Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 语法讲义 被动语态（二） 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

U2 Growing pains and gains语法讲义—被动语态（二） · 教材原句 I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. 我仔细看了看,发现她手腕上戴着一个黄色手环。 I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 我一直着, 直到一位女警察把她送回家。 · 语法要点 以上两个句子均用到了“be的过去式+动词过去分词”结构，表述过去发生的事:“一个黄色手环被系在......"和“她被......送回家”。这是一般过去时的被动语态，其中，第二句还使用了by来引出动作的执行者。 · 语法讲解 1. 复习 定义： 基本结构： 被动语态 一般现在时被动语态结构： 一般将来时被动语态结构： 找： 主动变被动： 换： 改： 加： 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时 句子结构 例句 肯定句 He was allowed to watch TV. 他被允许看电视。 否定句 He wasn’t allowed to watch TV. 他不被允许看电视。 疑问句 Was he allowed to watch TV？ 他被允许看电视吗? 特问句 What was he allowed to do？ 他被允许做什么？ 【练一练】 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确的形式填空。 1. The cake __________________ (eat) by Tom an hour ago. 2. The window ____________________ (not break) by me. 3. The letter __________________ (write) by Lucy. 4. ___________ the keys ____________ (find) yesterday? 5. The book ____________________ (not return) to the library. 6. A lot of rice ____________________ (grow) in the south last year. 7. These photos ____________________ (take) during our trip to London. 8. The film _____________________ (watch) by many people last night. 3. 被动语态的注意事项！！！ 1.含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词。 Eg1. We handed in our homework last Friday. ___________________________________________________________________________ Eg2.My mother looks after my grandmother. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但改为被动语态时要把省去的to还原。 Eg3.The teacher made us clean the classroom. ___________________________________________________________________________ Eg4.I saw him enter the room. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 · 主动语态中动词带两个宾语的句子，在改写为被动语态时，两个宾语都可以作主语，选择哪个主要取决于想强调的信息。例如: 主动语态:Miss Gao will give me some advice.高老师将给我一些建议。(some advice是动词give的直接宾语，me为间接宾语) 被动语态1:I will be given some advice (by Miss Gao).我将收到一些建议。 被动语态2:Some advice will be given to me (by Miss Gao). 一些建议将会给到我。 · 需要特别注意，第二个被动句里间接宾语me前面加了介词to。如果用直接宾语(通常为物)作主语，间接宾语(通常为人)无法直接紧跟在动词后面，需要加介词to或for来引出。下面是一些在被动语态中加to或for的常见动词:加 to 的动词:give, send, show, teach, offer, read, write 等。加 for 的动词:buy, make, do,build, cook等。 (1) give sb sth --- _____________________ (2) show sb sth --- _______________________ (3) lend sb sth --- _____________________ (4) pass sb sth --- _______________________ (5) send sb sth --- _____________________ (6) buy sb sth --- ________________________ (7) make sb sth --- ____________________ Eg1. He made me a kite. ______________________________________________________ Eg2. She showed us her photos. _________________________________________________ Eg3. My mother bought me a dress. _____________________________________________ 4.含不定式作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，且位置不变。 (1) ask/tell/want/allow sb. to do sth.-- sb._________________________________________sth. Eg1. His parents allowed him to go to the party. ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 知识拓展 （一）各种时态被动结构 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 The room is cleaned by him everyday. 一般将来时 The room will be cleaned by him tomorrow. 一般过去时 The room was cleaned by him yesterday. 现在进行时 The room is being cleaned by him now. 过去进行时 The room was being cleaned by him at 7 yesterday morning. 现在完成时 The room has been cleaned by him already. 情态动词 The room must be cleaned. （2） 主动表被动 1　 系动词无被动 （如：feel，sound，taste，look，smell，become，get，grow，turn，keep，stay，remain，seem等。） eg：Your idea sounds good. Your scarf feels soft. 2　 need doing=need to be done需要被做（主语通常是物） eg：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 3　 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（主语通常是物） eg：The storybook is worth reading. 4　 一般来说，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不适用被动语态 （如：appear，disappear，die，lie，sit，happen，spread，break out，come true，fall asleep，take place等。） eg：A star appears in the night sky. If you work hard，your dream will come true. · 语法专练 一.单选 1. Many modern cities ______ very quickly in the past ten years, but environmental problems are also becoming more serious. A. are developed B. have developed C. were developed D. developed 2. Teenagers ______ to follow the traffic rules when they go out alone. A. should educate B. should be educated C. educate D. are educating 3. I won’t go to the party if I ______ to it. A. don’t invite B. won’t be invited C. haven’t invited D. am not invited 4. A new sports park ______ in our neighborhood next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. builds 5. These old photos ______ my grandparents many years ago. A. took B. were taken C. are taken D. will be taken 6. The book *Into the Unknown* ______ into several languages so far. A. translates B. translated C. has been translated D. was translated 7. Waste paper ______ everywhere in our school. We should keep our school clean. A. can’t throw B. can’t be thrown C. isn’t throwing D. wasn’t thrown 8. —Why didn’t you go to the party last night? —Because I ______. A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. am not invited 9. These wonderful paintings ______ in the museum next month. A. will show B. will be shown C. show D. are shown 10. As we all know, the 2025 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. hold B. held C. is held D. was held 二.用所给词适当形式填空 1. English __________ (speak) all over the world. 2. The classroom __________ (clean) every day. 3. This book __________ (write) by Mo Yan last year. 4. A new bridge __________ (build) in our city next year. 5. Trees __________ (plant) on both sides of the street last spring. 6. The work must __________ (finish) before 6 o’clock. 7. Old people should __________ (look after) well. 8. These magazines can’t __________ (take) out of the library. 9. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. 10. A sports meeting __________ (hold) in our school next week. 三.将下列句子变成被动语态 1. We will discuss the plan at the meeting tomorrow. 2. The workers built this tall building last year. 3. People should protect these ancient buildings well. 4. They produce many kinds of robots in this factory. 5. Our teacher often encourages us to study hard. 四.翻译句子 1. 这些好习惯应该在日常生活中被养成。 2. 青少年应该被鼓励多读书。 3. 汉语在世界上被越来越多的人学习。 4. 这些古老的传统应该被很好地保护。 5. 更多的树将会被种植来保护环境。 答案 1. 复习 定义： 强调动作的结果或影响，其主语是动作的承受者 基本结构： be+done 被动语态 一般现在时被动语态结构： am/is/are+done 一般将来时被动语态结构： will be done/be going to be done 找： 找主语和宾语 主动变被动： 换： 将主语和宾语换位置 改： 将谓语动词改成被动语态 加： 加by+动作执行者 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时 句子结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+done+其他 He was allowed to watch TV. 他被允许看电视。 否定句 主语+wasn't/weren't+done He wasn’t allowed to watch TV. 他不被允许看电视。 疑问句 Was/Were+主语+done。。。？ Was he allowed to watch TV？ 他被允许看电视吗? 特问句 特问词+was/were+主语+done？ What was he allowed to do？ 他被允许做什么？ 【练一练】 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确的形式填空。 1. The cake ___was eaten___ (eat) by Tom an hour ago. 2. The window ___wasn't broken___ (not break) by me. 3. The letter __was written___ (write) by Lucy. 4. ___Were___ the keys ___found___ (find) yesterday? 5. The book ___wasn't returned__ (not return) to the library. 6. A lot of rice ___was grown___ (grow) in the south last year. 7. These photos ___were taken_____ (take) during our trip to London. 8. The film ____was watched_____ (watch) by many people last night. 3. 被动语态的注意事项！！！ 1.含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词。 Eg1. We handed in our homework last Friday. ___Our homework was handed in by us last Friday______________________ Eg2.My mother looks after my grandmother. __My grandmother is looked after by my mother_____________________ 2.在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但改为被动语态时要把省去的to还原。 Eg3.The teacher made us clean the classroom. ___We were made to clean the classroom by the teacher___________________________ Eg4.I saw him enter the room. ___He was seen to enter the room by me______________________________ 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 · 主动语态中动词带两个宾语的句子，在改写为被动语态时，两个宾语都可以作主语，选择哪个主要取决于想强调的信息。例如: 主动语态:Miss Gao will give me some advice.高老师将给我一些建议。(some advice是动词give的直接宾语，me为间接宾语) 被动语态1:I will be given some advice (by Miss Gao).我将收到一些建议。 被动语态2:Some advice will be given to me (by Miss Gao). 一些建议将会给到我。 · 需要特别注意，第二个被动句里间接宾语me前面加了介词to。如果用直接宾语(通常为物)作主语，间接宾语(通常为人)无法直接紧跟在动词后面，需要加介词to或for来引出。下面是一些在被动语态中加to或for的常见动词:加 to 的动词:give, send, show, teach, offer, read, write 等。加 for 的动词:buy, make, do,build, cook等。 (1) give sb sth --- _sth. be given to sb. __ (2) show sb sth --- __sth be shown to sb____ (3) lend sb sth --- _sth be lent to sb_____ (4) pass sb sth --- ___sth be passed to sb____ (5) send sb sth --- __sth be sent to sb ___ (6) buy sb sth --- ___sth be bought for sb_____ (7) make sb sth --- __sth be made for sb___ Eg1. He made me a kite. ______A kite was made for me____________________________ Eg2. She showed us her photos. ____Her photos were shown to us________________________ Eg3. My mother bought me a dress. ___A dress was bought for me__________________ 4.含不定式作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，且位置不变。 (1) ask/tell/want/allow sb. to do sth.-- sb.__be asked/told/wanted/allowed to do____sth. Eg1. His parents allowed him to go to the party. ___He was allowed to go to the party by his parents________________________________ 4. 知识拓展 （一）各种时态被动结构 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done The room is cleaned by him everyday. 一般将来时 will do be going to do will be done be going to be done The room will be cleaned by him tomorrow. 一般过去时 did was/were done The room was cleaned by him yesterday. 现在进行时 be doing be being done The room is being cleaned by him now. 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done The room was being cleaned by him at 7 yesterday morning. 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done The room has been cleaned by him already. 情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词 be done The room must be cleaned. （3） 主动表被动 5　 系动词无被动 （如：feel，sound，taste，look，smell，become，get，grow，turn，keep，stay，remain，seem等。） eg：Your idea sounds good. Your scarf feels soft. 6　 need doing=need to be done需要被做（主语通常是物） eg：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 7　 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事（主语通常是物） eg：The storybook is worth reading. 8　 一般来说，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不适用被动语态 （如：appear，disappear，die，lie，sit，happen，spread，break out，come true，fall asleep，take place等。） eg：A star appears in the night sky. If you work hard，your dream will come true. · 语法专练 一.单选 1. Many modern cities ______ very quickly in the past ten years, but environmental problems are also becoming more serious. A. are developed B. have developed C. were developed D. developed 2. Teenagers ______ to follow the traffic rules when they go out alone. A. should educate B. should be educated C. educate D. are educating 3. I won’t go to the party if I ______ to it. A. don’t invite B. won’t be invited C. haven’t invited D. am not invited 4. A new sports park ______ in our neighborhood next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. builds 5. These old photos ______ my grandparents many years ago. A. took B. were taken C. are taken D. will be taken 6. The book *Into the Unknown* ______ into several languages so far. A. translates B. translated C. has been translated D. was translated 7. Waste paper ______ everywhere in our school. We should keep our school clean. A. can’t throw B. can’t be thrown C. isn’t throwing D. wasn’t thrown 8. —Why didn’t you go to the party last night? —Because I ______. A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. am not invited 9. These wonderful paintings ______ in the museum next month. A. will show B. will be shown C. show D. are shown 10. As we all know, the 2025 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. hold B. held C. is held D. was held 二.用所给词适当形式填空 1. English _is spoken_ (speak) all over the world. 2. The classroom _is cleaned_ (clean) every day. 3. This book __was written__ (write) by Mo Yan last year. 4. A new bridge __will be built__ (build) in our city next year. 5. Trees _were planted_ (plant) on both sides of the street last spring. 6. The work must __be finished_ (finish) before 6 o’clock. 7. Old people should __be looked after__ (look after) well. 8. These magazines can’t __be taken__ (take) out of the library. 9. The window __was broken__ (break) by a boy yesterday. 10. A sports meeting _will be held_ (hold) in our school next week. 三.将下列句子变成被动语态 1. We will discuss the plan at the meeting tomorrow. The plan will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow 6. The workers built this tall building last year. This tall building was built by the workers last year 7. People should protect these ancient buildings well. These ancient buildings should be protected by people 8. They produce many kinds of robots in this factory. Many kinds of robots are produced by them in this factory 9. Our teacher often encourages us to study hard. We are often encouraged to study hard by our teacher 四.翻译句子 1. 这些好习惯应该在日常生活中被养成。 These good habits should be developed in daily life 6. 青少年应该被鼓励多读书。 Teenagers should be encouraged to read more books 7. 汉语在世界上被越来越多的人学习。 Chinese is learned by more and more people in the world 8. 这些古老的传统应该被很好地保护。 These old traditions should be protected well 9. 更多的树将会被种植来保护环境。 More trees will be planted to protect the environment 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $