Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature（重难词汇精练）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词表单词 单词 中文意思 单词 中文意思 n. ； ；v. ； n. 沙漠；荒原 measurement n. ； prep.&adv. 在…… 下面；低于 n. 高度；水平；程度 n. 表面；表层 n. 深（度）；纵深 dive v. & n. ； ； submersible n. adj. 特别的；不寻常的 n. 底部；最下部 waterfall n. civilization n. n. 发展；壮大 cubic adj. n. 英里 n. 池塘；水坑 n. 攀登者；登山者 adj. 北部的；向北的 distance n. ； v. 生存,存活;艰难度过 n. 环境；条件；状态 n. 度；度数；程度 cliff n. ； adj. 易变的；常变的 n. 死亡 determined adj. ； prep.&adv. 在…上方；高于 teammate n. ； n. 肩膀；肩部 ladder n. ； measure v. ；n. adv. 成功地；顺利地 v. 冒风险 n. 危险；风险 n. 好奇心；求知欲 ambition n. ； n. 探险者；勘探者 adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 adj. 有危险的；有风险的 adj. 南部的；向南的 located adj. ； freshwater adj. type n. ； attract v. ； adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 n. 旅行者；游客 adj. 自然的；天然的 reef n. ； underwater adj. ； adv. northeastern adj. 东北的；东北方向的 n. 海岸；海滨 coral n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 v. 包含；包括 n. 沙子 adj. 活着；有活力 structure n. ； turtle n. ； lifetime n. ； 单词表短语 短语 中文意思 短语 中文意思 平方千米 海平面 不惜任何代价 立方米 一点一点地；逐渐地 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 → adv. 精彩地；绝妙地 2. measure v. 测量；n. 措施→ n. 数量；测量 → adj. 可测量的 3. depth n. 深（度）；纵深 → adj. 深的；adv. 深深地 → v. 加深；深化 4. dive v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 → n. 潜水员；跳水运动员 → n. 潜水（运动）；跳水（运动） 5. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → adj. 通常的；平常的 → adv. 通常；平常 6. development n. 发展；壮大 → v. 发展；开发 → adj. 发展中的→ adj. 发达的；成熟的 7. climber n. 攀登者；登山者 → v. 攀登；攀爬 → n. 攀登（运动）；登山（运动） 8. northern adj. 北部的；向北的 → n. 北；adj. 北方的；adv. 向北 9. distance n. 距离；遥远 → adj. 遥远的；远处的 → adv. 遥远地；冷淡地 10. survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 → n. 生存；存活 → n. 幸存者 11. condition n. 状态；境况→ adj. 有条件的；假定的 12. changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 → v. 改变；n. 改变 13. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → v. 死亡；消逝 → adj. 死的；无生命的 → adj. 致命的 14. determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 → v. 决定；确定 → n. 决心 15. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → adj. 成功的→ n. 成功 → v. 成功 16. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → adj. 有风险的；危险的 → adv. 冒险地；危险地 17. curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 18. ambition n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 → adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 → adv. 雄心勃勃地；热切地 19. explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 → v. 探索；勘探 → n. 探索；勘探 20. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → adj. 简单的；单纯的 → n. 简单；单纯 21. southern adj. 南部的；向南的 → n. 南；adj. 南方的；adv. 向南 22. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → v. 定位；位于 → n. 位置；地点 23. attract v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） → adj. 有吸引力的→ n. 吸引力；景点 24. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → n. 好奇心；求知欲 → adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 25. traveller（=traveler）n. 旅行者；游客 → v. 旅行；n. 旅行 26. natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 → adv. 自然地；天生地 → n. 自然；天性 27. coast n. 海岸；海滨 → adj. 沿海的；海岸的 28. include v. 包含；包括 → n. 包含→ adj. 包含的；包括的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．The Dead Sea is about 430 metres ________ sea level. A．on B．below C．over D．above 2．It’s not easy to ________ in the desert without water. A．skate B．sing C．survive D．swim 3．—Why did you change your plan so quickly? —Because the weather here is very ________. It was sunny just now, but now it’s snowing. A．changeable B．comfortable C．terrible D．valuable 4．—Why do you love walking in the mountains so much? —It’s peaceful. Being close to ________ beauty makes me relax a lot. A．accidental B．traditional C．natural D．common 5．Every year, thousands of ________ come to Yunnan to enjoy its natural beauty. A．travellers B．students C．teachers D．workers 6．Children are always ________ about everything around them—they ask many questions every day. A．curious B．thirsty C．confident D．worried 7．We need to ________ to protect the rare animals in the wild. A．take notes B．take measures C．take breaks D．take risks 8．What a brave teenager he was! He risked his life ________ a little girl in the middle of the road. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 9．Joe, you should give up playing computer games. It’s ________ a waste of time. A．luckily B．hardly C．freshly D．simply 10．—Mum,I find it hard to finish reading this long novel in a week. —Take it easy. You can read it _________. A．at once B．bit by bit C．in total D．on time 11．Studies show that dolphins have a high ______ of intelligence. They are really clever animals. A．curiosity B．survey C．level D．coast 12．My dog ________ yesterday. Its ________ made me sad. A．die; dead B．died; dying C．died; death D．dead; died 13．Lisa’s dog is lost and she’s very sad. I ________ what we can do to help her. A．risk B．explore C．wonder D．travel 14．—Dad, our sofa looks a bit old. Can we buy a new one? —Well, it is old but still in good ________. Let’s save money for something else. A．instruction B．condition C．measurement D．development 15．Tom entered ________ the singing competition last month. His hobby has brought him ________. A．successful; success B．successful; successfully C．successfully; success D．successfully; successful 16．Mr. Jin is one of the greatest ________ writers. He is still _________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．alive; living D．alive; alive 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．The ________ (程度) of pollution in the river was falling these years. 2．The submarine (潜艇) rose to the ________ (表面) of the ocean after hours underwater. 3．In the Reed Flute Cave, there are so many rocks in _________ (不寻常的) shapes. 4．Our government is trying to make our living __________（条件）better. 5．We should protect the ________(自然的) environment for our future generations. 6．With very little water, it’s hard for a plant to ________ (存活). 7．Even though we are in difficulty times, we need to keep hope ________(活着的). 8．Don’t put all eggs in one basket. There is a ________ (风险) of losing everything. 9．These boys are born artists, all of them are quite ________ (好奇的) about the world around them. 10．I thank from the ________ (底部) of my heart for your great help. 11．The menu for students changes weekly and _______ (包含）different fresh fruit and milk. 12．Han Tianyu didn’t take part in this year’s Winter Olympics ________ (仅仅) because he was hurt. 13．After the picnic, the children jumped into the shallow ________ (池塘) of water. 14．The AI industry’s ________ (发展) has long depended on making computing power bigger. 15．My left ________ (肩膀) hurt, so I went to see a doctor right now. 16．Learning a language takes time; you need to practice ________ ________ ________ (一点一点地)every day. 17．The nature reserve covers an area of over 500 ________ ________(平方千米) providing a safe home for many wild animals. 18．Twenty-two volunteers ________ ________ ________(冒着生命) to cross the bridge. 19．Due to climate change, the melting ice caps are causing the _________ ________ (海平面) to rise gradually. 20．Athletes train hard every day to achieve their goals ________ ________ ________ (不惜任何代价). 词汇语境练-语篇 一、用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空。 A sea level    square kilometre    at all costs    only if    bit by bit 1．We should protect the environment . 2． , he became more confident in speaking English. 3．As the global (全球) temperature rises, the is slowly getting higher. 4．The nature park covers an area of over 100 . 5．You can go out to play you finish your homework first. B 根据句意从方框中选出正确的单词填空。 shoulders / curiosity / measures / degree / southern 1．The city of Sanya is famous for its beautiful beaches and warm weather all year round. 2．To a certain , learning a foreign language requires patience and practice. 3．Isaac Newton said, “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the of giants.” 4．The little boy has great . He always asks “Why?” about everything he sees. 5．The government has taken strict to stop air pollution in big cities. C 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词。 explorer, travel, nature, beautiful, alive, type, successful, natural, sand, colour There are many amazing 1 wonders around the world. Some are made of 2 , and some are formed by water. Different 3 of natural wonders attract lots of 4 every year. 5 can walk along safe paths. The best view is at the top, where you can see the truly 6 landscape. To reach this point, visitors need to climb carefully. The park 7 protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its 8 . We must work together to keep such wonders 9 for future generations. Let’s cherish these gifts from 10 and never stop exploring them. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。 The Yellow River is the second 1 (long) river in China. It is also one of the most important 2 (wonder) in China. And Chinese people always consider the Yellow River as the “Mother River”. Its colour is different 3 other rivers. The colour is affected by the plenty of sediment (沉淀物) it carries. The Yellow River is of great importance to the Chinese 4 (civilize). It is the place where the Chinese nation was born and developed. The Yellow River has been a source (源头) of water for agriculture for thousands of years, and has helped to keep the 5 (develop) of the Chinese nation. However, everything has two sides. The river has flooded many times in history. And it caused great damage (损失) and death. In order 6 (control) the floods, the Chinese government has built a lot of dams (大坝) along the river. Unluckily, the Yellow River is 7 (face) great challenges today, like pollution, overuse of water and so on. These problems are mainly caused by human activities. For example, some of us like to use one-off plastic bags 8 drop litter here and there. Besides, people cut down trees for their needs. Taking care of the Yellow River is every person’s duty. By working together, we believe that the Yellow River will become much 9 (good). We can also make sure that it continues to be 10 important symbol of Chinese culture and history. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词表单词 单词 中文意思 单词 中文意思 wonder n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 琢磨；想知道 desert n. 沙漠；荒原 measurement n. 数量；测量 below prep.&adv. 在…… 下面；低于 level n. 高度；水平；程度 surface n. 表面；表层 depth n. 深（度）；纵深 dive v.&n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 submersible n. 潜水艇 unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 bottom n. 底部；最下部 waterfall n. 瀑布 civilization n. 文明 development n. 发展；壮大 cubic adj. 立方的 mile n. 英里 pool n. 池塘；水坑 climber n. 攀登者；登山者 northern adj. 北部的；向北的 distance n. 距离；遥远 survive v. 生存,存活;艰难度过 condition n. 环境；条件；状态 degree n. 度；度数；程度 cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁 changeable adj. 易变的；常变的 death n. 死亡 determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 above prep.&adv. 在…上方；高于 teammate n. 同队队员；队友 shoulder n. 肩膀；肩部 ladder n. 梯子；阶梯 measure v. 测量 n. 措施 successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 risk v. 冒风险 n. 危险；风险 curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 ambition n. 雄心；野心 explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 risky adj. 有危险的；有风险的 southern adj. 南部的；向南的 located adj. 位于；坐落在 freshwater adj. 淡水的 type n. 类型；种类 attract v. 吸引；招引 curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 traveller n. 旅行者；游客 natural adj. 自然的；天然的 reef n. 礁；礁脉 underwater adj. 水下的 adv. 在水下 northeastern adj. 东北的；东北方向的 coast n. 海岸；海滨 coral n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 include v. 包含；包括 sand n. 沙子 alive adj. 活着；有活力 structure n. 结构；构造 turtle n. 海龟；龟 lifetime n. 一生；终身 单词表短语 短语 中文意思 短语 中文意思 square kilometre  平方千米 sea level  海平面 at all costs  不惜任何代价 cubic metre  立方米 bit by bit  一点一点地；逐渐地 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 → wonderfully adv. 精彩地；绝妙地 2. measure v. 测量；n. 措施→ measurement n. 数量；测量 → measurable adj. 可测量的 3. depth n. 深（度）；纵深 → deep adj. 深的；adv. 深深地 → deepen v. 加深；深化 4. dive v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 → diver n. 潜水员；跳水运动员 → diving n. 潜水（运动）；跳水（运动） 5. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → usual adj. 通常的；平常的 → usually adv. 通常；平常 6. development n. 发展；壮大 → develop v. 发展；开发 → developing adj. 发展中的→developed adj. 发达的；成熟的 7. climber n. 攀登者；登山者 → climb v. 攀登；攀爬 → climbing n. 攀登（运动）；登山（运动） 8. northern adj. 北部的；向北的 → north n. 北；adj. 北方的；adv. 向北 9. distance n. 距离；遥远 → distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 → distantly adv. 遥远地；冷淡地 10. survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；存活 → survivor n. 幸存者 11. condition n. 状态；境况→ conditional adj. 有条件的；假定的 12. changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 → change v. 改变；n. 改变 13. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → die v. 死亡；消逝 → dead adj. 死的；无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的 14. determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 → determine v. 决定；确定 → determination n. 决心 15. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → successful adj. 成功的→ success n. 成功 →succeed v. 成功 16. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 → riskily adv. 冒险地；危险地 17. curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 18. ambition n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 → ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 → ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地；热切地 19. explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 → explore v. 探索；勘探 → exploration n. 探索；勘探 20. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 → simplicity n. 简单；单纯 21. southern adj. 南部的；向南的 → south n. 南；adj. 南方的；adv. 向南 22. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → locate v. 定位；位于 → location n. 位置；地点 23. attract v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） → attractive adj. 有吸引力的→attraction n. 吸引力；景点 24. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 25. traveller（=traveler）n. 旅行者；游客 → travel v. 旅行；n. 旅行 26. natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 →naturally adv. 自然地；天生地 → nature n. 自然；天性 27. coast n. 海岸；海滨 → coastal adj. 沿海的；海岸的 28. include v. 包含；包括 → inclusion n. 包含→ inclusive adj. 包含的；包括的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．The Dead Sea is about 430 metres ________ sea level. A．on B．below C．over D．above 【答案】B 【详解】句意：死海大约低于海平面430米。 on在……之上；below低于；over在……上方；above高于。根据地理常识可知，死海的海拔低于海平面，此处应填below。 2．It’s not easy to ________ in the desert without water. A．skate B．sing C．survive D．swim 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在沙漠中没有水不容易活下来。 skate滑冰；sing唱歌；survive生存、活下来；swim游泳。根据“in the desert without water”可知，在沙漠中没有水的情况下，不容易“活下来”，应填survive。 3．—Why did you change your plan so quickly? —Because the weather here is very ________. It was sunny just now, but now it’s snowing. A．changeable B．comfortable C．terrible D．valuable 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么这么快就改变了计划？——因为这里的天气非常变化无常。刚才还阳光明媚，现在却下雪了。 考查形容词辨析。changeable易变的；comfortable舒适的；terrible糟糕的；valuable有价值的。根据“It was sunny just now, but now it’s snowing.”可知，此处强调天气多变。故选A。 4．—Why do you love walking in the mountains so much? —It’s peaceful. Being close to ________ beauty makes me relax a lot. A．accidental B．traditional C．natural D．common 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“——你为什么这么喜欢在山里散步？——因为很宁静。亲近自然之美让我非常放松。” 考查形容词辨析。accidental偶然的；traditional传统的；natural自然的；common常见的。根据“walking in the mountains”和“Being close to...beauty”可知，山中景色属于自然之美，因此用natural最符合语境。故选C。 5．Every year, thousands of ________ come to Yunnan to enjoy its natural beauty. A．travellers B．students C．teachers D．workers 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年，成千上万的游客来到云南欣赏它的自然美景。 考查名词辨析。travellers旅行者；students学生；teachers教师；workers工人。根据“come to Yunnan to enjoy its natural beauty（来云南欣赏自然美景）”可知，来欣赏美景的通常是旅行者。故选A。 6．Children are always ________ about everything around them—they ask many questions every day. A．curious B．thirsty C．confident D．worried 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们总是对他们周围的一切都很好奇——他们每天问很多问题。 考查形容词辨析。curious好奇的；thirsty口渴的；confident自信的；worried担心的。根据“they ask many questions every day”可知，孩子们对周围事物充满好奇。故选A。 7．We need to ________ to protect the rare animals in the wild. A．take notes B．take measures C．take breaks D．take risks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要采取措施来保护野外的珍稀动物。 考查动词短语辨析。take notes记笔记；take measures采取措施；take breaks休息；take risks冒险。根据“protect the rare animals”可知，此处是指需要“采取措施”来保护珍稀动物，take measures符合语境。故选B。 8．What a brave teenager he was! He risked his life ________ a little girl in the middle of the road. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他真是个勇敢的少年！他冒着生命危险去救马路中间的小女孩。 考查非谓语动词。risk doing sth. 意为“冒险做某事”，但此处空格前已有“risked his life”，其后应接不定式表目的，即“risk one’s life to do sth.”表示“冒着生命危险去做某事”。故选C。 9．Joe, you should give up playing computer games. It’s ________ a waste of time. A．luckily B．hardly C．freshly D．simply 【答案】D 【详解】句意：乔，你应该放弃玩电脑游戏。这简直是浪费时间。 考查副词辨析。luckily幸运地；hardly几乎不；freshly新鲜地；simply仅仅，简直。根据前文“你应该放弃玩电脑游戏”可知，后句强调“纯粹是/简直是浪费时间”，simply在此处加强语气，符合语境。故选D。 10．—Mum,I find it hard to finish reading this long novel in a week. —Take it easy. You can read it _________. A．at once B．bit by bit C．in total D．on time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我觉得一周内读完这本长篇小说很难。——别担心，你可以一点一点地读。 考查短语辨析。at once立刻；bit by bit一点一点地；in total总共；on time准时。根据前句“一周内读完这本长篇小说很难”，妈妈安慰说“别担心，你可以……读”，可知应建议“一点一点地读”，符合语境。故选B。 11．Studies show that dolphins have a high ______ of intelligence. They are really clever animals. A．curiosity B．survey C．level D．coast 【答案】C 【详解】句意：研究表明海豚有很高的智力水平。它们真是聪明的动物。 考查名词辨析。curiosity好奇心；survey调查；level水平；coast海滨。根据“They are really clever animals”可知，它们很聪明，有很高的智力水平，故选C。 12．My dog ________ yesterday. Its ________ made me sad. A．die; dead B．died; dying C．died; death D．dead; died 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的狗昨天死了。它的死让我很伤心。 考查动词时态和词汇辨析。die“死”，动词，过去式是died；dead死亡的；dying垂死的；death死亡，名词。由yesterday可知，时态是一般过去时，所以第一空用die的过去式died，排除A、D；Its是形容词性物主代词修饰名词，空处在句中作主语，所以用death。故选C。 13．Lisa’s dog is lost and she’s very sad. I ________ what we can do to help her. A．risk B．explore C．wonder D．travel 【答案】C 【详解】句意：丽莎的狗丢了，她很伤心。我想知道我们能做些什么来帮助她。 考查动词辨析。risk使...冒风险；explore探索；wonder想知道；travel旅游。根据“what we can do to help her”可知，此处表示想知道能做些什么帮助她，应用动词wonder。故选C。 14．—Dad, our sofa looks a bit old. Can we buy a new one? —Well, it is old but still in good ________. Let’s save money for something else. A．instruction B．condition C．measurement D．development 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我们的沙发看起来有点旧了。我们能买个新的吗？——嗯，它是旧了，但状况还很好。我们把钱省下来用在别的地方吧。 考查名词辨析。instruction说明；condition状况；measurement数量，测量；development发展。根据“it is old but still in good...”可知，此处强调沙发虽然旧，但功能或状态仍不错。故选B。 15．Tom entered ________ the singing competition last month. His hobby has brought him ________. A．successful; success B．successful; successfully C．successfully; success D．successfully; successful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆成功地参加了上个月的歌唱比赛。他的爱好给他带来了成功。 考查词义辨析。successful成功的；successfully成功地；success成功。第一空修饰动词entered，应填副词successfully。bring sb sth“给某人带来某物”，第二空应填名词success作宾语，故选C。 16．Mr. Jin is one of the greatest ________ writers. He is still _________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．alive; living D．alive; alive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：金先生是健在的最伟大的作家之一。他仍然活着。 考查形容词辨析。living活着的，健在的，在句中作表语或定语；alive活着的，在句中作表语或后置定语，强调生与死的界限。第一空强调“还在世的”，应用living；第二空作表语，强调“活着”，应用alive。故选A。 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．The ________ (程度) of pollution in the river was falling these years. 【答案】degree 【详解】句意：这几年这条河的污染程度在下降。程度：degree，名词。故填degree。 2．The submarine (潜艇) rose to the ________ (表面) of the ocean after hours underwater. 【答案】surface 【详解】句意：潜艇在水下几个小时后浮出了海面。根据汉语提示“表面”以及固定搭配“the surface of...”（……的表面/水面）可知，surface“表面”，名词。故填surface。 3．In the Reed Flute Cave, there are so many rocks in _________ (不寻常的) shapes. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：芦笛洞里有很多形状奇特的岩石。根据汉语提示可知，形容词unusual“不寻常的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词shapes。故填unusual。 4．Our government is trying to make our living __________（条件）better. 【答案】conditions 【详解】句意：我们的政府正在努力改善我们的生活条件。condition表示“条件”，此处表泛指，用复数形式。故填conditions。 5．We should protect the ________(自然的) environment for our future generations. 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：我们应该为子孙后代保护自然的环境。根据提示可知，“自然的”对应的英文单词是natural，它是形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词“environment”，表示环境的属性。故填natural。 6．With very little water, it’s hard for a plant to ________ (存活). 【答案】survive 【详解】句意：由于水分极少，植物很难存活下来。“存活”survive，to后接动词原形，构成不定式作主语。故填survive。 7．Even though we are in difficulty times, we need to keep hope ________(活着的). 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：即使我们处于困难时期，我们也需要保持希望。根据“Even though we are in difficulty times, we need to keep hope...”及中文提示，可知此处需填形容词alive“活着的”，作宾语补足语。故填alive。 8．Don’t put all eggs in one basket. There is a ________ (风险) of losing everything. 【答案】risk 【详解】句意：不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。有失去一切的风险。根据中文提示，risk“风险”符合题意，a接可数名词单数。故填risk。 9．These boys are born artists, all of them are quite ________ (好奇的) about the world around them. 【答案】curious 【详解】句意：这些男孩是天生的艺术家，他们都对周围的世界很好奇。根据汉语提示可知，curious“好奇的”，形容词，在句中作表语，be curious about“对……好奇”。故填curious。 10．I thank from the ________ (底部) of my heart for your great help. 【答案】bottom 【详解】句意：我从心底感谢你的帮助。底部：bottom，from the bottom of one’s heart从某人心底里，故填bottom。 11．The menu for students changes weekly and _______ (包含）different fresh fruit and milk. 【答案】includes 【详解】句意：学生的菜单每周都有变化，包括不同的新鲜水果和牛奶。include包括，动词；分析句子可知，and连接两个并列的句子，前后时态需一致，由changes可知是一般现在时；主语都是menu（后半句主语省略），是单数第三人称，动词需用三单形式，故填includes。 12．Han Tianyu didn’t take part in this year’s Winter Olympics ________ (仅仅) because he was hurt. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：韩天宇没有参加今年的冬奥会仅仅是因为受伤了。“仅仅”simply，副词修饰句子。故填simply。 13．After the picnic, the children jumped into the shallow ________ (池塘) of water. 【答案】pool 【详解】句意：野餐之后，孩子们跳进了浅池塘里。“池塘”在英语中常用pool表达，该词在句中作介词into的宾语，被形容词shallow修饰，符合句子语义与语法要求。 14．The AI industry’s ________ (发展) has long depended on making computing power bigger. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：人工智能行业的发展，长期以来都依赖于算力的提升。所有格后接名词，此处是名词作主语，“发展”development，故填development。 15．My left ________ (肩膀) hurt, so I went to see a doctor right now. 【答案】shoulder 【详解】句意：我的左肩膀受伤了，所以我立刻就去看医生了。shoulder “肩膀”，根据前面的“My left”可知，填可数名词单数。故填shoulder。 16．Learning a language takes time; you need to practice ________ ________ ________ (一点一点地)every day. 【答案】 bit by bit 【详解】句意：学习语言需要时间；你必须每天一点一点地练习。英文句子缺少“一点一点地”，英文表达是bit by bit。故填bit；by；bit。 17．The nature reserve covers an area of over 500 ________ ________(平方千米) providing a safe home for many wild animals. 【答案】 square kilometres 【详解】句意：这个自然保护区面积超过500平方千米，为许多野生动物提供了安全的栖息地。“平方千米”的固定表达是square kilometre，句中“500”为大于1的数词，因此名词需用复数形式kilometres。故填square；kilometres。 18．Twenty-two volunteers ________ ________ ________(冒着生命) to cross the bridge. 【答案】 risked their lives 【详解】句意：22名志愿者冒着生命危险过桥。“冒着生命危险做某事”，应用固定搭配“risk one’s life to do sth.”；主语“Twenty-two volunteers”是复数，one’s需对应变为their“他们的”，life的复数形式是lives；根据句意可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，risk的过去式是risked。故填risked；their；lives。 19．Due to climate change, the melting ice caps are causing the _________ ________ (海平面) to rise gradually. 【答案】 sea level 【详解】句意：由于气候变化，融化的冰盖正导致海平面逐渐上升。sea level“海平面”，是固定短语。 20．Athletes train hard every day to achieve their goals ________ ________ ________ (不惜任何代价). 【答案】 at all costs 【详解】句意：运动员每天刻苦训练以实现他们的目标，不惜任何代价。句中“不惜任何代价”常见的英文表达是“at all costs”，其中“at”是介词，“all”表示“所有的”，“costs”是“cost”的复数形式，在这里“cost”作名词，意为“代价” ，“at all costs”整体表示“不惜任何代价”。故填at；all；costs。 词汇语境练-语篇 一、用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空。 A sea level    square kilometre    at all costs    only if    bit by bit 1．We should protect the environment . 2． , he became more confident in speaking English. 3．As the global (全球) temperature rises, the is slowly getting higher. 4．The nature park covers an area of over 100 . 5．You can go out to play you finish your homework first. 【答案】1．at all costs 2．Bit by bit 3．sea level 4．square kilometres 5．only if 【解析】1．句意：我们应当不惜一切代价保护环境。此处是状语，保护环境应不惜一切代价，at all costs“不惜一切代价”符合语义。 2．句意：逐渐地，他在说英语方面变得越来越自信。此处作状语，他逐渐变得更加自信，bit by bit“一点一点地，逐渐地”符合语境。 3．句意：随着全球气温上升，海平面正慢慢升高。the后接名词短语作主语，全球气温上升导致海平面上升，sea level“海平面”符合语义。 4．句意：这个自然公园的占地面积超过100平方公里。数词100修饰复数名词，公园的占地面积应是100平方公里，square kilometre“平方公里”的复数形式符合语义和语法。 5．句意：你只有先完成作业，才可以出去玩。此处是连词引导从句，“完成作业”是“出去玩”的条件，only if“只有”符合逻辑。 B 根据句意从方框中选出正确的单词填空。 shoulders / curiosity / measures / degree / southern 1．The city of Sanya is famous for its beautiful beaches and warm weather all year round. 2．To a certain , learning a foreign language requires patience and practice. 3．Isaac Newton said, “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the of giants.” 4．The little boy has great . He always asks “Why?” about everything he sees. 5．The government has taken strict to stop air pollution in big cities. 【答案】1．southern 2．degree 3．shoulders 4．curiosity 5．measures 【解析】1．句意：南部城市三亚以其美丽的海滩和全年温暖的天气而闻名。根据“city of Sanya”和“beautiful beaches and warm weather”可知，三亚位于中国南部，southern“南方的，南部的”，是形容词作定语。故填southern。 2．句意：在一定程度上，学习外语需要耐心和练习。根据“learning a foreign language requires patience and practice”可知，这是说“在某种程度上”的观点，to a certain degree“在一定程度上”，是固定搭配。故填degree。 3．句意：艾萨克·牛顿说：“如果我看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。”根据“standing on the...of giants”可知，此处引用牛顿的名言，意为“站在巨人的肩膀上”，shoulders“肩膀”，是名词复数。故填shoulders。 4．句意：这个小男孩有很强的好奇心。他总是对他看到的每件事都问“为什么”。根据“He always asks ‘Why?’ about everything he sees.”可知，小男孩对一切都问“为什么”，这是好奇心的表现，curiosity“好奇心”，是不可数名词。故填curiosity。 5．句意：政府已采取严格措施来阻止大城市的空气污染。根据“to stop air pollution”可知，政府采取的是“措施”，take measures to do sth.“采取措施做某事”，是固定搭配。故填measures。 C 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词。 explorer, travel, nature, beautiful, alive, type, successful, natural, sand, colour There are many amazing 1 wonders around the world. Some are made of 2 , and some are formed by water. Different 3 of natural wonders attract lots of 4 every year. 5 can walk along safe paths. The best view is at the top, where you can see the truly 6 landscape. To reach this point, visitors need to climb carefully. The park 7 protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its 8 . We must work together to keep such wonders 9 for future generations. Let’s cherish these gifts from 10 and never stop exploring them. 【答案】 1．natural 2．sand 3．types 4．travellers 5．Explorers 6．colourful 7．successfully 8．beauty 9．alive 10．nature 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地的自然奇观，以及人们如何探索和保护这些自然奇观。 1．句意：世界上有许多令人惊叹的自然奇观。结合所给单词和“wonders”以及下文“natural wonders”可知，此处表示自然奇观，形容词natural“自然的”符合语境，修饰名词wonders，故填natural。 2．句意：有些是由沙子构成的，有些是由水形成的。结合所给单词和“Some are made of”可知，此处表示由沙子构成，名词sand“沙子”符合语境，不可数名词，故填sand。 3．句意：不同类型的自然奇观每年吸引着众多游客。结合所给单词和“Different...of natural wonders”可知，此处表示不同类型的自然奇观，名词type“类型”符合语境，different后接可数名词的复数形式，故填types。 4．句意：不同类型的自然奇观每年吸引着众多游客。结合所给单词和“attract lots of”可知，此处表示吸引众多游客。名词travel“旅行”的名词形式之一是traveller“游客”符合语境，lots of后接可数名词的复数形式，故填travellers。 5．句意：探险者可以沿着安全路径行走。结合所给单词和“can walk along safe paths”可知，此处表示探险者，名词explorer“探险者”符合语境，可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填Explorers。 6．句意：最美的风景在顶端，在那里你能看见真正绚丽多彩的景色。结合所给单词和“you can see the truly…landscape”可知，此处指绚丽多彩的景色，用colour的形容词colourful修饰landscape。故填colourful。 7．句意：公园成功地保护了这片广阔的区域，同时允许人们享受它的美景。结合所给单词和“protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its...”可知，此处表示成功地保护，形容词successful“成功的”的副词形式successfully“成功地”符合语境，修饰动词protects，故填successfully。 8．句意：公园成功地保护了这片广阔的区域，同时允许人们享受它的美景。结合所给单词和“enjoy its...”可知，此处表示享受美景，形容词beautiful的名词形式beauty符合语境。故填beauty。 9．句意：我们必须共同努力，让这些奇观为后代留存。结合所给单词和“keep such wonders...for future generations”可知，此处表示让奇观留存，形容词alive“活着的”符合语境，作宾语补足语，故填alive。 10．句意：让我们珍惜这些来自大自然的礼物，永远不要停止探索它们。结合所给单词和“Let’s cherish these gifts from...”可知，此处表示来自大自然的礼物，名词nature“大自然”符合语境，故填nature。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。 The Yellow River is the second 1 (long) river in China. It is also one of the most important 2 (wonder) in China. And Chinese people always consider the Yellow River as the “Mother River”. Its colour is different 3 other rivers. The colour is affected by the plenty of sediment (沉淀物) it carries. The Yellow River is of great importance to the Chinese 4 (civilize). It is the place where the Chinese nation was born and developed. The Yellow River has been a source (源头) of water for agriculture for thousands of years, and has helped to keep the 5 (develop) of the Chinese nation. However, everything has two sides. The river has flooded many times in history. And it caused great damage (损失) and death. In order 6 (control) the floods, the Chinese government has built a lot of dams (大坝) along the river. Unluckily, the Yellow River is 7 (face) great challenges today, like pollution, overuse of water and so on. These problems are mainly caused by human activities. For example, some of us like to use one-off plastic bags 8 drop litter here and there. Besides, people cut down trees for their needs. Taking care of the Yellow River is every person’s duty. By working together, we believe that the Yellow River will become much 9 (good). We can also make sure that it continues to be 10 important symbol of Chinese culture and history. 【答案】 1．longest 2．wonders 3．from 4．civilization 5．development 6．to control 7．facing 8．and 9．better 10．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黄河的基本特征、黄河对中华民族的重要意义、历史水患问题以及当前黄河面临的生态问题，呼吁大众共同承担保护黄河的责任。 1．句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。表示“第几……”的固定结构为“the+序数词+形容词最高级”，此处需用最高级形式。故填longest。 2．句意：它也是中国最重要的奇观之一。固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，wonder作名词时意为“奇观”，此处需用复数形式。故填wonders。 3．句意：它的颜色和其他河流不同。be different from是固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。故填from。 4．句意：黄河对中华文明十分重要。此处形容词Chinese修饰名词，作介词to的宾语，civilize是动词，需用名词形式civilization“文明”。故填civilization。 5．句意：几千年来黄河一直是农业水源，助力了中华民族的发展。定冠词the后需用名词，develop是动词，名词形式是development“发展”。故填development。 6．句意：为了控制洪水，中国政府沿河修建了很多大坝。in order to do sth是固定搭配，意为“为了做某事”，不定式表目的。故填to control。 7．句意：不幸的是，如今黄河正面临着污染、水资源过度利用等诸多巨大挑战。由“today”可知，本句是现在进行时，is后需用现在分词facing。故填facing。 8．句意：例如，我们中的一些人喜欢使用一次性塑料袋，还到处乱扔垃圾。空格前后“use one-off plastic bags”和“drop litter here and there”是两个并列的动作，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。 9．句意：通过共同努力，我们相信黄河会变得好多了。much修饰比较级，表示“……得多了”，become后需用形容词作表语，good是原级，需用比较级形式better。故填better。 10．句意：我们还可以确保它继续成为中国文化和历史的重要象征。symbol是可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个”，important以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $