词义猜测题-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书Word

词义猜测题 （建议用时25分钟） A 　　（2025·沈阳教学质量监测）In a groundbreaking victory for youth environmental activism， five high school students from Jiangsu Province successfully sued a local packaging factory because of its pollution to their community’s river.The determined teens， aged 16 to 18， spent six months gathering evidence after noticing dead fish floating in the waterway near their school.Their investigation began when chemistry club member Wu Bo discovered abnormal pH levels in the water during a routine science project. 　　Led by 17-year-old Liang Fan， the team conducted scientific water tests using equipment borrowed from their school lab.They also interviewed over 50 affected residents， including fishermen who had lost their livelihoods， and documented the factory’s illegal waste discharge through photographs and video recordings.“We stayed up late analyzing samples and studying Articles 42 and 58 of the Environmental Protection Law.” Liang recalled.Their biology teacher， Mr Luan， helped them prepare the technical reports that became key proofs in court. 　　The historic judgment required the factory to： 　　•Immediately stop all illegal discharges. 　　•Pay ￥120，000 for river cleanup. 　　•Fix 24/7 pollution monitoring systems. 　　•Publicly report emission （排放） data monthly. 　　“This case proves young people can drive change when they understand and use the law，” said environmental lawyer Zhou Yi， who volunteered to advise the students.“The verdict （判决） has inspired similar youth-led actions across China， with over 20 student environmental groups now monitoring local factories.Many schools have added legal education programs to their courses following this pioneering case.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了江苏省五名高中生因当地一家包装工厂污染社区河流而成功提起诉讼的事件。文章详细描述了学生们如何发现污染问题、进行科学测试和调查取证的过程，以及他们最终赢得诉讼并促使工厂采取整改措施的结果。 1.What does the underlined word “sued” in paragraph 1 probably mean？（　　） A.Charged.　 B.Cheated. C.Closed.　 D.Controlled. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句以及下文可知，文章详细描述了学生们收集证据等一系列行为，最后提到了判决，要求工厂停止非法排污、支付清理费用等。由此推知，学生们是因为工厂污染河流而对工厂采取了法律行动，画线词sued与charged（控诉）意思接近。 2.What can be learnt about the investigation team from paragraph 2？（　　） A.They documented the fishermen’s losses. B.They borrowed equipment to do fish tests. C.They studied over 100 articles about laws. D.They consulted relevant laws for evidence. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可推知，他们为了找到证据查阅了相关法律。 3.Which is the correct order of the following events？（　　） a.The court announced the sentence. b.Dead fish were spotted in the river. c.The team prepared technical reports. d.A chemistry club member tested water. A.b-d-c-a　 B.b-a-d-c C.d-b-c-a　 D.d-b-a-c 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，学生们先是注意到河里有死鱼，后来化学俱乐部成员在一次常规科学项目中检测水，发现了异常的pH值，从而开始调查。根据第二段最后一句可知，他们的生物老师帮助准备了技术报告。根据最后一段内容可知，法院宣布了判决。所以正确顺序是 b-d-c-a。 4.What can help youth drive change according to Zhou Yi？（　　） A.Legal education in schools. B.Just verdicts on communities. C.Financial aid from lawyers. D.Active involvement of factories. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，周毅认为当年轻人理解并运用法律时，他们就能推动变革，而很多学校在这一开创性案件之后增加了法律教育课程，这说明学校中的法律教育能帮助年轻人推动变革。 B 　　（2025·永州模拟）Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids （电网） are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price.The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial （有争议的） issue as governments consider clean energy strategies， but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate. 　　Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years， but these power sources are intermittent， generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless. 　　Gas power plants， which can be switched on and off relatively easily， are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low.But gas is often the most expensive source of power， and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the price for the entire market. 　　Raúl Bajo-Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more vulnerable to natural gas price shocks.Spain， for example， has large volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price changes.“If you have natural gas， wind and solar， this is going to make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable，” says Bajo-Buenestado. 　　It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue.Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon power grids， such as Norway and France， rely on hydropower and nuclear technology， which are reliable generators.“We don’t see a clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas price changes，” he says. 　　Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back-up fuel of choice.One answer is for grid operators to push the power system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation.“The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables，” says Michael Grubb at University College London. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出电网中大量使用风能和太阳能的国家因天然气价格上涨面临能源账单增加问题，分析了原因并提出解决办法。 5.What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to？（　　） A.How rising gas prices will affect power grids. B.Which countries may face higher energy bills. C.What should be included in clean energy strategies. D.Whether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有争议的问题是脱碳是否与波动的电价有关。 6.What does the underlined word “intermittent” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A.Faulty.　 B.Costly. C.Unstable.　 D.Inefficient. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，风能和太阳能只有在特定条件下才能发电，说明这两种能源是不稳定的。所以画线词intermittent意为“不稳定的”，与Unstable同义。 7.Why is natural gas still needed in high-renewable-energy systems？（　　） A.It helps lower energy costs. B.It can quickly fill gaps in supply. C.It ensures consistent market prices. D.It is a key driver of energy innovation. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在高可再生能源系统中仍然需要天然气是因为它可以迅速填补供应缺口。 8.What might be an ideal combination of power sources？（　　） A.Solar and gas.　 B.Nuclear and gas. C.Solar and wind.　 D.Nuclear and wind. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段和第五段第二句可知，风能和太阳能两种能源是不稳定的，而水电和核电是稳定的。所以，核电（稳定）与风电（可再生）的组合是理想模式。 C 　　（2025·郑州质量预测）Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels.For drivers， this means many new features： automatic braking （刹车）， turn-by-turn directions， and entertainment systems.But carmakers are getting much more.They’re constantly collecting data from our vehicles， like how much we weigh， how fast we drive， how many children we have and even financial information.But who owns and， finally， controls that data？ And what are carmakers doing with it？ 　　The issue of ownership is not clearly known.Drivers usually sign away their rights to data.It’s not unlike buying a smartphone.The difference is that most customers have no idea that vehicles collect data.We know our smartphones collect data and we’ve come to accept that we trade personal information for convenience.With cars， we have no such expectation. 　　What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn’t clear.We know they use it to improve car performance and safety and that they have the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose.The data on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies.You may or may not choose to share it with these services.But while you can turn off location data on your cellphone， there is no opt-out feature for your car. 　　Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or when our cars need to be taken in for service.For almost a century， car owners have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop they trust for maintenance and repair.That may be changing.When carmakers control the data， they can choose which service centers receive our information.They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships （经销商） than with independent repair shops which could have an advantage in price and convenience. 　　It is clear that because of its value — as high as 750 billion dollars by 2030 — carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles.Policymakers， however， have the chance to give drivers control — not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people who want to see it.This will let car owners maintain what they’ve had for a century： the right to decide who fixes their cars. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了汽车制造商收集的车辆数据及其所有权和控制权问题。 9.How is paragraph 2 developed？（　　） A.By expressing ideas. B.By giving examples. C.By exploring reasons. D.By making comparisons. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，本段是通过智能手机和汽车收集的数据进行对比来展开论述的，即通过作比较来展开论述。 10.What does the underlined part “opt-out feature” in paragraph 3 refer to？（　　） A.A useful tool.　　 B.A special part. C.A function to stop something.　　 D.A way to start something. 解析：C　词义猜测题。画线短语上文提到用户可以自主选择是否与这些服务共享。根据But可知，画线部分所在句与上句构成转折关系，尽管你可以关闭手机上的数据位置，但你的汽车却没有停止分享数据位置的功能。据此可推知，画线部分与C项（停止某事的功能）意思相近。 11.What might happen if carmakers control users’ data？（　　） A.More repair shops will appear. B.Carmakers will offer more repair shops. C.Users will spend more on car maintenance. D.Independent repair shops will earn higher profits. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，若汽车制造商控制数据，这意味着用户可能需要为汽车保养花费更多，因为品牌经销商的收费可能会更高。 12.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of vehicle data control？（　　） A.Policies may help drivers gain control of their data. B.Car owners will release control over their vehicle data. C.Drivers should realize the value of their personal data. D.Carmakers may share vehicle data with drivers in no way. 解析：A　观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句可推知，作者认为政策制定者可以让驾驶员掌握对数据的控制权，因此政策可以帮助司机控制他们的数据。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $