Unit8 语法专项课件 动词不定式作目的状语, 宾语补足语 2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语上册

教学课件 冀教英语八年级上册 Unit8 语法专项—— 动词不定式作目的状语/宾语补足语 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 掌握动词不定式（to+动词原形）的两个核心功能 能区分不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语的用法 牢记接不定式作宾补的核心动词及固定结构 熟练完成各类题型，能在语境中灵活运用 了解环保相关语境中不定式的实际应用 语法定义 动词不定式基本结构：to + 动词原形（to可省略的特殊情况除外） 本单元核心功能一：作目的状语，表达“为了……”，说明动作目的 本单元核心功能二：作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作 两者结构不同、用法不同，需重点区分，避免混淆 核心用法一：作目的状语 基本结构有两种，可灵活运用 结构1：To + 动词原形 + 主句（句首，强调目的） 结构2：主句 + to + 动词原形（句末，补充说明目的） 不定式作目的状语，逻辑上是主句动作的目的 目的状语·例句解析 例句1：To carry out the task, a group of 369 foresters was organised. 解析：To carry out...在句首，表目的“为了执行这项任务” 例句2：They used science and technology to help trees survive. 解析：to help...在句末，表目的“为了帮助树木存活” 目的状语·位置拓展 句首位置：To + 动词原形，逗号隔开主句，强调目的 例：To protect the environment, we should plant more trees. 句末位置：无需逗号，补充说明主句动作的目的，更自然 例：We should plant more trees to protect the environment. 核心用法二：作宾语补足语 基本结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to + 动词原形 作用：补充说明“宾语”发出的动作，让句子意思更完整 关键：谓语动词是特定动词，不能随意搭配 核心逻辑：主语让/激励/帮助宾语做某事 宾补·单元核心动词及例句 1. inspire sb. to do（激励某人做某事） 例句：The Saihanba Spirit inspired the foresters to complete the task. 2. help sb. (to) do（帮助某人做某事） 例句：They helped trees (to) survive harsh conditions. 宾补·核心动词补充 3. want sb. to do（想要某人做某事） 例句：I want you to join the environmental activity. 补充拓展：ask sb. to do（要求某人做某事） 例句：The teacher asked us to protect the green plants. 这些动词后必须接“宾语+to do”结构 语法规则·宾补的否定形式 否定结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + not to + 动词原形 关键：否定词not要放在to的前面，不能放在to后面 例句：The teacher asked us not to litter in the park. 解析：not to litter补充说明宾语us的动作，表“不要乱扔垃圾” 语法规则·help的特殊用法（易错点） help后接不定式作宾补时，有两种正确形式 形式1：help sb. to do（to可保留，最规范） 形式2：help sb. do（to可省略，口语和书面语均可） 例句：They helped trees (to) survive harsh conditions.（两种都对） 易混点区分：目的状语 vs 宾语补足语 目的状语：表动作目的，修饰主句动作，无“宾语”衔接 例：We work hard to protect the forest.（to protect是目的） 宾补：补充宾语动作，前面有明确的宾语和特定谓语动词 例：We encourage him to protect the forest.（to protect是宾补） 核心动词搭配表 动词（短语） 用法（作宾补） 简单例句 inspire sb. to do 激励某人做某事 He inspires us to work hard. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 I help her (to) study. want sb. to do 想要某人做某事 She wants me to come. 基础练习1：识别不定式用法 说明：请判断下列句子中不定式的用法，填A或B A. 目的状语 B. 宾语补足语 1. To protect the forest, they worked hard. → __________ 2. The government inspired people to plant trees. → __________ 3. We use solar energy to save electricity. → __________ A B A 基础练习1：识别不定式用法（续） 4. He wants me to join the volunteer team. → __________ 5. To finish the work, they stayed up late. → __________ 6. My mother asks me to clean my room every day. → __________ 7. They go to the park to enjoy the fresh air. → __________ B A B A 基础练习2：用所给动词的不定式填空 请根据句意，填入所给动词的正确不定式形式 1. __________ (improve) the environment, we should reduce waste. 2. The foresters worked hard __________ (create) a green world. 3. The story inspired us __________ (protect) nature. 4. We need more people __________ (join) the environmental project. To improve to create to protect to join 基础练习2：用所给动词的不定式填空（续） 5. They used new methods __________ (help) trees grow. 6. She wants me __________ (go) to the park with her this weekend. 7. To keep healthy, we need __________ (exercise) every day. 8. The teacher inspired us __________ (study) harder for our dreams. to help to go to exercise to study 进阶练习1：单项选择 1. __________ protect the Earth, we should use reusable bags. A. For B. To C. With 2. The teacher encouraged us __________ more trees in spring. A. plant B. to plant C. planting 3. We go to the park __________ fresh air every morning. A. to breathe B. breathe C. breathing 4. My parents want me __________ a volunteer in the activity. A. be B. to be C. being 5. They developed new technology __________ trees survive. A. help B. to help C. helping B B A B B 阶练习2：句型转换（合并句子） 1. We should save water. We want to protect the environment. We should save water __________ __________ the environment. 2. The government organised foresters. They wanted to turn the desert into forest. The government organised foresters __________ __________ the desert into forest. 3. He told me. I should recycle waste. He told me __________ __________ waste. 4. She helps me. I can finish my homework on time. She helps me __________ __________ my homework on time. 5. We plant trees. We want to make our city greener. We plant trees __________ __________ our city greener. to protect to turn to recycle to finish to make 易错点总结（一） 1. 目的状语的to不可省略，句首To开头后需加逗号 2. 宾补的否定形式是“not to do”，not不能放to后面 3. help后接宾补，to可加可不加，两种形式都正确 4. 区分目的状语和宾补：看是否有“宾语+特定动词” 易错点总结（二） 5. 接宾补的动词（inspire/want/help等）不能直接接to do 必须加宾语，即“动词+宾语+to do” 6. 目的状语修饰主句动作，宾补补充宾语动作，不可混淆 7. 不定式后面必须接动词原形，不能接ing形式 教学课件 Unit8 语法专项—— 动词不定式作目的状语/宾语补足语 Thank you for listening! 22 $