Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Reading and Thinking 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning Objectives To know about the climate change and summarize the main idea of each paragraph; To learn about the “greenhouse effect” and create a diagram describing how it works; To analyse the consequences of climate change and enhance the awareness of environmental protection. Lead-in： Look at the picture and graph below. What is it about? The global surface temperature is becoming higher and higher. Why? Because of the global warming. Lead-in： What other consequences may global warming bring about? Lead-in： What other consequences may global warming bring about? Global warming Ocean Acidification Problems for Agriculture Loss of Biodiversity More Extreme Weather Melting Ice and Rising Seas Risks to Human Health Pre-reading： CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION evidence evidence/ consequence Climate Change Requires The World’s Attention Pre-reading： What kind of reading passage is it? How do you know? Expository text (说明文) In expository writing, authors frequently incorporate graphs or diagrams sourced from scientific research reports and other credible references to persuade their readers. Pre-reading： What is the graph about? What information can you get from it? The graph illustrates a clear long-term warming trend in global surface temperatures from 1920 to 2016, with the rate of warming accelerating significantly after 1980. Global warming 平均气温距平值 年份 Fast Reading 1.Read for information from the graph. The graph illustrates a clear long-term warming trend in global surface temperatures from 1920 to 2016 Temperature Anomaly(n.异常) with the rate of warming accelerating significantly after 1980. The global surface temperature is becoming higher and higher.. While-reading： the main idea of each part. Supporters Say 2023/09/08 Part 1: (para.1-2 ) The evidence of dramatic climate change that had an impact on Earth’s ecology Part 2:(para. 3) The causes of the increase in the global average surface temperature Part 3: (para. 4) The consequences of the rise in temperature Part 4: (para. 5) The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. phenomenon/evidence causes consequence solutions While-reading： Read for the development of the passage. 本文按照“现象—原因—危害—措施”的逻辑顺序展开，环环相扣，步步深入。标题Climate Change Requires the World’s Attention点明了作者的诉求：气候变化对地球生态系统的影响是巨大的，需要全人类共同关注和面对。文本以现在时态和将来时态为主，强调文章的现实意义及对将来不利后果的预测。 Problem Example Causes Influences solutions While-reading： Reading for the details. We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. Para 1. 我们知道气候变化已经有几十年了。毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。变暖的海洋和大气以及融化的冰和上升的海平面为全球气候的巨大变化提供了证据。 problem The earth is getting warmer and warmer Evidence1:a warming ocean and atmosphere Evidence2: melting ice Evidence3: rising sea levels climate change starvation longer food-seeking travel lack of food low sea-ice levels The following reasons account for the death of the polar bear, with one influencing another. Put them in a correct logical order. What is the root cause? 16 In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was "skin and bones". An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. While-reading： Para 2. Reading for the details. 2013年，很多人被一张在挪威北极斯瓦尔巴特群岛发现的死亡北极熊的新闻照片震惊了。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家称，北极熊只剩下“皮包骨”。一名研究北极熊多年的专家表示，从其尸体的位置来看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的低海冰水平意味着北极熊不能像以前一样捕猎海豹，所以它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。这个令人震惊的案例显示了气温上升对地球生态的影响。 In P2.2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was "skin and bones". An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. Time place What How 2013 Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard A bear appeared to have starved and died low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before The example of the increase in temperature that had an impact on Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the "greenhouse effect", which has two common meanings: the "natural" greenhouse effect and the "man-made" greenhouse effect. The "natural" greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the "man-made" greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个常见的含义:“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应是指太阳的热量进入大气层，以短波辐射的形式加热地球表面。热量以更长的波长被释放回太空。大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收了部分热量，保持了地球温暖适宜居住的气候。没有这个过程，地球无法维持生命。然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被截留在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。 While-reading： Para 3. The cause of the increase in the global average surface temperature Definition: heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation. Definition: People produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases. Natural greenhouse effect Man-made greenhouse effect Function: keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable A big problem: Causing Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. Greenhouse Effect 20 A. Heat enters the atmosphere B. Reflected sunlight D . Heat reflected back to earth’ surface C. Heat released back into space Find out how the greenhouse effect works There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Para 4. 有强有力和全面的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人命损失。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去，并将付出更高的代价。事实上，关于极端暴雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道经常播出。 The consequences of the rise in temperature While-reading： While-reading： Reading for the details. extreme rainstorms, heat waves extreme weather and natural disasters The rise in temperature serious damage and human lives Lead to cause Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? Para 5. While-reading： 持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重的问题。那你会怎么帮忙呢？ The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions While-reading： Reading for the details. Solutions Governments make policies take appropriate actions and measures Individuals reduce our “carbon footprint” by… educate everyone about global warming While-reading： Tip: Benefit of using diagrams Diagrams are very useful tools that can be used to brainstorm ideas, map out processes, show cause and effect relationships, explain a new idea or concept, and so on. When you read an essay about scientific issues, you can try drawing a diagram, which will not only allow you to visualise the problems more clearly but also can help demonstrate your creative thinking and problem-solving. While-reading： Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed. — Mohandas K. Gandhi Such as shelter, air, food, water and the means to do something productive and meaningful. Greed is a desire that can never be satisfied. Needs mean all basic living things The quote is used here to suggest that consumption powered by greed is a prime cause of environmental degradation (环境恶化). Over logging, polluted water resources … Post-reading： What examples of extreme weather and disasters do you know? Post-reading： Extend the mind map based on the passage to show the following aspects of global warming: Global warming phenomena causes effects solutions Global warming Phenomena a rise in temperature; a warming ocean and atmosphere; melting ice and rising sea levels; the starved polar animals. Causes “man-made” greenhouse effect continued greenhouse gas emissions by burning fossil fuels effects an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters; deaths and economic losses; loss of habitat and wildlife extinction. solutions Individuals: restrict the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce;: educate the public. Governments make policies; take measures to reduce emissions. Post-reading： What should we do in daily life to reduce “carbon footprint”? 2023/09/08 Switch to Energy-Efficient Appliances Unplug Idle Electronics How to reduce “carbon footprint”? Optimize Heating and Cooling Adopt Renewable Energy 2023/09/08 How to reduce “carbon footprint”? Shorten Showers; Fix Leaks Promptly. Use Water-Efficient Fixtures; 2023/09/08 How to reduce “carbon footprint”? Ditch Single-Use Plastics; Reduce, Reuse, Recycle; Go Paperless. Summary A better understanding of climate change Climate change pheomenon extreme weather natural disasters Evidence Causes Greenhouse effect natural greenhouse effect man-made greenhouse effect Solutions government individuals Language Points 36 Important sentences (P26 ~ P27) 1. There is little doubt ______ Earth is getting warmer and warmer. (P26) that 毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。 句子结构分析 There is little doubt that...：这是一个固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”或“……是毫无疑问的”。其中，“little”在这里表示否定含义，相当于“几乎没有”。 that Earth is getting warmer and warmer：这是由“that”引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明“doubt”的具体内容。 Important sentences (P26 ~ P27) 重点词汇与短语 There is little doubt that...：固定搭配，用于表达强烈的肯定语气，表示某事是显而易见或毋庸置疑的。 get warmer and warmer：意为“变得越来越暖和”，是“get + 比较级 + and + 比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”。 语法点 同位语从句：句子中的“that Earth is getting warmer and warmer”是同位语从句，其作用是对前面的名词“doubt”进行解释和说明，使句子的意思更加完整和明确。 比较级的叠加使用：“warmer and warmer”是形容词比较级的重复使用，用来强调程度的逐渐加深，这种结构在英语中很常见，例如：“bigger and bigger”（越来越大）、“more and more beautiful”（越来越漂亮）。 Important sentences (P26 ~ P27) 句式分析 同位语从句：大多由从属连词_____引导,常常跟在order, report, wish, decision, suggestion, belief, doubt, fact, hope, message, news等抽象名词的____，一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容。 that 引导的从句 that heat from the sun... 跟在名词 the fact 后面，用来具体解释这个 fact 到底是什么内容。 2. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact _____ heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short- wave radiation. (P26 ~ P27) that 后面 that “天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。 Important sentences (P26 ~ P27) 辨析（易混点）： ○ 同位语从句：that 仅起连接作用，无实义，且不能省略。它说明“事实的内容”。 ○ 定语从句：如果 that 在从句中充当主语或宾语（比如：The fact that he told me...），那就是定语从句。 2. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact _____ heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short- wave radiation. (P26 ~ P27) that “天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。 3. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. (P26) Important sentences (P26) 海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 A. 并列结构与修饰 主语部分其实可以拆分为两个部分的并列： A warming ocean and atmosphere (变暖的海洋和大气) along with melting ice and rising sea levels (连同融化的冰川和上升的海平面) 这里的 melting 和 rising 都是现在分词作定语，修饰名词，表示“正在融化”和“正在上升”。 语法难点解析 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P26) B. "Provide evidence of" vs "Evidence that" 这句话用的是 provide evidence of + 名词 的结构。 例句结构： provide evidence of a change (提供变化的证据)。 对比结构： 也可以用 provide evidence that + 句子。 例： The data provides evidence that the climate is changing. (数据证明气候正在变化。) 语法难点解析 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P26) 4. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (P26) Important sentences (P26) 一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只像是饿死的。 核心语法点：定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 结构： who has studied polar bears for many years 功能： 这是一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 An expert。 分析： 它限定了是“哪位专家”——即“一位研究了北极熊很多年的专家”。 时态： 从句中使用了现在完成时 (has studied)，强调动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续下去，突出了专家的资历和经验。 Important sentences (P26) 核心语法点：定语从句 (Attributive Clause) He seems to have caught a cold. She pretended to have read the book. He is said to have written a new book. I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot. Important sentences (P26) 5. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. (P26) caused by climate change 在句中作____________。 句式分析 Important sentences (P26) 后置定语 专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。 Important sentences (P27) 6. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. (P27) 大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体吸收了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。(P27) 同位语 (Appositive) such as methane and carbon dioxide 是一个非常实用的同位语结构。它紧跟在名词 Greenhouse gases 后面，对其进行解释和说明，让读者立刻明白抽象名词的具体内容。在写作中，灵活使用同位语可以让句子更流畅、信息更具体。 📝 核心语法点 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P27) 现在分词短语作结果状语 (Present Participle Phrase as Adverbial of Result) keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable 是本句的点睛之笔。 功能： 它表示主句动作 trap some of the heat 所带来的自然结果或影响。即：因为气体截留了热量，所以结果是地球变得温暖且宜居。 结构： keeping 是现在分词，Earth’s climate 是宾语，warm and habitable 是形容词作宾语补足语，描述宾语的状态 📝 核心语法点 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P27) 即学即用 Group activities were organised after class, (build) up children's team spirit. Heavy rain struck Guangzhou in May, (cause) people traffic problems. The universities have expanded, thus (allow) many more people the chance of higher education. Important sentences building causing allowing 7. There is strong and comprehensive evidence _____ the rise in temperature has led ___ an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also _______ (cost) human lives. (P27) that to costing Important sentences (P27) 确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。 A. 同位语从句 that 引导的从句解释了 evidence 的具体内容。值得注意的是，that 在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。 从句内部结构： 主语： the rise in temperature (温度的上升) 谓语： has led to (导致了) 宾语： an increase in... (……的增加) 核心语法点 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P27) B. 现在分词作结果状语 not only causing... but also costing... 这一结构紧跟在主句后面，表示自然而然的结果。 逻辑关系： 温度上升 →极端天气增多 → 结果是造成破坏和人员伤亡。 平行结构： not only... but also... 连接了两个并列的现在分词 causing 和 costing，保持了结构上的对称。 核心语法点 (Grammar Focus) Important sentences (P27) 8. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (P27) Language points: Important sentences (P27) 作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 A. "by + 动名词" 表示方式 句末的 by restricting... 是一个非常实用的句型，用来说明手段或方法。 结构： by + doing something 例句： We can save energy by turning off the lights. (我们可以通过关灯来节能。) 语法点解析 (Grammar Focus) 8. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (P27) Language points: Important sentences (P27) 作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 B. 动名词的复合结构 restricting 后面跟了一个很长的宾语：the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce。 注意： our lifestyles produce 是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 carbon dioxide。在口语或非正式书面语中，这个从句的关系代词（that/which）经常被省略。 语法点解析 (Grammar Focus) Reading and Thinking 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 3 Thank You ! 10 2 Read the text and answer the questions 人民教育电子音像出版社 普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第三册 238435.05 $