Unit4语法讲解及习题：动词不定式作宾语 2025-2026学年沪外教版八年级英语上册

沪外教英语八上Unit4语法讲解及习题 动词不定式作宾语 一、语法核心讲解 （一）不定式作宾语的基本用法 含义：动词不定式（to do）在句中充当另一个动词的宾语，说明“想要/决定/同意做什么”。 1. 常见动词 + to do 这类动词后直接跟 to do 作宾语： · agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, try 等 例：I want to go home. 例：She decided to help the old man. 例：We like to hang out with friends. 2. 动词 + sb. + to do 这类动词后先接宾语（sb.），再接 to do： · ask, tell, want, would like, teach, show, allow, advise 等 例：My teacher asks me to finish my homework. 例：He showed me how to use the machine. 3. 疑问词 + to do 在 know, ask, show, teach, wonder 等动词后，可用 疑问词（what/when/where/how/who）+ to do 作宾语： 例：I don’t know what to do. 例：She taught me how to cook noodles. 例：We are worried about where to go. （二）特殊结构：it 作形式宾语 当不定式作宾语且后面有宾语补足语（adj./n.）时，常用 it 作形式宾语，把真正的不定式（to do）放在句尾： · 结构：主语 + 动词 + it + adj./n. + to do 例：I find it important to keep a good relationship with neighbours. 例：She thinks it necessary to help others. （三）核心对比表 结构 用法 示例 动词 + to do 直接跟不定式作宾语 I like to hang out with my friends. 动词 + sb. + to do 先接人，再接不定式 The teacher wants us to read more books. 动词 + 疑问词 + to do 疑问词引导不定式 I don’t know how to do it. 动词 + it + adj. + to do it 作形式宾语 I find it important to keep good relations. 二、习题 题型1：单项选择 1. I want __________ to the park with my friends. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 2. She decided __________ a new job in the neighbourhood. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 3. My teacher asks me __________ hard every day. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 4. I don’t know __________ next. A. what to do B. to do what C. what do D. do what 5. He finds it interesting __________ with neighbours. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 6. We hope __________ a better neighbourhood soon. A. build B. to build C. building D. built 7. The teacher teaches us __________ the problem carefully. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 8. I want __________ you to my new neighbourhood. A. invite B. to invite C. inviting D. invited 9. She doesn’t know __________ the machine. A. how to use B. to use how C. how use D. use how 10. We think it necessary __________ the environment. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected 题型2：用所给词的正确形式填空 （一）基础填空 1. I just want __________ (talk) with you about the noise. 2. I’m sorry __________ (hear) that. 3. I will try __________ (be) more careful. 4. How do you manage __________ (keep) quiet? 5. I choose __________ (do) it in a club. （二）篇章填空 1. Everyone always __________ (offer help) in times of need. 2. We often __________ (hold activities) in the neighbourhood centre. 3. We hope to come together to __________ (have a good time). 4. We have decided to __________ (grow fruits and vegetables) together. 5. We are ready __________ (share) the produce. 题型3：句型转换 1. I want to go to the library.（对划线部分提问） → Where __________ you __________ __________ __________? 2. She knows how to use the computer.（改为否定句） → She __________ __________ how to use the computer. 3. My mother tells me to finish my homework.（改为一般疑问句） → __________ your mother __________ __________ to finish your homework? 4. I find it important to help others.（改为同义句） → I find that __________ __________ important __________ __________ others. 5. He wants to be a doctor.（对划线部分提问） → What __________ he __________ __________ __________? 题型4：判断正误并改正 1. （ ）I enjoy to play football. → ____________________ 2. （ ）She wants me help her. → ____________________ 3. （ ）I don’t know what to do it. → ____________________ 4. （ ）He finds it interesting to learn English. → ____________________ 5. （ ）We decide go to the park. → ____________________ 三、答案与解析 题型1：单项选择 1. B 解析：want to do 是固定结构。 2. B 解析：decide to do 是固定结构。 3. B 解析：ask sb. to do 是固定结构。 4. A 解析：疑问词 what + to do 作宾语。 5. B 解析：it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是 to talk。 6. B 解析：hope to do 是固定结构。 7. B 解析：teach sb. to do 是固定结构。 8. B 解析：want to do 是固定结构。 9. A 解析：疑问词 how + to do 作宾语。 10. B 解析：it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是 to protect。 题型2：用所给词的正确形式填空 （一）基础填空 1. to talk 2. to hear 3. to be 4. to keep 5. to do （二）篇章填空 1. offers help 2. hold activities 3. have a good time 4. grow fruits and vegetables 5. to share 题型3：句型转换 1. do; want to do 2. doesn’t know 3. Does; tell you 4. it is; to help 5. does; want to be 题型4：判断正误并改正 1. × 改正：to play → playing（enjoy 后接 doing） 2. × 改正：help → to help（want sb. to do） 3. × 改正：去掉 it（what to do 中 what 已作 do 的宾语） 4. √ 5. × 改正：go → to go（decide to do） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $