Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇详解（Grammar-Extended）课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit1 Honesty and Responsibility （Grammar-Extended Reading） 词汇精讲 cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊（7） 【拓展】 cheat sb out of sth. 阻止某人得到某物；欺骗某人某物 cheat sb into doing sth.骗某人做某事 cheat one’s way into 欺骗；蒙骗 cheater n. 骗子；作弊者 【同义词】to cheat / fool / trick / sb out of sth. to cheat / fool / deceive / betray / trick / sb into doing sth. to cheat / trick / one’s way into sth. 【熟词生义】cheat n. 欺骗，行骗；作弊；骗子；作弊者； 欺骗行为 wrap vt. 包，裹，用…缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料 【拓展】 wrap sth. up in sth. 包，裹（礼物等） wrap A up in B wrap B round/around A 用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等） wrap up 伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服 be wrapped up in sb/sth. 专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于 parcel n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt. 裹好，打 【拓展】 part and parcel of 不可缺少的一部分 parcel sth. up 包；裹好；打包 parcel sth. out 把某物分开；把某物（在几个人之间）分 bow n. 蝴蝶结 vi. 鞠躬 【拓展】 bow down to/before sb/sth 鞠躬；点头；屈从于人；听任摆布 bow out of 退出，告别（尤指一度成功的事业） disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 词性：disappoint v.(使)失望;使破灭,使落空 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望 disappointedly adv.失望地 【拓展】 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望 be disappointed with/in sb.对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而感到失望 be disappointed that....因....而感到失望 【即学即练】 1)The singer has promised to refund(退款) any____________ (disappoint)fans. 2)We got a ____________ (disappoint)message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. 3)She was disappointed not ___________(choose). 4)They __________________the result of the game.他们对比赛结果失望。 5)________________________ (最令我们失望的)is that the boss of the company has been trying to escape responsibility. 6)As the twins looked around them _______________ (失望地) ,their father appeared. What disappoints/disappointed sb. most is/was that...最令某人失望的是···· disappoint one’s hopes of...毁灭某人...的希望 a disappointing result一个令人失望的结果 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 disappointed disappointing in disappointment What disappoints us most to be chosen were disappointed at  pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 【即学即练】　 (1)When his mother came in, he pretended ___________ (do) his homework. (2)Mary pretended _____________ (finish) her homework and went out to play with her classmates. (3)我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。(一句多译) ①She pretended __________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句) ②She pretended _________________ when we met in the street,which really made me upset.(不定式) 【拓展】 pretend to do sth假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth假装做过某事 pretend that...假装... pretend oneself to/as 自诩为··· pretender n. 冒牌者;妄求者; 妄提要求者 pretended adj.假装的;虚假的 pretend adj.假装的;想象的(常为儿童语)(imginary) to be doing to have finished she didn’t know me not to know me We sang songs around a pretend campfire. ... it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. (lines 1-2) 1) It is a great privilege ___________ (know) you. 很荣幸认识你。 2) This pass will privilege you ___________ (attend) the closed hearing. 有了这张通行证你便可以出席不公开的听证会。 to attend to know the anchor of the family 全家的顶梁柱 anchor sb/sth in/to sth 使扎根；使基于 be anchored in 基于；扎根 mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕 ;幸运,恩惠 【即学即练】 1)Having lost engine power, the crew on the boat found themselves ________________(任由...摆布) the wind. 2) ____________(mercy), they arrived on time. 3)一句多译：这位女士很善良，并且她对贫困的孩子很仁慈。 The woman is very kind and she _________________________ the poor children.(mercy n．) The woman is very kind and she _____________________the poor children.(merciful adj.) 【拓展】 at the mercy of 任…处置,对…无能为力 leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而无能为力) throw yourself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能够善待或宽恕自己 ask/beg for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕 have mercy on/ show mercy to 对…怜悯 without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地 It's a mercy that ... ...真是万幸 merciful adj.宽大的,仁慈的; 带来幸运的,给人解脱的 mercifully adv.仁慈地；幸运地 be merciful to...对...仁慈 merciless adj. 残忍的;无慈悲心的 is merciful to has mercy on/ shows mercy to at the mercy of Mercifully 【即学即练】 1)I think the owners are _________（有责任）for not warning us. 2)She was highly self-critical and also _______________(挑剔)her friends. 3) __________________(不是他的过失)he is not familiar with the customs here.After all,he has been here for only a week. 4)Ask for a refund(退款) if the goods are ________(fault). 5)The book's virtues far outweigh its ________(fault). found fault with at fault It is not his fault that faults faulty 【拓展】 find fault with 挑剔;批评;抱怨 find fault in 看出…的缺点;找出…的毛病 be at fault有过错;有责任 词性： faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的;(思维方法)有错误的 faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的 It’s one’s fault that....是某人的过失 to a fault 过分，过度 Barry is generous to a fault. virtue n.美德；正直的品性;优点 【即学即练】 1)The plan _________________simplicity.这项计划的优点是简单。 2)She got the job_____________(凭借)her greater experience. 3)Nowadays, AI has an unlimited number of applications. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces. However, these undoubted virtues also bring concerns and fears. Could machines really develop human-like intelligence? And what would happen if they did?...... Q:What does the underlined word “virtue” probably mean? A. Characteristics B. Aspects C.Advantages D.Priorities has the virtue of  by virtue of 【拓展】 by /in virtue of 依靠(by means of );由于 (= due to / owing to / on account of / because of...) have the virtue of 具有…的优点 make a virtue of 利用某事物（常指无法改变的不利条件） She made a virtue of her acting limitations by joking about them. This way, you practise the virtue of integrity. (lines 25-26) integrity n. 完整,完善,健全; 诚实,诚恳,正直,廉正 1). We must respect each other's territorial integrity. 2). We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. 3). He is a man of the highest integrity. 我们应当尊重彼此的领土完整。 维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。 他是个极其正直的人。 discouraged adj. 灰心的,泄气的(近:disheartened/frustrated/depressed) 【即学即练】 1)He met with many failures, but he was not ____________(discourage), still having a burning desire to achieve his goal.2)It is really ____________ (discourage) for us to stand in line for more than one hour and then be told that we can't see the manager until tomorrow.3)He persevered despite ______________ (discourage) from those around him.4)The government should take measures to ____________________________(劝阻人们吸烟)． 5)They claim that some computer games encourage violent behavior in young children. ________ discouraged discouraging discouragement discourage people from smoking 【拓展】 discourage sb from doing sth. 劝阻/阻止某人做某事(stop/keep/prevent...from doing sth ) prohibit/forbid /ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 encourage vt. 鼓励;激励;鼓动;促进;助长;刺激 encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓励;激励;起激励作用的事物 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事;刺激某人做某事 词性：discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的;令人气馁的 discourage v. 使泄气,使灰心;使打消念头,劝阻;阻碍 discouragement n. 气馁;挫折;劝阻 助长 【即学即练】 1)The responsibilities of her new job weigh heavily_______her . 2)You'd better weigh _______ the pros and cons before settling on your choice. 3)I must ______________(字斟句酌)to avoid any misunderstanding. 4)He is____________ with guilt.他由于内疚而心神不定。 5)A healthy baby usually _________(weigh) 6 pounds or more. 6)___________(weigh) 200 kilograms, the stone is difficult for him to lift. on up weighed down weigh my words 【拓展】 weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句 weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡(burden) weigh sth. up / weigh up sth. against sth. 认真考虑;权衡;斟酌 weigh vt&vi.(用作系动词)重量为;称重量;认真考虑;权衡;斟酌;(对看法或结果)有影响;有分量 weighs  表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read, write, sell, wear, wash, clean, measure, weigh等可用主动形式表示被动意义. Weighing She weighs 60 kilos. quote n. 引语 vt. & vi. 引用，引述；举例说明 This quote tells us that a person should act for the benefit of society at large. (P13) quotation n. 引语, 引文, 语录；引用, 引述, 引证 a dictionary of quotations 引语词典 quote me an instance 给我举个例子 quote Shakespeare 引用莎士比亚的话 【语境应用】翻译句子。 1) 我仍然喜欢记录书本当中打动我的那些观点和语录。 2) 作者旁征博引以阐明自己的观点。 I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books. The writer illustrates his point by quotation from a number of sources. $