Unit 5 Learning from nature 重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 5 Learning from nature 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．architect n．建筑师→ n．建筑学，建筑设计 2．plumbing n．管道系统→ n．管子工，水暖工 3．convert v．使转变；使转换→ n．转变，转化 4．wisdom n．智慧→ adj.有智慧的，高明的 5．employ v．使用，运用→ n．老板，雇主→ n．员工 → n．雇用；工作；就业 6．withdraw v．退出→ n．收回；撤退 7．depressive adj.抑郁的→ v．使抑郁→ 沮丧的→ n．抑郁症 8．depart v．离开→ n．离开 9．purity n．纯洁；洁净→ adj.纯洁的，纯净的→ v．使纯净，净化 10．botanical adj.植物(学)的→ n．植物 11．reject v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃→ n．拒绝 12．ease n．舒适，悠闲→ adj.容易的 13．fulfilment n．满足(感)→ v．满足；实现 14．evaluate v．评估，评价→ n．评估 一、单句语法填空 1．Many ancient Chinese sayings carry the (wise) of our ancestors. 2．These objects of beauty (employ) as decorations to cover floors and sofas or adorn walls. 3．It is our duty (take) care of the environment for future generations. 4．Here are four online art courses covering color mixing, (botany) drawing, and painting the natural world. 5． (learn) a foreign language well is of great importance to our future career. 6．It is a great pleasure (invite) to attend the annual art festival of the city. 7．It is important for us (master) at least one foreign language. 8． (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 9．The architect spent years (research) how plants can inspire building structures. 10．Deng Xiaoping is the (architecture) of the reform and opening-up in China. 11．These soldiers deserve (remember) for the selfless sacrifices they have made to our country. 12．From the moment a worker tips seeds into the (sow) machine, robots take over. 13．Space exploration opens up new (frontier) for human potential and ambition. 14．The (cottage) are equipped with many of the things nursing homes have, including safety rail, first aid cases , and more. 15．In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest and (bow) your head a bit. 16．As part of his (evaluate), Tyler went through every screen many times. 17．Tutor pay varies by specialty, experience, and educational (attain). 18．This computer is popular for its good design and (easy) of use. 19．All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with (reject). 20．For Dai people, water is a symbol of holiness, goodness and (pure). 二、单词拼写 21．I decided to (停止；戒掉) playing computer games because it wasted too much of my time. 22．My grandfather always gives me advice full of (智慧) about life and friendship. 23．Tai Chi has a huge effect on me both physically and mentally, which has inspired me to (探索) the Chinese culture behind it. 24．Problems at work continued (占用) his mind for some time. 25．She learned to (打字) quickly when she worked as a secretary. 26．The sky turned dark and it began to (轰隆隆地响) heavily, followed by a heavy rain. 27．The studio is midway between his aunt’s old home and his (小屋). 28．They need to (重建) their houses after the typhoon. 29．Due to the sudden change of plans, the company decided to (撤回) its investment from the project. 30．She is the (建筑师) of her own success, having worked tirelessly to build her career. 三、完成句子 31．她选择用冰淇淋和悲伤的电影来淹没她的悲伤，她知道这只是一个暂时的解决办法。 She chose to ice cream and sad movies, knowing it was only a temporary fix. 32．She determined after graduating from high school. 她决心高中毕业后出国留学。 33．迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。 is a great help to us. 34．孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。 The children should be taught properly. 35．父亲的话和陪伴激发了儿子的自信。 The father’s words and company . 36．父母们通常会发现理解青少年的想法很难。 Parents usually to understand teenagers’ thoughts. 37．你最好别熬夜到很晚。 It would be better for you . 38．幼儿园帮助儿童为上小学做准备。 Kindergartens help . 39．多阅读使你更容易在学习上处于领先地位。 Reading more in your study. 40．他开始对这一重大日子倒计时了。 He began to to the big day. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A leading Chinese commercial space company launched the country’s first reusable rocket on Wednesday, with the spacecraft’s second-stage booster 41 (manage) to enter its designated (指定的) orbit. Despite the attempt 42 (recover) its first-stage booster remaining unsuccessful, the launch was still regarded as a key step forward in China’s reusable spaceflight program. The ZQ 3 Y1 carrier rocket 43 (send) up at noon at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China. The “Y1” in the name means that the rocket is the first in the ZQ 3 series. “It 44 (remarkable) obtained critical technical data during the flight, laying a solid foundation for bettering the rocket’s design, enhancing its overall reliability, 45 realizing recovery,” the company said. Technical specifications from LandSpace show that the ZQ 3 Y1 is 66.1 meters tall and 4.5 meters wide, and weighs nearly 560 metric tons when fully 46 (fuel). The rocket was propelled (推动) by LandSpace’s own methane engines, 47 are reusable and more environment-friendly, compared with traditional types of rocket engines that can function only once. The rocket’s propellant tanks are constructed with stainless steel, featuring good strength, a very competitive cost, as well as 48 (resist) to high temperatures and corrosion. LandSpace has invested a 49 (consider) amount of time and energy in the research and development of ZQ 3, as the company wants to use the reusable model to compete for profitable launch service contracts, 50 opportunity created by China’s grand plan to establish a massive Internet satellite network. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Visiting the Xi’an City Wall is a must-do experience for anyone exploring Xi’ an. As the ancient capital of China, it is home 51 one of the most well-protected city walls in the world. Whether you choose to walk, cycle, or take a guided tour, the Xi’an City Wall offers 52 unforgettable journey through ancient China’s military and architectural history. Xi’an was a walled city in the beginning, and even today the wall 53 (consider) a landmark (地标) dividing the city into the inner part and the outer part. The city wall is massive —  tall, long and thick. The South Gate and North Gate are the two main 54 (enter) to the inner city. The city itself is 55 (neat) arranged along the city wall. The wall, 56 was built in 1370 under Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty, was designed 57 (protect) Xi’an. The design is both practical and defensive, with a river 58 (surround) the wall. The best time to visit Xi’an City Wall 59 (depend) on the season. The spring months of March to May and autumn months of September to November are good as the weather is perfect for walking or cycling. Summer can be hot, so bring water and sunscreen if you plan to visit during the hotter months. Winter, on the other hand, can be cold, but it’s much 60 (quiet), offering a peaceful and less crowded experience. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Learning from nature 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．architect n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑学，建筑设计 2．plumbing n．管道系统→plumber n．管子工，水暖工 3．convert v．使转变；使转换→conversion n．转变，转化 4．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.有智慧的，高明的 5．employ v．使用，运用→employer n．老板，雇主→employee n．员工→employment n．雇用；工作；就业 6．withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤退 7．depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁→depressed沮丧的→depression n．抑郁症 8．depart v．离开→departure n．离开 9．purity n．纯洁；洁净→pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的→purify v．使纯净，净化 10．botanical adj.植物(学)的→botany n．植物 11．reject v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃→rejection n．拒绝 12．ease n．舒适，悠闲→easy adj.容易的 13．fulfilment n．满足(感)→fulfil v．满足；实现 14．evaluate v．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估 一、单句语法填空 1．Many ancient Chinese sayings carry the (wise) of our ancestors. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多中国古代谚语承载着我们祖先的智慧。wise是形容词，其名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词，在句中作carry的宾语。故填wisdom。 2．These objects of beauty (employ) as decorations to cover floors and sofas or adorn walls. 【答案】are employed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这些精美的物件被用作装饰品，铺在地板、沙发上或装饰墙壁。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；These objects of beauty与employ为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are employed。 3．It is our duty (take) care of the environment for future generations. 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为子孙后代保护环境是我们的责任。本句为固定句型It is one's duty to do sth.，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填to take。 4．Here are four online art courses covering color mixing, (botany) drawing, and painting the natural world. 【答案】botanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这里有四门在线艺术课程，内容涵盖色彩混合、植物绘画以及描绘自然景观。修饰名词drawing用形容词botanical，作定语。故填botanical。 5． (learn) a foreign language well is of great importance to our future career. 【答案】Learning/To learn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学好一门外语对我们未来的职业发展非常重要。设空处作主语，可使用动名词形式作主语，泛指的学习行为，也可使用动词不定式作主语，表示具体的学习目标，二者均可，句首单词首字母大写。故填Learning/To learn。 6．It is a great pleasure (invite) to attend the annual art festival of the city. 【答案】to be invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被邀请参加这个城市的年度艺术节是一件非常愉快的事。It是形式主语，本空用invite“邀请”的不定式，作真正的主语，且此处表示“被邀请”，用不定式的被动形式to be invited。故填to be invited。 7．It is important for us (master) at least one foreign language. 【答案】to master 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对我们来说，掌握至少一门外语是很重要的。根据“It is important for us”可知，此处用固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”表示“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，因此用master“掌握”的不定式形式。故填to master。 8． (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 【答案】To form/Forming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：养成一个好习惯对我们的一生发展有益。设空处作主语，不定式表具体未来的动作，动名词表泛指习惯性的动作，二者均可，句首首字母大写。故填To form/Forming。 9．The architect spent years (research) how plants can inspire building structures. 【答案】researching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位建筑师花费了数年时间研究植物如何能为建筑结构提供灵感。spend time (in) doing sth“花时间做某事”为固定搭配，此空填动名词researching作宾语。故填researching。 10．Deng Xiaoping is the (architecture) of the reform and opening-up in China. 【答案】architect 【详解】考查名词。句意：邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师。本空作表语，表示“设计师”，应用名词architect，且此处指邓小平一个人，应用单数形式。故填architect。 11．These soldiers deserve (remember) for the selfless sacrifices they have made to our country. 【答案】remembering/to be remembered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些士兵为我们的国家做出了无私的牺牲，值得我们铭记。deserve doing是固定短语，意为“值得做某事”，用动名词主动形式表被动意义，等同于deserve to be done，因此空处用remember“纪念”的动名词形式，或不定式被动语态，作宾语。故填remembering/to be remembered。 12．From the moment a worker tips seeds into the (sow) machine, robots take over. 【答案】sowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从工人将种子倒入播种机的那一刻起，机器人就开始接手工作了。此处修饰名词machine，表示机器的种类，用动名词sowing作定语。故填sowing。 13．Space exploration opens up new (frontier) for human potential and ambition. 【答案】frontiers 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：太空探索为人类的潜能和抱负开辟了新的疆域。空处应为名词，作宾语；frontier表示“新领域、前沿”，为可数名词，空处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，应用复数形式。故填frontiers。 14．The (cottage) are equipped with many of the things nursing homes have, including safety rail, first aid cases , and more. 【答案】cottages 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些小屋配备了许多养老院都有的设施，包括安全护栏、急救箱等等。设空处在句中作主语，结合后文的“are equipped with”可知，主语应为复数形式。故填cottages。 15．In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest and (bow) your head a bit. 【答案】bowing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在泰国，问候的方式是将双手在胸前合十，然后微微低头。设空处与“pressing”并列，在句中作介词“by”的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填bowing。 16．As part of his (evaluate), Tyler went through every screen many times. 【答案】evaluation 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为评估的一部分，泰勒多次仔细查看了每一个屏幕。作介词的宾语，用名词evaluation，故填evaluation。 17．Tutor pay varies by specialty, experience, and educational (attain). 【答案】attainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：导师的薪酬因专业、经验和教育程度而异。空处应用名词，与specialty, experience并列作宾语；attainment为名词，表示“成就、造诣”，符合句意。故填attainment。 18．This computer is popular for its good design and (easy) of use. 【答案】ease 【详解】考查名词。句意：这台电脑因其良好的设计和易用性而广受欢迎。空处应用名词，与design并列作宾语；ease为名词，表示“容易、舒适”，ease of use表示“易用性”，符合句意。故填ease。 19．All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with (reject). 【答案】rejection 【详解】考查名词。句意：伟大的作品的作者常常不得不面对批评和拒绝。空处应用名词，作宾语；rejection为名词，表示“拒绝”，符合句意。表示抽象含义，是不可数名词。故填rejection。 20．For Dai people, water is a symbol of holiness, goodness and (pure). 【答案】purity 【详解】考查名词。句意：对傣族人来说，水是神圣、善良和纯洁的象征。该空需要一个名词与holiness和 goodness并列作宾语，pure为形容词，其名词拼写为purity，是不可数名词。故填purity。 二、单词拼写 21．I decided to (停止；戒掉) playing computer games because it wasted too much of my time. 【答案】quit 【详解】考查动词。句意：我决定不再玩电脑游戏了，因为这占用了我太多的时间。根据汉语提示可知用动词quit，此处为不定式作宾语，故填quit。 22．My grandfather always gives me advice full of (智慧) about life and friendship. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的祖父总是给我充满关于生活和友谊的智慧的建议。“智慧”作宾语，用名词wisdom，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。 23．Tai Chi has a huge effect on me both physically and mentally, which has inspired me to (探索) the Chinese culture behind it. 【答案】explore 【详解】考查动词。句意：太极对我的身心都产生了巨大的影响，这激励我去探索其背后的中国文化。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词explore，固定搭配inspire sb. to do sth.“激励某人做某事”，空前有to，explore使用动词原形。故填explore。 24．Problems at work continued (占用) his mind for some time. 【答案】to occupy 【详解】考查动词。句意：工作上的问题在他的脑海里萦绕了一段时间。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词occupy；固定搭配continue to do sth. “继续做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to occupy。 25．She learned to (打字) quickly when she worked as a secretary. 【答案】type 【详解】考查动词。句意：她当秘书的时候学会了快速打字。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用动词type，空格前为不定式符号to，需填动词原形。故填type。 26．The sky turned dark and it began to (轰隆隆地响) heavily, followed by a heavy rain. 【答案】thunder 【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意：天空变得昏暗起来，接着雷声轰鸣得愈发响亮，随后便是倾盆大雨。此处表示“轰隆隆地响”应用动词thunder。begin to do意为“开始做某事”，此处用to do不定式作宾语。故填thunder。 27．The studio is midway between his aunt’s old home and his (小屋). 【答案】cottage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个工作室位于他姑姑的老宅和他的小屋之间。根据汉语提示“小屋”，以及上文his形容词性物主代词后接名词，可知，此处应填名词cottage。故填cottage。 28．They need to (重建) their houses after the typhoon. 【答案】reconstruct 【详解】考查动词。句意：台风过后，他们需要重建他们的房屋。need to do sth.为固定结构，意为“需要做某事”，to后接动词原形，reconstruct作动词，意为“重建”，符合语境，在句中作need的宾语。故填reconstruct。 29．Due to the sudden change of plans, the company decided to (撤回) its investment from the project. 【答案】withdraw 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于计划的突然变更，该公司决定撤回对这个项目的投资。根据汉语提示“撤回”可知，此处为动词withdraw，固定用法decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填withdraw。 30．She is the (建筑师) of her own success, having worked tirelessly to build her career. 【答案】architect 【详解】考查名词。句意：她是自己成功的建筑师，一路勤勉打拼，成就了自己的事业。根据汉语提示可知用名词architect，作表语，此处为特指。故填architect。 三、完成句子 31．她选择用冰淇淋和悲伤的电影来淹没她的悲伤，她知道这只是一个暂时的解决办法。 She chose to ice cream and sad movies, knowing it was only a temporary fix. 【答案】 drown her sadness/sorrows in 【详解】考查动词和名词。表示“用……来淹没”用动词短语drown...in...，不定式符号to后接drown的原形，宾语“她的悲伤”用her sadness/sorrows。故填drown；her；sadness/sorrows；in。 32．She determined after graduating from high school. 她决心高中毕业后出国留学。 【答案】to study abroad 【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意：她决心高中毕业后出国留学。表示“出国留学”用study abroad。determine to do sth.是固定短语，意为“决心做某事”，本空用不定式to study，作宾语。故填to study abroad。 33．迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。 is a great help to us. 【答案】Mike’s returning to work 【详解】考查动名词。根据句意，此处需表达“迈克回来工作”，在句中作主语，需用动名词短语。“迈克”的所有格形式“Mike’s”修饰动名词短语，“回来工作”译为“return to work”，“return”需用动名词形式returning，构成动名词的复合结构“Mike’s returning to work”，在句中作主语。故填 Mike’s returning to work。 34．孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。 The children should be taught properly. 【答案】how to employ their spare time 【详解】考查疑问词+动词不定式和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为how to do表示“如何做”的固定结构，表示“利用他们的空闲时间”应为动词短语employ their spare time。故填how to employ their spare time。 35．父亲的话和陪伴激发了儿子的自信。 The father’s words and company . 【答案】inspired his son with confidence 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“激发”用动词inspire， inspire sb. with sth.表示“用某事物激励某人”。发生在过去用一般过去时；表示“儿子”用his son；表示“自信”用confidence。故填inspired his son with confidence。 36．父母们通常会发现理解青少年的想法很难。 Parents usually to understand teenagers’ thoughts. 【答案】 find it hard/difficult 【详解】考查动词短语和it。根据汉语提示，表示“发现去做某事很难”用find it hard/difficult to do sth，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语parents为复数，谓语动词用原形；同时此处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后文的不定式结构。故填find it hard/difficult。 37．你最好别熬夜到很晚。 It would be better for you . 【答案】not to stay up too late 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“熬夜”用stay up；“很晚”用too late；此处为it be+形容词+for sb+不定式的结构，其中it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语；根据句意，此处表示否定意义，故使用不定式的否定结构。故答案为not to stay up too late。 38．幼儿园帮助儿童为上小学做准备。 Kindergartens help . 【答案】prepare children for primary school 【详解】考查动词短语。“帮助做某事”常见用法为help do sth.，省略to的不定式作宾语。此处指“使儿童为上小学作准备”，“使……为……做准备”表达为prepare...for...，“儿童”是children，“小学”是primary school。故填prepare children for primary school。 39．多阅读使你更容易在学习上处于领先地位。 Reading more in your study. 【答案】makes it easier for you to take the lead 【详解】考查动词短语及形式宾语。根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“使你更容易处于领先地位”，“使某人更容易做某事”的英文表达为make it easier for sb to do sth，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语，“你”为代词you，“处于领先地位”的英文表达为take the lead；句子描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，动名词短语“Reading more”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数makes。故填makes it easier for you to take the lead。 40．他开始对这一重大日子倒计时了。 He began to to the big day. 【答案】 count down 【详解】考查动词短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处表示“倒计时”，可用动词短语count down，且这里应用动词原形与前面to构成不定式作宾语。故填count down。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A leading Chinese commercial space company launched the country’s first reusable rocket on Wednesday, with the spacecraft’s second-stage booster 41 (manage) to enter its designated (指定的) orbit. Despite the attempt 42 (recover) its first-stage booster remaining unsuccessful, the launch was still regarded as a key step forward in China’s reusable spaceflight program. The ZQ 3 Y1 carrier rocket 43 (send) up at noon at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China. The “Y1” in the name means that the rocket is the first in the ZQ 3 series. “It 44 (remarkable) obtained critical technical data during the flight, laying a solid foundation for bettering the rocket’s design, enhancing its overall reliability, 45 realizing recovery,” the company said. Technical specifications from LandSpace show that the ZQ 3 Y1 is 66.1 meters tall and 4.5 meters wide, and weighs nearly 560 metric tons when fully 46 (fuel). The rocket was propelled (推动) by LandSpace’s own methane engines, 47 are reusable and more environment-friendly, compared with traditional types of rocket engines that can function only once. The rocket’s propellant tanks are constructed with stainless steel, featuring good strength, a very competitive cost, as well as 48 (resist) to high temperatures and corrosion. LandSpace has invested a 49 (consider) amount of time and energy in the research and development of ZQ 3, as the company wants to use the reusable model to compete for profitable launch service contracts, 50 opportunity created by China’s grand plan to establish a massive Internet satellite network. 【答案】 41．managing 42．to recover 43．was sent 44．remarkably 45．and 46．fueled 47．which 48．resistance 49．considerable 50．an 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了中国民营航天公司蓝箭航天成功发射其首款可重复使用火箭，并介绍了该火箭的技术特点与研发背景。 41．考查 with 复合结构。句意：周三，中国一家领先的民营商业航天公司发射了国内首枚可重复使用火箭，其航天器的二级助推器成功进入预定轨道。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，booster与manage是主谓关系，应用现在分词managing。故填managing。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管回收一级助推器的尝试未能成功，但此次发射仍被视为中国可重复使用航天器项目向前迈出的关键一步。the attempt to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的尝试”，此空应用动词不定式to recover，作后置定语。故填to recover。 43．考查动词语态。句意：朱雀三号遥一运载火箭于中午时分在中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，carrier rocket与send是动宾关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，谓语用was sent。故填was sent。 44．考查副词。句意：该火箭在飞行过程中出色地获取了关键技术数据，为改进火箭设计、提升整体可靠性和实现回收奠定了坚实的基础。此空修饰动词obtained，应用副词remarkably作状语，意为“显著地，惊人地”。故填remarkably。 45．考查连词。句意：该火箭在飞行过程中出色地获取了关键技术数据，为改进火箭设计、提升整体可靠性和实现回收奠定了坚实的基础。此处bettering the rocket’s design、enhancing its overall reliability与realizing recovery为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：蓝箭航天公布的技术参数显示，朱雀三号遥一火箭高66.1米、宽4.5米，满载燃料时的重量接近560吨。此处是状语从句when it is fully fueled的省略形式，主语与fuel是动宾关系，应用过去分词fueled。故填fueled。 47．考查定语从句。句意：该火箭由蓝箭航天自主研发的甲烷发动机提供动力，这类发动机可重复使用且更环保，而传统的火箭发动机只能使用一次。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是methane engines，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 48．考查名词。句意：该火箭的推进剂储箱采用不锈钢制造，具备良好的强度、极具竞争力的成本，还能耐高温、抗腐蚀。根据as well as可知，此空与good strength、a very competitive cost并列，应用名词resistance，作宾语。故填resistance。 49．考查形容词。句意：蓝箭航天在朱雀三号的研发上投入了大量的时间和精力，该公司希望借助这款可重复使用火箭模型争夺利润丰厚的发射服务合同，这是中国打造大型互联网卫星网络的宏伟计划所创造的一个机遇。此空修饰名词amount，应用形容词considerable作定语，a considerable amount of是固定搭配，意为“大量的”。故填considerable。 50．考查冠词。句意：蓝箭航天在朱雀三号的研发上投入了大量的时间和精力，该公司希望借助这款可重复使用火箭模型争夺利润丰厚的发射服务合同，这是中国打造大型互联网卫星网络的宏伟计划所创造的一个机遇。此处表示泛指“一个机遇”，且opportunity以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Visiting the Xi’an City Wall is a must-do experience for anyone exploring Xi’ an. As the ancient capital of China, it is home 51 one of the most well-protected city walls in the world. Whether you choose to walk, cycle, or take a guided tour, the Xi’an City Wall offers 52 unforgettable journey through ancient China’s military and architectural history. Xi’an was a walled city in the beginning, and even today the wall 53 (consider) a landmark (地标) dividing the city into the inner part and the outer part. The city wall is massive —  tall, long and thick. The South Gate and North Gate are the two main 54 (enter) to the inner city. The city itself is 55 (neat) arranged along the city wall. The wall, 56 was built in 1370 under Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty, was designed 57 (protect) Xi’an. The design is both practical and defensive, with a river 58 (surround) the wall. The best time to visit Xi’an City Wall 59 (depend) on the season. The spring months of March to May and autumn months of September to November are good as the weather is perfect for walking or cycling. Summer can be hot, so bring water and sunscreen if you plan to visit during the hotter months. Winter, on the other hand, can be cold, but it’s much 60 (quiet), offering a peaceful and less crowded experience. 【答案】 51．to 52．an 53．is considered 54．entrances 55．neatly 56．which 57．to protect 58．surrounding 59．depends 60．quieter 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍西安城墙是游览西安的必体验之地，为世界保存完好的城墙之一，介绍其布局、建造背景及最佳游览时节。 51．考查介词。句意：作为中国古都，这里拥有世界上保存最完好的城墙之一。此处为固定搭配be home to，意为“是……的所在地，拥有”，用介词to。故填to。 52．考查冠词。句意：无论选择步行、骑行还是跟随导游游览，西安城墙都能带来一场穿越中国古代军事和建筑史的难忘旅程。journey为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，表泛指“一场难忘的旅程”，且unforgettable是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 53．考查动词时态和语态。句意：西安最初就是一座有城墙的城市，即便如今，这座城墙仍被视为将城市分为内城和外城的地标。本句描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语the wall与consider为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语the wall为第三人称单数，所以谓语用is considered。故填is considered。 54．考查名词复数。句意：南门和北门是进入内城的两个主要入口。此处位于数词two和形容词main之后，用enter的名词形式entrance“入口”，作表语，且需用复数形式entrances。故填entrances。 55．考查副词。句意：整座城市沿着城墙规划得十分整齐。此处修饰动词arranged，用neat的副词形式neatly，意为“整齐地”，作状语。故填neatly。 56．考查定语从句。句意：这座城墙建于1370年明朝洪武帝时期，其建造目的是保护西安。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The wall，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座城墙建于1370年明朝洪武帝时期，其建造目的是保护西安。此处为固定搭配be designed to do sth.，意为“被设计用来做某事”，用动词不定式to protect。故填to protect。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：城墙的设计兼具实用性和防御性，城墙四周有河流环绕。此处为with的复合结构，a river与surround为主动关系，用现在分词surrounding，作宾语补足语。故填surrounding。 59．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：游览西安城墙的最佳时间取决于季节。depend on“取决于”。此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The best time为第三人称单数，谓语动词用depends。故填depends。 60．考查形容词比较级。句意：另一方面，冬天可能很冷，但要安静得多，能带来静谧且不拥挤的游览体验。根据空前的much可知，此处用quiet的比较级quieter，much用来修饰比较级表程度。故填quieter。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $