Unit 5 Languages around the world 词汇课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD (Words and Expressions) UNIT 5 billion /ˈbɪljən/  n.十亿 1. 表示具体数字时，用单数 3 billion 2. 表示泛指，用复数，加s ： billions of 数十亿 3. 口诀：有数字，无s；无数字，加s 词汇积累 2 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 a native of... ……的本地人 be native to 原产于 3. native language 母语 4. go native 入乡随俗 nation n.国家，民族 national adj.国家的 nationality n. 国籍 =local 3 The giant panda is native ________ China. Her uncle is a native ________ Shanghai. to of 【即学即练】 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 China is our native country，and Chinese is our native language. 中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。 The tiger is native to India. 这种老虎产于印度。 attitude /ˈætɪtju:d/ n.态度；看法 1. a positive/negative attitude to 对…持有积极态度/消极态度 2. have ... attitude to ... 对……持……态度 5 attitude /ˈætɪtju:d/ n.态度；看法 尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。 Try to have a positive attitude to everything and stop complaining. 【即学即练】 ①正是你对工作不好的态度使你父母生气。 It was　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that made your parents angry. ②无论你面临什么问题，都应该对工作有积极的态度。 No matter what problems you are faced with，you should ________________________________________. your bad attitude to your work have a positive attitude to your work 6 参考书 refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 reference /ˈrefrəns / n.指称关系；参考  refer  (referred , referred，referring) vi. 提到；参考；查阅  vt. 查询;叫…求助于  reference books 7 reference /ˈrefrəns / n.指称关系；参考  1. I have nothing to say in 　　　　　　　(refer) to that incident.  2. Tradition also refers 　　　　　the things that have been developing and that are still being created.  reference　 to　 Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know how to pronounce the word. 如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查字典。 8 system /ˈsɪstəm / n. 体系；制度；系统 The new computer system is very efficient.高效的 9 despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管 尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。 Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 Life is full of ups and downs, but we must keep going. 11 factor / ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 要记住自信是成功的关键因素。 Remember that confidence is the key factor in success. Exercise is an important factor in achieving good health. 关键的/至关重要的/决定性因素 the key/deciding factor 12 base/beɪs/  vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；总部，基地 1. base...on...把…建立在…基础之上 2. be based on以……为基础;依据…… 这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。 based adj. 以(某事)为基础的 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 basically adv. 基本上；总的说来 basis n.基础 This book is based on a true story. 13 ①One should always base his opinion ________ facts. ②They have to have a ________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. on basic 【即学即练】 base/beɪs/  vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；总部，基地 date back (to ...) 追溯到 1. date back + 一段时间 2. date back to + 时间点 ＝ date from... 追溯到 3. out of date 过时的 4. up to date 现代的;最新的 Beijing Opera, which dates back to the Qing Dynasty, has a history of more than 200 years. 15 bone / bəʊn /  n.骨头 shell /ʃel /  n.壳；壳状物 16 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/  n. 符号；象征 a/the symbol of ... ……的象征 the symbol for… …的符号，记号 symbolic adj.象征(性)的;用作符号的 symbolism n.象征手法；象征主义 symbolize vt. 象征；用符号代表 鸽子是和平的象征。 The dove is a symbol of peace. 17 carve/ kɑ:v/  vt. & vi 雕刻 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 variety /vəˈraɪəti/  n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 a variety of… = varieties of = various 各种各样的…… various adj. 各种各样的 vary v.改变，变化 19 variety [vəˈraɪəti] n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 ①In my free time，I'd like to take exercise，such as swimming, running and ________ (variety) ball games. ②It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for ________ variety of reasons. various a 【即学即练】 major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/  adj.主要的； n.主修课程； vi.主修；专门研究 反：minor adj.次要的 minority 少数 majority n.多数;大多数 (1)major in 主修……；以……为专业 (2)the majority of   大多数…… 21 I have a gift for language, so I major　　　　 English in college. When it comes to education, the 　　　　（major） of people believe that education is of great importance. in majority =important =significant =crucial =vital major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/  adj.主要的； n.主修课程； vi.主修；专门研究 → ___________ n．大多数；大半 → _________ n．少数 majority minority no matter (what/how/where/when) … 不论……；不管…… （引导让步状语从句） no matter+ 疑问词+从句=疑问词-ever +从句 eg：no matter when=whenever 无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰狼。 No matter how fast the rabbit ran, it could not escape the big grey wolf. 任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。 Any person, no matter who they are, must go through an identity check. 不管你说什么，我都要离开。 I’ll leave anyway, no matter what you say. 23 No matter where I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese. ①不管谁向他求助，他总是乐于助人。 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　， he is always ready to help. ②无论结果怎样，我们都要笑着接受。 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　， we should accept it with a smile. ③ 无论有多么困难，我决心提前完成工作。 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 , I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time. Whoever/No matter who asks him for help Whatever/No matter what the result is No matter how/However difficult it is 【即学即练】 no matter (what/how/where/when) … 不论……；不管…… （引导让步状语从句） dialect /'daɪəlekt/  n.地方话；方言 It was difficult to understand the local dialect. 这种方言很难懂。 means /mi:nz/  n.方式；方法；途径 （单复数同形） by all means 务必，不惜一切地 by no means 绝不；一点也不(用于句首时引起部分倒装) by means of... 依靠……方法，借助……手段 This plan must be realized by all means. By no means should he be left alone. Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 26 mean ■(meant, meant) v ①表示...的意思，意思是(说) ②意味着mean doing sth ③意欲; 打算mean to do sth  ■adj①吝啬的;小气的②卑鄙的;刻薄的 meaning n.意思;含义;重要性 meaningful adj.有意义的 meaningless adj.无意义的 classic /ˈklæsɪk/  adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的  n.经典作品 classical adj.古典的；经典的 regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/  n.尊重；关注  vt.把……视为；看待 (1) regard/consider...as... 认为……是…… (2) have high regard for... 高度关注/无视…… with/in regard to sth. 关于某事 in this regard 就这一点而言 regard for… 对……的尊重 (3) give one’s regards (to sb.) 代某人(向某人)问好 29 regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/  n.尊重；关注  vt.把……视为；看待 我们一直把他看作朋友。 We always regard him as a friend. 请代我向你家人问好。 Please give my kind regards to your family. 他被看成是最有希望的球员。 He is regarded as the most promising player. 30 character /'kærəktə(r)/  n.文字；符号；角色；特点 characteristic n.特征，特性 adj.典型的；独特的 characterize vt.以...为特色;具有...的特征 Chinese characters 汉字 of good character 品格高尚 cartoon characters 卡通人物 Her behaviour last night was completely out of character. 她昨晚的行为举止与她的性格极其不符。 In the story，the main character has left his girlfriend and baby. 故事中，主人公离开了他的女友和孩子。 Mr. Smith doesn’t know Chinese characters. 史密斯先生不认识汉字。 character /'kærəktə(r)/  n.文字；符号；角色；特点 calligraphy  /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n.书法；书法艺术 global /ˈɡloʊbəl/ adj.全球的；全世界的 Climate change is a global issue that affects everyone. globalize v.全球化 globalization n.全球化 globally adv.全球地 global warming 全球变暖 affair /əˈfeər/ n.公共事务；事件；关系 personal affairs current affairs business affairs public affairs political affairs 私事 时事 商业事务 公共事务 政务 appreciate  [əˈpriːʃɪˌeɪt]  vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　 vi. 增值 appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 appreciative adj. 感激的 appreciate sb doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 show one’s appreciation to sb for sth. 因为某事向某人表达感激 I would appreciate it if you could do sth. 如果你能……，我将感激不尽 35 ①I'd appreciate ________ if you let me know whether you are free in advance. ②I appreciate _____________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. ③Here I sincerely express my _______________ (appreciate) if you could give me some advice on how to learn English. it being given appreciation appreciate  [əˈpriːʃɪˌeɪt]  vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　 vi. 增值 specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 specify v.具体说明；明确规定；详述 specification n.规格/范；说明书 specifically adv.具体地，明确地 I gave you specific instructions. 我给过你明确的指示。 struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 [ˈstrʌɡl] 1. 她艰难地站起来。 She struggled to her feet. 2. 他同癌症抗争了两年。 He struggled against/with cancer for two years. struggling adj. 奋斗的；努力的；苦斗的 struggle for　努力争取……；为……而斗争 struggle against/with   与……作斗争 struggle to do sth.   努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 某人挣扎着站起来 38 tongue /tʌŋ/ n.舌头；语言 He bit his tongue while eating. The dog's tongue was hanging out. 狗的舌头耷拉在外面。 tone n.语调 mother/native tongue 母语 point of view 观点；看法 在我看来： 1. in my view/opinion 2. from my point of view 3. as far as I am concerned From my point of view, this decision is the best one we can make. 40 gas /ɡæs/ n. 汽油；气体；燃气 petrol /'petrəl/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油 semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n.学期 subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n.(BrE underground) 地铁 坐地铁 take the subway by subway apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房 flat n.公寓 pants / pænts / n. [pl.] (BrE )内裤；短裤； (especially NAmE )裤子 trousers n.裤子；长裤 beg /beg/ vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求 他们向他请求帮助 They begged him for help. 他求她不要离开。 He begged her not to go. (beg—begged—begged) beggar n. 乞丐 beg your pardon. [口语]对不起。(请再说一遍) beg sb for sth. = beg sth of/from sb.向某人乞求某物 beg (sb) to do sth. 乞求某人做某事 44 equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 v. 等于 [ˈiːkwəl]  equally adv. 平等地 equality n. 平等 unequal adj. 不相等的; 不胜任的 unequally adv.不公平地；不相等地 (1) be without equal=have no equal in 无与伦比 From my point of view, he has no equal in music. 在我看来，在音乐上无人能与他匹敌。 Men are born equal. 人生来平等。 45 equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 v. 等于 [ˈiːkwəl]  (4) be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事 Nancy once worked in a big company. As a result, she can be equal to this position. 南希曾经在一家大公司工作过。因此，她可以胜任这个职位。 (5) be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同 They are equal in both talent and abilities. 他们才华能力相当。 46 equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 v. 等于 [ˈiːkwəl]  ①I’m trying to do what is best, but 　　　　　(equal) I’ve got to consider the cost.  ②They live and work together in complete 　　　　　　(equal) and brotherhood.  ③Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal 　 your physical health.  equally　 equality　 to　 → __________ n．平等； → __________ adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 equality equally 47 gap n．间隔；开口；差距 gap year 空档年 generation gap 代沟 gap between the rich and the poor 贫富差距 [ɡæp] 48 demand [dɪˈmɑːnd] n．要求；需求　 vt. 强烈要求；需要　vi.查问 be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 demand that...(should) do... 坚决要求某人做(虚拟语气） = it is demanded that...(should) do demanding adj.  高要求的；要求严格的 49 “一二三四”记“虚拟” 表示“命令；要求；劝告”的词归纳(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略)： 一坚持：insist 二命令：order; command 三建议：advise; suggest; propose 四要求：request; require; demand; ask vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/ n.词汇 The teacher encouraged students to enrich their vocabulary. Reading will enlarge your vocabulary. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容 give a description of 形容;描述 beyond description 无法形容;难以描述 describe ... as... 把……描绘成…… ___________ vt.描述 describe 52 description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容 ①He has been described 　　　　　the world’s greatest violinist.  ②At this present moment, I have a joy inside of me which is _______description.  ③As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible 　　　 (describe) them all in a short text.  as　 beyond　 to describe　 53 relate [rɪˈleɪt] vt. 联系；讲述 relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述某事 relate sth to sth 将……与……联系 be related to... 与……有关 in relation to 关于 correlate v. 相互关联影响，相互依赖 related adj.相关的;有联系的 relevant adj.相关的，有关的 irrelevant adj.不相关的 relative adj.比较的;相对的　n.亲戚 relation n.关系;关联 relationship n.关系;联系 54 This is quite important, because it is directly related _____ your commitment. The position calls for _________ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers. Determining where we are in __________ (relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. to related relation relate [rɪˈleɪt] vt. 联系；讲述 civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn / n. 文明；文明世界 factor / ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 CE（common era）公元 1. _______________ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→_______________ n.指称关系；参考 2. ___________ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→___________ adj.基本的；基础的→__________ adv.根本上；基本上→___________ n.基础；根据 3. ___________ vt.& vi.(使)变化→____________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→__________ n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 4. ___________ adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→_____________ n.大多数；大半 5. ___________ n.球体；地球仪；地球→___________ adj.全球的；全世界的 reference basic basically basis various variety majority global refer globe vary major base 6. _____________ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→_____________ n.欣赏；感激；感谢→_______________ adj. 感激的 7. __________n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→___________ n.平等；相等→___________ adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 8. __________n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→____________ adj.要求高的 9. __________ vt.描述；形容；描绘→__________ n.描写(文字)；形容 10. __________ vt.联系；讲述→_________ adj.有关系的；有关联的→___________ n.关系→ n.亲戚 adj.相对的 appreciation equality equally demanding description related relation appreciative relative relate describe demand equal appreciate 11. ___________ n. 体系；制度 →_____________ adj.有系统的；有计划的→_______________ adv. 有系统地；有条理地 12. ___________ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→___________ n. 乞丐 13. ___________ n. 符号；象征→____________ adj.象征的，作为象征的 14. _________n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→____________ n. 特征；特性 adj.典型的；独特的 systematic beggar system symbolic characteristic character symbol systematically beg Thank you！ 60 $