2026届高考英语with复合结构用法详解讲义

2026届高考英语with复合结构用法详解讲义 高考英语语法专项复习教案 2026届高考英语 with复合结构用法详解讲义 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 结构构成 用法详解 写作运用 系统讲解 步骤明确 便于掌握 2026年高考英语复习专用 【教学目标】1. 掌握with复合结构的基本构成形式；2. 理解with复合结构在句中作状语和定语的用法；3. 能够在写作中正确运用with复合结构丰富句式。 一、with复合结构的基本概念 with复合结构是由介词with加上名词或代词，再加上补充说明成分构成的复合结构。这种结构在英语中使用广泛，可以作状语或定语，能够使句子更加简洁、生动。with复合结构是高考语法填空和写作的高频考点，掌握其用法对提高英语表达能力具有重要意义。 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 介词with + 名词/代词 + 补充说明成分（分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语） 二、with复合结构的构成形式 with复合结构的宾语补足语可以是多种形式，不同的形式表达不同的语法意义。以下是五种常见的构成形式： ▶ 1. with + 宾语 + 现在分词（doing） 当宾语补足语是现在分词时，表示宾语正在进行的主动动作，强调动作正在进行中。 1. With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了那个村庄。 2. He sat in the chair, with his eyes looking at the ceiling. 他坐在椅子上，眼睛看着天花板。 3. With night coming on, we started to feel cold. 随着夜幕降临，我们开始感到冷了。 ▶ 2. with + 宾语 + 过去分词（done） 当宾语补足语是过去分词时，表示宾语与补足语之间是被动关系，或动作已经完成。 1. With the work finished, they went home happily. 工作完成了，他们高兴地回家了。 2. He stood there, with his hands tied behind his back. 他站在那里，双手被绑在背后。 3. With the door locked, nobody could enter the room. 门锁着，没人能进入房间。 ▶ 3. with + 宾语 + 不定式（to do） 当宾语补足语是不定式时，表示将要发生的动作，通常含有“将来”或“目的”的意义。 1. With so much work to do, I can't go out with you. 有这么多工作要做，我不能和你出去。 2. With the exam to come, he felt very nervous. 考试即将来临，他感到非常紧张。 3. With no one to help him, he had to do it alone. 没有人帮他，他不得不独自做这件事。 ▶ 4. with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词 当宾语补足语是形容词或副词时，表示宾语所处的状态。形容词说明宾语的性质或状态，副词说明宾语的位置或方向。 1. He likes to sleep with the window open. 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 2. With the floor wet, we had to walk carefully. 地板是湿的，我们不得不小心行走。 3. He went out with the light on. 他出去了，灯还亮着。 ▶ 5. with + 宾语 + 介词短语 当宾语补足语是介词短语时，表示宾语的位置或状态。 1. He came in with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走了进来。 2. The teacher entered the classroom with a smile on her face. 老师面带微笑走进教室。 3. He stood there with his back against the wall. 他站在那里，背靠着墙。 三、with复合结构的句法功能 ▶ 1. 作状语 with复合结构作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等意义，是写作中丰富句式的重要手段。 ◆ 表示时间 1. With night falling, the birds returned to their nests. 夜幕降临时，鸟儿们回到了巢穴。 2. With the sun setting, the sky turned golden. 太阳落山时，天空变成了金色。 ◆ 表示原因 1. With nothing to do, he decided to take a nap. 因为无事可做，他决定小睡一会儿。 2. With the weather being so bad, we stayed at home. 因为天气这么糟糕，我们待在家里。 ◆ 表示条件 1. With more time, I could do it better. 如果有更多时间，我能做得更好。 2. With your help, I can finish the task. 有你的帮助，我能完成这项任务。 ◆ 表示方式或伴随 1. He walked along the street, with his dog following him. 他沿着街道走，他的狗跟在后面。 2. She sat there, with her head in her hands. 她坐在那里，双手抱着头。 ▶ 2. 作定语 with复合结构作定语时，放在被修饰名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 1. The girl with long hair is my sister. 那个长头发的女孩是我妹妹。（= who has long hair） 2. The house with a red roof belongs to Mr. Smith. 那座红屋顶的房子属于史密斯先生。 3. I need a man with experience to do this job. 我需要一个有经验的人来做这项工作。 四、with复合结构在写作中的运用 with复合结构是英语写作中丰富句式、增强表达效果的重要手段。合理运用with复合结构，可以使文章更加简洁、生动、地道。 ▶ 1. 替代状语从句，使句子更简洁 with复合结构可以替代when、because、if等引导的状语从句，使句子更加简洁有力。 状语从句 with复合结构 Because he had a lot of work to do, he stayed up late. With a lot of work to do, he stayed up late. When the meeting was over, everyone left. With the meeting over, everyone left. If you help me, I can succeed. With your help, I can succeed. ▶ 2. 描写场景，增强画面感 with复合结构常用于描写场景，通过列举多个细节，增强文章的画面感和感染力。 1. The old man sat on the bench, with the sun shining on his face and birds singing in the trees. 老人坐在长椅上，阳光照在他的脸上，鸟儿在树上歌唱。 2. The village lay peacefully in the valley, with smoke rising from chimneys and children playing in the fields. 村庄静静地躺在山谷中，炊烟袅袅升起，孩子们在田野里玩耍。 ▶ 3. 刻画人物，展现状态 with复合结构可以用于刻画人物的外貌、动作和状态，使人物形象更加生动。 1. He entered the room with his head bowed and his hands trembling. 他低着头，双手颤抖着走进房间。 2. She stood by the window with tears streaming down her face. 她站在窗边，泪水顺着脸颊流下。 五、使用注意事项 【常见错误与纠正】 ✓ with复合结构中的宾语补足语形式要正确：主动用doing，被动用done，将来用to do ✓ with复合结构作状语时，其逻辑主语应与主句主语一致，否则可能造成歧义 ✓ with可以省略，省略后构成独立主格结构，意义不变 ✓ 注意区分with复合结构与have sth. done结构：前者表状态，后者表动作 六、巩固练习 请用with复合结构改写下列句子： 题号 题目 1 Because he had no money, he couldn't buy the book. 2 When the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom. 3 The teacher came in. He held a book in his hand. 4 Because the door was locked, we couldn't get in. 5 He slept. The window was open. 6 She sat there. Her eyes were fixed on the screen. 【参考答案】 1. With no money, he couldn't buy the book. 2. With the bell ringing, the students rushed out of the classroom. 3. The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 4. With the door locked, we couldn't get in. 5. He slept with the window open. 6. She sat there with her eyes fixed on the screen. 七、课堂小结 【核心要点回顾】 ✓ with复合结构基本形式：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ✓ 五种补足语形式：doing（主动进行）、done（被动完成）、to do（将来）、adj./adv.（状态）、介词短语（位置状态） ✓ 句法功能：作状语（时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随）和定语 ✓ 写作运用：替代状语从句、描写场景、刻画人物 — — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $