主旨大意题（一）-【领跑高中】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习教师用书Word

主旨大意题（一） （建议用时25分钟） A 　　（2025·郑州质量预测）Teacher burnout and student stress may be linked， according to a University of British Columbia study.The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students’ cortisol （皮质醇） levels， which are a biological indicator of stress. 　　Researchers collected saliva （唾液） samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels.They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout， or feelings of emotional tiredness， students’ cortisol levels were increased.Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems. 　　“This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers，” said Eva Oberle， the study’s lead author.Indeed， the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken-and-egg question.It’s unknown what came first — increased cortisol or teacher burnout.We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical （循环的） problem in the classroom. 　　Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of insufficient support for teachers， which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students.A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress.This could be reflected in raised cortisol levels in students. 　　Alternatively， stress could originate from students， who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in worry， behavioral problems， or special needs.In this situation， teachers could feel very tired and report higher levels of burnout. 　　“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut，” said Oberle. 　　“It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions， and that teachers need sufficient resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom，” said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl， the study’s co-author and director of HELP.“If we do not support teachers， we risk the related damage of students.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教师的职业倦怠和学生的压力之间是有联系的。 1.How did researchers measure students’ stress levels？（　　） A.By testing cortisol levels in their saliva. B.By observing their classroom behaviour. C.By requiring students to report their feelings. D.By asking teachers about students’ performance. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究者通过测试学生唾液中的皮质醇程度来测量他们的压力程度。 2.What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　） A.Students’ behaviors lead to teachers’ higher level of burnout. B.Teacher burnout is the cause of the raised cortisol levels in students. C.Students with higher stress are more likely to have learning difficulties. D.Stress and burnout can be a two-way problem between teachers and students. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段第一句可知，紧张的课堂氛围会影响老师有效的管理学生，而学生焦虑、行为问题等的增加让他们更难教，这样就会造成老师更高程度的倦怠。由此可知，第四段和第五段旨在明确学生和教师压力之间的联系是一个循环性问题。 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph？（　　） A.Teachers can solve classroom problems alone. B.Stressful classrooms are mainly caused by students. C.Cutting resources for teachers has no negative effects. D.Providing enough resources helps reduce student stress. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，教师在工作中需要足够的资源和支持，以对抗倦怠、缓解课堂压力，老师压力减少了，学生的压力也就相对来说减少了。因此给教师提供足够多的资源能帮助减小学生的压力。 4.What is the best title for the passage？（　　） A.Cortisol Levels and Learning： Biological Impacts B.Teacher Burnout and Student Stress： A Hidden Link C.Classroom Management and Stress： Practical Solutions D.Student Health and Classroom Performance： Key Factors 解析：B　标题归纳题。通读全文并结合第一段第一句可知，文章主要介绍了英属哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，研究表明教师的倦怠和学生的压力可能是有关联的。 B 　　（2025·东北三省三校联考） “Is there a wife in a wife cake？” asked He Lixi， a local Cantonese. 　　“There is no actual wife in a wife cake， as it is just a traditional Hong Kong pastry （酥皮糕点），” answered Sensechat， a ChatGPT-like product， in fluent Cantonese. 　　He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.Many large language models （LLMs） from the mainland can’t recognize Cantonese accurately.Some Western-developed AI software can listen to Cantonese， but cannot speak it well. 　　Created by a Hong Kong company， Sensechat is the world’s first Cantonese LLM.Cantonese pronunciation uses lots of modal particles （语气助词）， which usually go unnoticed by most AI tools， but Sensechat handles them effectively.Sensechat also handles written form of Cantonese. 　　“Training an LLM takes efforts，” said Cao Jianrong， the chair professor at the Department of Computing at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.“It involves pre-training using extensive data， followed by fine-tuning （微调） with high-quality data.Later， more focused human input is needed to adjust the output of the LLM with local culture， ethics， morals， laws and other rules.” 　　However， Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media， and often contain low-quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult， as many videos have background noise. 　　Despite the challenges， there’s a growing need for Cantonese-speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language， and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools， this population might face challenges using new technology in the future. 　　That’s why local tech companies like Sensechat are stepping up to create these tools.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government is also working with local universities to create Cantonese LLMs. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sensechat这一粤语大语言模型的特点、训练过程、面临的挑战以及粤语人工智能工具的重要性。 5.What can be learnt about Sensechat？（　　） A.It’s the first AI tool in Hong Kong. B.It has an insight into Cantonese culture. C.It focuses only on spoken Cantonese. D.It’s designed to promote Cantonese food. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，Sensechat是何立熙遇到的第一个对粤语语言和文化有着深刻理解的人工智能工具。由此可推测，Sensechat对粤语文化有一定的理解。 6.What challenge does the training of Sensechat meet？（　　） A.A lack of data. B.Complex moral rules. C.Limited audience. D.Unclear training process. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，训练Sensechat面临的挑战是粤语网络资源在数量和质量上都有限，收集清晰的语音数据也很困难。因此训练Sensechat遇到的挑战是缺乏数据。 7.Why is developing Cantonese-speaking AI important？（　　） A.To explore the future of LLMs. B.To expand the Cantonese AI market. C.To promote the Cantonese culture. D.To meet the need of the Cantonese. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第七段内容可知，全球有近1.2亿人说粤语，其中8，520万人是粤语母语使用者，没有粤语人工智能工具，这一群体在未来使用新技术时可能会面临挑战。因此开发说粤语的人工智能很重要是为了满足说粤语人群的需求。 8.What does the text mainly talk about？（　　） A.An impressive breakthrough in AI research. B.A growing demand for AI language tools. C.An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language. D.A challenging case of Cantonese LLM training. 解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以关于“老婆饼”的问答引出Sensechat，接着介绍了Sensechat是世界上第一个粤语大型语言模型，它能有效处理粤语发音中的语气助词和书面形式的粤语，还讲述了训练它面临的挑战以及开发说粤语人工智能的重要性。所以，全文围绕Sensechat这个针对粤语的人工智能工具展开。 C 　　（2025·嘉兴二模）The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a world of time.He was so strict about routine that his fellow citizens of Kocnigsberg could set their watches by his afternoon walk.However， in his philosophical work， Kant was doubtful about time.He believed time is created by the human mind.Out there beyond our minds， there is no time.It’s simply a “category” of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience. 　　The flexibility of our time perception （感知） supports Kant’s doubt.We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations.For example， it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places， or when we are bored or in pain.It seems to speed up when we’re absorbed， such as when we play music or paint. 　　Our perception of time can change in a dramatic way.Perhaps， at least once in your life， you’ve had what is called a “Time Expansion Experience （TEE）”， when seconds have stretched out into minutes.TEEs happen most frequently in accidents where perception becomes more intense than normal and thus people notice more details. 　　In accident situations， people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act.In fact， many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury， or even death.For example， a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said， “For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us.” 　　All of this suggests that Kant was right.Perhaps the reason why time is variable is that it doesn’t really exist — at least， outside our minds.There is no objective time out there in the universe.What we experience as time is filtered （过滤） through our minds， and so varies according to our state of mind. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。 9.Which of the following would Immanuel Kant approve of？（　　） A.Time is a basic quality of the world.　　 B.Time is a record of human experience. C.Time is a situation measured by daily routine.　　 D.Time is a mental concept generated by humans. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。 10.What is the main idea of paragraph 2？（　　） A.Time progresses at a constant speed.　　 B.Full attention affects people’s sense of time. C.Time perception varies depending on context.　　 D.People feel time slows down on special occasions. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。 11.What do people think of TEEs in accidents？（　　） A.Inspiring.　 B.Beneficial. C.Temporary.　 D.Painful. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。 12.What can be a suitable title for the text？ （　　） A.The Secret of Time： A State of Mind B.Time Expansion： Real or Imaginary？ C.Time Perception： A Philosophical Exploration D.The Clockwork of the Mind： How to Measure Time？ 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间随着我们的精神状态而变化。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $