专题03 阅读理解 （说明文一）（浙江专用）2026年高考英语一模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文一） 主题01人与自然——自然·科研 Passage 1 （2026·稽阳联谊·一模） Many of us believe that our pets make us healthier and happier. While there is some truth to this, the scientific evidence is more complex than it seems. Research in the field of human-animal interaction has produced mixed results. For example, some studies show that pet owners are less likely to be depressed, while others show the opposite. Experts suggest this inconsistency may occur because people who already feel lonely or depressed might get a pet for comfort, thus affecting the data. One clearer benefit of dog ownership is increased physical activity, thanks to daily walks. A famous 1998 study found that pet owners who had suffered heart attacks were more likely to survive the following year. A 2019 analysis even showed a dramatic 24% lower risk of death for dog owners. However, when researchers adjusted for other factors, such as the owners’ pre-existing health and activity levels, this benefit nearly disappeared. “You’re more likely to have a dog if you’re already active.” explains developmental psychologist Megan Mueller, highlighting that correlation does not equal causation. Consequently, scientists are now looking beyond simple ownership. They are focusing on the quality of the relationship between humans and their pets. “Pets are not a medical intervention; they’re a relationship,” says gerontologist Jessica Bibbo. The level of attachment and emotional support seems to be the true key to health benefits. Controlled experiments support this. A 2025 study found that dog owners had lower stress hormone levels when their pets were present during stressful tasks. In another study, a group of older adults who were given crickets to care for showed improved mental health compared to a control group. This suggests that the act of caring itself, not just the type of animal, can be powerful. The secret to a healthier life, it seems, lies not merely in owning a pet, but in building a strong, supportive bond with it. 1．What does the research in paragraph 2 mainly show us? A．Health benefits of pet ownership. B．Various causes for human loneliness. C．Strong objection to the previous belief. D．Inconsistent results of human-pet studies. 2．How does the writer illustrate pet ownership increases physical activities? A．By listing examples. B．By presenting findings. C．By clarifying concepts. D．By giving definitions. 3．What can be inferred from Jessica Bibbo’s statement? A．The value of pets lies in emotional connection. B．Medical interventions are less effective than pets. C．Scientists have overestimated the benefits of pets. D．Pets should not be used in any medical treatment. 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Human beings need animal companionship. B．Pets serve as the best cure for mental issues. C．Pet ownership alone guarantees a healthy life. D．Human-pet bond contributes to owners’ well-being. Passage 2 （2026·温州·一模） Cities worldwide are witnessing a transformation in urban environments. Wildlife populations in cities are not only surviving but often surpassing those in rural areas. Urban bird populations in cities like Berlin have increased by over 40% in the past two decades. These aren’t just typical pigeons and sparrows, but hawks and owls, and even non-native species that have found urban environments surprisingly pleasant. The urban heat island effect, often seen as a negative consequence of city development, creates micro climates many species find irresistible. Warmer temperatures extend growing seasons, provide frost-free zones, and create diverse micro habitats within a single city block. Urban environments also offer abundant food resource. Raccoon in Toronto have learned some techniques to open garbage cans. The constant availability of food waste and reduced animal hunters in nature create what ecologists call “urban ecological release.” Urban wildlife’s boom (繁荣) not only reshapes ecosystems but brings health benefits to humans. Studies show people in areas with higher biodiversity experience lower rates of autoimmune diseases. Mental health benefits are equally impressive: urban residents who encounter wildlife report lower stress and improved mood. Yet this boom isn’t all positive. Urban animals are developing behaviour changes — increased aggression and interrupted migration routes. Disease spread is also critical as populations grow more crowded, threatening humans and animals alike. Forward-thinking cities are pioneering architectural innovations. Green roofs in Copenhagen aren’t just for beauty — they’re functioning ecosystems supporting plants, insects, and birds, cutting energy costs by up to 30%while providing paths for wildlife to move. Wildlife bridges like Ecoduct de Woeste Hoeve let over 5,000 deer cross highways safely, reducing wildlife-vehicle accidents by 80%. The future of urban wildlife coexistence is promising, driven by tech advances and public awareness — smart tech enables wildlife monitoring, and innovative designs create shared livable spaces. Emerging biotech may revolutionize management: genetic tools help study urban animal adaptation, aiding threatened species. The key is reimagining cities as integrated ecosystems. As urbanization grows, coexistence lessons grow more valuable. The question isn’t whether we can live alongside urban wildlife — it’s whether we dare to embrace the possibilities this partnership offers. 5．What can we know about urban wildlife from Paragraph 1? A．They have grown in diversity. B．They are mainly from rural areas. C．They have adapted to urban pollution. D．They tend to avoid human contact. 6．Why is “urban ecological release” mentioned? A．To present a new ecological concept. B．To stress the constant city development. C．To show the wildlife-friendliness of cities. D．To explain the reduced ecological harm. 7．What can the urban wildlife boom bring? A．Lowered rates of disease spread. B．An improved sense of well-being. C．Impressive migration routes of wildlife. D．Positive behavioural changes in wildlife. 8．What is crucial for urban wildlife coexistence? A．A slower pace of urbanization. B．Adjustment to existing ecosystems. C．Advanced biological technologies. D．An adaptive mindset of coexistence. Passage 3 （2026·北斗星盟·一模） Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used. Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way. The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing. 9．What is the primary function of DolphinGemma? A．To collect dolphin sounds from the wild. B．To generate artificial dolphin-like sounds. C．To teach dolphins human language commands. D．To replace human divers in dolphin communication. 10．How will researchers know if the dolphin truly communicates with CHAT? A．The dolphin swims close to CHAT. B．The dolphin reproduces the AI whistle. C．The dolphin is rewarded with the scarf. D．The dolphin interacts with the passed object. 11．What is Thea Taylor's main concern about the DolphinGemma experiment? A．The ethical issue with using AI on dolphins. B．Human intervention on natural dolphin behavior. C．Whether dolphins truly understand or just seek rewards. D．Whether AI sounds may confuse dolphin communication. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dolphins Play with AI. B．AI Translates Dolphin Language. C．AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D．Dolphins Use AI to Communicate. Passage 4 （2026·强基联盟·一模） When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 13．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 14．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 15．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? Passage 5 （2026·湖州·一模） For a long time, scientists believed the beautiful songs of birds were purely a product of instinct (本能). Peter Marler, a pioneering British animal behaviorist, revolutionized this view through his research into how birds actually learn to sing, earning him the title “the father of birdsong.” Marler’s fascination began in his youth, observing chaffinches (苍头燕雀) in the English countryside. He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. This curiosity defined his career. In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real. His famous study of the white-crowned sparrow in California clearly showed distinct dialects between northern and southern populations. The central question remained: were these dialects inherited or learned? To solve this, Marler designed a series of experiments that would later be regarded as models of clarity. He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. This was decisive evidence that birdsong is a culturally transmitted behavior. Initially, his theory faced doubts from a scientific community that favored instinct-based explanations. The mainstream view still favored instinct, and some dismissed his work as an exception rather than a rule. Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. By transforming lines of numbers into meaningful maps of sound and behavior, he gave the world new eyes to see what had always been hidden in plain hearing. The impact of his work extended far beyond ornithology (鸟类学). It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. 17．What did Marler find while observing chaffinches? A．Seasonal variations in dialects. B．Regional differences in birdsong. C．Slight changes in bird population. D．Common features in bird species. 18．What do the underlined words “culturally transmitted” mean in paragraph 3? A．Found in human language. B．Spread within a single family. C．Passed down through genes. D．Learned from others in a community. 19．What can we infer about Marler? A．His findings were soon accepted. B．He truly respected others’ opinion. C．He was a patient and careful scientist. D．He was the first to study bird behavior. 20．Why was Marler’s theory significant? A．It supported rare bird protection. B．It proved the once-popular theory. C．It made bird research more popular. D．It promoted the study of human speech. Passage 6 （2026·名校协作体·一模） Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 21．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 22．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 23．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 24．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. Passage 7 （2026·新阵地联盟·一模） Can doctors make better cancer treatment decisions if they consult fish? Previous studies have shown that zebrafish avatars could help identify cancer treatments. Rita Fior, a developmental biologist and her colleagues now want to determine whether that ability can benefit patients. Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient, allowing researchers to test multiple cancer drugs or radiation on the patient's tumor cells within 4-7 days — far quicker than traditional mouse models. In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and put the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish “predicted” the outcome of treatment. An added benefit, Fior says, is that avatars can reveal key characteristics of tumors such as whether they are likely to spread. Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze, says Sofia de Oliveira, a biologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “You can visualize the whole animal under the microscope,” she explains, “and easily determine the spread of cancer cells.” In the clinical trial, Fior and her team will test that promise by separating cancer cells from the fluid that builds up in the stomach of people whose cancer cells have spread outside the original site and is usually drained as part of treatment. “We are not doing an extra procedure on the patients,” she says. The cells will then be implanted into the fish embryos. Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best. Most of the patients will receive medications suggested by the zebrafish results. 25．What are zebrafish avatars? A．Models of mouse embryos. B．Radiation on the tumor cells. C．Drugs for multiple cancers. D．Replacements for cancer patients. 26．How do zebrafish avatars help doctors with cancer treatments? A．By forecasting treatment results. B．By predicting where tumors will spread. C．By killing tumor cells in cancer patients. D．By transplanting zebrafish cells into humans. 27．What makes zebrafish an ideal species for cancer research? A．Their similarity to cell cultures. B．Their small sizes and dark embryos. C．Their low cost and ease of analysis. D．Their complex appearance and structure. 28．What is the primary goal of the clinical trial led by Fior and her team? A．To develop new experimental drugs for cancers. B．To test the safety of chemo-therapy on zebrafish. C．To identify the ideal combination of cancer therapies. D．To separate cancer cells from the fluid of cancer patients. Passage 8 （2026·强基联盟·一模） Through evolution, animals have developed numerous ways to protect themselves from predators (捕食者). Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks (臭鼬) use smelly liquid. But these defenses don’t work against cars. Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless — or even harmful. Staying still is the worst choice. Roadkill is a serious threat to wildlife.” Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely. The constant traffic on highways creates what scientists call a “moving fence”— a wall of vehicles that animals avoid crossing. While we often see dead animals like deer or squirrels on roads, we don’t see the ones that never try to cross. This isolation can harm animal populations more than roadkill itself. Chemicals from roads also damage the environment. Every year, the U. S. uses 20 million tons of road salt to melt ice, which pollutes nearby soil and plants. Cars release metals like zinc and copper, and tires leave behind microplastics. These pollutants make roadsides dangerous for creatures like monarch butterflies, even though these areas could otherwise be good habitats. Roadsides sometimes attract animals with food like flowers or berries, but this becomes an “ecological trap”. Animals are drawn to these resources, only to face the danger of traffic. Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals quickly adapt. Researchers in the Bay Area found that when cars disappeared for months, white-crowned sparrows — small songbirds — started singing more complex and varied songs. Without traffic noise, they no longer needed to “shout” and could return to their natural behaviors. This shows how much roads affect wildlife — but also how adaptable animals can be. Despite these challenges, Goldfarb says, certain species have made remarkable adaptations. He notes that Chicago’s urban foxes are said to look both ways before crossing the street. “We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says. “But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.” 29．How does the author start the text in the first paragraph? A．By stating a reason. B．By providing statistics. C．By defining a concept. D．By giving examples. 30．What harmful impact do roads have on wildlife? A．Less food supply. B．Restricted movement. C．Increased predators. D．Species extinction. 31．What can we infer from Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph? A．Roads are not truly harmful to wildlife. B．Urban foxes seldom get hit by vehicles. C．Animals adapt cleverly to dangerous roads. D．Wildlife protection deserves highest attention. 32．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To advocate reducing traffic. B．To preserve wildlife diversity. C．To analyze roads’ effects on wildlife. D．To highlight roadkill danger to animals. Passage 9 （2026·台州·一模） A new study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology revealed when, where and how most songbirds migrate offshore over North American coasts. This data can help wind energy managers cut down on birds dying from hitting wind turbines (涡轮机) while generating sustainable energy. The researchers studied 10 years of weather radar data from 16 sites and found that birds flying over the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico gather more closely and move for a shorter time than those flying over land. More birds also migrate in fall than in spring. Shannon Curley, the study’s lead researcher, explained, “Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing.” This short yet critical time window gives wind energy managers a chance to reduce collisions (相撞). Curley said they could pause turbine work on nights when migration is most intense-a practice that is currently more common in Europe than North America. “These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” The study also found that songbirds migrating offshore fly at lower altitudes than those migrating over land, potentially putting them at greater risk of wind turbine collisions. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service says 140,000 to 327,000 birds die from land turbines each year. But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. With one-third of all American bird species rapidly declining, data-driven decisions about turbine siting and operations can point the way to sustainable energy while also saving birds. “Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions,” Curley said. 33．What can we learn about the songbirds in paragraph 2? A．They favor flying over open seas. B．They become more active on spring nights. C．They are particular about where to rest. D．They time crossings by weather conditions. 34．What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” refer to? A．An ideal balance. B．A moral dilemma. C．An opportunity for profit. D．A place without turbines. 35．Why is it difficult to identify high-risk areas offshore? A．Birds change their travelling routes. B．Wind strength at sea is unpredictable. C．Dead birds’ bodies are hard to trace. D．Radar technology is underdeveloped. 36．What does Curley think of the potential application of the new research? A．Risky. B．Promising. C．Productive. D．Challenging. 主题02人与自然——自然·环境 Passage 10 （2026·绍兴·一模） You go on a beach trip or look out the airplane window, and you could swear the ocean is looking a bit teal. Is the ocean getting greener? It is, according to a recent study in Nature. “The ocean is getting greener because there is more phytoplankton (浮游植物), which contain the pigment chlorophyll (光合色素) that absorbs blue and red light,” said Chris Robbins, associate director of science at the Ocean Conservancy. Moreover, over the past 20 years, there has been a significant greening of the oceans, according to the study. The likely contributor is greenhouse gas emissions. “Emissions are heating up the ocean, resulting in a sharper temperature differential that is dividing the ocean into a shallower warm layer and deeper cold layer,” Robbins explained, “This prevents the transfer of nutrients from the ocean depths to surface waters where phytoplankton live,” he explained. Having fewer nutrients could favor phytoplankton species, meaning they gather at the surface and make the ocean appear greener. However, this greening isn’t dangerous to people. “There is no indication that the increases in phytoplankton species causing the greening effect are harmful,” Robbins said. Scientists are still trying to figure out what this green trend might mean for fish and other sea life. “It could hurt some species while benefiting others,” Robbins said. “If the newly dominant algae (藻类) cannot be eaten by animals that rely on algae for food, there could be spread effects, with some species losing and some winning,” Robbins added. “It could reorganize predator — prey dynamics.” If certain in-demand fish don’t fare well in this new Hunger Games scenario, it could mean a seafood shortage. “If we want to reverse the shift and the changes in the ocean’s ecosystem, we need to focus on replacing fossil fuels with clean energy,” Robbins said. In addition, scientists are working to pinpoint the exact changes in the ocean. Ongoing studies could shed more light on what else is going on under the sea and how it will ultimately impact all of us. 37．What accounts for the greener ocean? A．The sharp decline in marine biodiversity. B．The huge expansion of algae near coasts. C．The massive nutrient transfer between oceans. D．The growing surface algae due to greenhouse gases. 38．Which of the following best describes the impact of ocean greening? A．Destructive. B．Uncertain. C．Harmless. D．Beneficial. 39．What does Robbins suggest about reversing ocean ecosystem changes? A．Switching to clean energy. B．Using more fossil fuels. C．Reducing ocean pollution. D．Controlling ocean greening. 40．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To promote the use of clean energy. B．To advocate marine life protection. C．To explore the greening of the ocean. D．To propose solutions to ocean pollution. Passage 11 （2026·名校协作体·一模） From an early age, Edward Norton was taught what protecting the environment really requires. His father, an environmental lawyer, founded the Grand Canyon Trust and his grandfather was a pioneer in low-income housing policy. Norton built his own career in a different field, becoming one of his generation’s most respected actors. When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity ambassador work. “I am not interested in being some weak sauce kind of spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.” What does nourish Norton is his work with a Kenya-based organization called the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust, which helps the Maasai people to make a living from their land through innovative means. One project that Norton is particularly proud of channels profits from the sale of carbon offsets (碳补偿) to local Maasai communities who use that money to support health, education, and conservation initiatives. One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds. This led Norton to a realization. “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor-funded charity,” he says, “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.” A new model is needed. Norton and his partners argue that tourist dollars being spent in fragile places ought to remain in-country — or better yet, in-community. Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in critical places and will reinvest its profits locally, instead of paying distant shareholders. Norton is optimistic about the model’s prospects, “I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. The needs of people are not going to take a lower priority to the spiritual value of nature. If protecting and restoring nature can’t produce a stronger and more reliable economy, the effort will fail.” 41．How did Norton feel about being a typical celebrity spokesperson? A．Enthusiastic. B．Tolerant. C．Dissatisfied. D．Confused. 42．What is Norton’s main concern about the conservation movement? A．Expansion of its public influence. B．Lack of a stable source of funding. C．Failure to meet the needs of local communities. D．Repetition of the faults of previous generations. 43．What is special about Norton’s new model of conservation? A．Downplaying the value of nature. B．Raising funds from distant donors. C．Focusing on local children’s education. D．Benefiting local economic development. 44．Which of the following words best describe Norton? A．Confident and honest. B．Generous and talented. C．Practical and pioneering. D．Ambitious and conventional. Passage 12 （2026·台州·一模） Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital burnout is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn't just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular hashtags such as #Hiking, #Ice Bathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, reframing nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to reclaim public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Amongst all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have exploded in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 45．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A．Gen Z’s digital overexposure. B．Gen Z’s preference for screens. C．The necessity of digital connection. D．The phenomenon of online addiction. 46．Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A．Double-edged. B．Problem-causing. C．Fun-oriented. D．Ever-changing. 47．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Online platforms advocate eco-tourism. B．Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C．Engaging in outdoor activities is challenging. D．Social fitness events require high-end equipment. 48．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．From Clicks to Cliffs: The Call of the Wild B．Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C．Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time D．Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips Passage 13 （2026·Z20名校联盟·一模） Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 49．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 50．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 51．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 52．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. Passage 14 （2026·宁波·一模） What if you could meet most of your daily needs-shopping, work, education, healthcare-within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from your home? This is the exciting vision of the “15-minute city”, an urban planning concept that gained global attention years ago. However, putting it into practice has sparked unexpected and fierce opposition. The concept was popularized by Mayor Anne Hidalgo of Paris and based on the research of French scholar Carlos Moreno. It suggests a move from city planning centered mainly on cars to one focused on “chronic-urbanism”. The goal is to return urban space to people, with more parks and streets for walking. Advocates argue that this model addresses multiple crises all at the same time: climate change, social isolation, and public health. Despite its apparent benefits, opponents have misrepresented the idea online, framing it as a secret government plan to control people’s free movement. While these claims are baseless, they have gained support, influencing public opinion and making it harder for cities like Oxford and Melbourne to carry out the concept. The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break. The situation mirrors past urban conflicts. For instance, many people opposed creating walking-only streets in city centers decades ago, but now, such areas are mostly loved and valued. The experts of a recent study on sustainable transition conclude that the battle for the 15-minute city is not just about planning; it’s about messaging. Success depends not only on smart design but also on effectively conveying its vision of a more sustainable and human urban future. 53．What can we learn about “chronic-urbanism” in paragraph 2? A．It gives more space to people. B．It aims to expand road networks. C．It focuses on car development. D．It was created by Carlos Moreno. 54．What do the opponents think of the 15-minute city? A．Traffic-slowing. B．Money-wasting. C．Freedom-limiting. D．Tech-demanding. 55．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The challenge of a less car-centered life. B．The significance of private cars. C．The public’s reactions to a new policy. D．The definition of car dependency. 56．What does the experts’ conclusion imply in the last paragraph? A．Public opinions are too hard to change. B．Sustainable transition is the top priority. C．Communication matters as much as design. D．Planning should send an innovative message. Passage 15 （2026·十二校联考·一模） In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 57．What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A．Their high production costs. B．Their limited driving range. C．Their potential negative environmental impact. D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 58．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 59．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 60．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars Passage 16 （2026·名校协作体·返校考） Microplastics have been detected in human brains at far higher concentrations than in other bodily organs — and levels are increasing, having risen 50 percent in eight years. This is the conclusion of a team of researchers from the University of New Mexico (UNM), who said the findings should trigger alarm. “This really changes the landscape. It makes it so much more personal,” UNM professor Matthew Campen said in a statement. “I have not encountered a single human being who says, ‘There’s a bunch of plastic in my brain and I’m totally cool with that’.” Microplastic (smaller than 5 millimeters in size) and nanoplastic (under 0.001 millimeters) pollution have become common in the environment and can get into the food we eat. These plastic bits have been found in various bodily organs — including the kidney, liver — although not at such concentrations as now seen in the brain, the team said. The researchers identified 12 different types of plastic within samples collected from the so-called frontal cortex (前额叶) — the brain region found above and behind the eyes that had been linked to various capabilities from abstract thinking through to motor function. “We start thinking that maybe these plastics block blood flow in small blood tube,” Campen said. “There’s the potential that these nanomaterials interfere with the connections between axons (轴突) in the brain. They could also be a seed for grouping of proteins involved in dementia (痴呆). We just don’t know.” Campen said most of the microplastics that end up in our bodies arrive there via food — meat in particular, as commercial meat production concentrates plastics across the food chain. “The way we irrigate fields with water containing plastic, we assume that the plastic builds up there,” he said. “We feed those crops to our farm animals. We take the animal waste and put it back on the field.” Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in the environment is certain to grow, the researchers warn — for even if we were to cease plastic production tomorrow, existing plastic would still be around to break down into tiny and then super tiny pieces. 61．Why does the author cite Professor Matthew Campen’s words in paragraph 2? A．To emphasize the plastics impacts on individuals. B．To explain the source of plastics in human organs. C．To trigger a quick response from different researchers. D．To advocate for reduction measures in plastic production. 62．What might nanoplastics in the brain lead to? A．Continuous brain aging. B．Immediate memory loss. C．Disturbed neural bonds. D．Complete blood tube blockage. 63．What can be inferred about commercial meat production? A．It relies on polluted irrigation. B．It removes plastics completely. C．It reduces the waste of crops. D．It accumulates plastics in food chain. 64．What does the last paragraph’s warning imply? A．Nanoplastics is less harmful. B．Anti-pollution efforts are effective. C．Existing plastics still pose a threat. D．Stopping production solves pollution. Passage 17 （2026·名校协作体·返校考） Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) , a natural compound found in foods like broccoli and avocado, has emerged as a promising anti-aging supplement (补充物质). As people age, their levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) decline. Since NMN helps boost NAD⁺ production, scientists believe it could slow age-related decline. The current global aging crisis urges studies in this field. With the population over 65 expected to double by 2050, age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s diseases and diabetes have gone up, leading to heavy global socioeconomic and medical burden. Therefore, age management medical practices have been mushrooming in the world for recommending nutritional supplements. And NMN serves as a direct boost to NAD⁺, a vital molecule (分子) that fuels cells with energy and repairs DNA damage. Many studies have been done to explore NMN’s anti-aging effects in various cells and tissues, most of which were done in animal models. For example, according to Fu and Zhang, on an experiment of using NMN in preparation of anti-aging health-care products or drugs on aged mice, it was found that the NMN administration could extend the life span of mice by 29%. Fang investigated that the hearing loss happened to mice could be prevented by improving cochlear (耳蜗) health and restoring outer hair cell loss. Wang also indicated that the use of NMN contributed to the restoration of learning and cognition in rats. However, most evidence comes from lab studies, and human trials remain limited. Also, in terms of intake, early small-scale studies suggest NMN is safe in doses up to 500 mg per day, but experts caution that unregulated high doses (such as 1, 000 mg capsules) could be risky. Alarmingly, despite the lack of comprehensive human data, NMN supplements are already widely marketed. Dr. Jun Lu, a leading researcher, warns: “Nature perfected these systems over millions of years — lab-made versions still can’t fully copy them.” While NMN holds promise, more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness in humans. 65．Why are scientists interested in NMN? A．Because it is a natural compound found in common foods. B．Because it is the only effective anti-aging supplement available. C．Because it may contribute to slowing aging by boosting NAD⁺ levels. D．Because it has been proven to cure Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. 66．The underlined word “administration” in Paragraph 3 most likely means _________. A．government B．interruption C．injection D．accommodation 67．Which of the following words best describes the effectiveness of NMN on humans? A．Revolutionary. B．Promising. C．Invasive. D．Unproven. 68．What is the best title for the passage? A．Animal Studies Prove NMN’s Anti-Aging Effects B．NMN’s Potential and Risks: A Scientific Perspective C．How NMN Supplements Are Dominating the Market D．NMN: The Miracle Anti-Aging Solution Finally Found Passage 18 （2026·嘉兴·一模） The effects of high altitude (海拔) on the human body could protect against obesity (肥胖), according to a study of more than 4 million children across Colombia. The findings support the theory that low oxygen levels drive increased energy consumption, though prior evidence comes mainly from adults. To understand the potential impact on children, Lizcano Losada at the University of La Sabana analysed data on 4.16 million children aged up to 5 years old from 1123 cities. The children were separated into four groups relating to the height above sea level at which they lived: up to 1000 metres, 1001 to 2000 metres, 2001 to 3000 metres or above 3000 metres. In the two lower-altitude regions, around 80 out of every 10,000 children had obesity. However, at altitudes of 2001 to 3000 metres, the prevalence (发生率) of obesity fell to 40 in 10,000. At altitudes above 3000 metres, the prevalence was higher again: 86 out of 10,000. However, the team says this may be a statistical accident, as this data set included fewer cities and children than the other three altitude ranges. “That’s a fair comment,” says David Stensel at Loughborough University. But he also emphasises the study is observational, so it doesn’t prove high altitude prevents obesity. “They’ve tried to make sure they’ve adjusted for the other potential influencing factors,” he says. These include measures of poverty and low income. But “you can’t account for everything”, says Stensel. Assuming high altitude really does make obesity less likely, Stensel says it isn’t clear how this knowledge could be of practical use in reducing the condition. However, Losada argues the findings support the creation of geographically tailored public health strategies. He suggests further studies are needed to better understand the biological pathways linking altitude to childhood obesity, which could lead to more precise health advice for different regions. 69．What was the analysis in Losada’s study mainly based on? A．Grouped data. B．Sample size. C．Children’s age. D．City type. 70．What is the team’s view on the unexpected result of the study? A．It’s a definite trend. B．It’s a chance occurrence. C．It’s a misleading signal. D．It’s a measurement error. 71．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning Stensel in paragraph 4? A．The importance of health knowledge. B．The necessity of actionable strategies. C．The limitation of the research method. D．The complexity of the influencing factors. 72．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Altitude’s Role in Childhood Weight B．Less Oxygen, Healthier Children? C．A New Approach to Fighting Obesity D．Why the Weight Gap in Colombia? Passage 19 （2026·江浙皖·一模） When we think about invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us picture bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use phases of the moon and star light to learn about the world and make vital decisions. Many insects use the faint glow of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial light has been a symbol of progress. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we celebrate its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of our obsession with illumination (照明): light pollution. It’s a disruptor of ecosystems, with profound consequences for wildlife, human health and energy consumption. A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth is a small but essential species. In early spring its caterpillars provide a critical food source for blue tit chicks. But light pollution disorients (使迷惑方向) the adult moths, disrupts mating and affects egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up. In the absence of turning off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their impact. We can limit their number; reduce their intensity and the time they are on. The extent to which invertebrates have responded to artificial light remains unspecified and it also remains unknown whether they can adapt to additional temporal changes. These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies. 73．What do we know about the majority of invertebrates? A．They are active at night. B．They use darkness to hide. C．They are becoming extinct. D．They are intelligent creatures. 74．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning caterpillar populations in paragraph 3? A．The challenge in wildlife conservation. B．The importance of a balanced ecosystem. C．The urgency of saving species through food. D．The effect of light pollution on the food chain. 75．What does the underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Odd. B．Workable. C．Crazy. D．Disturbing. 76．What does the author think of potential management approaches? A．They are pioneering. B．They are easy to apply. C．They prove to be effective. D．They call for in-depth research. Passage 20 （2026·强基联盟·一模） As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 77．What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A．It demands water-free technology. B．It gets high yields with little input. C．It is widely introduced in the world. D．It mixes old and new farming methods. 78．What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A．They are gene editors. B．They are machine operators. C．They are system monitors. D．They are plant programmers. 79．What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A．Low public acceptance. B．Great farmland loss. C．Poor production facilities. D．High energy demands. 80．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. Passage 21 （2026·金丽衢·一模） Germany is transforming a 580-acre abandoned airport into an eco-friendly neighborhood — a project officials hope will serve as a blueprint for other disused airports. The old airport shut down after a new, modern one was built nearby. In 2017, developers announced the 5 million-square-meter Tegel Projekt, which aims to solve urban problems like car pollution and housing shortages. The new area will have large green spaces, bike lanes, and 5,000 affordable, energy-efficient homes for over 10,000 people. It will also include facilities such as daycare centers, schools, and shops; an extra 4, 000 homes are planned for the surrounding areas. “We want people to rediscover public spaces for socializing, playing, or relaxing,” said Constanze Doll, the project’s spokesperson. “Important places like kindergartens, bakeries, and supermarkets can be easily reached on foot”. Eco-friendliness is at the core of the design: vertical gardens on apartment buildings(to keep them cool without expensive, energy-hungry air conditioning), solar panels on every rooftop to supply electricity, and “Sponge City” technology — like pavements that let water seep through and rain gardens — to collect water. Builders will also use local wood and cut emissions to make the construction process carbon-neutral. Turning old airports into neighborhoods isn’t common, but it’s not the first time. For example, in America, after Denver’s main airport moved to a new site 25 miles from the city center, developers turned the old airport(3 miles from town) into a residential community with over 3,500 single-family homes, parks, shops, and even an ice rink in a former aircraft hangar. Next to Tegel’s new neighborhood will be a commercial zone using some old airport infrastructure, including “Urban Tech Republic” for tech companies and a campus for Berliner Hochschule für Technik University. Construction started in 2023, with the first areas opening by 2027, and there are plans for electric buses and a tramway. “The streets and squares will belong to the people again, rather than to cars,” Doll added. 81．Which of the following best describes the new area introduced in Paragraph 3? A．Sustainable and habitable. B．Connected and luxurious. C．High-end and futuristic. D．Developed and multicultural. 82．What can we learn from the Denver airport redevelopment? A．It focused mainly on commercial spaces. B．It served as a model for the Tegel Project. C．It reused old airport for residential purpose. D．It addressed housing shortages for the nation. 83．What might be the author’s attitude towards the Tegel Project? A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant. 84．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Berlin’s Old Airports: History and Current Challenges B．Public Spaces in Cities: Their Role in neighborhoods C．Germany’s Urban Issues: Solving Housing Shortages D．Tegel Airport: From Abandoned Site to Eco-neighborhood Passage 22 （2026·杭州·一模） On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the researchers hope to enhance AI’s landslide detection capabilities. Nava is training AI to identify landslides in two types of satellite images — visual images of the ground surface and radar (雷达) data, the latter of which can see through cloud cover and even acquire images at night. Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. By combining the cloud-penetrating capabilities of radar with the fidelity (准确度) of visual images, Nava hopes to build an AI-powered model that can accurately spot landslides even in poor weather conditions. His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (透明度). He wants to build trust in the model and ensure its outputs are interpretable and actionable by decision-makers. “Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm (算法),” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” 85．What is the key value of Nava’s AI method? A．Ability to predict earthquakes. B．Low cost compared to new satellites. C．Potential to replace human responders. D．Efficiency in processing vast amounts of data. 86．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．A detailed description of how satellites operate. B．The advantages of visual images over radar data. C．The reasons why AI is needed to interpret radar data. D．The history of using satellites for landslide detection. 87．What can we know about Nava’s AI-powered model from paragraph 5? A．It is still in development. B．It has been used just once. C．It is an alternative of satellite images. D．Its significance has been underestimated. 88．What do Nava’s words imply? A．The model’s performance is not satisfactory. B．Developers should have more trust in the model. C．Decision-makers refuse to understand AI’s internal logic. D．The gap between developers and users needs to be bridged. 2 / 33 1 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网 专题03 1.D2.B3.A4.D 9.B 10.B11.C12.C 17.B18.D19.C20.D 25.D 26.A27.C28.C 33.D34.A35.C36.B 41.C42.B43.D 44.C 49.B 50.C51.A 52.D 57.C58.B59.C 60.C 65.C66.C 67.D 68.B 73.A74.D 75.B 76.D 81.A82.C83.B 84.D www.zxxk.com 阅读理解（说明文一） 参考答案 5.A 6.C 7.B 13.A 14.D 15 21.C 22.D 23. 29.D 30.B 31 37.D 38.B 39. 45.A 46.A 47. 53.A 54.C 55 61.A 62.C 63. 69.A 70.B 71 77.B 78.D 79 85.D 86.C 87 1/1 让教与学更高效 8.D B 16.C A 24.B C 32.C A 40.C B 48.C A 56.C D 64.C C 72.A D 80.A A 88.D 专题03 阅读理解（说明文一） 主题01人与自然——自然·科研 Passage 1 （2026·稽阳联谊·一模） Many of us believe that our pets make us healthier and happier. While there is some truth to this, the scientific evidence is more complex than it seems. Research in the field of human-animal interaction has produced mixed results. For example, some studies show that pet owners are less likely to be depressed, while others show the opposite. Experts suggest this inconsistency may occur because people who already feel lonely or depressed might get a pet for comfort, thus affecting the data. One clearer benefit of dog ownership is increased physical activity, thanks to daily walks. A famous 1998 study found that pet owners who had suffered heart attacks were more likely to survive the following year. A 2019 analysis even showed a dramatic 24% lower risk of death for dog owners. However, when researchers adjusted for other factors, such as the owners’ pre-existing health and activity levels, this benefit nearly disappeared. “You’re more likely to have a dog if you’re already active.” explains developmental psychologist Megan Mueller, highlighting that correlation does not equal causation. Consequently, scientists are now looking beyond simple ownership. They are focusing on the quality of the relationship between humans and their pets. “Pets are not a medical intervention; they’re a relationship,” says gerontologist Jessica Bibbo. The level of attachment and emotional support seems to be the true key to health benefits. Controlled experiments support this. A 2025 study found that dog owners had lower stress hormone levels when their pets were present during stressful tasks. In another study, a group of older adults who were given crickets to care for showed improved mental health compared to a control group. This suggests that the act of caring itself, not just the type of animal, can be powerful. The secret to a healthier life, it seems, lies not merely in owning a pet, but in building a strong, supportive bond with it. 1．What does the research in paragraph 2 mainly show us? A．Health benefits of pet ownership. B．Various causes for human loneliness. C．Strong objection to the previous belief. D．Inconsistent results of human-pet studies. 2．How does the writer illustrate pet ownership increases physical activities? A．By listing examples. B．By presenting findings. C．By clarifying concepts. D．By giving definitions. 3．What can be inferred from Jessica Bibbo’s statement? A．The value of pets lies in emotional connection. B．Medical interventions are less effective than pets. C．Scientists have overestimated the benefits of pets. D．Pets should not be used in any medical treatment. 4．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Human beings need animal companionship. B．Pets serve as the best cure for mental issues. C．Pet ownership alone guarantees a healthy life. D．Human-pet bond contributes to owners’ well-being. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们普遍认为宠物有益身心健康，但相关科学证据复杂且结果不一。真正的健康益处源于人与宠物的情感联结及照料行为，而非单纯养宠物本身。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Research in the field of human-animal interaction has produced mixed results. For example, some studies show that pet owners are less likely to be depressed, while others show the opposite. (人与动物互动领域的研究结果参差不齐。例如，一些研究表明养宠物的人不太可能抑郁，而另一些研究则相反)”可知，第二段的研究主要向我们展示了对人与宠物互动的研究结果的不一致。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“One clearer benefit of dog ownership is increased physical activity, thanks to daily walks. A famous 1998 study found that pet owners who had suffered heart attacks were more likely to survive the following year. A 2019 analysis even showed a dramatic 24% lower risk of death for dog owners. (养狗的一个更明显的好处是，由于每天散步，身体活动增加了。1998年一项著名的研究发现，心脏病发作的宠物主人第二年更有可能存活下来。2019年的一项分析甚至显示，养狗的人死亡风险大幅降低了24%)”可知，作者通过呈现研究结果来说明养宠物增加了身体活动。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Pets are not a medical intervention; they’re a relationship,” says gerontologist Jessica Bibbo. The level of attachment and emotional support seems to be the true key to health benefits. (老年学家杰西卡·比博说：“宠物不是一种医疗干预；它们是一种关系。”依恋程度和情感支持似乎是健康益处的真正关键)”可推知，杰西卡·比博认为宠物的价值在于情感联系。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The secret to a healthier life, it seems, lies not merely in owning a pet, but in building a strong, supportive bond with it. (似乎，健康生活的秘诀不仅仅在于养宠物，还在于与它建立牢固、支持性的纽带)”结合文章主要介绍了养宠物与健康之间的关系，养宠物与健康之间的关系并非简单的因果关系，而是人与宠物之间的情感联系和互动质量对健康有重要影响。可知，这篇文章的主旨是人类与宠物的关系有助于主人的健康。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2026·温州·一模） Cities worldwide are witnessing a transformation in urban environments. Wildlife populations in cities are not only surviving but often surpassing those in rural areas. Urban bird populations in cities like Berlin have increased by over 40% in the past two decades. These aren’t just typical pigeons and sparrows, but hawks and owls, and even non-native species that have found urban environments surprisingly pleasant. The urban heat island effect, often seen as a negative consequence of city development, creates micro climates many species find irresistible. Warmer temperatures extend growing seasons, provide frost-free zones, and create diverse micro habitats within a single city block. Urban environments also offer abundant food resource. Raccoon in Toronto have learned some techniques to open garbage cans. The constant availability of food waste and reduced animal hunters in nature create what ecologists call “urban ecological release.” Urban wildlife’s boom (繁荣) not only reshapes ecosystems but brings health benefits to humans. Studies show people in areas with higher biodiversity experience lower rates of autoimmune diseases. Mental health benefits are equally impressive: urban residents who encounter wildlife report lower stress and improved mood. Yet this boom isn’t all positive. Urban animals are developing behaviour changes — increased aggression and interrupted migration routes. Disease spread is also critical as populations grow more crowded, threatening humans and animals alike. Forward-thinking cities are pioneering architectural innovations. Green roofs in Copenhagen aren’t just for beauty — they’re functioning ecosystems supporting plants, insects, and birds, cutting energy costs by up to 30%while providing paths for wildlife to move. Wildlife bridges like Ecoduct de Woeste Hoeve let over 5,000 deer cross highways safely, reducing wildlife-vehicle accidents by 80%. The future of urban wildlife coexistence is promising, driven by tech advances and public awareness — smart tech enables wildlife monitoring, and innovative designs create shared livable spaces. Emerging biotech may revolutionize management: genetic tools help study urban animal adaptation, aiding threatened species. The key is reimagining cities as integrated ecosystems. As urbanization grows, coexistence lessons grow more valuable. The question isn’t whether we can live alongside urban wildlife — it’s whether we dare to embrace the possibilities this partnership offers. 5．What can we know about urban wildlife from Paragraph 1? A．They have grown in diversity. B．They are mainly from rural areas. C．They have adapted to urban pollution. D．They tend to avoid human contact. 6．Why is “urban ecological release” mentioned? A．To present a new ecological concept. B．To stress the constant city development. C．To show the wildlife-friendliness of cities. D．To explain the reduced ecological harm. 7．What can the urban wildlife boom bring? A．Lowered rates of disease spread. B．An improved sense of well-being. C．Impressive migration routes of wildlife. D．Positive behavioural changes in wildlife. 8．What is crucial for urban wildlife coexistence? A．A slower pace of urbanization. B．Adjustment to existing ecosystems. C．Advanced biological technologies. D．An adaptive mindset of coexistence. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。全球城市野生动物数量与多样性增长，城市热岛效应、充足食物等使其繁荣，带来健康益处但也存在隐患，城市通过创新设计推动人与野生动物共存。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“These aren’t just typical pigeons and sparrows, but hawks and owls, and even non-native species that have found urban environments surprisingly pleasant. (这些可不是普通的鸽子和麻雀，而是鹰和猫头鹰，甚至还有一些非本土物种，它们居然也觉得城市环境十分宜人。)”可知，城市野生动物在种类上变得更加丰富了。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“The urban heat island effect, often seen as a negative consequence of city development, creates micro climates many species find irresistible. Warmer temperatures extend growing seasons, provide frost-free zones, and create diverse micro habitats within a single city block. Urban environments also offer abundant food resource. Raccoon in Toronto have learned some techniques to open garbage cans. The constant availability of food waste and reduced animal hunters in nature create what ecologists call “urban ecological release.” (城市热岛效应通常被视为城市发展带来的负面后果，但它却造就了许多物种趋之若鹜的微气候环境。温暖的气温延长了作物的生长季节，提供了无霜期，并在单个城市街区内部形成了多样化的微小栖息地。城市环境还提供了丰富的食物资源。在多伦多，浣熊已经学会了打开垃圾桶的一些技巧。食物废弃物的持续供应以及自然界中捕食动物数量的减少，造就了生态学家所说的“城市生态释放。”)”可知，提及“城市生态释放”这一概念旨在展示城市对野生动物的友好程度。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Urban wildlife’s boom (繁荣) not only reshapes ecosystems but brings health benefits to humans. Studies show people in areas with higher biodiversity experience lower rates of autoimmune diseases. Mental health benefits are equally impressive: urban residents who encounter wildlife report lower stress and improved mood. (城市野生动物数量的激增不仅改变了生态系统，还为人类带来了健康益处。研究表明，在生物多样性较高的地区生活的人群患自身免疫性疾病的比例更低。心理健康方面的益处同样显著：与未曾与野生动物接触的居民相比，那些与野生动物有过接触的市民报告称压力更低，情绪也更好。)”可知，城市野生动物数量的激增会带来一种更加强烈的幸福感。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The key is reimagining cities as integrated ecosystems. As urbanization grows, coexistence lessons grow more valuable. (关键在于将城市重新构想为一个相互关联的生态系统。随着城市化进程的加快，关于如何实现和谐共处的经验教训变得愈发重要。)”可知，对于城市中的野生动物而言，实现和谐共存的关键因素是一种适应性的共存思维模式。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·北斗星盟·一模） Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used. Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way. The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing. 9．What is the primary function of DolphinGemma? A．To collect dolphin sounds from the wild. B．To generate artificial dolphin-like sounds. C．To teach dolphins human language commands. D．To replace human divers in dolphin communication. 10．How will researchers know if the dolphin truly communicates with CHAT? A．The dolphin swims close to CHAT. B．The dolphin reproduces the AI whistle. C．The dolphin is rewarded with the scarf. D．The dolphin interacts with the passed object. 11．What is Thea Taylor's main concern about the DolphinGemma experiment? A．The ethical issue with using AI on dolphins. B．Human intervention on natural dolphin behavior. C．Whether dolphins truly understand or just seek rewards. D．Whether AI sounds may confuse dolphin communication. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dolphins Play with AI. B．AI Translates Dolphin Language. C．AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D．Dolphins Use AI to Communicate. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科研团队借助人工智能模型研究海豚交流方式，尝试生成海豚声音并验证其能否实现与海豚的沟通。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. (准备就绪后，DolphinGemma能够生成与录音相似的声音。其中约一半只是海洋噪音，其余的则模仿了海豚的咔嗒声、哨声和脉冲串。)”可知，DolphinGemma的主要功能是生成类似海豚的人工声音。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. (CHAT设备会播放一段人工智能生成的海豚哨声，“索要”一个物品，比如一条围巾。与此同时，潜水员会来回传递这个物品。如果海豚模仿出这种哨声，潜水员就会把围巾奖励给它。)”可知，当海豚模仿出AI生成的哨声时，研究人员就能判断海豚在和CHAT进行交流。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it’s the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. (她提醒研究人员必须确认海豚是在进行交流，而不是为了获取物品而单纯模仿声音。泰勒说：“我们必须思考，这到底是对语言的理解，还是和训练狗狗坐下以获取奖励是同一回事。”)”可知，西娅·泰勒的主要担忧是海豚究竟是真正理解了交流内容，还是仅仅为了获取奖励而模仿声音。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). (如今，谷歌和佐治亚理工学院的研究人员希望借助人工智能，去理解海豚的语言，甚至有可能和它们进行交流。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕人工智能助力研究海豚交流展开，“AI Dives into Dolphin Talk(人工智能探索海豚的语言)” 这个标题既点明了核心工具人工智能，又突出了研究对象海豚的交流，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2026·强基联盟·一模） When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. A study led by primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Isabelle Laumer at the Max Planck Institute reveals fascinating insights. “We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” Over 75 hours of video recordings showed this behavior mirrors how human children joke: repetitive, surprising, and aimed at seeking responses. The researchers noted that the apes even paused to watch for the adult’s reaction, much like a child waiting to see if their joke landed. But humor in animals may not be limited to apes. Dog owners often notice their pets making breathy, snorting sounds during play, which some scientists interpret as laughter. In a 2025 study, researchers found that playing these sounds to shelter dogs reduced their stress levels. Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting, elephants trumpet excitedly when playing, and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun. Why might animals exhibit humor? In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. Some researchers believe these behaviors may have evolved (进化) to help animals manage complex social ranks or reduce conflict. However, Laumer cautions that more research is needed to confirm this theory, as observing humor in animals remains challenging. While we may never know if animals understand punchlines, their behaviors hint at humor’s deep evolutionary roots. As Laumer reflects: “The line between human and animal laughter isn’t as sharp as we thought.” 13．What did Laumer’s study find about young apes? A．They enjoy teasing others. B．They often fight in groups. C．They seek adult protection. D．They learn from human kids. 14．What does the underlined word “trumpet” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Wag. B．Smile. C．Nod. D．Shout. 15．Why might animals show humor? A．To improve social status. B．To strengthen social bonds. C．To win in complex conflicts. D．To get much more pleasure. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Social Behaviors B．Do Animals Copy Our Laughs? C．Animals Play Tricks Too D．Why Animals Understand Humor? 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通常人们认为幽默感是人类独有的特质，但近期研究表明，动物（尤其是类人猿）也可能表现出类似幽默的行为，且此类行为或有其进化意义，同时也指出观察动物幽默仍具挑战性，人与动物笑声的界限并非如想象中清晰。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““We documented young apes deliberately sneaking up to hit adults, then waiting expectantly for a reaction,” Laumer explains. “This isn’t random play — it meets all the criteria of intentional teasing.” (“我们记录了年轻的猿类故意偷偷摸摸地袭击成年猿，然后期待着成年猿的反应，”劳尔解释说。“这不是随机的游戏——它符合故意戏弄的所有标准。”)”可知，劳尔的研究发现，幼猿会故意捉弄成年猿类。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Similarly, dolphins emit joyful sounds during play-fighting (同样，海豚在打闹时也会发出欢快的声音)”及下文“and some parrots tease other animals — like confusing dogs with whistles — just for fun.( 一些鹦鹉会戏弄其他动物——比如用口哨把狗弄混——只是为了好玩)”可知，此处在描述动物玩耍时的声音表现。由此推知，划线词trumpet是指大象在玩耍时发出声音，与shout“大声叫喊”意思接近。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In humans, laughter strengthens social connections and eases tension. Scientists argue that playful teasing in apes or “laughter” in dogs could serve a similar purpose — breaking the ice and reinforcing relationships. (对人类来说，笑能加强社会联系，缓解紧张。科学家们认为，猿的嬉闹或狗的“笑”也能起到类似的作用——打破僵局，加强关系)”可知，动物表现幽默可能是为了加强社会联系。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“When we think about what makes humans unique, a good sense of humor is often high on the list. Laughter and playful teasing seem like traits only we possess. However, recent research suggests that animals — particularly great apes — may also engage in behavior that resembles humor. (当我们思考是什么让人类与众不同时，良好的幽默感往往名列前茅。笑和开玩笑似乎只有我们才拥有。然而，最近的研究表明，动物——尤其是类人猿——也可能有类似幽默的行为)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现动物（如猿类、狗、海豚、大象、鹦鹉等）会表现出类似幽默的行为（如捉弄、发出类似笑声的声音等），说明动物也会“耍小聪明”。由此可知，“Animals Play Tricks Too(动物也会恶作剧)”适合作本文标题。故选C。 Passage 5 （2026·湖州·一模） For a long time, scientists believed the beautiful songs of birds were purely a product of instinct (本能). Peter Marler, a pioneering British animal behaviorist, revolutionized this view through his research into how birds actually learn to sing, earning him the title “the father of birdsong.” Marler’s fascination began in his youth, observing chaffinches (苍头燕雀) in the English countryside. He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. This curiosity defined his career. In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real. His famous study of the white-crowned sparrow in California clearly showed distinct dialects between northern and southern populations. The central question remained: were these dialects inherited or learned? To solve this, Marler designed a series of experiments that would later be regarded as models of clarity. He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. This was decisive evidence that birdsong is a culturally transmitted behavior. Initially, his theory faced doubts from a scientific community that favored instinct-based explanations. The mainstream view still favored instinct, and some dismissed his work as an exception rather than a rule. Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. By transforming lines of numbers into meaningful maps of sound and behavior, he gave the world new eyes to see what had always been hidden in plain hearing. The impact of his work extended far beyond ornithology (鸟类学). It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. 17．What did Marler find while observing chaffinches? A．Seasonal variations in dialects. B．Regional differences in birdsong. C．Slight changes in bird population. D．Common features in bird species. 18．What do the underlined words “culturally transmitted” mean in paragraph 3? A．Found in human language. B．Spread within a single family. C．Passed down through genes. D．Learned from others in a community. 19．What can we infer about Marler? A．His findings were soon accepted. B．He truly respected others’ opinion. C．He was a patient and careful scientist. D．He was the first to study bird behavior. 20．Why was Marler’s theory significant? A．It supported rare bird protection. B．It proved the once-popular theory. C．It made bird research more popular. D．It promoted the study of human speech. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍“鸟类鸣叫之父”彼得・马(Peter Marler)，其通过研究发现鸟类鸣叫存在地区差异且需学习，颠覆本能论，还为人类语言研究提供模型。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“He noticed slight but consistent differences in the songs of birds from different regions, much like human dialects. (他注意到来自不同地区的鸟类，其歌声存在细微但一致的差异，很像人类的方言。)”可知，马勒观察苍头燕雀时发现了鸟类歌声的地区差异。故选B项。 18．词义猜测题。根据第三段“He raised young birds in complete vocal isolation from adults. These isolated birds only produced simple, natural calls, proving that the full, complex song was not automatic. However, when he played recordings of adult songs to them during a critical learning period after hatching, they successfully learned and sang the complete tune. (他让幼鸟在完全隔绝成鸟叫声的环境中成长。这些被隔离的幼鸟仅能发出简单的本能鸣叫，这表明完整复杂的鸣唱并非天生。但如果在幼鸟孵化后的关键学习期给它们播放成鸟的鸣唱录音，它们就能成功学会并唱出完整的曲调。)”可知，鸟类的复杂歌声是通过学习同类的声音获得的。因此“culturally transmitted”指“在群体中向他人学习并传递”。故选D项。 19．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the 1950s, he began carefully recording these songs. Using a crucial tool called a spectrogram, which visually represents sound, he was able to scientifically confirm that these regional variations, or “dialects,” were indeed real.(20世纪50年代，他开始仔细录制这些鸣叫。借助一种名为声谱图的关键工具 —— 这种工具能将声音可视化呈现 —— 他得以用科学方法证实，这些区域性差异（即“方言”）确实存在。)”和第四段“Marler, however, quietly continued his careful studies. Gradually, his well-designed methods and undeniable evidence won over the community. (然而，马勒仍默默继续他严谨的研究。渐渐地，他设计精良的方法和无可辩驳的证据说服了科学界。)”可知，马勒是一位耐心且严谨的科学家。故选C项。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It provided a powerful, simpler model for scientists studying the incredibly complex evolution of human language, suggesting our own speech may have roots in similar vocal learning processes. (它为研究人类语言极其复杂演化过程的科学家提供了一个有力且更简单的模型，表明我们人类的语言可能源于类似的声音学习过程。)”可知，马勒的理论意义在于推动了人类语言研究。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2026·名校协作体·一模） Doctor Dolittle, the well-known, fictional naturalist who famously possesses the ability to converse with animals and understand their languages has now inspired a high-paying science prize aimed at cracking the challenge of interspecies communication. A grand prize of $500,000, awaits whichever research team can make real progress: not just decoding the language of another species but using it to draw a reply from an animal. Last week, an initial $100,000 went to a US team studying dolphin whistles — after decades of recording bottlenose dolphins in Florida, they identified around 20 distinct messaging whistles. The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. If we were able to decode animal chatter, should this knowledge change how we treat them, whether as pets, labour or food? The prize presents a moral challenge and it forces us to reconsider our relationships with other species. Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.” While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. 21．Why is Turing test mentioned in the passage? A．To stress its role and value in AI progress. B．To show its difference from the Challenge. C．To warn of concerns the Challenge may face. D．To show its use in interspecies communication. 22．Which research would Birch approve of to win the prize? A．People communicating with their pets. B．People directing sheepdogs during work. C．Researchers recording how cattle communicate. D．Researchers interacting with birds using whistles. 23．What does the “move the dial” mean in the last paragraph? A．Make a change. B．Win the prize. C．Slow the process. D．Continue the research. 24．What’s the author’s attitude toward the practical effect of the research? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Dismissive. 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍以杜立德医生为灵感设立的科勒·杜立德挑战奖，旨在推动跨物种交流研究，同时探讨该研究面临的道德问题与实际效果争议。 21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Coller Dolittle Challenge financed by Jeremy Coller, a vegan and animal lover, is unashamedly modelled on the Turing test (图灵测试). That 20th-century test promotes efforts to design a machine capable of imitating human conversation, and became a touchstone in the evolution of AI. It also became a focus for concerns about machines tricking, even taking over, humans. The ability to commune with other species is likely to raise similar, unsettling questions as research progresses. (由素食主义者兼动物爱好者杰里米·科勒资助的“科勒·杜立德挑战奖”，毫不避讳地以图灵测试为蓝本。这项诞生于20世纪的测试，推动了人们研发能够模仿人类对话的机器，成为人工智能发展史上的一块试金石。它同时也引发了人们的担忧——担心机器会欺骗甚至掌控人类。而随着研究的推进，与其他物种进行交流的能力，也可能引发类似的、令人不安的问题)”可知，提及图灵测试是为了指出该挑战奖可能面临与图灵测试类似的担忧。故选C项。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段“Philosopher Jonathan Birch, also a judge of the Jeremy Coller Centre, stressed that the Challenge is looking beyond the interspecies communication we have with pets, or that a farmer has with a sheepdog. Those relationships involve signalling and behavioural responses, Birch explains, “but that’s not telling us how animals communicate with each other... this prize is about understanding it so well that we can start to join the conversation.”(哲学家乔纳森·伯奇同时也是杰里米·科勒中心的评委，他强调，该挑战关注的跨物种交流，远不止我们与宠物之间、或是农民与牧羊犬之间的那种交流。伯奇解释道：“那些关系涉及信号传递和行为反应，但这并不能让我们了解动物之间是如何交流的……这个奖项的目的，是要充分理解动物间的交流方式，从而让我们能够参与到这种交流之中。”)”可知，伯奇认可的获奖研究应是能让人类参与到动物交流中的研究，“研究人员用口哨与鸟类互动”符合“参与交流”的特点。故选D项。 23．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures.(虽然科勒希望他的慈善项目能改变我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即使是突破性的研究，在很大程度上也未能move the dial动物的福利状况。最近关于头足类动物智力的研究，也未能阻止养殖这类动物的计划)”可知，“头足类动物智力研究未能阻止其养殖计划”是对“未能move the dial on their welfare”的举例说明，由此可推测“move the dial”意为“产生改变、带来影响”。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While Coller hopes his charity will reshape our attitude to animals, the truth is that even groundbreaking research has largely failed to move the dial on their welfare. Recent work on cephalopod’s (头足类动物) intelligence has not stopped plans to farm the creatures. We might one day be able to understand what animals are saying — but there is no guarantee we will listen. (虽然科勒希望他的慈善项目能改变我们对动物的态度，但事实是，即便具有突破性的研究，在很大程度上也未能改变动物的福利状况。最近关于头足类动物智力的研究，并未阻止人们养殖这类动物的计划。也许有一天我们能理解动物在说什么——但无法保证我们会听从它们的声音)”可知，作者指出研究在改善动物福利方面效果有限，对研究的实际效果持怀疑态度。故选B项。 Passage 7 （2026·新阵地联盟·一模） Can doctors make better cancer treatment decisions if they consult fish? Previous studies have shown that zebrafish avatars could help identify cancer treatments. Rita Fior, a developmental biologist and her colleagues now want to determine whether that ability can benefit patients. Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient, allowing researchers to test multiple cancer drugs or radiation on the patient's tumor cells within 4-7 days — far quicker than traditional mouse models. In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and put the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish “predicted” the outcome of treatment. An added benefit, Fior says, is that avatars can reveal key characteristics of tumors such as whether they are likely to spread. Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze, says Sofia de Oliveira, a biologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “You can visualize the whole animal under the microscope,” she explains, “and easily determine the spread of cancer cells.” In the clinical trial, Fior and her team will test that promise by separating cancer cells from the fluid that builds up in the stomach of people whose cancer cells have spread outside the original site and is usually drained as part of treatment. “We are not doing an extra procedure on the patients,” she says. The cells will then be implanted into the fish embryos. Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best. Most of the patients will receive medications suggested by the zebrafish results. 25．What are zebrafish avatars? A．Models of mouse embryos. B．Radiation on the tumor cells. C．Drugs for multiple cancers. D．Replacements for cancer patients. 26．How do zebrafish avatars help doctors with cancer treatments? A．By forecasting treatment results. B．By predicting where tumors will spread. C．By killing tumor cells in cancer patients. D．By transplanting zebrafish cells into humans. 27．What makes zebrafish an ideal species for cancer research? A．Their similarity to cell cultures. B．Their small sizes and dark embryos. C．Their low cost and ease of analysis. D．Their complex appearance and structure. 28．What is the primary goal of the clinical trial led by Fior and her team? A．To develop new experimental drugs for cancers. B．To test the safety of chemo-therapy on zebrafish. C．To identify the ideal combination of cancer therapies. D．To separate cancer cells from the fluid of cancer patients. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了斑马鱼化身在癌症治疗中的应用，包括其定义、作用、作为癌症研究理想物种的原因以及相关临床试验的主要目标。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zebrafish avatars are tiny, fast-growing models of individual cancer patients created by transplanting the patient's own tumor (肿瘤) cells into 2-day-old zebrafish embryos (胚胎). These tiny fish then act as living substitutes for the patient(斑马鱼化身是通过将患者自身的肿瘤细胞移植到2天大的斑马鱼胚胎中而创建的个体癌症患者的小型、快速生长的模型。然后，这些小鱼就成为病人的活体替代品)”可知，斑马鱼化身是癌症患者的替代品。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a 2024 report in Nature Communications, the scientists generated avatars for 55 patients and putting the fish on the same type of chemo-therapy the people received. For 50 of the patients, the fish "predicted" the outcome of treatment.(在《自然通讯》2024年的一份报告中，科学家们为55名患者生成了“化身”，并对这些鱼进行了与人类相同类型的化疗。对于其中50名患者，斑马鱼“预测”了治疗结果。)”可知，斑马鱼化身通过预测治疗效果来帮助医生进行癌症治疗。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Zebrafish are more similar to humans than cell cultures and far cheaper to raise than mice. The small, transparent embryos are also easier to analyze(与细胞培养物相比，斑马鱼与人类更相似，且饲养成本远低于小鼠。这些微小、透明的胚胎也更容易分析)”可知，斑马鱼成为癌症研究理想物种的原因是成本低且易于分析，故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Instead of testing experimental drugs, as many other clinical trials do, the study will determine which combination of treatments works best.(与许多其他临床试验不同，该研究并不测试实验性药物，而是确定哪种治疗组合效果最好。)”可知，Fior及其团队开展的临床试验的主要目标是确定理想的癌症治疗组合，故选C。 Passage 8 （2026·强基联盟·一模） Through evolution, animals have developed numerous ways to protect themselves from predators (捕食者). Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks (臭鼬) use smelly liquid. But these defenses don’t work against cars. Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless — or even harmful. Staying still is the worst choice. Roadkill is a serious threat to wildlife.” Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely. The constant traffic on highways creates what scientists call a “moving fence”— a wall of vehicles that animals avoid crossing. While we often see dead animals like deer or squirrels on roads, we don’t see the ones that never try to cross. This isolation can harm animal populations more than roadkill itself. Chemicals from roads also damage the environment. Every year, the U. S. uses 20 million tons of road salt to melt ice, which pollutes nearby soil and plants. Cars release metals like zinc and copper, and tires leave behind microplastics. These pollutants make roadsides dangerous for creatures like monarch butterflies, even though these areas could otherwise be good habitats. Roadsides sometimes attract animals with food like flowers or berries, but this becomes an “ecological trap”. Animals are drawn to these resources, only to face the danger of traffic. Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals quickly adapt. Researchers in the Bay Area found that when cars disappeared for months, white-crowned sparrows — small songbirds — started singing more complex and varied songs. Without traffic noise, they no longer needed to “shout” and could return to their natural behaviors. This shows how much roads affect wildlife — but also how adaptable animals can be. Despite these challenges, Goldfarb says, certain species have made remarkable adaptations. He notes that Chicago’s urban foxes are said to look both ways before crossing the street. “We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says. “But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.” 29．How does the author start the text in the first paragraph? A．By stating a reason. B．By providing statistics. C．By defining a concept. D．By giving examples. 30．What harmful impact do roads have on wildlife? A．Less food supply. B．Restricted movement. C．Increased predators. D．Species extinction. 31．What can we infer from Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph? A．Roads are not truly harmful to wildlife. B．Urban foxes seldom get hit by vehicles. C．Animals adapt cleverly to dangerous roads. D．Wildlife protection deserves highest attention. 32．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To advocate reducing traffic. B．To preserve wildlife diversity. C．To analyze roads’ effects on wildlife. D．To highlight roadkill danger to animals. 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．C 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了道路对野生动物产生的多方面影响，包括道路致死、阻碍迁徙、造成污染以及形成生态陷阱等，同时也提到了动物在交通减少时的适应能力和某些物种的适应性变化。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“Through evolution, animals have developed numerous ways to protect themselves from predators (捕食者). Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks (臭鼬) use smelly liquid.  (通过进化，动物发展出了许多保护自己免受捕食者伤害的方法。乌龟躲在壳里，臭鼬使用有臭味的液体。)”可知，作者在第一段通过列举乌龟和臭鼬保护自己的例子开启全文。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely. The constant traffic on highways creates what scientists call a “moving fence” — a wall of vehicles that animals avoid crossing. (道路还起到了屏障的作用，阻碍动物自由活动。高速公路上川流不息的车辆形成了科学家们所说的“移动围栏”——一道由车辆组成的墙，动物们会避开穿越这道墙。)”可知，道路对野生动物的有害影响之一是限制了它们的活动。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He notes that Chicago’s urban foxes are said to look both ways before crossing the street. “We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says. “But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.” (他指出，芝加哥的都市狐狸过马路时据说会左右张望。“我们总把道路看作对动物普遍或唯一有害的力量，它们确实极具破坏性，”他说，“但野生动物也展现出惊人的适应能力和智慧，许多动物正在我们身边找到生存之道。”)”可知，从Goldfarb的话中可以推断出动物能聪明地适应危险的道路环境。故选C项。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But these defenses don’t work against cars. Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless — or even harmful. Staying still is the worst choice. Roadkill is a serious threat to wildlife.” (但这些防御手段在汽车面前毫无用处，甚至还会带来危害。环境记者Ben Goldfarb解释道：“面对汽车时，这些防御方法不仅没用，甚至可能有害。一动不动是最糟糕的选择。道路致死是野生动物面临的一个严重威胁。”)”并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕道路对野生动物的影响展开，依次阐述了公路导致的路杀现象以及公路阻碍动物迁徙、带来化学污染、形成“生态陷阱”等负面影响，同时也提到了部分物种的适应性调整。整体是在分析公路对野生动物多方面的影响。故选C项。 Passage 9 （2026·台州·一模） A new study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology revealed when, where and how most songbirds migrate offshore over North American coasts. This data can help wind energy managers cut down on birds dying from hitting wind turbines (涡轮机) while generating sustainable energy. The researchers studied 10 years of weather radar data from 16 sites and found that birds flying over the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico gather more closely and move for a shorter time than those flying over land. More birds also migrate in fall than in spring. Shannon Curley, the study’s lead researcher, explained, “Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing.” This short yet critical time window gives wind energy managers a chance to reduce collisions (相撞). Curley said they could pause turbine work on nights when migration is most intense-a practice that is currently more common in Europe than North America. “These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” The study also found that songbirds migrating offshore fly at lower altitudes than those migrating over land, potentially putting them at greater risk of wind turbine collisions. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service says 140,000 to 327,000 birds die from land turbines each year. But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. With one-third of all American bird species rapidly declining, data-driven decisions about turbine siting and operations can point the way to sustainable energy while also saving birds. “Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions,” Curley said. 33．What can we learn about the songbirds in paragraph 2? A．They favor flying over open seas. B．They become more active on spring nights. C．They are particular about where to rest. D．They time crossings by weather conditions. 34．What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” refer to? A．An ideal balance. B．A moral dilemma. C．An opportunity for profit. D．A place without turbines. 35．Why is it difficult to identify high-risk areas offshore? A．Birds change their travelling routes. B．Wind strength at sea is unpredictable. C．Dead birds’ bodies are hard to trace. D．Radar technology is underdeveloped. 36．What does Curley think of the potential application of the new research? A．Risky. B．Promising. C．Productive. D．Challenging. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．C 36．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示北美海岸鸣禽近海迁徙规律，为风电运营商提供数据支持，可通过调整涡轮机运行保护鸟类，助力绿色能源与生态保护平衡。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds migrate over the sea on fewer nights than over land. There’s no place to rest and refuel on the water, so birds may wait for ideal atmospheric conditions, such as favorable winds, before making an offshore crossing. (鸟类在海上迁徙的夜晚比在陆地上少。水面上没有休息和补充能量的地方，所以鸟类在进行近海迁徙前可能会等待理想的大气条件，比如适宜的风。)”可知，鸣禽会根据天气条件选择迁徙时机。故选D项。 34．词句猜测题。根据第三段“These peak nights of migration tend to have fairly nice weather and calmer winds, and are therefore not the nights when wind operators have a huge energy harvest,”Curley noted. “So there might be a sweet spot where we can target these big migration nights and give these birds safe passage.” (柯利指出：“这些鸟类迁徙的高峰夜晚，天气往往晴好、风力平缓，因此并非风电运营商获取大量能源的时段。所以或许存在 a sweet spot —— 我们可以针对这些大规模迁徙的夜晚，为鸟类开辟安全通道。”)”可知，a sweet spot指的是 “理想平衡”，既不影响能源收获，又能保护鸟类。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第四段“But no one knows how many die from offshore turbines, since dead birds’ bodies wash away easily. So using radar technology to identify high-risk areas is key. (但没人知道有多少鸟类死于近海涡轮机，因为死鸟的尸体很容易被冲走。因此，使用雷达技术识别高风险区域至关重要。)”可知，近海高风险区域难以识别是因为死鸟尸体难以追踪。故选C项。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our hope is that this work will help identify high-risk, high-use areas for birds and contribute to positive green energy solutions, (我们希望这项研究能帮助识别鸟类的高风险、高频使用区域，并为积极的绿色能源解决方案做出贡献)”可知，柯利认为这项研究的潜在应用前景光明。故选B项。 主题02人与自然——自然·环境 Passage 10 （2026·绍兴·一模） You go on a beach trip or look out the airplane window, and you could swear the ocean is looking a bit teal. Is the ocean getting greener? It is, according to a recent study in Nature. “The ocean is getting greener because there is more phytoplankton (浮游植物), which contain the pigment chlorophyll (光合色素) that absorbs blue and red light,” said Chris Robbins, associate director of science at the Ocean Conservancy. Moreover, over the past 20 years, there has been a significant greening of the oceans, according to the study. The likely contributor is greenhouse gas emissions. “Emissions are heating up the ocean, resulting in a sharper temperature differential that is dividing the ocean into a shallower warm layer and deeper cold layer,” Robbins explained, “This prevents the transfer of nutrients from the ocean depths to surface waters where phytoplankton live,” he explained. Having fewer nutrients could favor phytoplankton species, meaning they gather at the surface and make the ocean appear greener. However, this greening isn’t dangerous to people. “There is no indication that the increases in phytoplankton species causing the greening effect are harmful,” Robbins said. Scientists are still trying to figure out what this green trend might mean for fish and other sea life. “It could hurt some species while benefiting others,” Robbins said. “If the newly dominant algae (藻类) cannot be eaten by animals that rely on algae for food, there could be spread effects, with some species losing and some winning,” Robbins added. “It could reorganize predator — prey dynamics.” If certain in-demand fish don’t fare well in this new Hunger Games scenario, it could mean a seafood shortage. “If we want to reverse the shift and the changes in the ocean’s ecosystem, we need to focus on replacing fossil fuels with clean energy,” Robbins said. In addition, scientists are working to pinpoint the exact changes in the ocean. Ongoing studies could shed more light on what else is going on under the sea and how it will ultimately impact all of us. 37．What accounts for the greener ocean? A．The sharp decline in marine biodiversity. B．The huge expansion of algae near coasts. C．The massive nutrient transfer between oceans. D．The growing surface algae due to greenhouse gases. 38．Which of the following best describes the impact of ocean greening? A．Destructive. B．Uncertain. C．Harmless. D．Beneficial. 39．What does Robbins suggest about reversing ocean ecosystem changes? A．Switching to clean energy. B．Using more fossil fuels. C．Reducing ocean pollution. D．Controlling ocean greening. 40．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To promote the use of clean energy. B．To advocate marine life protection. C．To explore the greening of the ocean. D．To propose solutions to ocean pollution. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了海洋变绿的现象、原因、影响以及应对建议。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“The likely contributor is greenhouse gas emissions. “Emissions are heating up the ocean, resulting in a sharper temperature differential that is dividing the ocean into a shallower warm layer and deeper cold layer,” Robbins explained, “This prevents the transfer of nutrients from the ocean depths to surface waters where phytoplankton live,” he explained. Having fewer nutrients could favor phytoplankton species, meaning they gather at the surface and make the ocean appear greener. (可能的原因是温室气体排放。罗宾斯解释说：“排放正在使海洋升温，导致更大的温差，将海洋分为较浅的暖层和较深的冷层。这阻止了营养物质从海洋深处转移到浮游植物生长的表层水域。”更少的营养物质有利于浮游植物物种，这意味着它们聚集在海面上，使海洋看起来更绿。)”可知，温室气体导致海洋表层藻类增多，进而使海洋变绿。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists are still trying to figure out what this green trend might mean for fish and other sea life. “It could hurt some species while benefiting others,” Robbins said. (科学家们仍在努力弄清楚这种绿色趋势对鱼类和其他海洋生物意味着什么。罗宾斯说：“这可能会伤害一些物种，同时使另一些物种受益。”)”可知，海洋变绿的影响是不确定的。故选B项。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we want to reverse the shift and the changes in the ocean’s ecosystem, we need to focus on replacing fossil fuels with clean energy,” Robbins said. (罗宾斯说：“如果我们想扭转海洋生态系统的转变和变化，我们需要专注于用清洁能源取代化石燃料。”)”可知，罗宾斯建议用清洁能源取代化石燃料来扭转海洋生态系统的变化。故选A项。 40．推理判断题。根据第一段“You go on a beach trip or look out the airplane window, and you could swear the ocean is looking a bit teal. Is the ocean getting greener? It is, according to a recent study in Nature. (你去海滩旅行或从飞机窗口向外看，你可能会发誓海洋看起来有点蓝绿色。海洋变绿了吗？根据《自然》杂志最近的一项研究，确实如此。)”和下文对海洋变绿的原因、影响和应对建议的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是探索海洋变绿的现象。故选C项。 Passage 11 （2026·名校协作体·一模） From an early age, Edward Norton was taught what protecting the environment really requires. His father, an environmental lawyer, founded the Grand Canyon Trust and his grandfather was a pioneer in low-income housing policy. Norton built his own career in a different field, becoming one of his generation’s most respected actors. When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity ambassador work. “I am not interested in being some weak sauce kind of spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.” What does nourish Norton is his work with a Kenya-based organization called the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust, which helps the Maasai people to make a living from their land through innovative means. One project that Norton is particularly proud of channels profits from the sale of carbon offsets (碳补偿) to local Maasai communities who use that money to support health, education, and conservation initiatives. One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds. This led Norton to a realization. “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor-funded charity,” he says, “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.” A new model is needed. Norton and his partners argue that tourist dollars being spent in fragile places ought to remain in-country — or better yet, in-community. Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in critical places and will reinvest its profits locally, instead of paying distant shareholders. Norton is optimistic about the model’s prospects, “I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. The needs of people are not going to take a lower priority to the spiritual value of nature. If protecting and restoring nature can’t produce a stronger and more reliable economy, the effort will fail.” 41．How did Norton feel about being a typical celebrity spokesperson? A．Enthusiastic. B．Tolerant. C．Dissatisfied. D．Confused. 42．What is Norton’s main concern about the conservation movement? A．Expansion of its public influence. B．Lack of a stable source of funding. C．Failure to meet the needs of local communities. D．Repetition of the faults of previous generations. 43．What is special about Norton’s new model of conservation? A．Downplaying the value of nature. B．Raising funds from distant donors. C．Focusing on local children’s education. D．Benefiting local economic development. 44．Which of the following words best describe Norton? A．Confident and honest. B．Generous and talented. C．Practical and pioneering. D．Ambitious and conventional. 【答案】41．C 42．B 43．D 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了演员爱德华・诺顿（Edward Norton）在环保领域的实践与探索，展现了他在环保领域的务实与创新。 41．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity ambassador work. “I am not interested in being some weak sauce kind of spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.”(诺顿刚成名时，就认定自己对普通的名人发言人工作不感兴趣。他说：“我不想成为那种毫无分量的发言人。这并不是说我认为那些事不重要，而是那种工作对我来说没有任何意义。”)”可知，诺顿对成为典型的名人发言人并不感兴趣，甚至觉得这种工作“没有意义”，由此可判断他对此持不满态度。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据第四段“One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds. This led Norton to a realization. “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor-funded charity,” he says, “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.”(诺顿关注的一个挑战，他的父亲和祖父可能也很熟悉：筹集资金。这让诺顿有了一个认识。他说：“我们不能让环保运动只依赖捐赠者资助的慈善事业，这种模式不仅无法扩大规模，本质上还不稳定。”)”可知，诺顿认为环保运动目前依赖捐赠的资金模式不稳定，即他主要担心的是环保运动缺乏稳定的资金来源。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段“A new model is needed. Norton and his partners argue that tourist dollars being spent in fragile places ought to remain in-country — or better yet, in-community. Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in critical places and will reinvest its profits locally, instead of paying distant shareholders.(需要一种新的模式。诺顿和他的合作伙伴认为，在生态脆弱地区花费的旅游资金应该留在当地——或者更好的是，留在社区里。诺顿和他的团队创办了一家名为“保护公平”的公司，该公司将在重要地区投资旅游业，并将利润再投资于当地，而不是支付给远方的股东。)”可知，诺顿的新型环保模式通过投资当地旅游业、将利润再投资于当地的方式，助力当地经济发展，这是其特别之处。故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““I am not interested in being some weak sauce kind of spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.”(“我对当一个软弱无力的代言人不感兴趣，”他说。“这并不是说我认为那些事情不重要，但那对我毫无滋养。”)”以及第四段中的““We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor-funded charity,” he says, “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.”(“我们不能让保护运动仅仅依赖于捐赠资金的慈善事业，”他说，“这不仅无法扩大规模，而且从根本上来说就是不稳定的。”)”可知，诺顿拒绝无意义的代言，直面传统环保模式弊端，注重实际效果，显务实特质。另外根据倒数第二段中的“Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in critical places and will reinvest its profits locally, instead of paying distant shareholders.(诺顿和他的团队创办了一家名为“保护公平”的公司，该公司将在重要地区投资旅游业，并将利润再投资于当地，而不是支付给远方的股东。)”以及最后一段中的“I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. (我认为我们正在做的事情没有先例可循)”可知，他创新提出“旅游投资+本地再投资”模式并落地，且模式无先例，显开拓精神，因此他是务实且具有开拓精神的。故选C。 Passage 12 （2026·台州·一模） Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital burnout is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn't just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular hashtags such as #Hiking, #Ice Bathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, reframing nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to reclaim public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Amongst all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have exploded in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 45．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A．Gen Z’s digital overexposure. B．Gen Z’s preference for screens. C．The necessity of digital connection. D．The phenomenon of online addiction. 46．Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A．Double-edged. B．Problem-causing. C．Fun-oriented. D．Ever-changing. 47．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Online platforms advocate eco-tourism. B．Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C．Engaging in outdoor activities is challenging. D．Social fitness events require high-end equipment. 48．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．From Clicks to Cliffs: The Call of the Wild B．Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C．Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time D．Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips 【答案】45．A 46．A 47．B 48．C 【来源】专题14 说明文体类阅读理解 -2026届高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了“数字原住民”Z世代参加森林、徒步、零废露营等“低成本、低技术、高满足”的自然活动，以此恢复身心平衡并践行环保理念。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6–9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling overwhelmed by the pressures of staying digitally connected. (Z世代的上网时间比其他任何一代人都长，日均屏幕使用时长达到6到9小时。根据皮尤研究中心近期的一项调查，超过60%的Z世代受访者表示，持续保持数字连接的压力让他们感到不堪重负)”可推知，这些数字旨在说明Z世代过度接触数字设备。故选A项。 46．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ironically, the very platforms driving digital burnout are now fuelling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it's also part of the solution. (讽刺的是，正是那些造成数字倦怠的平台，如今也在推动人们投身自然；社交媒体既是问题的一部分，也是解决方案的一部分)”可推知，社交媒体对Z世代而言是“双刃剑”。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段“Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From eco-tourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z approaches outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread climate advocacy and redefine sustainable living. (与自然重新建立联结，同样受到环保价值观的驱动。从生态旅游到零废弃徒步，Z 世代以明确的目标对待户外时光。他们正在重塑全球运动，借助社交媒体传播气候倡导理念，重新定义可持续生活方式)”可推知，Z世代具有强烈的环保意识。故选B项。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often labelled as “digital natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. (出生于20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初的Z世代，常被贴上“数字原住民”的标签。因此，他们逐渐远离电子屏幕、走向户外的行为或许会让人感到意外。从森林浴到露营旅行，越来越多的年轻人正将亲近自然纳入生活的一部分)”可知，文章核心围绕Z世代从长时间使用电子设备（屏幕时间）转向参与户外活动（绿色时间）展开，既体现了转变，又点明了核心对象和行为。C项“Gen Z is Swapping Screen Time for Green Time! (Z世代把屏幕时间换成绿色时间！)”精准概括这一主题，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 Passage 13 （2026·Z20名校联盟·一模） Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 49．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 50．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 51．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 52．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. 【答案】49．B 50．C 51．A 52．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生态旅游的特点、原则、成功案例、挑战及负责任生态旅游的建议。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities.(与传统旅游往往注重豪华住宿和拥挤景点不同，生态旅游强调对自然区域进行负责任的旅行，以保护环境并改善当地社区的福祉)”可知，生态旅游与传统旅游的主要区别在于生态旅游强调负责任的旅行和环境保护。故选B。 50．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador.(生态旅游的一个成功例子是厄瓜多尔的加拉帕戈斯群岛)”可知，作者提到加拉帕戈斯群岛是为了提供一个生态旅游的成功例子。故选C。 51．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.”(一些旅游目的地将自己宣传为‘环保’，但实际上并没有采取有意义的保护措施，这种做法被称为“greenwashing”)”可知，“greenwashing”指的是虚假宣传环保的行为，即“声称自己环保但实际上并非如此”。故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife.(为了实践负责任的生态旅游，专家建议选择当地拥有的小型住宿，参加由当地专家带领的导游，并遵循‘不留痕迹’的原则，随身携带所有垃圾，避免损害植物和野生动物)”可知，文本建议选择当地拥有的住宿以实践负责任的生态旅游。故选D。 Passage 14 （2026·宁波·一模） What if you could meet most of your daily needs-shopping, work, education, healthcare-within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from your home? This is the exciting vision of the “15-minute city”, an urban planning concept that gained global attention years ago. However, putting it into practice has sparked unexpected and fierce opposition. The concept was popularized by Mayor Anne Hidalgo of Paris and based on the research of French scholar Carlos Moreno. It suggests a move from city planning centered mainly on cars to one focused on “chronic-urbanism”. The goal is to return urban space to people, with more parks and streets for walking. Advocates argue that this model addresses multiple crises all at the same time: climate change, social isolation, and public health. Despite its apparent benefits, opponents have misrepresented the idea online, framing it as a secret government plan to control people’s free movement. While these claims are baseless, they have gained support, influencing public opinion and making it harder for cities like Oxford and Melbourne to carry out the concept. The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break. The situation mirrors past urban conflicts. For instance, many people opposed creating walking-only streets in city centers decades ago, but now, such areas are mostly loved and valued. The experts of a recent study on sustainable transition conclude that the battle for the 15-minute city is not just about planning; it’s about messaging. Success depends not only on smart design but also on effectively conveying its vision of a more sustainable and human urban future. 53．What can we learn about “chronic-urbanism” in paragraph 2? A．It gives more space to people. B．It aims to expand road networks. C．It focuses on car development. D．It was created by Carlos Moreno. 54．What do the opponents think of the 15-minute city? A．Traffic-slowing. B．Money-wasting. C．Freedom-limiting. D．Tech-demanding. 55．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The challenge of a less car-centered life. B．The significance of private cars. C．The public’s reactions to a new policy. D．The definition of car dependency. 56．What does the experts’ conclusion imply in the last paragraph? A．Public opinions are too hard to change. B．Sustainable transition is the top priority. C．Communication matters as much as design. D．Planning should send an innovative message. 【答案】53．A 54．C 55．A 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。“15分钟城市”理念旨在让日常需求步行或骑行可达、还空间于人，兼具多重益处，但遭不实反对，核心阻力是汽车依赖，其推行需兼顾设计与有效传递可持续人文城市愿景。 53．细节理解题。根据第二段“It suggests a move from city planning centered mainly on cars to one focused on “chronic-urbanism”. The goal is to return urban space to people, with more parks and streets for walking.(它主张从主要以汽车为中心的城市规划转向以“慢性城市主义”为核心的规划模式。其目标是将城市空间还给市民，增加更多的公园和步行街道)”可知，“慢性城市主义”为人们提供了更多的空间。故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite its apparent benefits, opponents have misrepresented the idea online, framing it as a secret government plan to control people’s free movement. While these claims are baseless, they have gained support, influencing public opinion and making it harder for cities like Oxford and Melbourne to carry out the concept.(尽管该计划有明显的好处，但反对者在网上歪曲了这一想法，将其描述为政府控制民众自由行动的秘密计划。尽管这些说法毫无根据，但它们却获得了支持，影响了公众舆论，使得像牛津和墨尔本这样的城市难以推行这一理念)”可知，反对者们认为“15 分钟城市”限制了自由。故选C。 55．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break.(然而，真正的问题远不止是信息传播不准确这么简单。它揭示了城市创新中一个根本性的难题：难以想象一种不再过度依赖私家车的生活方式。数十年来，汽车一直象征着个人自由和地位。任何看似减少汽车使用量的政策，即便其目的是提升整体生活质量，也会让人们产生情绪上的不适。这反映了交通专家所说的“对汽车的依赖”，这是一种根深蒂固的文化习惯，很难改变)”可知，本段主要讲了一种少依赖汽车的生活方式所带来的挑战。故选A。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The experts of a recent study on sustainable transition conclude that the battle for the 15-minute city is not just about planning; it’s about messaging. Success depends not only on smart design but also on effectively conveying its vision of a more sustainable and human urban future.(最近一项关于可持续转型的研究专家得出结论：这场关于打造“15分钟城市”的竞争不仅关乎规划，还关乎宣传策略。成功的关键不仅在于巧妙的设计，还在于有效地传达其对于更可持续、更人性化城市未来的愿景)”可知，最后一段专家们的结论意味着交流与设计同样重要。故选C。 Passage 15 （2026·十二校联考·一模） In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 57．What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A．Their high production costs. B．Their limited driving range. C．Their potential negative environmental impact. D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 58．What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 59．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 60．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars 【答案】57．C 58．B 59．C 60．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。 57．细节理解题。文章第一段中“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. (然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响。例如，电动汽车电池的生产需要大量的稀土金属，而稀土金属的开采会导致森林砍伐、土壤侵蚀和水污染。此外，用于给电动汽车充电的电力通常来自燃烧化石燃料的发电厂，排放大量温室气体)”明确指出人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响，包括电池生产带来的资源开采问题以及充电用电产生的温室气体排放等。故选C。 58．推理判断题。第二段中“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.(国际清洁交通理事会（ICCT）预测，随着可再生能源在发电中所占份额的增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更加明显。目前，在一些地区，用于电动汽车充电的电力中只有约20%来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源)”提到，国际清洁交通委员会预测随着可再生能源在发电中占比增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更明显，且目前部分地区电动汽车充电用电只有约20%来自可再生能源，由此可推断电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源。故选B。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long - term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.(然而，由于在全球范围内实现完全可再生电网仍然是一个长期目标，因此专注于三个更直接的措施更为实际)”和第四段中“The first measure is promoting battery recycling.(第一项措施是促进电池回收)”、“The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.(二是优化充电站的位置)”以及“Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals.(第三，汽车制造商必须加大研发投入，改进电池技术，使其更节能，减少对稀土金属的需求)”提到，实现全球完全可再生能源电网是长期目标，更实际的措施包括促进电池回收、优化充电站位置和改进电池技术等。故选C。 60．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.(近年来，电动汽车（EVs）作为一种更环保的替代传统汽油动力汽车而获得了显著的普及。然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响)”可知，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望，C选项“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？”符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 16 （2026·名校协作体·返校考） Microplastics have been detected in human brains at far higher concentrations than in other bodily organs — and levels are increasing, having risen 50 percent in eight years. This is the conclusion of a team of researchers from the University of New Mexico (UNM), who said the findings should trigger alarm. “This really changes the landscape. It makes it so much more personal,” UNM professor Matthew Campen said in a statement. “I have not encountered a single human being who says, ‘There’s a bunch of plastic in my brain and I’m totally cool with that’.” Microplastic (smaller than 5 millimeters in size) and nanoplastic (under 0.001 millimeters) pollution have become common in the environment and can get into the food we eat. These plastic bits have been found in various bodily organs — including the kidney, liver — although not at such concentrations as now seen in the brain, the team said. The researchers identified 12 different types of plastic within samples collected from the so-called frontal cortex (前额叶) — the brain region found above and behind the eyes that had been linked to various capabilities from abstract thinking through to motor function. “We start thinking that maybe these plastics block blood flow in small blood tube,” Campen said. “There’s the potential that these nanomaterials interfere with the connections between axons (轴突) in the brain. They could also be a seed for grouping of proteins involved in dementia (痴呆). We just don’t know.” Campen said most of the microplastics that end up in our bodies arrive there via food — meat in particular, as commercial meat production concentrates plastics across the food chain. “The way we irrigate fields with water containing plastic, we assume that the plastic builds up there,” he said. “We feed those crops to our farm animals. We take the animal waste and put it back on the field.” Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in the environment is certain to grow, the researchers warn — for even if we were to cease plastic production tomorrow, existing plastic would still be around to break down into tiny and then super tiny pieces. 61．Why does the author cite Professor Matthew Campen’s words in paragraph 2? A．To emphasize the plastics impacts on individuals. B．To explain the source of plastics in human organs. C．To trigger a quick response from different researchers. D．To advocate for reduction measures in plastic production. 62．What might nanoplastics in the brain lead to? A．Continuous brain aging. B．Immediate memory loss. C．Disturbed neural bonds. D．Complete blood tube blockage. 63．What can be inferred about commercial meat production? A．It relies on polluted irrigation. B．It removes plastics completely. C．It reduces the waste of crops. D．It accumulates plastics in food chain. 64．What does the last paragraph’s warning imply? A．Nanoplastics is less harmful. B．Anti-pollution efforts are effective. C．Existing plastics still pose a threat. D．Stopping production solves pollution. 【答案】61．A 62．C 63．D 64．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微塑料在人类大脑中被检测到的浓度远高于其他身体器官，且水平在上升，并阐述了微塑料进入人体的途径及其可能带来的危害。 61．推理判断题。根据第二段““This really changes the landscape. It makes it so much more personal,” UNM professor Matthew Campen said in a statement. “I have not encountered a single human being who says, ‘There’s a bunch of plastic in my brain and I’m totally cool with that’.”(“这真的改变了局面。这让它变得更加个人化，”新墨西哥大学教授马修·坎彭在一份声明中说。“我还没有遇到过一个人会说，‘我的大脑里有很多塑料，我完全不介意。’”)”可知，作者引用教授的话是为了强调塑料对个人的影响，让问题变得更加个人化，更加引起人们的关注。故选A项。 62．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There’s the potential that these nanomaterials interfere with the connections between axons (轴突) in the brain.(这些纳米材料有可能干扰大脑中轴突之间的连接)”可知，大脑中的纳米塑料可能会导致神经连接受干扰。故选C项。 63．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Campen said most of the microplastics that end up in our bodies arrive there via food — meat in particular, as commercial meat production concentrates plastics across the food chain.(坎彭说，进入我们体内的大部分微塑料是通过食物进入的，特别是肉类，因为商业肉类生产在整个食物链中集中了塑料)”可知，商业肉类生产在食物链中积累了塑料。故选D项。 64．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in the environment is certain to grow, the researchers warn — for even if we were to cease plastic production tomorrow, existing plastic would still be around to break down into tiny and then super tiny pieces.(研究人员警告说，环境中的微塑料和纳米塑料污染肯定会增加，因为即使我们明天停止塑料生产，现有的塑料仍然会分解成微小和超微小的碎片)”可知，最后一段的警告暗示了现有的塑料仍然构成威胁。故选C项。 Passage 17 （2026·名校协作体·返校考） Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) , a natural compound found in foods like broccoli and avocado, has emerged as a promising anti-aging supplement (补充物质). As people age, their levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) decline. Since NMN helps boost NAD⁺ production, scientists believe it could slow age-related decline. The current global aging crisis urges studies in this field. With the population over 65 expected to double by 2050, age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s diseases and diabetes have gone up, leading to heavy global socioeconomic and medical burden. Therefore, age management medical practices have been mushrooming in the world for recommending nutritional supplements. And NMN serves as a direct boost to NAD⁺, a vital molecule (分子) that fuels cells with energy and repairs DNA damage. Many studies have been done to explore NMN’s anti-aging effects in various cells and tissues, most of which were done in animal models. For example, according to Fu and Zhang, on an experiment of using NMN in preparation of anti-aging health-care products or drugs on aged mice, it was found that the NMN administration could extend the life span of mice by 29%. Fang investigated that the hearing loss happened to mice could be prevented by improving cochlear (耳蜗) health and restoring outer hair cell loss. Wang also indicated that the use of NMN contributed to the restoration of learning and cognition in rats. However, most evidence comes from lab studies, and human trials remain limited. Also, in terms of intake, early small-scale studies suggest NMN is safe in doses up to 500 mg per day, but experts caution that unregulated high doses (such as 1, 000 mg capsules) could be risky. Alarmingly, despite the lack of comprehensive human data, NMN supplements are already widely marketed. Dr. Jun Lu, a leading researcher, warns: “Nature perfected these systems over millions of years — lab-made versions still can’t fully copy them.” While NMN holds promise, more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness in humans. 65．Why are scientists interested in NMN? A．Because it is a natural compound found in common foods. B．Because it is the only effective anti-aging supplement available. C．Because it may contribute to slowing aging by boosting NAD⁺ levels. D．Because it has been proven to cure Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. 66．The underlined word “administration” in Paragraph 3 most likely means _________. A．government B．interruption C．injection D．accommodation 67．Which of the following words best describes the effectiveness of NMN on humans? A．Revolutionary. B．Promising. C．Invasive. D．Unproven. 68．What is the best title for the passage? A．Animal Studies Prove NMN’s Anti-Aging Effects B．NMN’s Potential and Risks: A Scientific Perspective C．How NMN Supplements Are Dominating the Market D．NMN: The Miracle Anti-Aging Solution Finally Found 【答案】65．C 66．C 67．D 68．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了NMN作为一种潜在的抗衰老补充剂，其作用机制、在动物实验中的效果、目前研究的局限性以及市场情况。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As people age, their levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) decline. Since NMN helps boost NAD⁺ production, scientists believe it could slow age-related decline. (随着年龄的增长，人体内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD⁺)的水平会下降。由于NMN有助于促进NAD⁺的产生，科学家认为它可以减缓与年龄相关的衰退。)”可知，科学家对NMN感兴趣是因为它可能通过提高NAD⁺水平来减缓衰老。故选C项。 66．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“For example, according to Fu and Zhang, on an experiment of using NMN in preparation of anti-aging health-care products or drugs on aged mice, it was found that the NMN administration could extend the life span of mice by 29%.(例如，根据傅和张的说法，在一项用NMN制备抗衰老保健品或药物对老年小鼠进行的实验中发现，NMN _____ 可使小鼠寿命延长29%。)”可知，本句介绍的是用NMN制备抗衰老保健品或药物对老年小鼠进行的实验，由此可推知，是给小鼠注射了NMN，才使得小鼠寿命延长了29%，故划线词“administration”意为“注射”，与C项“injection”意思一致。故选C项。 67．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, most evidence comes from lab studies, and human trials remain limited. (然而，大多数证据来自实验室研究，人体试验仍然有限。)”和最后一段中“While NMN holds promise, more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness in humans. (虽然NMN有希望，但还需要更多的研究来证实其在人类身上的安全性和有效性。)”可推知，NMN对人类的有效性尚未得到证实。故选D项。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a natural compound found in foods like broccoli and avocado, has emerged as a promising anti-aging supplement (补充物质). (烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)是一种存在于西兰花和鳄梨等食物中的天然化合物，已成为一种很有前途的抗衰老补充剂。)”可知，文章主要介绍了NMN作为一种潜在的抗衰老补充剂，其作用机制、在动物实验中的效果、目前研究的局限性以及市场情况。故B项“NMN的潜力和风险：科学视角”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 18 （2026·嘉兴·一模） The effects of high altitude (海拔) on the human body could protect against obesity (肥胖), according to a study of more than 4 million children across Colombia. The findings support the theory that low oxygen levels drive increased energy consumption, though prior evidence comes mainly from adults. To understand the potential impact on children, Lizcano Losada at the University of La Sabana analysed data on 4.16 million children aged up to 5 years old from 1123 cities. The children were separated into four groups relating to the height above sea level at which they lived: up to 1000 metres, 1001 to 2000 metres, 2001 to 3000 metres or above 3000 metres. In the two lower-altitude regions, around 80 out of every 10,000 children had obesity. However, at altitudes of 2001 to 3000 metres, the prevalence (发生率) of obesity fell to 40 in 10,000. At altitudes above 3000 metres, the prevalence was higher again: 86 out of 10,000. However, the team says this may be a statistical accident, as this data set included fewer cities and children than the other three altitude ranges. “That’s a fair comment,” says David Stensel at Loughborough University. But he also emphasises the study is observational, so it doesn’t prove high altitude prevents obesity. “They’ve tried to make sure they’ve adjusted for the other potential influencing factors,” he says. These include measures of poverty and low income. But “you can’t account for everything”, says Stensel. Assuming high altitude really does make obesity less likely, Stensel says it isn’t clear how this knowledge could be of practical use in reducing the condition. However, Losada argues the findings support the creation of geographically tailored public health strategies. He suggests further studies are needed to better understand the biological pathways linking altitude to childhood obesity, which could lead to more precise health advice for different regions. 69．What was the analysis in Losada’s study mainly based on? A．Grouped data. B．Sample size. C．Children’s age. D．City type. 70．What is the team’s view on the unexpected result of the study? A．It’s a definite trend. B．It’s a chance occurrence. C．It’s a misleading signal. D．It’s a measurement error. 71．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning Stensel in paragraph 4? A．The importance of health knowledge. B．The necessity of actionable strategies. C．The limitation of the research method. D．The complexity of the influencing factors. 72．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Altitude’s Role in Childhood Weight B．Less Oxygen, Healthier Children? C．A New Approach to Fighting Obesity D．Why the Weight Gap in Colombia? 【答案】69．A 70．B 71．C 72．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项关于高海拔对儿童肥胖影响的研究及相关观点与探讨。 69．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The children were separated into four groups relating to the height above sea level at which they lived: up to 1000 metres, 1001 to 2000 metres, 2001 to 3000 metres or above 3000 metres. (研究人员根据孩子们居住的海拔高度将他们分为四组：海拔1000米及以下、1001至2000米、2001至3000米以及3000 米以上。)”可知，洛萨达的研究分析主要基于分组数据。故选A项。 70．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At altitudes above 3000 metres, the prevalence was higher again: 86 out of 10,000. However, the team says this may be a statistical accident, as this data set included fewer cities and children than the other three altitude ranges. (在海拔3000米以上的地区，肥胖发生率又有所上升，达到万分之八十六。然而，研究团队表示这可能是一个统计偶然，因为该数据集包含的城市和儿童数量少于其他三个海拔区间。)”可知，研究团队认为这个意外结果是偶然发生的。故选B项。 71．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But he also emphasises the study is observational, so it doesn’t prove high altitude prevents obesity.  (但他也强调，这项研究是观察性的，因此并不能证明高海拔可以预防肥胖。)”以及“But “you can’t account for everything”, says Stensel. (但是“你不可能考虑到所有因素”，斯滕塞说。)”可知，作者提及斯滕塞尔是为了说明该研究方法存在局限性。故选C项。 72．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中的“The effects of high altitude (海拔) on the human body could protect against obesity (肥胖), according to a study of more than 4 million children across Colombia. (一项针对哥伦比亚400多万名儿童开展的研究显示，高海拔对人体产生的影响或可预防肥胖。)”可知，文章围绕一项关于不同海拔高度与儿童肥胖发生率关系的研究展开，介绍了研究结果、相关质疑以及后续研究建议，核心是探讨海拔对儿童体重的影响。A项“海拔对儿童体重的影响”概括文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 19 （2026·江浙皖·一模） When we think about invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us picture bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use phases of the moon and star light to learn about the world and make vital decisions. Many insects use the faint glow of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial light has been a symbol of progress. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we celebrate its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of our obsession with illumination (照明): light pollution. It’s a disruptor of ecosystems, with profound consequences for wildlife, human health and energy consumption. A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth is a small but essential species. In early spring its caterpillars provide a critical food source for blue tit chicks. But light pollution disorients (使迷惑方向) the adult moths, disrupts mating and affects egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up. In the absence of turning off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their impact. We can limit their number; reduce their intensity and the time they are on. The extent to which invertebrates have responded to artificial light remains unspecified and it also remains unknown whether they can adapt to additional temporal changes. These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies. 73．What do we know about the majority of invertebrates? A．They are active at night. B．They use darkness to hide. C．They are becoming extinct. D．They are intelligent creatures. 74．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning caterpillar populations in paragraph 3? A．The challenge in wildlife conservation. B．The importance of a balanced ecosystem. C．The urgency of saving species through food. D．The effect of light pollution on the food chain. 75．What does the underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Odd. B．Workable. C．Crazy. D．Disturbing. 76．What does the author think of potential management approaches? A．They are pioneering. B．They are easy to apply. C．They prove to be effective. D．They call for in-depth research. 【答案】73．A 74．D 75．B 76．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了光污染对无脊椎动物等野生生物及生态系统的负面影响和相关应对策略。 73．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen?(但你知道吗？至少三分之二的无脊椎动物在夜间活动，这意味着很多无脊椎动物平时很难被看到。)”可知，大多数无脊椎动物夜间活动。故选A。 74．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights.(2021年的一项研究发现，有路灯地区的毛虫数量减少了52%。)”和“With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young.(随着毛虫数量的减少，蓝山雀很难喂养幼鸟。)”可知，作者通过提到毛虫数量的减少来说明光污染对食物链的影响。故选D。 75．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up.(从某种意义上说，光污染的治理相对容易——我们只需关掉灯，让夜晚由月光自然照亮。但从逻辑上讲，这大多不feasible，因为灯是为了人类的利益而设置的，而人类往往不愿放弃使用灯光。)”可知，因为灯是为了人类的利益而存在的，而人类往往不愿意放弃它们，所以不开灯让夜晚自然地被月光照亮这种做法是行不通的。故feasible意思是“可行的”。A. Odd奇怪的；B. Workable可行的；C. Crazy疯狂的；D. Disturbing令人不安的。故选B。 76．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies.(这些变化可能会影响个体的适应性，因此需要更多的研究来确定人工光产生的选择压力。需要采用跨学科的方法来确定人工光对野生生物多样性和生态系统健康的更广泛影响，并确定相关策略。)”可知，作者认为需要进一步研究来确定人工光对野生生物多样性和生态系统健康的更广泛影响，并确定相关策略。故选D。 Passage 20 （2026·强基联盟·一模） As the global population continues to expand, traditional farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton, Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering remarkable efficiency and sustainability. It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere. The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions. “Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands, they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks. One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited. Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome. 77．What is the main feature of the innovative farming system? A．It demands water-free technology. B．It gets high yields with little input. C．It is widely introduced in the world. D．It mixes old and new farming methods. 78．What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system? A．They are gene editors. B．They are machine operators. C．They are system monitors. D．They are plant programmers. 79．What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system? A．Low public acceptance. B．Great farmland loss. C．Poor production facilities. D．High energy demands. 80．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 【答案】77．B 78．D 79．D 80．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍洛杉矶康普顿一家农业公司的高科技耕作系统，阐述其无土、自动化等特点、优势，也提及推广挑战及未来潜力。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using precisely calibrated (符合标准的) LED lighting and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated (复制) almost anywhere.(该设施使用精确校准的LED照明和营养输送系统，与传统农场相比，产量高达350倍，而用水量仅为传统农场的10%——而且它几乎可以在任何地方复制。)”可知，这种创新耕作系统的主要特点是投入少（用水少）却能获得高产量。故选B项。 78．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition.(“植物实际上就是小型软件程序，”其中一位科学家解释道。通过研究植物DNA而不改变它，科学家们可以对植物的生长、风味和营养等特性进行“编程”。)”可知，科学家在该耕作系统流程中的主要角色是植物“程序员”，可对植物特性进行调控。故选D项。 79．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited.(然而，高昂的成本——包括能源密集型的人工照明——可能会阻碍其在全球范围内的应用，尤其是在基础设施有限的发展中国家。)”可知，高能源需求带来的高成本可能限制该耕作系统在全球的推广。故选D项。 80．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome.(这会是农业的未来吗？凭借其惊人的效率、最小的环境影响以及在全球范围内复制的潜力，如果能克服规模化和可负担性方面的挑战，这种高科技耕作模式可能很快会成为养活我们不断增长的人口的关键。)”可知，作者认可该耕作系统的优势和潜力，对农业未来持乐观态度。故选A项。 Passage 21 （2026·金丽衢·一模） Germany is transforming a 580-acre abandoned airport into an eco-friendly neighborhood — a project officials hope will serve as a blueprint for other disused airports. The old airport shut down after a new, modern one was built nearby. In 2017, developers announced the 5 million-square-meter Tegel Projekt, which aims to solve urban problems like car pollution and housing shortages. The new area will have large green spaces, bike lanes, and 5,000 affordable, energy-efficient homes for over 10,000 people. It will also include facilities such as daycare centers, schools, and shops; an extra 4, 000 homes are planned for the surrounding areas. “We want people to rediscover public spaces for socializing, playing, or relaxing,” said Constanze Doll, the project’s spokesperson. “Important places like kindergartens, bakeries, and supermarkets can be easily reached on foot”. Eco-friendliness is at the core of the design: vertical gardens on apartment buildings(to keep them cool without expensive, energy-hungry air conditioning), solar panels on every rooftop to supply electricity, and “Sponge City” technology — like pavements that let water seep through and rain gardens — to collect water. Builders will also use local wood and cut emissions to make the construction process carbon-neutral. Turning old airports into neighborhoods isn’t common, but it’s not the first time. For example, in America, after Denver’s main airport moved to a new site 25 miles from the city center, developers turned the old airport(3 miles from town) into a residential community with over 3,500 single-family homes, parks, shops, and even an ice rink in a former aircraft hangar. Next to Tegel’s new neighborhood will be a commercial zone using some old airport infrastructure, including “Urban Tech Republic” for tech companies and a campus for Berliner Hochschule für Technik University. Construction started in 2023, with the first areas opening by 2027, and there are plans for electric buses and a tramway. “The streets and squares will belong to the people again, rather than to cars,” Doll added. 81．Which of the following best describes the new area introduced in Paragraph 3? A．Sustainable and habitable. B．Connected and luxurious. C．High-end and futuristic. D．Developed and multicultural. 82．What can we learn from the Denver airport redevelopment? A．It focused mainly on commercial spaces. B．It served as a model for the Tegel Project. C．It reused old airport for residential purpose. D．It addressed housing shortages for the nation. 83．What might be the author’s attitude towards the Tegel Project? A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant. 84．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Berlin’s Old Airports: History and Current Challenges B．Public Spaces in Cities: Their Role in neighborhoods C．Germany’s Urban Issues: Solving Housing Shortages D．Tegel Airport: From Abandoned Site to Eco-neighborhood 【答案】81．A 82．C 83．B 84．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了德国正将柏林泰格尔废弃机场改造成生态社区，兼顾宜居性与环保，还规划了商业科教区，同类改造已有先例，该项目有望成旧机场转型范本。 81．推理判断题。根据第三段“The new area will have large green spaces, bike lanes, and 5,000 affordable, energy-efficient homes for over 10,000 people. It will also include facilities such as daycare centers, schools, and shops; an extra 4, 000 homes are planned for the surrounding areas. “We want people to rediscover public spaces for socializing, playing, or relaxing,” said Constanze Doll, the project’s spokesperson. “Important places like kindergartens, bakeries, and supermarkets can be easily reached on foot”.(这片新区域将配备大面积绿地、自行车道，以及5000套经济实惠且节能的住房，可容纳超1万人居住。区域内还将设有日托中心、学校、商店等配套设施，周边区域另规划了4000套住房。该项目发言人康斯坦策·多尔表示：“我们希望人们能重新走进公共空间，进行社交、玩耍或放松。像幼儿园、面包店、超市这类重要场所，都能轻松步行抵达。”)”可知，新增的内容是可持续且适宜居住的。故选A。 82．细节理解题。根据第五段“For example, in America, after Denver’s main airport moved to a new site 25 miles from the city center, developers turned the old airport(3 miles from town) into a residential community with over 3,500 single-family homes, parks, shops, and even an ice rink in a former aircraft hangar.(例如，在美国，丹佛的主要机场搬迁至距离市中心25英里的新址后，开发商将旧机场（距离市区3英里）改造成了一个住宅区，其中包括超过3500套独栋住宅、公园、商店，甚至还在一个旧飞机库内建了一个溜冰场)”可知，丹佛机场的重建项目将旧机场改作住宅用途加以重新利用。故选C。 83．推理判断题。短文主要说明了德国正将柏林泰格尔废弃机场改造成生态社区，兼顾宜居性与环保，还规划了商业科教区，同类改造已有先例，该项目有望成旧机场转型范本。整体行文偏向积极正向，可知，作者对特格尔项目持乐观态度。故选B。 84．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Germany is transforming a 580-acre abandoned airport into an eco-friendly neighborhood — a project officials hope will serve as a blueprint for other disused airports.(德国正将一座占地580英亩的废弃机场改造成生态友好型社区，官方希望该项目能成为其他闲置机场改造的蓝图)”结合文章主要说明了德国正将柏林泰格尔废弃机场改造成生态社区，兼顾宜居性与环保，还规划了商业科教区，同类改造已有先例，该项目有望成旧机场转型范本。可知，D选项“特格尔机场：从废弃之地到生态社区”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 22 （2026·杭州·一模） On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the rese$