答案:Seen
解析:句子主语the city和see为被动逻辑,无并列连词,过去分词作方式状语。
12. (2021·浙江1月卷)Having ________ (spend) all his money, he had to borrow some from his friends.
答案:spent
解析:现在分词完成式having done,表示非谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,作原因状语。
13. (2020·新高考I卷)My parents encouraged me ________ (try) different kinds of sports in my spare time.
答案:to try
解析:固定搭配encourage sb to do sth,不定式作宾语补足语。
14. (2020·全国甲卷)He dislikes ________ (interrupt) while he is concentrating on his study.
答案:being interrupted
解析:dislike后接动名词作宾语;主语he和interrupt是被动关系,用动名词被动式。
15. (2020·全国乙卷)I don’t know whether ________ (choose) the art course or the science course.
答案:to choose
解析:疑问词whether+不定式构成固定结构,整体在句中作know的宾语。
16. (2019·全国I卷)________ (ignore) the small mistakes will lead to bigger problems sooner or later.
答案:Ignoring
解析:动名词置于句首充当句子主语,主句谓语为will lead。
17. (2019·全国II卷)The doctor told him not ________ (stay) up late any longer.
答案:to stay
解析:tell sb not to do sth,不定式否定形式作宾语补足语。
18. (2019·全国III卷)The lecture ________ (give) by the famous professor drew a large audience.
答案:given
解析:主句谓语是drew,lecture和give为被动关系,过去分词作后置定语。
19. (2018·全国I卷)She got her hair ________ (cut) before attending the wedding ceremony.
答案:cut
解析:get sth done固定结构,过去分词作宾补,表宾语遭受被动动作。
20. (2018·全国II卷)His dream is ________ (become) an outstanding English teacher in the future.
答案:to become
解析:不定式置于系动词后作表语,具体解释主语dream的内容。
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