专题04 代词和名词（复习讲义）（浙江专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题04 代词和名词（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 代词 考点二 名词 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1. 名词：名词单复数变化（规则/不规则）、可数/不可数辨析、名词所有格（'s / of / 双重所有格）、名词作定语。 2. 代词：核心考查人称代词主格/宾格、物主代词（形容词性/名词性）的正确使用，以及不定代词（some/any/few/little/each/both）在语境中的辨析。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 代词 第71小题 第68小题 名词 第66小题 第72小题 命题预测 1. 语境化 不考孤立语法，全部在语篇、句子情景中考查 必须结合上下文意思才能确定单复数、代词指代 2. 综合化 名词 + 单复数 + 所有格 + 冠词 + 主谓一致 一起考 代词 + 人称/物主/反身/不定代词 混合考 语法填空：一空考一个知识点，但依赖整句理解 3. 生活化 选材多与日常生活、校园生活、社会热点（如环保、科技、传统文化）等相关，让学生在熟悉的情境中运用名/形/副知识。 考点一 代词 （2025·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 He believed in 71 (he) and practiced every day after classes, repeating words until they sounded perfect. 71．句意：他相信自己，每天课后坚持练习。宾语与主语为同一人称，宾语用反身代词，此处表示“他相信他自己”，himself“他自己”，故填himself。 （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 “The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 68 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?” 68．句意：“地球绕着太阳转。它转向面对太阳形成白天，转向背对太阳形成夜晚，”他的父亲说。修饰名词“father”应用he的形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填his。 人称代词&物主代词&反身代词 人称 数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人 称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人 称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 指示代词 this/these that/those 近指 This is my seat. 远指 That is your seat. / 替代已提到过的名词，避免重复，主要用于比较级 The weather in Changsha is better than that in Beijing. The days in summer are longer than those(the ones) in winter. this 打电话时，指自己。 This is Alan. that 打电话时，指对方。 Who is that speaking? this morning 今天早上 this year 今年 that morning 那天早上 that year 那年 不定代词 （1）both；all；either；any；neither；none / 都 任何 都不 两者 both either neither 三者（或以上） all any none （2）little；a little；few；a few / 可数 不可数 表肯定 a few（有一些） a little（有一点） 表否定 few（几乎没有） little（几乎没有） （3）other；the other；others；the others；another 不定代词 意义 用法说明 other 另外的(两者) 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果 前面有 the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用 the other 两者中另一个 常与 one 连用，构成“one…, the other ”；作定语修 饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的 ” others 泛指别的人或物 是 other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部）， 不能作定语，构成 some…others… the others 特指其余的人或物 是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物 another 另一个(三者或以上） 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词 复合不定代词 词缀 -one（人） -body（人） -thing（事物） 用法 some- someone somebody something ①用于肯定句 ②用于表示请求的疑问句 any- anyone anybody anything ①用于否定句&疑问句 ②表示“任何……”也可用于肯定句 no- no one nobody nothing ①no one=nobody ②nothing 回答 what 的提问 every- everyone everybody everything ①everyone=everybody 重要考点 1. 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数（如：Something is wrong with her watch.） 2. 复合不定代词被形容词或 else 修饰时，形容词和 else 要后置（如：something interesting） 3. 复合不定代词被to do 修饰时，to do 要后置（如：I don't have anything to say.） 1. 形容词性物主代词 vs 名词性物主代词（最常错） - 后面有名词 → 用 my/your/his/her/their - 后面没名词（单独作主语/宾语）→ 用 mine/yours/his/hers/theirs 坑：一空没名词，还填 my/your/their → 必错 2. 主格 vs 宾格（必错重灾区） - 作主语（动词前）→ 主格：I, he, she, we, they - 作宾语（动词/介词后）→ 宾格：me, him, her, us, them 坑：介词 of 后一定用宾格：many of us/them/him 3. 反身代词必须和主语一致 - I → myself - you → yourself/yourselves - he → himself - she → herself - we → ourselves - they → themselves 坑：主语是 we，填了 myself → 直接错 4. other / another / the other 填空必错点 - another + 单数名词：三者以上另一个 - the other：两者中的另一个 - others = other + 名词复数 - the others：剩下全部 5. few / a few / little / a little（语境坑） - few/little：否定，几乎没有 - a few/a little：肯定，有一点 - few/a few + 可数 - little/a little + 不可数 6. some & any 语境易错 - 一般：肯定用 some，疑问/否定用 any - 特殊：建议、请求、希望得到肯定回答用 some 7. it 作形式主语/形式宾语（必考） - find it + adj + to do - think it easy to… 坑：这里绝对不能填 this/that 8. 不定代词作主语，谓语一律单数 - Everyone/Someone/Anyone/Everything is… 1. We should learn to protect ______ (we) in dangerous situations. 2. The young man taught ______ (he) Japanese when he was free. 3. To ______ (we) surprise, he won first prize in the competition. 4. This wallet isn’t mine. It must be ______ (she). 5. The children enjoyed ______ (they) at the zoo last Sunday. 6. Don’t always think of ______ (you). Learn to care about others. 7. He kept the secret to ______ (he) and didn’t tell anyone. 8. My computer is broken. May I use ______ (you)? 9. The girl lost ______ (she) way on her way home. 10. No one can help you except ______ (you). 11. The teacher asked us to relax ______ (we) after the exam. 12. These books are not ours. They are ______ (they). 13. You must believe in ______ (you) if you want to succeed. 14. The old man lives alone and looks after ______ (he). 15. ______ (I) is on the desk; you can take yours. 16. They often help ______ (they) with each other’s study. 17. She learned to dress ______ (she) at the age of four. 18. This is not their classroom. ______ (they) is on the second floor. 19. We all hope ______ (we) team can win the game. 20. The boy can do the work all by ______ (he). 1.ourselves 2.himself 3.our 4.hers 5.themselves 6.yourself 7.himself 8.yours 9.her 10.yourself 11.ourselves 12.theirs 13.yourself 14.himself 15.Mine 16.themselves 17.herself 18.Theirs 19.our 20.himself 考点二 名词 （2025·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 It felt like a dream come true to Arman from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦). He was the 66 (win) of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest, and when his sister returned home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. She had always encouraged Arman, but even she didn’t expect such a great achievement. 66．句意：他是哈萨克斯坦全国汉语比赛的冠军。根据“the…of”可知，此空应填名词，win是动词，名词是winner，根据was可知，此空应填单数形式，故填winner。 （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin tried. He played with some 72 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere! 72．句意：他和一些玩具玩了一会，然后研究了太阳和地球的图片，但问题仍然无处不在！some后接名词复数，toy的复数为toys。故填toys。 考点一 ：可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词的复数形式 规则变化 ①一般在词尾加-s book--books toy--toys day--days boy--boys ②以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的加-es class--classes bus--buses box--boxes fox--foxes dish--dishes watch--watches ③以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的词, 把 y 变为 i,再 加-es baby--babies city--cities factory--factories dictionary--dictionaries ④以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 一般把 f 或 fe 改为v, 再加-es leaf--leaves half--halves thief--thieves knife--knives wife--wives life--lives ⑤以o 结尾 有生命的，加 es potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes hero--heroes 无生命的，加 s radio--radios zoo--zoos photo--photos 不规则变化 ①男女少，鼠脚牙(数脚丫） man--men woman--women child--children mouse--mice foot--feet tooth--teeth ②中日鱼鹿羊，单复是同形 Chinese ，Japanese ，fish ，deer ，sheep ③中日不变英法变, 其他后面加 s Chinese--Chinese Japanese--Japanese Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen German--Germans 二、不可数名词，下列名词常做不可数名词用，很少见到它们被用作可数名词 肉类 beef chicken mutton pork meat 液体 water milk coffee tea honey yogurt orange juice 颗粒、细微物 rice salt sand hair 其余 bread advice weather work news paper information knowledge money time music health fruit fun 三、既可数又不可数的名词 可数又不可数 chicken fish food fruit room work 可数 鸡 种类 种类 种类 房间 作品 不可数 鸡肉 鱼肉、条数 泛指 泛指 空间 工作 考点二 名词所有格 ’s 所有格 结构为“名词 + ’s ”，主要表示有生命的人或动物的所属关系 单数名词 加’s the girl's dress 复数名词 以 s 结尾 加, students' books 不以 s 结尾 加’s children's coats 用 and 连接 并列名词的 所有格 表示各自拥有 在每个名词词尾加’s Lily's and Lucy's rooms 表示共同拥有 在最后一个名词词尾加’s Lily and Lucy's room 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所等 在词尾加加’s，省略后面的名词 the doctor's of 所有格 结构为“名词 A + of + 名词 B ”，主要表示无生命的事物的所属关系 the top of the hill， the window of the room 双重所有格 结构 1：“名词 + of + 名词’s 所有格” 结构2：“名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 ”主要指整体的一部分 a friend of my father's， a book of mine 考点三 名词词性转换 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、形容词 → 名词（中考必考） different → difference 差异 difficult → difficulty 困难 important → importance 重要性 true → truth 真相 safe → safety 安全 happy → happiness 幸福 ill → illness 疾病 kind → kindness 善良 free → freedom 自由 wise → wisdom 智慧 二、动词 → 名词（最常考） decide → decision 决定 invite → invitation 邀请 pronounce → pronunciation 发音 introduce → introduction 介绍 suggest → suggestion 建议 discuss → discussion 讨论 educate → education 教育 act → action 行动 collect → collection 收藏 invent → invention 发明 improve → improvement 改善 develop → development 发展 三、动词 → 人（职业/身份） teach → teacher work → worker visit → visitor sing → singer write → writer drive → driver play → player run → runner win → winner travel → traveler 四、名词 → 名词（易考） farm → farmer 农民 tour → tourist 游客 science → scientist 科学家 piano → pianist 钢琴家 violin → violinist 小提琴家 五、特殊高频不可数名词（必背） inform → information advise → advice know → knowledge funny → fun 1. 可数名词：看到这些词必须变复数 - these / those / many / several / few / a few - different / all kinds of / two/three… - 谓语是 are / were / have 2. 不可数名词：永远不加 s（中考最坑） - advice 建议 - information 信息 - news 新闻 - progress 进步 - fun 乐趣 - milk, water, bread 等 看到 much / little / a little 后面一定用不可数名词。 3. 不规则复数（必背，一考就错） - man → men - woman → women - child → children - leaf → leaves - knife → knives - hero → heroes 4. 词性转换（动词→名词，必考） - educate → education - inform → information - different → difference - difficult → difficulty - happy → happiness - kind → kindness 5. 复合名词复数（只变主体） - apple tree → apple trees - girl student → girl students - man doctor → men doctors - woman teacher → women teachers 1. We all know the ______ (important) of learning English well. 2. A lot of foreign ______ (tour) come to visit the ancient towns every year. 3. We should pay more attention to our ______ (safe) when we go out alone. 4. With the rapid ______ (develop) of technology, our life is becoming easier. 5. The ______ (leaf) on the trees turn yellow and fall down in autumn. 6. The old man has a lot of unusual ______ (experience) in his life. 7. The ______ (hero) in this book are brave and full of wisdom. 8. You should think twice before you make important ______ (decide). 9. The two ______ (woman) scientists are well-known around the world. 10. We can get much useful ______ (inform) from the Internet. 11. He never gives up, so he has made great ______ (progress) in his studies. 12. It’s a good ______ (choose) to read more books in your free time. 13. The ______ (difficult) that he faces in his work are very different. 14. We all thanked him for his ______ (kind) and selfless help. 15. There are several tall ______ (build) on both sides of the street. 16. We must tell the ______ (true) instead of telling lies. 17. The ______ (run) who broke the record was praised by the public. 18. My teacher often gives me some useful ______ (suggest). 19. The ______ (invent) of the Internet has changed the whole world. 20. Different people have different ______ (culture) backgrounds. 1.importance 2.tourists 3.safety 4.development 5.leaves 6.experiences 7.heroes 8.decisions 9.women 10.information 11.progress 12.choice 13.difficulties 14.kindness 15.buildings 16.truth 17.runner 18.suggestions 19.invention 20.cultural 1. 1．Yunnan is known for ________ amazing animals and plants around China. (it) 【答案】its 【详解】句意：云南以其神奇的动植物而闻名于中国。此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语“amazing animals and plants”，表示“它的 (云南的)”，it的形容词性物主代词形式为its。 2．DeepSeek is an AI tool that helps ________ (we) solve difficult problems in math and science. 【答案】us 【详解】句意：DeepSeek是一款人工智能工具，帮助我们解决数学和科学中的难题。动词helps后接宾语，应用人称代词we的宾格形式us，故填us。 3．This new smartwatch is not mine. It’s ________ (she). She left it on the desk. 【答案】hers 【详解】句意：这块新手表不是我的。是她的。空格后没有名词，此处需要表达“她的（新手表）”，要使用she对应的名词性物主代词hers，相当于“her new smartwatch”。故填hers。 4．There isn’t ______ (somebody) in the classroom now. 【答案】anybody 【详解】句意：现在教室里没有人。根据“There isn’t...in the classroom now.”可知，此处表示教室里没有人，somebody“某人”，通常用于肯定句，此句为否定句，应该用anybody。故填anybody。 5．The children found it hard to express ________ (they) clearly while using a new language. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：孩子们发现用一门新语言清晰地表达自己是很困难的。them“他们”，为宾格代词，此处表示“表达他们自己”，故用反身代词。故填themselves。 6．In the age of AI, teenagers must be able to think independently and decide for ________ (they) wisely. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：在人工智能时代，青少年必须能够独立思考并明智地为自己做决定。for是介词，此处主语“teenagers”和宾语指代同一群体，需用反身代词；they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 7．Carla’s name is on the cover of the book. The book must be ________ (she). 【答案】hers 【详解】句意：卡拉的名字在这本书的封面上，这本书一定是她的。she“她”，人称代词主格；此处表示“她的书”，后面没有名词，需要用名词性物主代词。故填hers。 8．The company hopes ________ product will be successful on the African market. (it) 【答案】its 【详解】句意：这家公司希望它的产品在非洲市场上能取得成功。根据句意可知，此处表达“它的产品”，横线处需填形容词性物主代词修饰名词product。it“它”，人称代词主格或宾格，其形容词性物主代词为its。故填its。 9．I agree that the students should learn to make ________ (they) own decisions from a young age. 【答案】their 【详解】句意：我同意学生应该从小学习自己做决定。根据“make...own decisions”可知空格后为名词短语“own decisions”，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，表示“他们自己的决定”。they对应的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 10．It is important ________ (educate) children about the dangers of the Internet. 【答案】to educate 【详解】句意：教育孩子们了解互联网的危险是很重要的。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，educate要用不定式结构，故填to educate。 11．The students helped ________ to the books from the shelf and began reading. (they) 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：学生们从书架上拿起书，开始阅读。help oneself to sth“自行取用某物”，they的反身代词是themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 12．The dresses ________ (they) are made of common materials, but they sell well because of the famous designer. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：这些裙子本身是由普通面料制成，但因为著名的设计师，它们卖得很好。此处指“裙子本身”，用反身代词作同位语，they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 13．During ________ (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害). 【答案】those 【详解】句意：在那些年里，他不得不经历饥饿并抗击自然灾害。根据题意和提示词可知，指示代词that“那个”，其复数形式是those “那些”，修饰复数名词years，所以，此处应用those。故填those。 14．There are a few ________(coin) in the schoolbag. 【答案】coins 【详解】句意：在书包里有少许硬币。a few表示 “少量的”，后接可数名词复数；coin名词，硬币；复数形式直接加s。故填coins。 15．His secret of success is that he believes in ________ (he). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意：他成功的秘诀在于他相信自己。根据“he believes in”可知，动作的执行者和承受者为同一个，填he“他”的反身代词形式。故填himself。 16．You’d better ask others for help. It’s ________ (possible) to finish the work alone in one day. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：你最好向别人求助。一天之内独自完成这项工作是不可能的。根据“You’d better ask others for help”可知，此处建议向别人求助，可推知一天之内独自完成这项工作事不可能的，此句是it is+形容词+for sb.+to do句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，需要填入表示“不可能的”形容词。故填impossible。 17．Never think too much of _________ (you) because one tree doesn’t make a forest. 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意：永远不要把自己看得太重，因为一棵树不能成林。根据“Never think too much of...”可知，这是祈使句，隐含的主语是you，再结合“one tree”可知，空处应用单数形式，所以空处应填you的反身代词yourself，用于指代主语you本身。故填yourself。 18．This classroom doesn’t belong to us. ________ (our) is cleaner and brighter. 【答案】Ours 【详解】句意：这间教室不属于我们。我们的更干净明亮。句中缺少主语，用our的名词性物主代词ours表示“我们的（教室）”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Ours。 19．The world ________ (it) is becoming smaller and smaller because of the Internet. 【答案】itself 【详解】句意：因为互联网，世界本身变得越来越小。强调自己本身使用反身代词，根据题意和提示词可知，world是名词单数，强调“世界本身”，应用world itself，此处itself作world的同位语。故填itself。 20．Bob doesn’t like the rain. The weather often drives ________ mad. (he) 【答案】him 【详解】句意：鲍勃不喜欢下雨。天气常常使他发疯。drive sb mad“迫使某人发疯”，此处需要人称宾格，him符合句意，故填him。 21．They discussed the suggestion in detail and all nodded in ________ (agree) at last. 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：他们详细讨论了这个建议，最后所有人都点头表示同意。agree是动词，意为“同意”，“in agreement”是固定短语，意为“同意，一致”，应使用动词agree的名词形式agreement。 22．Good ________ with people is the key to our success. (communicate) 【答案】communication 【详解】句意：良好的人际沟通是我们成功的关键。形容词Good需要修饰名词，且空格处是整个句子的主语，因此要把提示词communicate变为名词形式communication，意为“交流”，为不可数名词。 23．Both of the ________ (city) in Guangdong have developed low-altitude economy projects. 【答案】cities 【详解】句意：广东省的这两座城市均已开展低空经济项目。根据题意和提示词可知，both of后接可数名词复数，city的复数是cities。故填cities。 24．Henry, think over your major choice before making your ________. (decide) 【答案】decision 【详解】句意：亨利，在做决定之前仔细考虑你的专业选择。make one’s后接名词，decide的名词形式为decision，make one’s decision为固定搭配，意为“做决定”，故填decision。 25．The supermarket brings us much ________ (convenient). 【答案】convenience 【详解】句意：超市给我们带来了很多便利。根据“brings us much”可知，空处填名词作“brings”的宾语，convenient的名词为convenience“便利”，为不可数名词。故填convenience。 26．Even young students can be ________ by taking responsibility and helping classmates. (lead) 【答案】leaders 【详解】句意：即使是年轻的学生，也可以通过承担责任和帮助同学成为领导者。lead是动词，意为“领导”；句子中be动词后需要接名词，因此将动词lead转换为名词形式leader“领导者”，主语young students是复数概念，为保持一致，名词leader需使用复数形式。故填leaders。 27．Mandy isn’t allowed to drive because her parents worry about her ________ (safe) 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：曼迪不被允许开车，因为她的父母担心她的安全。句中her是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词，形容词safe（安全的）的名词形式是safety（安全）。故填safety。 28．I’ve made my _________ (choose) and I’ll never regret. 【答案】choice 【详解】句意：我已经做出了选择，我永远不会后悔。形容词性物主代词my后跟名词形式，动词choose的名词为choice，意为“选择”，故填choice。 29．Watching tree ________ turn yellow reminds me that time goes by quickly. (leaf) 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意：看着树叶变黄提醒我时间过得很快。根据“Watching tree…turn yellow”可知，变黄的是树上的叶子。树叶通常不止一片，且tree leaves意为“树叶”，符合语境，故此处应用leaf的复数形式leaves。故填leaves。 30．I look forward to weekends because I can take part in different outdoor ________ (activity). 【答案】activities 【详解】句意：我期待周末，因为我可以参加不同的户外活动。activity为可数名词，根据“different”可知，设空处应填复数，“activity”的复数是“activities”。故填activities。 31．The following brief ________ explain meaningful examples of their work. (describe) 【答案】descriptions 【详解】句意：以下简要描述解释了他们工作中富有意义的例子。describe意为“描述”，是动词；此处需要用名词作句子主语，describe的名词形式是description。根据谓语动词explain为原形，可知主语应为复数形式descriptions。故填descriptions。 32．The young man would rather give up the chance than take those ________ advice. (direct) 【答案】directors’ 【详解】句意：这个年轻人宁愿放弃这个机会，也不愿采纳那些主管们的建议。根据“advice”可知，此处需要表达 “主管们的建议”，要用名词所有格形式，结合“those”，应用复数形式，direct“指导”，动词，其名词复数形式是directors，以s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接加’，故填directors’。 33．Do you know if they are really interested in Chinese ________ (act) films? 【答案】action 【详解】句意：你知道他们是否真的对中国的动作片感兴趣吗？act“表演，动作”，可作动词也可作名词。结合语境及提示，此处用action，表示“动作”，作名词修饰films。固定短语，action films“动作片”。故填action。 34．For travelers, the most exciting thing is the folk music played by ________ (music) at the table. 【答案】musicians 【详解】句意：对于旅行者来说，最令人兴奋的事情是音乐家在餐桌上演奏的民间音乐。根据“the folk music played by...”可知，横线处需填表示人的名词，music“音乐”，名词，其表示人的名词形式为musician“音乐家”，且此处不止一个音乐家，应用复数形式。故填musicians。 35．Jim prefers ________ (west) to romantic films because they tell the exciting stories of cowboys. 【答案】westerns 【详解】句意：比起浪漫电影，吉姆更喜欢西部片，因为它们讲述了牛仔们激动人心的故事。west“西方，西部”，名词；此处表示“西部片”，要用对应的名词western，且表示一类事物要用复数形式westerns。故填westerns。 36．Plenty of children dream of becoming ________ (superhero) who can protect the world with hidden powers. 【答案】superheroes 【详解】句意：许多孩子梦想成为能用超能力保护世界的超级英雄。根据提示词“superhero”以及语境可知，许多孩子梦想成为超级英雄，因此这里应该用“superhero”的复数形式“superheroes”，表示泛指多个超级英雄。故填superheroes。 37．The ________ (child) parents in Class 3 are going to attend the school’s graduation ceremony next week. 【答案】children’s 【详解】句意：三班孩子们的父母下周将要参加学校的毕业典礼。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个名词所有格来修饰名词“parents”，表示“孩子们的父母”。由语境可知，这里的孩子不止一个，所以要用“child”的复数形式“children”，其所有格形式为“children’s”。故填children’s。 38．Teachers often encourage us to share our ________ (suggest) in class to improve learning. 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：老师们经常鼓励我们在课堂上分享我们的建议，以提升学习效果。空格前“our”为形容词性物主代词，后接名词；suggest的名词形式是suggestion，可数；结合语境“分享我们的建议”，应用复数形式suggestions。故填suggestions。 39．Can you make a list of his ________ names? The murderer may be among them. (enemy) 【答案】enemies’ 【详解】句意：你能列出他的敌人的名字吗？凶手可能就在他们之中。根据“a list of his... names”可知，此处表示“敌人的名字”，需用名词所有格；结合“them”可知“enemy”要用复数“enemies”，其所有格形式是“enemies’”。故填enemies’。    40．They believe in themselves and they can overcome ________ (difficulty). 【答案】difficulties 【详解】句意：他们相信自己，他们能克服困难。difficulty“困难”，可数名词单数，此处应填入其复数形式difficulties表泛指，作宾语。故填difficulties。 $专题04 代词和名词（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 代词 考点二 名词 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1. 名词：名词单复数变化（规则/不规则）、可数/不可数辨析、名词所有格（'s / of / 双重所有格）、名词作定语。 2. 代词：核心考查人称代词主格/宾格、物主代词（形容词性/名词性）的正确使用，以及不定代词（some/any/few/little/each/both）在语境中的辨析。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 代词 第71小题 第68小题 名词 第66小题 第72小题 命题预测 1. 语境化 不考孤立语法，全部在语篇、句子情景中考查 必须结合上下文意思才能确定单复数、代词指代 2. 综合化 名词 + 单复数 + 所有格 + 冠词 + 主谓一致 一起考 代词 + 人称/物主/反身/不定代词 混合考 语法填空：一空考一个知识点，但依赖整句理解 3. 生活化 选材多与日常生活、校园生活、社会热点（如环保、科技、传统文化）等相关，让学生在熟悉的情境中运用名/形/副知识。 考点一 代词 （2025·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 He believed in 71 (he) and practiced every day after classes, repeating words until they sounded perfect. （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 “The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 68 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?” 人称代词&物主代词&反身代词 人称 数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人 称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人 称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 指示代词 this/these that/those 近指 This is my seat. 远指 That is your seat. / 替代已提到过的名词，避免重复，主要用于比较级 The weather in Changsha is better than that in Beijing. The days in summer are longer than those(the ones) in winter. this 打电话时，指自己。 This is Alan. that 打电话时，指对方。 Who is that speaking? this morning 今天早上 this year 今年 that morning 那天早上 that year 那年 不定代词 （1）both；all；either；any；neither；none / 都 任何 都不 两者 both either neither 三者（或以上） all any none （2）little；a little；few；a few / 可数 不可数 表肯定 a few（有一些） a little（有一点） 表否定 few（几乎没有） little（几乎没有） （3）other；the other；others；the others；another 不定代词 意义 用法说明 other 另外的(两者) 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果 前面有 the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用 the other 两者中另一个 常与 one 连用，构成“one…, the other ”；作定语修 饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的 ” others 泛指别的人或物 是 other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部）， 不能作定语，构成 some…others… the others 特指其余的人或物 是 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物 another 另一个(三者或以上） 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词 复合不定代词 词缀 -one（人） -body（人） -thing（事物） 用法 some- someone somebody something ①用于肯定句 ②用于表示请求的疑问句 any- anyone anybody anything ①用于否定句&疑问句 ②表示“任何……”也可用于肯定句 no- no one nobody nothing ①no one=nobody ②nothing 回答 what 的提问 every- everyone everybody everything ①everyone=everybody 重要考点 1. 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数（如：Something is wrong with her watch.） 2. 复合不定代词被形容词或 else 修饰时，形容词和 else 要后置（如：something interesting） 3. 复合不定代词被to do 修饰时，to do 要后置（如：I don't have anything to say.） 1. 形容词性物主代词 vs 名词性物主代词（最常错） - 后面有名词 → 用 my/your/his/her/their - 后面没名词（单独作主语/宾语）→ 用 mine/yours/his/hers/theirs 坑：一空没名词，还填 my/your/their → 必错 2. 主格 vs 宾格（必错重灾区） - 作主语（动词前）→ 主格：I, he, she, we, they - 作宾语（动词/介词后）→ 宾格：me, him, her, us, them 坑：介词 of 后一定用宾格：many of us/them/him 3. 反身代词必须和主语一致 - I → myself - you → yourself/yourselves - he → himself - she → herself - we → ourselves - they → themselves 坑：主语是 we，填了 myself → 直接错 4. other / another / the other 填空必错点 - another + 单数名词：三者以上另一个 - the other：两者中的另一个 - others = other + 名词复数 - the others：剩下全部 5. few / a few / little / a little（语境坑） - few/little：否定，几乎没有 - a few/a little：肯定，有一点 - few/a few + 可数 - little/a little + 不可数 6. some & any 语境易错 - 一般：肯定用 some，疑问/否定用 any - 特殊：建议、请求、希望得到肯定回答用 some 7. it 作形式主语/形式宾语（必考） - find it + adj + to do - think it easy to… 坑：这里绝对不能填 this/that 8. 不定代词作主语，谓语一律单数 - Everyone/Someone/Anyone/Everything is… 1. We should learn to protect ______ (we) in dangerous situations. 2. The young man taught ______ (he) Japanese when he was free. 3. To ______ (we) surprise, he won first prize in the competition. 4. This wallet isn’t mine. It must be ______ (she). 5. The children enjoyed ______ (they) at the zoo last Sunday. 6. Don’t always think of ______ (you). Learn to care about others. 7. He kept the secret to ______ (he) and didn’t tell anyone. 8. My computer is broken. May I use ______ (you)? 9. The girl lost ______ (she) way on her way home. 10. No one can help you except ______ (you). 11. The teacher asked us to relax ______ (we) after the exam. 12. These books are not ours. They are ______ (they). 13. You must believe in ______ (you) if you want to succeed. 14. The old man lives alone and looks after ______ (he). 15. ______ (I) is on the desk; you can take yours. 16. They often help ______ (they) with each other’s study. 17. She learned to dress ______ (she) at the age of four. 18. This is not their classroom. ______ (they) is on the second floor. 19. We all hope ______ (we) team can win the game. 20. The boy can do the work all by ______ (he). 考点二 名词 （2025·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 It felt like a dream come true to Arman from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦). He was the 66 (win) of the Kazakhstan National Chinese Language Contest, and when his sister returned home from her university study abroad, she was surprised to see his gold medal on the wall. She had always encouraged Arman, but even she didn’t expect such a great achievement. （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin tried. He played with some 72 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere! 考点一 ：可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词的复数形式 规则变化 ①一般在词尾加-s book--books toy--toys day--days boy--boys ②以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的加-es class--classes bus--buses box--boxes fox--foxes dish--dishes watch--watches ③以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的词, 把 y 变为 i,再 加-es baby--babies city--cities factory--factories dictionary--dictionaries ④以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 一般把 f 或 fe 改为v, 再加-es leaf--leaves half--halves thief--thieves knife--knives wife--wives life--lives ⑤以o 结尾 有生命的，加 es potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes hero--heroes 无生命的，加 s radio--radios zoo--zoos photo--photos 不规则变化 ①男女少，鼠脚牙(数脚丫） man--men woman--women child--children mouse--mice foot--feet tooth--teeth ②中日鱼鹿羊，单复是同形 Chinese ，Japanese ，fish ，deer ，sheep ③中日不变英法变, 其他后面加 s Chinese--Chinese Japanese--Japanese Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen German--Germans 二、不可数名词，下列名词常做不可数名词用，很少见到它们被用作可数名词 肉类 beef chicken mutton pork meat 液体 water milk coffee tea honey yogurt orange juice 颗粒、细微物 rice salt sand hair 其余 bread advice weather work news paper information knowledge money time music health fruit fun 三、既可数又不可数的名词 可数又不可数 chicken fish food fruit room work 可数 鸡 种类 种类 种类 房间 作品 不可数 鸡肉 鱼肉、条数 泛指 泛指 空间 工作 考点二 名词所有格 ’s 所有格 结构为“名词 + ’s ”，主要表示有生命的人或动物的所属关系 单数名词 加’s the girl's dress 复数名词 以 s 结尾 加, students' books 不以 s 结尾 加’s children's coats 用 and 连接 并列名词的 所有格 表示各自拥有 在每个名词词尾加’s Lily's and Lucy's rooms 表示共同拥有 在最后一个名词词尾加’s Lily and Lucy's room 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所等 在词尾加加’s，省略后面的名词 the doctor's of 所有格 结构为“名词 A + of + 名词 B ”，主要表示无生命的事物的所属关系 the top of the hill， the window of the room 双重所有格 结构 1：“名词 + of + 名词’s 所有格” 结构2：“名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 ”主要指整体的一部分 a friend of my father's， a book of mine 考点三 名词词性转换 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、形容词 → 名词（中考必考） different → difference 差异 difficult → difficulty 困难 important → importance 重要性 true → truth 真相 safe → safety 安全 happy → happiness 幸福 ill → illness 疾病 kind → kindness 善良 free → freedom 自由 wise → wisdom 智慧 二、动词 → 名词（最常考） decide → decision 决定 invite → invitation 邀请 pronounce → pronunciation 发音 introduce → introduction 介绍 suggest → suggestion 建议 discuss → discussion 讨论 educate → education 教育 act → action 行动 collect → collection 收藏 invent → invention 发明 improve → improvement 改善 develop → development 发展 三、动词 → 人（职业/身份） teach → teacher work → worker visit → visitor sing → singer write → writer drive → driver play → player run → runner win → winner travel → traveler 四、名词 → 名词（易考） farm → farmer 农民 tour → tourist 游客 science → scientist 科学家 piano → pianist 钢琴家 violin → violinist 小提琴家 五、特殊高频不可数名词（必背） inform → information advise → advice know → knowledge funny → fun 1. 可数名词：看到这些词必须变复数 - these / those / many / several / few / a few - different / all kinds of / two/three… - 谓语是 are / were / have 2. 不可数名词：永远不加 s（中考最坑） - advice 建议 - information 信息 - news 新闻 - progress 进步 - fun 乐趣 - milk, water, bread 等 看到 much / little / a little 后面一定用不可数名词。 3. 不规则复数（必背，一考就错） - man → men - woman → women - child → children - leaf → leaves - knife → knives - hero → heroes 4. 词性转换（动词→名词，必考） - educate → education - inform → information - different → difference - difficult → difficulty - happy → happiness - kind → kindness 5. 复合名词复数（只变主体） - apple tree → apple trees - girl student → girl students - man doctor → men doctors - woman teacher → women teachers 1. We all know the ______ (important) of learning English well. 2. A lot of foreign ______ (tour) come to visit the ancient towns every year. 3. We should pay more attention to our ______ (safe) when we go out alone. 4. With the rapid ______ (develop) of technology, our life is becoming easier. 5. The ______ (leaf) on the trees turn yellow and fall down in autumn. 6. The old man has a lot of unusual ______ (experience) in his life. 7. The ______ (hero) in this book are brave and full of wisdom. 8. You should think twice before you make important ______ (decide). 9. The two ______ (woman) scientists are well-known around the world. 10. We can get much useful ______ (inform) from the Internet. 11. He never gives up, so he has made great ______ (progress) in his studies. 12. It’s a good ______ (choose) to read more books in your free time. 13. The ______ (difficult) that he faces in his work are very different. 14. We all thanked him for his ______ (kind) and selfless help. 15. There are several tall ______ (build) on both sides of the street. 16. We must tell the ______ (true) instead of telling lies. 17. The ______ (run) who broke the record was praised by the public. 18. My teacher often gives me some useful ______ (suggest). 19. The ______ (invent) of the Internet has changed the whole world. 20. Different people have different ______ (culture) backgrounds. 1. 1．Yunnan is known for ________ amazing animals and plants around China. (it) 2．DeepSeek is an AI tool that helps ________ (we) solve difficult problems in math and science. 3．This new smartwatch is not mine. It’s ________ (she). She left it on the desk. 4．There isn’t ______ (somebody) in the classroom now. 5．The children found it hard to express ________ (they) clearly while using a new language. 6．In the age of AI, teenagers must be able to think independently and decide for ________ (they) wisely. 7．Carla’s name is on the cover of the book. The book must be ________ (she). 8．The company hopes ________ product will be successful on the African market. (it) 9．I agree that the students should learn to make ________ (they) own decisions from a young age. 10．It is important ________ (educate) children about the dangers of the Internet. 11．The students helped ________ to the books from the shelf and began reading. (they) 12．The dresses ________ (they) are made of common materials, but they sell well because of the famous designer. 13．During ________ (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害). 14．There are a few ________(coin) in the schoolbag. 15．His secret of success is that he believes in ________ (he). 16．You’d better ask others for help. It’s ________ (possible) to finish the work alone in one day. 17．Never think too much of _________ (you) because one tree doesn’t make a forest. 18．This classroom doesn’t belong to us. ________ (our) is cleaner and brighter. 19．The world ________ (it) is becoming smaller and smaller because of the Internet. 20．Bob doesn’t like the rain. The weather often drives ________ mad. (he) 21．They discussed the suggestion in detail and all nodded in ________ (agree) at last. 22．Good ________ with people is the key to our success. (communicate) 23．Both of the ________ (city) in Guangdong have developed low-altitude economy projects. 24．Henry, think over your major choice before making your ________. (decide) 25．The supermarket brings us much ________ (convenient). 26．Even young students can be ________ by taking responsibility and helping classmates. (lead) 27．Mandy isn’t allowed to drive because her parents worry about her ________ (safe) 28．I’ve made my _________ (choose) and I’ll never regret. 29．Watching tree ________ turn yellow reminds me that time goes by quickly. (leaf) 30．I look forward to weekends because I can take part in different outdoor ________ (activity). 31．The following brief ________ explain meaningful examples of their work. (describe) 32．The young man would rather give up the chance than take those ________ advice. (direct) 33．Do you know if they are really interested in Chinese ________ (act) films? 34．For travelers, the most exciting thing is the folk music played by ________ (music) at the table. 35．Jim prefers ________ (west) to romantic films because they tell the exciting stories of cowboys. 36．Plenty of children dream of becoming ________ (superhero) who can protect the world with hidden powers. 37．The ________ (child) parents in Class 3 are going to attend the school’s graduation ceremony next week. 38．Teachers often encourage us to share our ________ (suggest) in class to improve learning. 39．Can you make a list of his ________ names? The murderer may be among them. (enemy) 40．They believe in themselves and they can overcome ________ (difficulty). $