专题04 阅读理解 议论文及新闻报道（期中真题汇编，广东专用）高一英语下学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文及新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会 —— 人际关系、文化冲突与社会包容 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）Many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”, they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But, if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You’ll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have don your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1．The underlined word “rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．develop B．recover C．accept D．establish 2．According to the author, we hold on to our anger often because we think ________. A．our own opinions matter most. B．others will be less defensive. C．our positions are higher than others. D．we can turn small issues into big ones. 3．The best thing to do after a quarrel is to ________. A．let go of our own rights B．realize you’re wrong C．expect others to give in D．contact others first 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should keep peaceful when facing small stuff. B．We should tell apart small and big stuff in our daily life. C．Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness. D．It’s necessary for us to enjoy our friendship and family relationship. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东省普宁市华侨中学·期中）Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons —for example, economic reasons —why they should be preserved. So, let us suppose that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A．They are more pleasing than modern buildings. B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C．Some of them are not attractive. D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 2．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. B．Buildings that affect their surroundings are attractive. C．People should protest against new buildings. D．We should reproduce the same old buildings. 3．By“move things forward”in the last paragraph,the author probably means“ A．destroy old buildings B．respect people’s feelings for historical buildings C．put things in a different place D．choose new architectural style 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why people dislike change. B．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. C．To warn that we could end up living in caves. D．To make a comparison between modern buildings and historic buildings. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People who forgive can have their welfare affected. B．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. C．People should offer mercy to other people. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To dominate is to harm. C．To forgive is to love. D．To give is to receive. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Objective. B．Reserved. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．It takes practice to forgive. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．Forgiveness grows with time. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东省·期中）Shortly after a 6.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Dingri county in Southwest China’s Xizang autonomous region on Jan 7, Air China, the nation’s flag carrier, took action to supply necessary airlift assistance, ensuring that key personnel and supplies quickly reached the most heavily affected areas. About five and a half hours after the earthquake, Air China’s CA4431 flight landed at Dingri Airport. It was the first flight to arrive in the county after the disaster (灾害), carrying relief (救济) personnel and supplies. Over the following two days, the airline continued its support by transporting rescue teams and relief supplies, including medicine, to the disaster zone and its vicinity. On the morning of Jan 8, a disaster relief flight, CA049, flew 42 airport support personnel from Lhasa, the capital city of the Xizang autonomous region, to Dingri to provide support for rescue operations. Later that day, in response to a request from the China Foundation for Rural Development to transport disaster relief supplies, Air China established a green channel for the task and worked overnight to organize operations and adjust aircraft capacity (能力). On Jan 9, flight CA4401 transported 6 metric tons of tents provided by the foundation from Chengdu, the capital city of Southwest China’s Sichuan province, to Lhasa. The tents were handed over to the local government upon arrival and then sent to the disaster-stricken area. Air China immediately started its emergency response plan and set up a task force concentrating on relief efforts following the earthquake. The task force focused on arranging rescue flights, managing flight changes and cancellations, and preparing critical supplies such as meals and oxygen bottles, according to the company. The airline increased its capacity for transporting relief supplies by using larger aircraft. Additionally, special policies were introduced for flights to the Xizang autonomous region, and relevant information was made available on the airline’s official website, mobile application, and WeChat mini-program. The earthquake hit Dingri county at 9:05 am on Jan 7 from a depth of 10 kilometers. 1．What does the underlined word “vicinity” in the second paragraph mean? A．The safe areas. B．The surrounding areas. C．The central areas. D．The shopping areas. 2．What did flight CA4401 send to the region hit by the earthquake? A．Some medicine. B．Some oxygen bottles. C．A large number of tents. D．A large quantity of food supplies. 3．How did Air China improve its capacity for carrying relief goods? A．By sending bigger airplanes. B．By making use of more helicopters. C．By using airports closer to the region for takeoff. D．By arranging for airplanes to fly to the region more frequently. 4．What can be the best title for the news report? A．6.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Dingri county. B．Air China introduces policies for flights to Xizang. C．Relief efforts strengthened by Air China’s support. D．First flight arrives in Dingri country after earthquake. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·广州市荔湾区第一中学·期中）A new coffee shop in New York lets its customers help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in every cup! This is the first coffee shop by Cafe Joyeux, which is based in Europe. They hi re individuals with IDD, providing valuable training and employment opportunities and empowering them along the way. Café Joyeux was founded in France in response to the alarming fact that over 8 million people with IDD face an 80% unemployment rate. The coffee shop aims to fight against this inequality by not only providing inclusive employment but also leading the way in promoting workplace inclusion more broadly. The story started on a sailing boat in Brittany, France, where Captain Yann Bucaille-Lanzerac, a successful businessman, shared his passion for sailing with passengers of all abilities. During a trip, Theo, a young man with IDD, asked Yann for a job. Yann hesitated, saying it was complicated, leaving Theo silent. This encounter led to the creation of Café Joyeux, employing and training people with mental and cognitive (认知的) disabilities, which has since expanded to over 19 locations across Europe. In early 2024, the first American Cafe Joyeux opened in New York City. Bucaille-Lannezac and his wife, Lydwine Bucaille, founders of Café Joyeux, employed 169 team members with disabilities. They believed their employees could provide excellent products and services, and stressed the significance of equal rights and fair treatment in the workplace. They started by empowering their employees and reinvesting 100% of their profits to further this mission, both within and outside their cafés. Early supporters, like Giovana Mullins, have praised the coffee shop Café Joyeux for its welcoming atmosphere. “As a customer walking in, even if you don’t know what this coffee shop is all about, you will feel the energy and the joy,” she said. 1．What problem does Café Joyeux aim to address? A．The high pricing of coffee. B．The expansion of European powers. C．The unemployment of people with IDD． D．The unreasonable limitations on sailing. 2．What brought about the idea for Café Joyeux? A．A job request on a boat. B．A public awareness campaign. C．A well-known sailing race. D．A discussion among customers. 3．What do we know about the employees with IDD in Café Joyeux? A．They serve as volunteers. B．They receive equal treatment. C．They are gifted in storytelling. D．They have to finish complicated tasks. 4．What does Giovana Mullins think of Café Joyeux? A．It needs to improve its services. B．It deserves more funds. C．It is poorly managed. D．It is satisfactory. 主题02 人与自我 —— 心理健康与情绪管理 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）Gratitude is a powerful tool for transforming negative attitudes and fostering a more positive outlook on life. Rooted in the simple act of recognizing and appreciating the good in our lives, gratitude has profound psychological, emotional, and social benefits. Gratitude can significantly improve mental health. When individuals focus on what they are thankful for, they tend to less dwell on negative thoughts and feelings. Studies have shown that practicing gratitude can decrease symptoms of being depressed and anxious. This shift in focus can help reframe one’s mindset, promoting a more positive outlook.   Emotionally, gratitude fosters a sense of well-being and contentment. By acknowledging the positive aspects of life, people can have less feelings of envy, resentment, and regret. This emotional shift can lead to increased happiness and satisfaction. Furthermore, gratitude helps individuals build emotional strength, enabling them to better cope with stress and adversity. On a social level, gratitude strengthens relationships. Expressing appreciation to others enhances social bonds and fosters a sense of community. When people feel valued and acknowledged, they are more likely to reciprocate (回报), creating a positive cycle of kindness and support. This can lead to deeper, more meaningful connections with others. Integrating gratitude into our life on a daily basis is relatively simple but requires consistency (始终如一). Keeping a gratitude journal, where one writes down things they are thankful for each day, is a practical way to cultivate this habit. Another effective practice is expressing gratitude directly to others, whether through a heartfelt note, a verbal “thank you”, or a small act of kindness. Most importantly, scan your thoughts. Do they showcase negativity or scarcity? If so, stop. Consider something for which you are grateful in that moment. That thought will begin a shift in your awareness. Do it again. By the third grateful thought, you will be likely to have many more that naturally follow. You have now shifted your thinking from negative to positive, and as you stay in that flow, your mood will shift too. Gratitude is a simple yet powerful practice, which holds the potential to transform lives and cultivate a more positive, fulfilling existence. 1．What does the underlined phrase “dwell on” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Run into. B．Protest against. C．Reflect on. D．Settle for. 2．What is the benefit of performing gratitude? A．Curing psychological diseases. B．Increasing financial stability. C．Avoiding stress and adversity. D．Strengthening personal interaction. 3．What is a suggested method to carry out gratitude in daily life? A．Noting down a thankfulness diary. B．Giving away delicate notes. C．Writing down detailed thoughts. D．Focusing on small acts. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．People should stop considering things when feeling negative. B．People should never switch to negative thinking flow. C．The negative thoughts will naturally follow positive thoughts. D．The practice of gratitude could generate satisfaction. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东省清远市清远市第三中学·期中）Around 1,500 endangered and rare languages are at a high risk of being lost in the next century, according to a study published on Thursday in Nature Ecology and Evolution. The study found that around half of the world’s 7,000 documented languages are endangered. It also found that greater road density was associated with higher risk of endangerment. “It’s as if roads are helping dominant languages overwhelm other smaller languages,” co-author and professor at the Australian National University Lindell Bromham said in a press release. Greater endangerment was also associated with higher average years of schooling, suggesting that formal education contributes to loss of language diversity. “Mainstream education in a dominant language can lead to loss of competence in minority languages. We urgently need to invest in bilingual (双语的) education and develop programs that allow communities to bring their heritage language into schools, to make sure the language stays strong and is passed on to future generations,” Bromhall told CBS News. The study found that unless there is intervention (干预), the world could lose at least one language per month, with language loss three times more in the next 40 years. The authors recommended “urgent investment” in community-based programs like bilingual education programs and language documentation. And some of the recommendations that experts made 20 years ago are still the same: governments should remove bans on languages and adults should encourage children to speak other languages — including their native language. “Each language is a reflection on the creativity and inventiveness of human minds, a beautiful and fascinating solution to complex communication challenges,” Bromham told CBS News. “Most importantly, for many people, language symbolizes cultural identity and belonging. Many groups mourn (悼念) the decline of unique languages and long for competency in languages no longer spoken.” 1．What was related with higher risk of language endangerment? A．Less road density. B．Unpopularity among language learners. C．Greater competence of small languages. D．Higher average years of schooling. 2．What should government do to preserve language diversity? A．Stop bans on languages. B．Create more language education programs. C．Put more investment in language research. D．Encourage people to speak other languages. 3．What do we know from the text? A．Investment is needed in bilingual education. B．Language loss results in mainstream education. C．Half of the world’s current languages are lost. D．Dominant languages are symbols of cultural identity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The causes of language loss. B．The high risk of language loss. C．The measures of language protection. D．The importance of language diversity. Passage 3 （24-25·广东省湛江市第二十一中学·期中）As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 2．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 3．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. 主题03 人与自然 —— 健康生活与科学认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东实验中学·期中）Just about 50 years ago, needing money to support my family—my novels weren’t bestsellers—I had the idea of taking the longest train trip imaginable and writing a travel book about it. The trip was improvisational (即兴的). I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark. I set off with one small bag containing clothes, a map of Asia, a travel guidebook and some travelers’ cheques. I was often inconvenienced, sometimes threatened, now and then disturbed for bribes, occasionally laid up with food poisoning—all this vivid detail for my narrative. What I repeated in the more than four-month trip was the pleasure of the sleeping car. Writing on board the Khyber Mail to Lahore in Pakistan, “The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private, combining the best features of a cupboard with forward movement. Whatever drama is being shown in this moving bedroom is heightened by the landscape passing the window...” A train is a carrier that allows residence. I wrote The Great Railway Bazaar on my return in 1974, and it appeared to good reviews and quick sales. That’s the past. Nothing is the same. All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone. Who’d risk an Iranian train now or take a bus through Afghanistan? But I’ve been surprised by some of the more recent developments in travel. I rode on Chinese trains for a year and wrote Riding the Iron Rooster, but now China has much cleaner and swifter trains and modernized destinations. A traveler today could take the same trip I took in 1986—1987 and produce a completely different book. All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost. 1．What happened at the beginning of the author’s trip to Asia? A．He made full preparations for the trip. B．He had expected the journey to be rough. C．He organized the trip with his family’s support. D．He started the trip out of his passion for traveling. 2．Why did the author repeatedly recall the sleeping car? A．For its romantic scenery. B．For its reassuring privacy. C．For its full equipment. D．For its long distance. 3．What did the author try to convey by saying “Nothing is the same”? A．The landscape in Asia was gone. B．Train trip was no longer popular. C．He couldn’t write another bestseller. D．Transportation and travel had changed a lot. 4．Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Sharp tools make good work. C．Travel, truth is not the arrival card. D．The journey, not the arrival matters. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期中）“Nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050. At least 700 million of those people will require access to ear and hearing care and other rehabilitation (康复) services unless action is taken. Untreated hearing loss can have a destructive impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to maintain relationships,” said Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General. The report, launched ahead of World Hearing Day on 3 March, stressed the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent and solve hearing loss by investing (投资) and expanding access to ear and hearing care services. Investment in ear and hearing care has been shown to be worth it. Lack of accurate information about ear diseases and hearing loss often keeps people from accessing care for these conditions. Even among health-care providers, there’s often a lack of knowledge about prevention, early identification and management of hearing loss and ear diseases, preventing their ability to provide the care required. In children, almost 60% of hearing loss can be prevented through measures, such as immunization (免疫接种) for prevention and early management. In adults, noise control and safe listening together with good ear health can help maintain good hearing and reduce the potential for hearing loss. Identification is the first step in dealing with hearing loss. Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensures that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible. Once checked, early prevention is the key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing (逆转) the associated hearing loss. However, where hearing loss is irreversible, rebabilitation can ensure that those affected avoid the negative effects of bearing loss. 1．What can we learn from Dr Tedros’ words? A．Hearing loss only influences people’s physical health. B．Nearly 2.5 billion people are suffering from hearing loss. C．Untreated hearing loss can affect people’s daily life seriously. D．Nearly 700 million people can have access to hearing care now. 2．Why are health-care providers mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of doctors and nurses. B．To show the absence of awareness about prevention. C．To call on people to respect them. D．To introduce the topic of hearing loss. 3．What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs? A．Rehabilitation services can reverse hearing loss. B．Most hearing loss in children can be cured. C．It is important to prevent hearing loss and ear diseases early. D．Few ear diseases can be cured by medical and surgical treatment. 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技、人际与文化传承 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent (口音) you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion - person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI - powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially harmful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere — in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the function of communication. B．To introduce the impact of AI on language. C．To share the author’s working experience. D．To stress the importance of AI on language processing. 2．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 3．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 4．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Humorous. C．Concerned. D．Objective. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）The other day I quarreled with my good friend Alissa. I told a guy a conversation we shared, not knowing she would be so annoyed with me about it. Yes, I overstepped my boundaries (边界). But I don’t want to lose my three-year friendship with Alissa. You develop a friendship with someone, and conflict is sure to occur. Many superficial (肤浅的) friendships end up being broken after an argument because there isn’t enough depth to ensure all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement. Unfortunately, even when the friendship reaches a deeper level, conflict continues to happen and can break apart a relationship. How can this be avoided? First and foremost, talk the situation over soon after it occurs. And do it quickly! From my experience, people begin to talk about what happened while it is still fresh in their minds. One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don’t go to bed angry with each other. They always try to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it’s a fresh start. Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over, realize everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personalities. For example, you might be a leader while your friend is more of a follower. You may be disappointed with him or her for not being very decisive. Yet it is important to understand that each person is unique and needs to be appreciated. But the most challenging is resolution — be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part. Even when you think the other person is wrong, it’s not a bad thing to say, “I’m sorry you feel that way.” Use feeling words since no one can argue with your feelings. For example, “When you do this, you make me feel silly.” Resolving conflict in any friendship is not a pleasant task, but it is worth the trouble because the result on the other end is a deeper friendship. 5．What do superficial friendships and deeper ones have in common according to the paragraph 2? A．Conflict is unavoidable. B．A quarrel brings an end to them. C．Disagreement deepens friendships. D．Understanding between friends is important. 6．What do we know about the author’s parents? A．They never sleep with work undone. B．They are used to making an apology. C．Their marriage isn’t so happy as expected. D．They solve their arguments without delay. 7．Which of the following does the author think is the most challenging? A．Applying feeling words when apologizing. B．Realizing everyone needs to be appreciated. C．Accepting your followers are not so decisive. D．Being the first one to apologize for your part. 8．What’s the author’s attitude towards resolving conflicts between friends? A．Supportive. B．Unworthy. C．Troublesome. D．Cautious. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）“The arrow shot is so straight that it hits the bull’s eye. The young people will have good luck…” Dargye sang as he worked on his handmade bag. Dargye, 56, an artist who excels at traditional craftsmanship (技艺) and Tibetan folk music in Drinba village in Dragyib district, Nyingchi, Xizang autonomous region, remembers many folk songs he learned from his father and uncle. Now, it’s his turn to pass them on. “I have liked traditional songs and dances since I was a child,” said Dargye, who has four apprentices (学徒). “The songs tell the histories of our ancestors and carry our unique culture, and it’s always a lot of fun to perform these traditional songs and dances at various gatherings.” The song topics vary from archery, love, to labor and praise for the land. In addition to teaching these songs to his family members and apprentices, he also uses social media platforms such as WeChat to teach songs. His daughter, Chok Butri, also admires the folk culture. After posting a video of her daughter, Tsering Kyi, dancing on Douyin, she gained a lot of new fans on the popular short-video platform. “We are modern people living in a modern era, so it’s important and our responsibility that we use modern tools to pass on our traditional culture to make it last forever.” said Chok Butri, adding that she often posts songs and dances on WeChat and Douyin. Dargye and his fellow villagers also recreate songs, adding modern elements such as aircraft and trains to the lyrics. Besides singing and dancing, Dargye makes handicrafts decorated with Tibetan cultural elements, including various hide and hair ropes, bags made of leather and cloth, and knife sheaths. The local government encourages villagers to inherit (继承) and develop folk songs and other forms of traditional culture. Dargye’s efforts to preserve folk culture have been acknowledged by the government. In 2014, he was chosen as a county-level intangible (无形的) cultural inheritor and receives funds every year. 9．Why does Dargye want to pass the culture on? A．He wants to satisfy his interest. B．He wants to learn from the seniors. C．He wants to bring people fun. D．He wants to inherit and develop it. 10．What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Dargye’s daughter? A．To show Dargye’s influence on her. B．To show folk music’s effect on her. C．To stress the benefit of modern tools. D．To stress the popularity of folk culture. 11．Which of the following can best describe Dargye? A．Ambitious and honest. B．Talented and curious. C．Devoted and creative. D．Generous and determined. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．All efforts to protect culture are rewarded B．A craftsman inherits songs to protect culture C．An artist prefers traditional songs and dances D．Tibetan culture is being protected and passed on Passage 4 （23-24高一下·广东省深圳市光明区光明中学·期中）Primary and secondary school learners, university students, and guests were invited on Wednesday and were treated to a colorful celebration at the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi, to mark the beginning of the year of the dragon which officially starts on Saturday. The place featured beautiful decorations with red and gold colors and lucky symbols. Visitors got an opportunity to participate in cultural experiences including painting, papercutting and pot throwing as well as experiencing Chinese cuisines like spicy hotpot, steamed stuffed buns (包子) , Chinese hamburgers, dumplings and barbecue among others. They were also treated to heartwarming performances including face-changing, lion dance, dragon dance, drumming, Chinese opera, Chinese songs and a talent show featuring Chinese traditional clothes as well as a mixture of Chinese and Kenyan fashion. Leah Muthoni, a student at the University of Nairobi lauded the Chinese cuisines served at the event, especially noodles and dumplings. She also appreciated the decorations, drawings, pictures and performances. Similar feelings were also shared by George Mwita, another student from the University of Nairobi who greatly enjoyed the pot throwing game. In his welcoming speech, Professor Stephen Kiama, the vice headmaster of the University of Nairobi who doubles up as the Kenya director of the Confucius Institute, hoped this year will be a good year of development because the Chinese dragon horns represent power and strength, while the drums represent courage and energy. Kiama said the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi has achieved a lot since its establishment in 2005, including winning the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times and pioneering the establishment of the Bachelor of Arts in the Chinese language in Kenya. “Last year, with the joint efforts of the various parties and stakeholders we established the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya and we admitted the first group of students,” he said. Kiama hopes that this year the Confucius Institute will gain more force with the blessing of power, courage and vitality from the year of the Chinese dragon. He said the Confucius Institute offers a good platform for cultural exchange between China and Kenya through events like the Chinese Lunar Year celebrations. Kiama hoped that the relationship between China and Kenya would further be strengthened by the blessings of the year of the dragon. In Chinese methodology (方法论) , the dragon has the power to control seasons, time and harvests, and it’s seen as a symbol of wealth. The Chinese consider dragons to be powerful. sympathetic, wise, kind and warm. 13．What is spoken of as one of the cultural experiences the visitors participated in? A．Tasting Chinese cuisines. B．Writing with brushes. C．Reciting Chinese poems. D．Guessing lantern riddles. 14．Which can replace the underlined word “lauded” in Paragraph 3? A．Mixed. B．Praised. C．Delivered. D．Sold. 15．What is the fact about the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi? A．It has the biggest number of students in Africa. B．George Mwita is one of the Chinese teachers there. C．It has won the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times. D．They set up the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya in 2005. 16．What is the best title for the news report? A．Kiama considers dragons to be powerful and sympathetic B．Confucius Institute offers good platform for cultural exchange C．Kiama wishes year of dragon good for development of Confucius Institute D．Confucius Institute at University of Nairobi marks year of dragon celebrations 主题02 人与自我 —— 成长体验与人生感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·广东茂名·期中）When it was my thirteenth birthday, I was overjoyed that the moment has come for me to become a teenager. I would be given more responsibility and freedom. My writing skills would strengthen and become sharper (鲜明的). To me, the experience of being a teenager excited me. I was so focused on the pleasures that I almost forgot my sister’s warning. I didn’t understand at first, but realized later what she meant. As a teen, you — and probably many others — love the sweets teenhood brings. You are given more freedom from your parents. You can actually have some privacy with the freedom you have. The talents you have start to strengthen and become sharp. Also, you can get a job and earn your own money. Of course, you have to do so when your parents allow you to. As I said before, being a teenager isn’t all happy and fun. Adults place higher expectations on you as you get older. The peer pressure starts to kick in. As you start to gain friends, you lose friends as well. The mood swings (情绪波动) come and go. To make matters worse, you receive more homework. That’s terrible! All in all, teen life can be really stresstul. With so many things going on, a teenager can hardly breathe! I, for one, can tell from experience that teenhood can really be a disappointment, with no fun at all. And then, it can be heaven (天堂). That is just the way life goes. 17．What did the author’s sister probably warn? A．Every coin has two sides. B．It is never too old to learn. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Rome wasn’t built in a day. 18．What does teenage life mean to the author? A．Poorer understanding. B．More friends. C．Less freedom. D．Sharper talents. 19．What’s the worse thing teenagers will experience according to the text? A．Endless homework. B．Lack of money. C．High expectations. D．Bad mood. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards teenage life? A．Favourable. B．Relaxed. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东广州·期中）The text from my son said it all, “Dad, there’s an article you were born to write that the world is finally ready for: Bring Back the Handkerchief (手帕)!” As my son knows, there’s no “bring back” for me. For me, the handkerchief never left. My mother raised me with several fixed rules. One was that a gentleman always has a clean handkerchief in his right rear pocket, a piece of simple cotton, roughly 15 inches square and less than four inches when folded. I was a dutiful son, but as a child, I had been wondering what it was there for. After 60 years, my body weight now feels wrong if I’m heading out of the house with an empty back pocket. I am sure this habit has sometimes struck friends but in polite company nobody comments on somebody else’s business. Children like my kids think of my hankie ridiculously old-fashioned and they have their arguments. If you have to be prepared every day for allergies or a cold, why not choose a little packet of tissues (纸巾), which saves you from that disgusting business of blowing your nose in the thing and then stuffing it back in your pants? I understand their point. But a handkerchief is more durable and has a far wider variety of uses. Can you grab the handle of a pot that’s boiling over with a Tempo tissue? Or do you recall the cases of skinned knees and drippy noses that hankie wiped? In fact, my wife gave me several new handkerchiefs as gifts. Neither of us can count the number of times she wiped her tears at a movie, or, as it happens, she’s needed to blow her nose. Yet not even my mother could have predicted the hankie’s new role as an Essential Public Health Appliance. All of us have learnt how hard it is to follow advice from medical experts about not touching your face. Here is an answer. Use your hankie. In case of emergency, your handkerchief can become a makeshift DIY mask that can be pulled over your lower face like a robber entering a bank. And it will certainly give me the chance to lift my chin and look at my adult children through one eye, asking in her good-hearted way, “What do you have to say now, smarty-pants?” 21．What kind of person is the author in the eye of his son? A．His father is a born writer. B．His father lost his handkerchief long ago. C．His father will bring back the handkerchief. D．His father has a habit of using handkerchief. 22．How do the younger generation like the handkerchief? A．They like it very much. B．They regard it as fashionable. C．They consider it inconvenient. D．They desire to have it someday. 23．What can be learned from the passage? A．The function of handkerchiefs has been updated. B．Handkerchiefs will be taken over by tissues sooner or later. C．The author’s wife feels embarrassed to give him a handkerchief. D．The author was made fun of by his friends for his use of handkerchiefs. 24．What’s the tone of the author in the passage? A．Bossy. B．Humorous. C．Serious. D．Critical. Passage 3 （23-24·广东省广州市第六中学·期中）Students to Compete in 34th National Science Bowl Thousands of students from middle and high schools across the country have committed themselves to extra study hours as they prepare to compete in the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s)34th National Science Bowl(NSB). These students are hard at work now to win their regional competitions, hoping to advance to the final competition. The first regional event will take place on January 13th with high schools from the D．C． /Maryland area. Teams will face off in a fast-paced, question-and-answer format, and their knowledge in all areas of science and mathematics will be tested. Regionals will continue weekly until mid-March. The winning team from each qualifying regional competition will be qualified to compete in the National Finals to be held in Washington, D．C． , from April 25-29, 2024, with all expenses paid by DOE. The national event consists of several days of science activities and sightseeing, along with the competitions. In the National Finals, the top two teams will earn $5, 000 for their schools’ math and science departments. Schools ranking in the top 16 will receive $1, 000 for their science departments. But to many, the ultimate prize is simply the honor of winning the National Championship. Today, the NSB annually draws more than 10, 000 middle and high school competitors. Since the first competition in 1991, approximately 344, 000 students have faced off in the NSB Finals. The 2024 competitors will follow in the footsteps of previous NSB contestants and will blaze a trail for students in science, math, and engineering. For more information, please visit the Office of Science website. 25．Which word can best describe the regional competitions? A．Fair. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Challenging 26．What can we learn about the National Finals? A．The championship victory is highly valued. B．The event only involves fierce competitions. C．Most of the expenses will be covered by DOE. D．The prize money will be awarded to individuals. 27．What is the text? A．A news release. B．A survey report. C．A learning project. D．A scientific review. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文及新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会 —— 人际关系、文化冲突与社会包容 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）Many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, the way we were raised, or some other painful events. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. A friend of mine recently told me that she hadn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go, as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”, they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But, if for some reason they don’t, that’s okay too. You’ll have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have don your part to create a more loving world, and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 1．The underlined word “rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．develop B．recover C．accept D．establish 2．According to the author, we hold on to our anger often because we think ________. A．our own opinions matter most. B．others will be less defensive. C．our positions are higher than others. D．we can turn small issues into big ones. 3．The best thing to do after a quarrel is to ________. A．let go of our own rights B．realize you’re wrong C．expect others to give in D．contact others first 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We should keep peaceful when facing small stuff. B．We should tell apart small and big stuff in our daily life. C．Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness. D．It’s necessary for us to enjoy our friendship and family relationship. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，生活中，有很多人在与别人发生争执、产生误会等时，会等待别人先道歉，但文章告诉我们要先向比人道歉，释放内心的愤怒，从而享受心平气和的快乐。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship.(我们固执地等待着别人找我们——相信这是我们能够原谅或rekindle友谊或家庭关系的唯一途径)”可知，我们等待别人来与我们主动沟通，再结合“forgive”可知，这样我们才能原谅别人或修复关系，rekindle意为“修复”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn “small stuff (问题)” into really “big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness.(每当我们压抑愤怒时，我们就会把“小事”变成我们心中真正的“大事”。我们开始相信我们的立场比我们的幸福更重要)”可知，我们总是认为我们的观点更重要，所以保持愤怒而不释放，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的故事“When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she said, “I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize.” After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case, when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins.(当我建议她主动联系时，她说：“我做不到。他才是应该道歉的人。”然而，经过一番温柔的鼓励，她决定第一个伸出手来。令她惊讶的是，她的儿子对她愿意打电话表示感谢，并向她道歉。通常情况下，当有人抓住机会并伸出援手时，每个人都是赢家)”和最后一段中“You'll also notice that, as you reach out and let others be “right”, they will become less defensive and more loving toward you.(你也会注意到，当你伸出手让别人“正确”的时候，他们会变得不那么防御，更爱你)”可知，争吵之后要做的最好的事情是先联系对方，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了我们许多人紧紧抓住小小的抱怨，固执地等待别人向我们伸出援手，相信这是我们原谅或恢复友谊或家庭关系的唯一方式；第二段通过一个例子说明当有人抓住机会主动伸出援手时，每个人都会赢；第三段讲述了如果我们坚持自己的愤怒，我们就会在脑海中把“小问题”变成真正的“大问题”，并指出如果我们想成为一个更平和的人，我们必须明白，正确几乎永远不如让自己快乐更重要，快乐的方法是放手，并伸出援手，让别人正确；第四段讲述了如果我们主动伸出援手并让别人正确，他们将会不那么防备我们，甚至也会向我们伸出援手，如果我们这样做后他们不这样做，也没关系，因为我们知道自己已经为创造一个更有爱的世界尽了一份力，当然我们自己也会更平静。综合这四段的意思可知，文章主要讲述了我们应该主动伸出援手，向他人道歉，这样才能赢得内心的平静和快乐，所以选项C“Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness(主动伸出手并道歉能赢得内心的平静和快乐)”符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东省普宁市华侨中学·期中）Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons —for example, economic reasons —why they should be preserved. So, let us suppose that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 1．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A．They are more pleasing than modern buildings. B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C．Some of them are not attractive. D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 2．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. B．Buildings that affect their surroundings are attractive. C．People should protest against new buildings. D．We should reproduce the same old buildings. 3．By“move things forward”in the last paragraph,the author probably means“ A．destroy old buildings B．respect people’s feelings for historical buildings C．put things in a different place D．choose new architectural style 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain why people dislike change. B．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. C．To warn that we could end up living in caves. D．To make a comparison between modern buildings and historic buildings. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者论证了在历史文化地区兴建现代化建筑物是否可取的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Not all historical buildings are attractive. (并不是所有的历史建筑都有吸引力)”可知，作者说有些建筑不吸引人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据由文章第三段中“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too. (确实，有一些新建筑的例子破坏了它们所在的地区，但一些老建筑也是如此。)”可知，作者认为有一些新建筑的例子破坏了它们所在的地区。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段中“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. (如果我们总是复制以前的东西，我们都会仍然生活在洞穴里。因此，我反对复制以前的建筑风格。选择一些新鲜和不同的东西。尽管这可能是更危险的选择)”可知，作者认为建筑师和规划师有责任推动事物向前发展，即选择新的建筑风格，所以“move things forward”意思是“选择新的建筑风格”。A. destroy old buildings破坏旧建筑；B. respect people’s feelings for historical buildings尊重人们对历史建筑的感情；C. put things in a different place把东西放在不同的地方；D. choose new architectural style选择新的建筑风格。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“In my view, new architectural styles can exist (存在) perfectly well alongside an older style. (在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存)”以及第四段中“Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. (因此，我反对复制以前的建筑风格，选择一些新鲜和不同的东西，尽管这可能是更危险的选择)”可知，本文主要讨论了是否可以在历史文化地区，兴建现代化建筑物的问题。而作者对此持支持态度。通读全文推知，这篇文章的主要目的是论证现代建筑可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People who forgive can have their welfare affected. B．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. C．People should offer mercy to other people. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To dominate is to harm. C．To forgive is to love. D．To give is to receive. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Objective. B．Reserved. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．It takes practice to forgive. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．Forgiveness grows with time. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一话题展开，阐述了两种人性观点，探讨了原谅与人性的关系，并指出原谅能力需通过实践来发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的后两句“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (那些选择原谅的人违背了自己的本性，这对他们极为有害。在他看来，原谅者在向他人施以仁慈时，是在牺牲自己的幸福，而这些人可能随后就会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为原谅别人的人会损害自己的利益，因为他们向可能会利用他们的人表示仁慈，会影响自己的幸福。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的后两句 “Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (即使常识也强烈表明，对他人的权力欲并不能带来和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式效果如何呢？)”可推知，这里以奴隶制为例，说明想要支配他人的意愿不利于和谐的互动，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐的模式效果并不好，即支配他人会带来伤害。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. (从我们作为人类是谁的第二个视角来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理及心理完整性方面起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是仇恨的减少与和谐的恢复)”和第二句“Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. (宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环)”以及最后一句“Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (宽恕可以修复关系，让人与人重新建立联系)”可知，作者认为原谅在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面起着关键作用，能减少仇恨、恢复和谐、打破愤怒的循环、修复关系、重新连接人与人。由此推知，作者对原谅持支持的态度。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的后两句“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (我们并非生来就具备宽恕的能力，而是拥有学习宽恕并提升宽恕能力的潜力。宽恕的实际行动，即在冲突情境中真正地宽恕他人，是通过实践培养出来的)”可知，我们不是生来就有原谅的能力，它是需要通过实践来发展的。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东省·期中）Shortly after a 6.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Dingri county in Southwest China’s Xizang autonomous region on Jan 7, Air China, the nation’s flag carrier, took action to supply necessary airlift assistance, ensuring that key personnel and supplies quickly reached the most heavily affected areas. About five and a half hours after the earthquake, Air China’s CA4431 flight landed at Dingri Airport. It was the first flight to arrive in the county after the disaster (灾害), carrying relief (救济) personnel and supplies. Over the following two days, the airline continued its support by transporting rescue teams and relief supplies, including medicine, to the disaster zone and its vicinity. On the morning of Jan 8, a disaster relief flight, CA049, flew 42 airport support personnel from Lhasa, the capital city of the Xizang autonomous region, to Dingri to provide support for rescue operations. Later that day, in response to a request from the China Foundation for Rural Development to transport disaster relief supplies, Air China established a green channel for the task and worked overnight to organize operations and adjust aircraft capacity (能力). On Jan 9, flight CA4401 transported 6 metric tons of tents provided by the foundation from Chengdu, the capital city of Southwest China’s Sichuan province, to Lhasa. The tents were handed over to the local government upon arrival and then sent to the disaster-stricken area. Air China immediately started its emergency response plan and set up a task force concentrating on relief efforts following the earthquake. The task force focused on arranging rescue flights, managing flight changes and cancellations, and preparing critical supplies such as meals and oxygen bottles, according to the company. The airline increased its capacity for transporting relief supplies by using larger aircraft. Additionally, special policies were introduced for flights to the Xizang autonomous region, and relevant information was made available on the airline’s official website, mobile application, and WeChat mini-program. The earthquake hit Dingri county at 9:05 am on Jan 7 from a depth of 10 kilometers. 1．What does the underlined word “vicinity” in the second paragraph mean? A．The safe areas. B．The surrounding areas. C．The central areas. D．The shopping areas. 2．What did flight CA4401 send to the region hit by the earthquake? A．Some medicine. B．Some oxygen bottles. C．A large number of tents. D．A large quantity of food supplies. 3．How did Air China improve its capacity for carrying relief goods? A．By sending bigger airplanes. B．By making use of more helicopters. C．By using airports closer to the region for takeoff. D．By arranging for airplanes to fly to the region more frequently. 4．What can be the best title for the news report? A．6.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Dingri county. B．Air China introduces policies for flights to Xizang. C．Relief efforts strengthened by Air China’s support. D．First flight arrives in Dingri country after earthquake. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国国航在西藏丁日县发生 6.8 级地震后，迅速采取行动，为灾区提供空运援助，包括运送救援人员、物资等，以及介绍了国航在此次救援行动中的具体举措。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Over the following two days, the airline continued its support by transporting rescue teams and relief supplies, including medicine, to the disaster zone and its vicinity. (在接下来的两天里，该航空公司继续提供支持，向灾区及其vicinity运送救援队和包括药品在内的救援物资。)”可知，向灾区及其周边地区运送救援队和包括药品在内的救援物资。“vicinity”指的是灾区附近的地区，即周边地区。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“On Jan 9, flight CA4401 transported 6 metric tons of tents provided by the foundation from Chengdu, the capital city of Southwest China’s Sichuan province, to Lhasa. The tents were handed over to the local government upon arrival and then sent to the disaster-stricken area. (1 月 9 日，CA4401 航班将基金会提供的 6 吨帐篷从成都运往拉萨。帐篷一抵达就移交给当地政府，然后被送往灾区。)”可推知，CA4401 航班给地震灾区送去了大量帐篷。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The airline increased its capacity for transporting relief supplies by using larger aircraft. (该航空公司通过使用更大的飞机来提高运输救援物资的能力。)”可知，国航通过派遣更大的飞机来提高运载救援物资的能力。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。短文主要讲述了中国国航在西藏丁日县发生 6.8 级地震后，迅速采取行动，为灾区提供空运援助，包括运送救援人员、物资等，以及介绍了国航在此次救援行动中的具体举措。所以短文的最佳标题为“中国国航的支持加强了救灾工作”。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·广州市荔湾区第一中学·期中）A new coffee shop in New York lets its customers help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in every cup! This is the first coffee shop by Cafe Joyeux, which is based in Europe. They hi re individuals with IDD, providing valuable training and employment opportunities and empowering them along the way. Café Joyeux was founded in France in response to the alarming fact that over 8 million people with IDD face an 80% unemployment rate. The coffee shop aims to fight against this inequality by not only providing inclusive employment but also leading the way in promoting workplace inclusion more broadly. The story started on a sailing boat in Brittany, France, where Captain Yann Bucaille-Lanzerac, a successful businessman, shared his passion for sailing with passengers of all abilities. During a trip, Theo, a young man with IDD, asked Yann for a job. Yann hesitated, saying it was complicated, leaving Theo silent. This encounter led to the creation of Café Joyeux, employing and training people with mental and cognitive (认知的) disabilities, which has since expanded to over 19 locations across Europe. In early 2024, the first American Cafe Joyeux opened in New York City. Bucaille-Lannezac and his wife, Lydwine Bucaille, founders of Café Joyeux, employed 169 team members with disabilities. They believed their employees could provide excellent products and services, and stressed the significance of equal rights and fair treatment in the workplace. They started by empowering their employees and reinvesting 100% of their profits to further this mission, both within and outside their cafés. Early supporters, like Giovana Mullins, have praised the coffee shop Café Joyeux for its welcoming atmosphere. “As a customer walking in, even if you don’t know what this coffee shop is all about, you will feel the energy and the joy,” she said. 1．What problem does Café Joyeux aim to address? A．The high pricing of coffee. B．The expansion of European powers. C．The unemployment of people with IDD． D．The unreasonable limitations on sailing. 2．What brought about the idea for Café Joyeux? A．A job request on a boat. B．A public awareness campaign. C．A well-known sailing race. D．A discussion among customers. 3．What do we know about the employees with IDD in Café Joyeux? A．They serve as volunteers. B．They receive equal treatment. C．They are gifted in storytelling. D．They have to finish complicated tasks. 4．What does Giovana Mullins think of Café Joyeux? A．It needs to improve its services. B．It deserves more funds. C．It is poorly managed. D．It is satisfactory. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。纽约一家新开的咖啡店Café Joyeux可以让顾客在每一杯咖啡里帮助智力和发育障碍（IDD）患者，文章对这家连锁咖啡店进行了详细报道。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Café Joyeux was founded in France in response to the alarming fact that over 8 million people with IDD face an 80% unemployment rate.(超过800万的IDD患者面临着80%的失业率，这一令人震惊的事实使Café Joyeux在法国成立。)”可知，Café Joyeux的目的是解决IDD患者的失业问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句到最后一句“During a trip, Theo, a young man with IDD, asked Yann for a job. Yann hesitated, saying it was complicated, leaving Theo silent. This encounter led to the creation of Café Joyeux, employing and training people with mental and cognitive (认知的) disabilities, which has since expanded to over 19 locations across Europe.(在一次旅行中，西奥，一个患有IDD的年轻人，向扬要一份工作。扬犹豫了一下，说这很复杂，这让西奥沉默。这次邂逅促成了Café Joyeux的创立，它雇佣和培训有精神和认知障碍的人，后来扩展到欧洲的19个地方。)”可知，一次船上的工作申请促成了Café Joyeux这一想法。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They believed their employees could provide excellent products and services, and stressed the significance of equal rights and fair treatment in the workplace.(他们相信他们的员工可以提供优秀的产品和服务，并强调在工作场所平等权利和公平待遇的重要性。)”可知，Café Joyeux中的IDD患者员工受到平等的对待。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Early supporters, like Giovana Mullins, have praised the coffee shop Café Joyeux for its welcoming atmosphere.(乔瓦娜·穆林斯等早期支持者称赞了Café Joyeux热情的氛围。)”可知，乔瓦娜·穆林斯认为Café Joyeux很令人满意。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 —— 心理健康与情绪管理 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）Gratitude is a powerful tool for transforming negative attitudes and fostering a more positive outlook on life. Rooted in the simple act of recognizing and appreciating the good in our lives, gratitude has profound psychological, emotional, and social benefits. Gratitude can significantly improve mental health. When individuals focus on what they are thankful for, they tend to less dwell on negative thoughts and feelings. Studies have shown that practicing gratitude can decrease symptoms of being depressed and anxious. This shift in focus can help reframe one’s mindset, promoting a more positive outlook.   Emotionally, gratitude fosters a sense of well-being and contentment. By acknowledging the positive aspects of life, people can have less feelings of envy, resentment, and regret. This emotional shift can lead to increased happiness and satisfaction. Furthermore, gratitude helps individuals build emotional strength, enabling them to better cope with stress and adversity. On a social level, gratitude strengthens relationships. Expressing appreciation to others enhances social bonds and fosters a sense of community. When people feel valued and acknowledged, they are more likely to reciprocate (回报), creating a positive cycle of kindness and support. This can lead to deeper, more meaningful connections with others. Integrating gratitude into our life on a daily basis is relatively simple but requires consistency (始终如一). Keeping a gratitude journal, where one writes down things they are thankful for each day, is a practical way to cultivate this habit. Another effective practice is expressing gratitude directly to others, whether through a heartfelt note, a verbal “thank you”, or a small act of kindness. Most importantly, scan your thoughts. Do they showcase negativity or scarcity? If so, stop. Consider something for which you are grateful in that moment. That thought will begin a shift in your awareness. Do it again. By the third grateful thought, you will be likely to have many more that naturally follow. You have now shifted your thinking from negative to positive, and as you stay in that flow, your mood will shift too. Gratitude is a simple yet powerful practice, which holds the potential to transform lives and cultivate a more positive, fulfilling existence. 1．What does the underlined phrase “dwell on” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Run into. B．Protest against. C．Reflect on. D．Settle for. 2．What is the benefit of performing gratitude? A．Curing psychological diseases. B．Increasing financial stability. C．Avoiding stress and adversity. D．Strengthening personal interaction. 3．What is a suggested method to carry out gratitude in daily life? A．Noting down a thankfulness diary. B．Giving away delicate notes. C．Writing down detailed thoughts. D．Focusing on small acts. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．People should stop considering things when feeling negative. B．People should never switch to negative thinking flow. C．The negative thoughts will naturally follow positive thoughts. D．The practice of gratitude could generate satisfaction. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要指出感恩能减少负面思维、增强幸福感和人际关系，对心理、情感及社交层面产生积极影响，并建议通过写感恩日记或表达感谢来培养感恩。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“Studies have shown that practicing gratitude can decrease symptoms of being depressed and anxious. This shift in focus can help reframe one’s mindset, promoting a more positive outlook. (研究表明，练习感恩可以减少抑郁和焦虑的症状。这种注意力的转移可以帮助重塑一个人的心态，促进一个更积极的前景)”可知，练习感恩可以减弱抑郁和焦虑这样负面的情绪，让人变得积极，因此关注感激的事物可以让人不再纠结于消极想法和情绪，画线部分意思应该是“纠结于，细想”，与Reflect on“反思，考虑”意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“On a social level, gratitude strengthens relationships. Expressing appreciation to others enhances social bonds and fosters a sense of community. (在社交层面，感恩能强化人际关系。向他人表达感激会增强社会联系，培养集体归属感)”可知，表达感恩的好处是加强人际交往。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Keeping a gratitude journal, where one writes down things they are thankful for each day, is a practical way to cultivate this habit. (写感恩日记，记下每天让自己感恩的事情，是培养这种习惯的一种实用方法)”可知，作者建议通过记感恩日记在日常生活中表达感恩。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You have now shifted your thinking from negative to positive, and as you stay in that flow, your mood will shift too. Gratitude is a simple yet powerful practice, which holds the potential to transform lives and cultivate a more positive, fulfilling existence. (你现在已经把你的想法从消极转变为积极，当你保持这种状态时，你的情绪也会改变。感恩是一种简单而有力的实践，它有可能改变生活，培养更积极、更充实的生活)”可知，感恩练习能引发积极情绪，让人去过更积极、更充实的生活，因此作者是在暗示练习感恩可以产生满足感。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东省清远市清远市第三中学·期中）Around 1,500 endangered and rare languages are at a high risk of being lost in the next century, according to a study published on Thursday in Nature Ecology and Evolution. The study found that around half of the world’s 7,000 documented languages are endangered. It also found that greater road density was associated with higher risk of endangerment. “It’s as if roads are helping dominant languages overwhelm other smaller languages,” co-author and professor at the Australian National University Lindell Bromham said in a press release. Greater endangerment was also associated with higher average years of schooling, suggesting that formal education contributes to loss of language diversity. “Mainstream education in a dominant language can lead to loss of competence in minority languages. We urgently need to invest in bilingual (双语的) education and develop programs that allow communities to bring their heritage language into schools, to make sure the language stays strong and is passed on to future generations,” Bromhall told CBS News. The study found that unless there is intervention (干预), the world could lose at least one language per month, with language loss three times more in the next 40 years. The authors recommended “urgent investment” in community-based programs like bilingual education programs and language documentation. And some of the recommendations that experts made 20 years ago are still the same: governments should remove bans on languages and adults should encourage children to speak other languages — including their native language. “Each language is a reflection on the creativity and inventiveness of human minds, a beautiful and fascinating solution to complex communication challenges,” Bromham told CBS News. “Most importantly, for many people, language symbolizes cultural identity and belonging. Many groups mourn (悼念) the decline of unique languages and long for competency in languages no longer spoken.” 1．What was related with higher risk of language endangerment? A．Less road density. B．Unpopularity among language learners. C．Greater competence of small languages. D．Higher average years of schooling. 2．What should government do to preserve language diversity? A．Stop bans on languages. B．Create more language education programs. C．Put more investment in language research. D．Encourage people to speak other languages. 3．What do we know from the text? A．Investment is needed in bilingual education. B．Language loss results in mainstream education. C．Half of the world’s current languages are lost. D．Dominant languages are symbols of cultural identity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The causes of language loss. B．The high risk of language loss. C．The measures of language protection. D．The importance of language diversity. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。一项研究表明，约1500种濒危和珍稀语言存在着消失的高风险性。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Greater endangerment was also associated with higher average years of schooling, suggesting that formal education contributes to loss of language diversity.(更严重的濒危状态也与更高的平均受教育年限有关，这表明正规教育是语言多样性丧失的原因之一)”可知，更高的平均受教育年限与更高的语言濒危风险有关。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“governments should remove bans on languages and adults should encourage children to speak other languages — including their native language.(政府应该取消对语言的禁令，成年人应该鼓励儿童说其他语言——包括他们的母语)”可知，为了保护语言的多样性，政府部门应该取消对语言的禁令。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“We urgently need to invest in bilingual (双语的) education and develop programs that allow communities to bring their heritage language into schools, to make sure the language stays strong and is passed on to future generations,(我们迫切需要投资双语教育，开发允许群体将其传统语言带入学校的项目，确保语言保持强大，并传递给后代)”可推知，双语教育需要投资。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Around 1,500 endangered and rare languages are at a high risk of being lost in the next century, according to a study published on Thursday in Nature Ecology and Evolution.(根据周四发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的一项研究，大约1500种濒危和珍稀语言在下个世纪很有可能消失)”可知，本文主要讲述的是语言消失的高风险性。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25·广东省湛江市第二十一中学·期中）As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1．The passage begins with two questions to ________. A．introduce the main topic B．show the author’s attitude C．describe how to use the Internet D．explain how to store information 2．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 3．In transactive memory, people ________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of information C．organize information like a computer D．remember how to find the information 4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? A．We are using memory differently. B．We are becoming more intelligent. C．We have poorer memories than before. D．We need a better way to access information. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”专家们想知道，互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆，以及如何改变我们的记忆？这是本文的中心话题。因此推断，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。故选A。 2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.”可知第一组没有试着记住信息。故选C。 3． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。故选D。 4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。 主题03 人与自然 —— 健康生活与科学认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东实验中学·期中）Just about 50 years ago, needing money to support my family—my novels weren’t bestsellers—I had the idea of taking the longest train trip imaginable and writing a travel book about it. The trip was improvisational (即兴的). I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark. I set off with one small bag containing clothes, a map of Asia, a travel guidebook and some travelers’ cheques. I was often inconvenienced, sometimes threatened, now and then disturbed for bribes, occasionally laid up with food poisoning—all this vivid detail for my narrative. What I repeated in the more than four-month trip was the pleasure of the sleeping car. Writing on board the Khyber Mail to Lahore in Pakistan, “The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private, combining the best features of a cupboard with forward movement. Whatever drama is being shown in this moving bedroom is heightened by the landscape passing the window...” A train is a carrier that allows residence. I wrote The Great Railway Bazaar on my return in 1974, and it appeared to good reviews and quick sales. That’s the past. Nothing is the same. All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone. Who’d risk an Iranian train now or take a bus through Afghanistan? But I’ve been surprised by some of the more recent developments in travel. I rode on Chinese trains for a year and wrote Riding the Iron Rooster, but now China has much cleaner and swifter trains and modernized destinations. A traveler today could take the same trip I took in 1986—1987 and produce a completely different book. All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost. 1．What happened at the beginning of the author’s trip to Asia? A．He made full preparations for the trip. B．He had expected the journey to be rough. C．He organized the trip with his family’s support. D．He started the trip out of his passion for traveling. 2．Why did the author repeatedly recall the sleeping car? A．For its romantic scenery. B．For its reassuring privacy. C．For its full equipment. D．For its long distance. 3．What did the author try to convey by saying “Nothing is the same”? A．The landscape in Asia was gone. B．Train trip was no longer popular. C．He couldn’t write another bestseller. D．Transportation and travel had changed a lot. 4．Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Sharp tools make good work. C．Travel, truth is not the arrival card. D．The journey, not the arrival matters. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本篇是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者早年坐火车旅行并写旅行书籍的事迹，引发了作者对时代变迁和旅行的思考。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark.(我没有信用卡。我不知道我会住在哪里，也不知道这次旅行要花多长时间。我以前从未写过一本旅游书籍。我希望我的旅行不要太痛苦，尽管这显然是一次冒险。)”可知，作者并未对这个旅行做好充分的规划和打算，且准备不足，因此他期望旅途不要遭受太多苦难，由此推知，他预料到旅途的辛苦。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private(卧铺车厢的浪漫之处在于它非常私密)”可知，作者认为卧铺车厢私密性好，这是作者一再提及卧铺车厢的原因。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。该句前文“That’s the past.(那是过去的事了。)”讲到上面所讲述的有关火车的美好经历都已经是过去的事了，而该句后文内容“All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone.(所有的旅行都与时间有关。所有这些旅行都是独一无二的，不可重复的。不仅是亚洲的蒸汽火车消失了，而且大部分的和平与秩序也消失了。)”则讲到随着时间和社会的发展，旅行以及旅行方式也随之发生了变化，交通工具不一样了，和平秩序也消失了。由此可知，作者想通过“Nothing is the same”这句话表达“交通方式和旅行本身都随着时间（社会）的发展而变化了很多”这一含义。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost.(所有的旅行书籍都注明了日期。这是它们的错，它们已经过时了，它们的美德是它们保留了一些原本会丢失的过去。)”可知，在作者看来，旅行书籍具有时效性，会过时，其记录下来的旅途过程会成为一种“过去”，这反而是其值得珍惜的地方，因为过去会被遗忘，而这个对旅途过程的记录会将“过去”保存。由此可推知，作者认为旅途过程才是真正意义所在。因此，作者应是同意选项D“The journey, not the arrival matters.(重要的是旅程，而不是到达。)”的观点。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期中）“Nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050. At least 700 million of those people will require access to ear and hearing care and other rehabilitation (康复) services unless action is taken. Untreated hearing loss can have a destructive impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to maintain relationships,” said Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General. The report, launched ahead of World Hearing Day on 3 March, stressed the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent and solve hearing loss by investing (投资) and expanding access to ear and hearing care services. Investment in ear and hearing care has been shown to be worth it. Lack of accurate information about ear diseases and hearing loss often keeps people from accessing care for these conditions. Even among health-care providers, there’s often a lack of knowledge about prevention, early identification and management of hearing loss and ear diseases, preventing their ability to provide the care required. In children, almost 60% of hearing loss can be prevented through measures, such as immunization (免疫接种) for prevention and early management. In adults, noise control and safe listening together with good ear health can help maintain good hearing and reduce the potential for hearing loss. Identification is the first step in dealing with hearing loss. Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensures that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible. Once checked, early prevention is the key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing (逆转) the associated hearing loss. However, where hearing loss is irreversible, rebabilitation can ensure that those affected avoid the negative effects of bearing loss. 1．What can we learn from Dr Tedros’ words? A．Hearing loss only influences people’s physical health. B．Nearly 2.5 billion people are suffering from hearing loss. C．Untreated hearing loss can affect people’s daily life seriously. D．Nearly 700 million people can have access to hearing care now. 2．Why are health-care providers mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of doctors and nurses. B．To show the absence of awareness about prevention. C．To call on people to respect them. D．To introduce the topic of hearing loss. 3．What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs? A．Rehabilitation services can reverse hearing loss. B．Most hearing loss in children can be cured. C．It is important to prevent hearing loss and ear diseases early. D．Few ear diseases can be cured by medical and surgical treatment. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了听力损失的影响及预防措施的重要性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Untreated hearing loss can have a destructive impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to maintain relationships,” said Dr Tedros, WHO Director-General.(“未经治疗的听力损失会对人们的交流、学习和谋生能力造成破坏性影响。它还会影响人们的心理健康和维持人际关系的能力，”世界卫生组织总干事Tedros博士说。)”可知，未治疗的听力损失会严重影响人们的日常生活。故选C。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Even among health-care providers, there’s often a lack of knowledge about prevention, early identification and management of hearing loss and ear diseases, preventing their ability to provide the care required.(甚至在医疗保健提供者中，也往往缺乏对听力损失和耳病预防、早期发现和管理方面的了解，从而妨碍了他们提供所需的护理。)”可知，医疗保健提供者缺乏预防意识，因此提到他们是为了显示对预防听力损失的意识缺失。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“In children, almost 60% of hearing loss can be prevented through measures, such as immunization (免疫接种) for prevention and early management. In adults, noise control and safe listening together with good ear health can help maintain good hearing and reduce the potential for hearing loss.(在儿童中，近60%的听力损失可以通过预防措施（如免疫接种以进行预防和早期管理）来避免。在成人中，控制噪音、安全聆听以及保持良好的耳部健康有助于维持良好的听力并降低听力损失的风险。)”和最后一段“Identification is the first step in dealing with hearing loss. Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensures that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible. Once checked, early prevention is the key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing (逆转) the associated hearing loss. However, where hearing loss is irreversible, rebabilitation can ensure that those affected avoid the negative effects of bearing loss.(识别是处理听力损失的第一步。在人生的关键阶段进行临床筛查可以确保尽早发现任何听力损失和耳病。一旦检查出问题，早期预防是关键。医学和手术治疗可以治愈大多数耳病，并可能逆转相关的听力损失。然而，当听力损失不可逆时，康复服务可以确保受影响者避免听力损失带来的负面影响。)”可知，预防听力损失和耳部疾病的早期预防很重要。故选C。 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技、人际与文化传承 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent (口音) you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion - person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI - powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially harmful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere — in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the function of communication. B．To introduce the impact of AI on language. C．To share the author’s working experience. D．To stress the importance of AI on language processing. 2．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 3．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 4．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Humorous. C．Concerned. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能中语音处理技术的使用对人们沟通方式的影响。作者指出，AI语音的标准化和冷漠化正在破坏人们的沟通方式，并且我们正在将可接受的言语权力交给机器而非人类。文章呼吁人们应该要求AI系统促进个性和独特性，并要求了解AI是如何开发和使用的，因为我们都有这个权利。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.(我一生中大部分时间都在与书面和口头文字打交道。现在我是一名利用自然语言处理为人类造福的技术专家。鉴于我在人工智能(AI)领域工作，我意识到一些危险的事情正在发生。机器正在破坏我们的交流方式)”可知，作者先分享了自己在处理书面和口头文字方面的个人背景，以及作为自然语言处理技术专家的当前角色。然后，在段尾用“Machines are ruining the way we communicate.”一句将话题转移到他观察到的人工智会影响人类交流这一危险趋势上。由此推知，第一段是用于引出人工智能对语言的影响这一话题。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed.(很难将语言规范为inoffensive，因为有时我们确实会让人感到不舒服，甚至让他们生气)”中because可知，前后文有因果关系。因为我们的语言有时确实会让人们不舒服、甚至生气，所以很难规范它们，让它们“不会引起不快”。划线词与harmless同义，意为“无害的；不会引起不快的”。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness.(在现实世界中，人们不像维基百科文章那样交流。我们使用语气、幽默和面部表情。我们可以根据一个人的口音和措辞来判断他出生在哪里。人类确实是独一无二的，我们的交流方式也在不断变化。因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性)”可知，我们应该推进人工智能语音的个性化。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.(鉴于我在人工智能领域工作，我意识到一些危险的事情正在发生。机器正在破坏我们的交流方式)”、第三段“We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people.(我们用独特性和准确性来换取便利性。我们还把可接受的语言的权力交给了机器，而不是人)”和最后一段“So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this.(因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性。我们应该要求知道人工智能是如何开发的，以及用于构建人工智能的数据。因为这是我们应得的)”可推知，作者认为人工智能正在破坏我们的交流方式，让人类语言丧失了独特性和准确性，表达了对人工智能语音的担忧。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）The other day I quarreled with my good friend Alissa. I told a guy a conversation we shared, not knowing she would be so annoyed with me about it. Yes, I overstepped my boundaries (边界). But I don’t want to lose my three-year friendship with Alissa. You develop a friendship with someone, and conflict is sure to occur. Many superficial (肤浅的) friendships end up being broken after an argument because there isn’t enough depth to ensure all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement. Unfortunately, even when the friendship reaches a deeper level, conflict continues to happen and can break apart a relationship. How can this be avoided? First and foremost, talk the situation over soon after it occurs. And do it quickly! From my experience, people begin to talk about what happened while it is still fresh in their minds. One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don’t go to bed angry with each other. They always try to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it’s a fresh start. Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over, realize everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personalities. For example, you might be a leader while your friend is more of a follower. You may be disappointed with him or her for not being very decisive. Yet it is important to understand that each person is unique and needs to be appreciated. But the most challenging is resolution — be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part. Even when you think the other person is wrong, it’s not a bad thing to say, “I’m sorry you feel that way.” Use feeling words since no one can argue with your feelings. For example, “When you do this, you make me feel silly.” Resolving conflict in any friendship is not a pleasant task, but it is worth the trouble because the result on the other end is a deeper friendship. 5．What do superficial friendships and deeper ones have in common according to the paragraph 2? A．Conflict is unavoidable. B．A quarrel brings an end to them. C．Disagreement deepens friendships. D．Understanding between friends is important. 6．What do we know about the author’s parents? A．They never sleep with work undone. B．They are used to making an apology. C．Their marriage isn’t so happy as expected. D．They solve their arguments without delay. 7．Which of the following does the author think is the most challenging? A．Applying feeling words when apologizing. B．Realizing everyone needs to be appreciated. C．Accepting your followers are not so decisive. D．Being the first one to apologize for your part. 8．What’s the author’s attitude towards resolving conflicts between friends? A．Supportive. B．Unworthy. C．Troublesome. D．Cautious. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者与朋友吵架的经历，阐述了友谊中冲突不可避免，并给出避免冲突破坏友谊的方法。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“You develop a friendship with someone, and conflict is sure to occur. Many superficial (肤浅的) friendships end up being broken after an argument because there isn’t enough depth to ensure all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement. Unfortunately, even when the friendship reaches a deeper level, conflict continues to happen and can break apart a relationship. (你和某人建立了友谊，冲突肯定会发生。许多肤浅的友谊在一场争吵后就结束了，因为没有足够的深度来确保解决分歧所需的一切麻烦。不幸的是，即使友谊达到了更深的层次，冲突仍会发生，并可能破坏一段关系)”可知，无论是肤浅的友谊还是更深层次的友谊，冲突都是不可避免的。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don’t go to bed angry with each other. They always try to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it’s a fresh start. (我父母在婚姻中遵循的一条规则是，他们不会带着怒气上床睡觉。他们总是试图在事情发生的当天解决问题，这样到了早上，就是一个新的开始)”可知，作者的父母会及时解决他们之间的争执，不拖延。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But the most challenging is resolution — be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part. (但最具挑战性的是决心——在争吵中做第一个为自己道歉的人。)”可知，作者认为最具挑战性的是做第一个为自己的过错道歉的人，即首先道歉。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Resolving conflict in any friendship is not a pleasant task, but it is worth the trouble because the result on the other end is a deeper friendship. (解决任何友谊中的冲突都不是一件愉快的事情，但这是值得的，因为最终的结果是一段更深厚的友谊)”可知，作者认为解决朋友之间的冲突虽然麻烦，但能带来更深厚的友谊，所以作者对解决朋友间冲突持支持态度。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）“The arrow shot is so straight that it hits the bull’s eye. The young people will have good luck…” Dargye sang as he worked on his handmade bag. Dargye, 56, an artist who excels at traditional craftsmanship (技艺) and Tibetan folk music in Drinba village in Dragyib district, Nyingchi, Xizang autonomous region, remembers many folk songs he learned from his father and uncle. Now, it’s his turn to pass them on. “I have liked traditional songs and dances since I was a child,” said Dargye, who has four apprentices (学徒). “The songs tell the histories of our ancestors and carry our unique culture, and it’s always a lot of fun to perform these traditional songs and dances at various gatherings.” The song topics vary from archery, love, to labor and praise for the land. In addition to teaching these songs to his family members and apprentices, he also uses social media platforms such as WeChat to teach songs. His daughter, Chok Butri, also admires the folk culture. After posting a video of her daughter, Tsering Kyi, dancing on Douyin, she gained a lot of new fans on the popular short-video platform. “We are modern people living in a modern era, so it’s important and our responsibility that we use modern tools to pass on our traditional culture to make it last forever.” said Chok Butri, adding that she often posts songs and dances on WeChat and Douyin. Dargye and his fellow villagers also recreate songs, adding modern elements such as aircraft and trains to the lyrics. Besides singing and dancing, Dargye makes handicrafts decorated with Tibetan cultural elements, including various hide and hair ropes, bags made of leather and cloth, and knife sheaths. The local government encourages villagers to inherit (继承) and develop folk songs and other forms of traditional culture. Dargye’s efforts to preserve folk culture have been acknowledged by the government. In 2014, he was chosen as a county-level intangible (无形的) cultural inheritor and receives funds every year. 9．Why does Dargye want to pass the culture on? A．He wants to satisfy his interest. B．He wants to learn from the seniors. C．He wants to bring people fun. D．He wants to inherit and develop it. 10．What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Dargye’s daughter? A．To show Dargye’s influence on her. B．To show folk music’s effect on her. C．To stress the benefit of modern tools. D．To stress the popularity of folk culture. 11．Which of the following can best describe Dargye? A．Ambitious and honest. B．Talented and curious. C．Devoted and creative. D．Generous and determined. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．All efforts to protect culture are rewarded B．A craftsman inherits songs to protect culture C．An artist prefers traditional songs and dances D．Tibetan culture is being protected and passed on 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一名擅长传统工艺和藏族民间音乐的艺术家Dargye通过传承藏族歌曲保护民族文化的故事。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dargye, 56, an artist who excels at traditional craftsmanship (技艺) and Tibetan folk music in Drinba village in Dragyib district, Nyingchi, Xizang autonomous region, remembers many folk songs he learned from his father and uncle. Now, it’s his turn to pass them on. (现年56岁的Dargye是西藏自治区林芝德拉吉区德林巴村的一名擅长传统工艺和藏族民间音乐的艺术家，他记得从父亲和叔叔那里学来的许多民歌。现在，轮到他把它们传递下去了)”可知，Dargye是想继承和发展这种文化。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“His daughter, Chok Butri, also admires the folk culture. After posting a video of her daughter, Tsering Kyi, dancing on Douyin, she gained a lot of new fans on the popular short-video platform. (他的女儿Chok Butri也很欣赏民俗文化。她在抖音上发布了女儿Tsering Kyi跳舞的视频后，在这个流行的短视频平台上获得了许多新粉丝)”等内容可推知，作者提到Dargye的女儿的目的是为了显示Dargye对她的影响。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中Dargye所说“I have liked traditional songs and dances since I was a child.(我从小就喜欢传统歌舞)”和“The songs tell the histories of our ancestors and carry our unique culture, and it’s always a lot of fun to perform these traditional songs and dances at various gatherings. (这些歌曲讲述了我们祖先的历史，承载了我们独特的文化，在各种聚会上表演这些传统歌曲和舞蹈总是很有趣)”可推知，Dargye热忠于自己的民族文化；根据倒数第二段中“Dargye and his fellow villagers also recreate songs, adding modern elements such as aircraft and trains to the lyrics. (Dargye和他的村民们还重新创作歌曲，在歌词中加入了飞机和火车等现代元素)”可推知，他有创造力。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Dargye, 56, an artist who excels at traditional craftsmanship (技艺) and Tibetan folk music in Drinba village in Dragyib district, Nyingchi, Xizang autonomous region, remembers many folk songs he learned from his father and uncle. Now, it’s his turn to pass them on. (现年56岁的Dargye是西藏自治区林芝德拉吉区德林巴村的一名擅长传统工艺和藏族民间音乐的艺术家，他记得从父亲和叔叔那里学来的许多民歌。现在，轮到他把它们传递下去了)”和最后一段中“The local government encourages villagers to inherit (继承) and develop folk songs and other forms of traditional culture.(当地政府鼓励村民继承和发展民歌等传统文化)”可知，本文讲述了一名擅长传统工艺和藏族民间音乐的艺术家Dargye通过传承藏族歌曲保护民族文化的故事。由此可知，B“工匠通过传承歌曲来保护文化”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·广东省深圳市光明区光明中学·期中）Primary and secondary school learners, university students, and guests were invited on Wednesday and were treated to a colorful celebration at the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi, to mark the beginning of the year of the dragon which officially starts on Saturday. The place featured beautiful decorations with red and gold colors and lucky symbols. Visitors got an opportunity to participate in cultural experiences including painting, papercutting and pot throwing as well as experiencing Chinese cuisines like spicy hotpot, steamed stuffed buns (包子) , Chinese hamburgers, dumplings and barbecue among others. They were also treated to heartwarming performances including face-changing, lion dance, dragon dance, drumming, Chinese opera, Chinese songs and a talent show featuring Chinese traditional clothes as well as a mixture of Chinese and Kenyan fashion. Leah Muthoni, a student at the University of Nairobi lauded the Chinese cuisines served at the event, especially noodles and dumplings. She also appreciated the decorations, drawings, pictures and performances. Similar feelings were also shared by George Mwita, another student from the University of Nairobi who greatly enjoyed the pot throwing game. In his welcoming speech, Professor Stephen Kiama, the vice headmaster of the University of Nairobi who doubles up as the Kenya director of the Confucius Institute, hoped this year will be a good year of development because the Chinese dragon horns represent power and strength, while the drums represent courage and energy. Kiama said the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi has achieved a lot since its establishment in 2005, including winning the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times and pioneering the establishment of the Bachelor of Arts in the Chinese language in Kenya. “Last year, with the joint efforts of the various parties and stakeholders we established the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya and we admitted the first group of students,” he said. Kiama hopes that this year the Confucius Institute will gain more force with the blessing of power, courage and vitality from the year of the Chinese dragon. He said the Confucius Institute offers a good platform for cultural exchange between China and Kenya through events like the Chinese Lunar Year celebrations. Kiama hoped that the relationship between China and Kenya would further be strengthened by the blessings of the year of the dragon. In Chinese methodology (方法论) , the dragon has the power to control seasons, time and harvests, and it’s seen as a symbol of wealth. The Chinese consider dragons to be powerful. sympathetic, wise, kind and warm. 13．What is spoken of as one of the cultural experiences the visitors participated in? A．Tasting Chinese cuisines. B．Writing with brushes. C．Reciting Chinese poems. D．Guessing lantern riddles. 14．Which can replace the underlined word “lauded” in Paragraph 3? A．Mixed. B．Praised. C．Delivered. D．Sold. 15．What is the fact about the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi? A．It has the biggest number of students in Africa. B．George Mwita is one of the Chinese teachers there. C．It has won the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times. D．They set up the first bachelor of education in Chinese in Kenya in 2005. 16．What is the best title for the news report? A．Kiama considers dragons to be powerful and sympathetic B．Confucius Institute offers good platform for cultural exchange C．Kiama wishes year of dragon good for development of Confucius Institute D．Confucius Institute at University of Nairobi marks year of dragon celebrations 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了内罗毕大学孔子学院举办的庆祝中国龙年的多彩活动，吸引了中小学生、大学生和来宾参加。活动包括文化体验、品尝中国美食、欣赏表演等，旨在加强中肯文化交流，促进孔子学院的发展。 13．细节理解题，根据第二段中“Visitors got an opportunity to participate in cultural experiences including painting, papercutting and pot throwing as well as experiencing Chinese cuisines like spicy hotpot, steamed stuffed buns (包子) , Chinese hamburgers, dumplings and barbecue among others. They were also treated to heartwarming performances including face-changing, lion dance, dragon dance, drumming, Chinese opera, Chinese songs and a talent show featuring Chinese traditional clothes as well as a mixture of Chinese and Kenyan fashion.( 游客们有机会参与文化体验，包括绘画、剪纸和扔锅，以及体验中国美食，如麻辣火锅、包子、中国汉堡、饺子和烧烤等。他们还观看了包括变脸、舞狮、舞龙、击鼓、中国歌剧、中国歌曲在内的暖心表演，以及中国传统服装以及中国和肯尼亚时尚融合的才艺表演。)”可知，游客们有机会参与文化体验，包括绘画、剪纸和扔锅，以及体验中国美食，如麻辣火锅、包子、中国汉堡、饺子和烧烤等。因此游客参与的文化体验之一是品尝到中国的美食。故选A。 14．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的宾语“…the Chinese cuisines served at the event, especially noodles and dumplings.(……活动上的中国菜，尤其是面条和饺子。)”以及划线词后面的句子“She also appreciated the decorations, drawings, pictures and performances. (她也鉴赏了装饰、绘画、图片和表演。)”可知，Leah Muthoni在欣赏中国装饰、绘画、图片和表演的同时也称赞了活动上的中国菜，尤其是面条和饺子。此处appreciate与划线词构成并列，故划线词与必选项“Praised.(赞扬)”为同义词。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Kiama said the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi has achieved a lot since its establishment in 2005, including winning the Confucius Institute of the Year Award seven times and pioneering the establishment of the Bachelor of Arts in the Chinese language in Kenya. (基亚马说，内罗毕大学孔子学院自2005年成立以来，取得了许多成就，七次获得“年度孔子学院奖”，并在肯尼亚率先设立了中文文学学士学位。)”可知，内罗毕大学孔子学院曾七次获得“年度最佳孔子学院奖”。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Primary and secondary school learners, university students, and guests were invited on Wednesday and were treated to a colorful celebration at the Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi, to mark the beginning of the year of the dragon which officially starts on Saturday.( 周三，内罗毕大学孔子学院邀请中小学生、大学生和嘉宾参加了一场丰富多彩的庆祝活动，以庆祝周六正式开始的龙年的开始。)”以及通读全文，文章主要报道了内罗毕大学孔子学院举办的庆祝龙年活动。D选项“Confucius Institute at University of Nairobi marks year of dragon celebrations(内罗毕大学孔子学院庆祝龙年)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 —— 成长体验与人生感悟 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·广东茂名·期中）When it was my thirteenth birthday, I was overjoyed that the moment has come for me to become a teenager. I would be given more responsibility and freedom. My writing skills would strengthen and become sharper (鲜明的). To me, the experience of being a teenager excited me. I was so focused on the pleasures that I almost forgot my sister’s warning. I didn’t understand at first, but realized later what she meant. As a teen, you — and probably many others — love the sweets teenhood brings. You are given more freedom from your parents. You can actually have some privacy with the freedom you have. The talents you have start to strengthen and become sharp. Also, you can get a job and earn your own money. Of course, you have to do so when your parents allow you to. As I said before, being a teenager isn’t all happy and fun. Adults place higher expectations on you as you get older. The peer pressure starts to kick in. As you start to gain friends, you lose friends as well. The mood swings (情绪波动) come and go. To make matters worse, you receive more homework. That’s terrible! All in all, teen life can be really stresstul. With so many things going on, a teenager can hardly breathe! I, for one, can tell from experience that teenhood can really be a disappointment, with no fun at all. And then, it can be heaven (天堂). That is just the way life goes. 17．What did the author’s sister probably warn? A．Every coin has two sides. B．It is never too old to learn. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Rome wasn’t built in a day. 18．What does teenage life mean to the author? A．Poorer understanding. B．More friends. C．Less freedom. D．Sharper talents. 19．What’s the worse thing teenagers will experience according to the text? A．Endless homework. B．Lack of money. C．High expectations. D．Bad mood. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards teenage life? A．Favourable. B．Relaxed. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者对于青少年生活的看法和体验，认为青少年生活既有甜蜜的一面，也有压力和困扰。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To me, the experience of being a teenager excited me. I was so focused on the pleasures that I almost forgot my. sister’s warning. I didn’t understand at first, but realized later what she meant.”（对我来说，青少年时期的经历让我很兴奋。我太专注于享乐了，差点忘了姐姐的警告。起初我不明白，但后来明白了她的意思。）、第二段中的“As a teen, you — and probably many others — love the sweets teenhood brings.”（作为一个十几岁的孩子，你——可能还有其他许多人——喜欢青春期带来的甜蜜。）、第三段中“As I said before, being a teenager isn’t all happy and fun.”（正如我之前所说的，青少年并不总是快乐和有趣的。）以及最后一段中“I, for one, can tell from experience that teenhood can really be a disappointment, with no fun at all. And then, it can be heaven (天堂). That is just the way life goes.”（就我个人而言，我的经验告诉我，青少年生活真的是令人失望的，一点乐趣都没有。然后，它可以是天堂。这就是生活的方式。）可知，作者后来在亲自体验了青少年生活后理解了姐姐的意思——青少年生活既有好处也有坏处——事物都具有两面性。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The talents you have start to strengthen and become sharp.”（你的才能开始增强并变得更加敏锐。）可推知，对于作者来说，青少年生活意味着才能得到提升和锐化。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To make matters worse, you receive more homework. That’s terrible!”（更糟糕的是，你会收到更多的作业。那真是太糟糕了！）可推知，作者认为青少年经历的最糟糕的事情无尽的作业。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I, for one, can tell from experience that teenhood can really be a disappointment, with no fun at all. And then, it can be heaven (天堂). That is just the way life goes.”（就我个人而言，我的经验告诉我，青少年生活真的是令人失望的，一点乐趣都没有。然后，它可以是天堂。这就是生活的方式。）可知，作者对青少年生活既有积极的看法，也有消极的看法，因此，作者对青少年生活的态度是客观的。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·广东广州·期中）The text from my son said it all, “Dad, there’s an article you were born to write that the world is finally ready for: Bring Back the Handkerchief (手帕)!” As my son knows, there’s no “bring back” for me. For me, the handkerchief never left. My mother raised me with several fixed rules. One was that a gentleman always has a clean handkerchief in his right rear pocket, a piece of simple cotton, roughly 15 inches square and less than four inches when folded. I was a dutiful son, but as a child, I had been wondering what it was there for. After 60 years, my body weight now feels wrong if I’m heading out of the house with an empty back pocket. I am sure this habit has sometimes struck friends but in polite company nobody comments on somebody else’s business. Children like my kids think of my hankie ridiculously old-fashioned and they have their arguments. If you have to be prepared every day for allergies or a cold, why not choose a little packet of tissues (纸巾), which saves you from that disgusting business of blowing your nose in the thing and then stuffing it back in your pants? I understand their point. But a handkerchief is more durable and has a far wider variety of uses. Can you grab the handle of a pot that’s boiling over with a Tempo tissue? Or do you recall the cases of skinned knees and drippy noses that hankie wiped? In fact, my wife gave me several new handkerchiefs as gifts. Neither of us can count the number of times she wiped her tears at a movie, or, as it happens, she’s needed to blow her nose. Yet not even my mother could have predicted the hankie’s new role as an Essential Public Health Appliance. All of us have learnt how hard it is to follow advice from medical experts about not touching your face. Here is an answer. Use your hankie. In case of emergency, your handkerchief can become a makeshift DIY mask that can be pulled over your lower face like a robber entering a bank. And it will certainly give me the chance to lift my chin and look at my adult children through one eye, asking in her good-hearted way, “What do you have to say now, smarty-pants?” 21．What kind of person is the author in the eye of his son? A．His father is a born writer. B．His father lost his handkerchief long ago. C．His father will bring back the handkerchief. D．His father has a habit of using handkerchief. 22．How do the younger generation like the handkerchief? A．They like it very much. B．They regard it as fashionable. C．They consider it inconvenient. D．They desire to have it someday. 23．What can be learned from the passage? A．The function of handkerchiefs has been updated. B．Handkerchiefs will be taken over by tissues sooner or later. C．The author’s wife feels embarrassed to give him a handkerchief. D．The author was made fun of by his friends for his use of handkerchiefs. 24．What’s the tone of the author in the passage? A．Bossy. B．Humorous. C．Serious. D．Critical. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章用作者使用手帕的故事来介绍手帕在新时代下的作用更新了。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“The text from my son said it all, “Dad, there’s an article you were born to write that the world is finally ready for: Bring Back the Handkerchief (手帕)!” As my son knows, there’s no “bring back” for me. For me, the handkerchief never left. (儿子发来的短信说明了一切：“爸爸，有一篇你与生俱来的文章，这个世界终于准备好了：把手帕拿回来!”我儿子知道，对我来说没有“把手帕拿回来”。对我来说，手帕从未离开过。) 可知，对于作者来说，手帕从未离开过，说明作者一直有使用手帕的习惯。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段后两句“Children like my kids think of my hankie ridiculously old-fashioned and they have their arguments. If you have to be prepared every day for allergies or a cold, why not choose a little packet of tissues (纸巾), which saves you from that disgusting business of blowing your nose in the thing and then stuffing it back in your pants? (像我的孩子们这样的孩子认为我的手帕过时得可笑，他们有他们的争论。如果你必须每天为过敏或感冒做准备，为什么不选择一小包纸巾，这样你就不用再用那个东西擤鼻涕，然后把它塞回裤子里了。)”可知，年轻人认为手帕不如纸巾方便。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第五段 “Yet not even my mother could have predicted the hankie’s new role as an Essential Public Health Appliance. All of us have learnt how hard it is to follow advice from medical experts about not touching your face. Here is an answer. Use your hankie. In case of emergency, your handkerchief can become a makeshift DIY mask that can be pulled over your lower face like a robber entering a bank. (然而，即使是我的母亲也没有预料到手帕作为一种基本公共卫生用品的新角色。我们都知道，遵循医学专家关于不触摸脸部的建议是多么困难。这里有一个答案。用你的手帕。在紧急情况下，你的手帕可以成为一个临时的DIY面具，可以像强盗进入银行一样把你的脸的下半部分遮盖起来。) ”可知，手帕之前从未承担过公共卫生用品的作用。由此可知，手帕的功能更新了，故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“In case of emergency, your handkerchief can become a makeshift DIY mask that can be pulled over your lower face like a robber entering a bank. (在紧急情况下，你的手帕可以成为一个临时的DIY面具，可以像强盗进入银行一样把你的脸的下半部分遮盖起来。)”及最后一段“And it will certainly give me the chance to lift my chin and look at my adult children through one eye, asking in her good-hearted way, “What do you have to say now, smarty-pants?” (当然，这也会让我有机会抬起下巴，用一只眼睛看着我的成年子女，用她善意的方式问：“你现在有什么要说的，自作聪明的家伙?”)”可知，作者的语言幽默。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24·广东省广州市第六中学·期中）Students to Compete in 34th National Science Bowl Thousands of students from middle and high schools across the country have committed themselves to extra study hours as they prepare to compete in the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s)34th National Science Bowl(NSB). These students are hard at work now to win their regional competitions, hoping to advance to the final competition. The first regional event will take place on January 13th with high schools from the D．C． /Maryland area. Teams will face off in a fast-paced, question-and-answer format, and their knowledge in all areas of science and mathematics will be tested. Regionals will continue weekly until mid-March. The winning team from each qualifying regional competition will be qualified to compete in the National Finals to be held in Washington, D．C． , from April 25-29, 2024, with all expenses paid by DOE. The national event consists of several days of science activities and sightseeing, along with the competitions. In the National Finals, the top two teams will earn $5, 000 for their schools’ math and science departments. Schools ranking in the top 16 will receive $1, 000 for their science departments. But to many, the ultimate prize is simply the honor of winning the National Championship. Today, the NSB annually draws more than 10, 000 middle and high school competitors. Since the first competition in 1991, approximately 344, 000 students have faced off in the NSB Finals. The 2024 competitors will follow in the footsteps of previous NSB contestants and will blaze a trail for students in science, math, and engineering. For more information, please visit the Office of Science website. 25．Which word can best describe the regional competitions? A．Fair. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Challenging 26．What can we learn about the National Finals? A．The championship victory is highly valued. B．The event only involves fierce competitions. C．Most of the expenses will be covered by DOE. D．The prize money will be awarded to individuals. 27．What is the text? A．A news release. B．A survey report. C．A learning project. D．A scientific review. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。这篇文章报道了即将举行的第34届全国科学碗比赛的相关信息，包括参赛学生的准备情况、区域赛事的日期和形式、全国总决赛的日期和地点、奖项设置等。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段“The first regional event will take place on January 13th with high schools from the D. C. /Maryland area. Teams will face off in a fast-paced, question-and-answer format, and their knowledge in all areas of science and mathematics will be tested. (第一场地区性活动将于1月13日在华盛顿特区/马里兰地区的高中举行。参赛队伍将以快节奏的问答形式进行对决，他们在所有科学和数学领域的知识都将受到考验)”可知，他们在所有科学和数学领域的知识都将受到考验，所以具有挑战性最能形容地区比赛。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In the National Finals, the top two teams will earn $5, 000 for their schools’ math and science departments. Schools ranking in the top 16 will receive $1, 000 for their science departments. But to many, the ultimate prize is simply the honor of winning the National Championship.(在全国总决赛中，前两名的队伍将为他们学校的数学和科学部门赢得5000美元。排名前16位的学校将获得1000美元的科学系奖励。但对许多人来说，最终的奖励只是赢得全国冠军的荣誉)”可知，全国总决赛冠军的胜利是非常重要的。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, the NSB annually draws more than 10, 000 middle and high school competitors. Since the first competition in 1991, approximately 344, 000 students have faced off in the NSB Finals. The 2024 competitors will follow in the footsteps of previous NSB contestants and will blaze a trail for students in science, math, and engineering. For more information, please visit the Office of Science website.(如今，NSB每年吸引超过1万名中学生和高中生参赛。自1991年首届比赛以来，大约有34.4万名学生参加了NSB决赛。2024年的参赛者将跟随以前NSB参赛者的脚步，为科学、数学和工程方面的学生开辟一条道路。欲了解更多信息，请访问科学办公室网站)”以及纵观全文可知，本文报道了即将举行的第34届全国科学碗比赛的相关信息，包括参赛学生的准备情况、区域赛事的日期和形式、全国总决赛的日期和地点、奖项设置等，所以应是一篇新闻稿。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $