25 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、语法、短语、句式及读写核心考点，按“单词-短语-句式-语篇”逻辑架构展开，通过考点梳理（如核心单词用法归纳）、方法指导（如worthwhile与worth辨析）、真题训练（高考原句分析及真题再做）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义采用分层练习与真题融合策略，如“话题微写作”结合单元词汇培养语言能力，“读后续写微技能”通过动作描写提升思维品质，设置基础巩固到综合应用的分层训练，确保学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1．(2023·全国甲卷)He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor． 本句是一个复合句。and 连接前后两个分句； that improves the quality of our experiences是that 引导的定语从句，修饰an appealing exercise。 他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经历的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。 2．(2023·全国甲卷) Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear． 本句是一个复合句。and连接前后两个句子；在第一个分句中 from around the world和that flood into Yellowstone National Park都充当定语； what they most hope to see是宾语从句。 问询来自世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往都是一样的：灰熊。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写作单词|悉其识 1．　barely　 adv．　　　　　刚好；仅仅，几乎不 2．　diamond　 n． 钻石 3．　worthwhile　 adj． 值得花时间 4．　bless　 vt． 祝福 5．　arrest　 n．& vt． 逮捕，拘捕 6．　anyhow　 adv． 不过，总之；而且 7．　principle　 n． 道德原则；法则 8．　resign　 vt．& vi． 辞职，辞去 9．　substantial　 adj． 大量的，价值巨大的 10．　mineral　 n． 矿物，矿物质 11．　superb　 adj． 极佳的，卓越的 12．　guilty　 adj． 感到内疚的，惭愧的 13．　cheat　 vt．& vi． 欺骗，作弊 14．　wrap　 vt． 包，用……缠绕 n． 围巾 15．　parcel　 n． 包裹，小包 vt． 打包 16．　bow　 n． 蝴蝶结 vi． 鞠躬 17．　nephew　 n．　　　　　侄子，外甥 18．　wrinkle　 n． 皱纹，皱痕 vt． 起皱纹 19．　sew　 vi．&vt． 缝，做针线活 20．　pretend　 vi．&vt． 假装；装扮 21．　phase　 n． 阶段，时期 22．　mercy　 n． 仁慈，宽恕 23．　likewise　 adv． 同样地，也，而且 24．　deadline　 n． 最后期限 25．　guidance　 n． 指导；导航 26．　fault　 n． 过错，责任 27．　virtue　 n． 美德；优点 28．　integrity　 n． 诚实；正直；完好 29．　organic　 adj． 有机的，统一的 30．　discouraged　 adj． 灰心的 31．　garbage　 n． 垃圾；废话 32．　bonus　 n． 意外收获；奖金 33．　harvest　 n． 收成；收获量 v． 收割；捕猎 34．　quote　 n． 引语，原语 vt． 引用 拓展单词|通其用 1．　appoint　 vt．任命；委派→　appointment　n．约会；任命 2．　reliable　 adj．可信赖的；可靠的→　rely　 vi．依靠；依赖 3．　suspect　 n．& vt．嫌疑人；怀疑→　suspicious　 adj．有疑心的 4．　crime　 n．罪行；犯罪行为→　criminal　 n．罪犯 5．　innocence　 n．天真；单纯；无罪→　innocent　 adj．天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的 6．　illegal　 adj．不合法的；非法的→　illegally　 adv．不合法地；非法地→　legal　 adj．合法的 7．　socialist　 adj．社会主义的→　social　 adj．社会的→　society　 n．社会 8．　photographer　 n．摄影师；拍照者→　photograph　 n．照片；相片 vt．给……拍照 9．　forgive　 vt．&vi．原谅；宽恕；对不起→　forgave　 (过去式)→　forgiven　(过去分词)→　forgiving　(现在分词) 10．　disappointed　 adj．失望的；沮丧的→　disappoint　 vt．使失望；使沮丧→　disappointing　 adj．令人失望的；令人沮丧的→　disappointment　 n．失望；沮丧 阅读单词|明其义 1．jaw n． 　　　颌，下巴　 2．collar n． 　衣领；颈圈　 3．outline vt． 　概述，概括　 n． 　概述　 4．wire vt． 　给(某人)发电报　 n． 　金属丝；电线　 5．decent adj．　　　正派的；得体的　 6．ward n． 　病房　 7．geophysicist n． 　地球物理学家　 8．starfish n． 　海星　 1．个人品质 2．“情绪”不稳定 ①virtue n． 美德；品行　　　　　　　②dignity n．尊贵；高尚 ③mean adj．小气的 ④generous adj．慷慨大方的 ⑤reliable adj．可依赖的；可依靠的 ⑥determined adj．坚定的；有决心的 ⑦shallow adj．肤浅的；浅的 ⑧considerate adj．考虑周到的 ①depressed 沮丧的 ②delighted 欣喜的 ③bored 厌烦的 ④disappointed 失望的 ⑤blue 忧郁的 ⑥sad 悲伤的 [Part 2　妙记·核心短语] 1．　make one's fortune　 成功立业，发财 2．　lose contact　 失去联系 3．　arm in arm　 臂挽着臂 4．　under arrest　 被逮捕 5．　at the mercy of　 任……处置，对……无能为力 6．weigh on sb．/sth． 　使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担　 7．tear down 　拆毁，拆除　 8．apart from 　除……之外　 9．turn up 　出现，调大　 10．take charge of 　控制　 1．under短语大荟萃 2．“at the ＋其它”短语汇总 ①under arrest 被逮捕 ②under the command of 在……的指挥下 ③under debate 在讨论中 ④under construction 在建设中 ⑤under the conduct of．．． 在……管理(指导)下 ①at the approach of 在快到……的时候 ②at the same time同时 ③at the sight of 看到…… ④at the risk of 冒……风险 ⑤at the thought of 一想到 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1．There be 句型变式 　There used to be　 (过去常有) a restaurant where this store stands．．． 2．with 复合结构 In the doorway of a store stood a man, 　with an unlit cigar in his mouth　 (嘴里叼着一支没有点燃的雪茄)． 3．so．．．that 引导结果状语从句 In fact, he 　worked so hard　 (工作如此努力) that he did not pay enough attention to his own health． 4．be doing．．． when 句式 　I was passing Ann's bedroom　 (我正经过安妮的卧室)when I heard her talking on the phone． 5．where 引导的定语从句 As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations 　where things will go wrong　 (事情会出错)． [核心单词] 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命；职务 ►[教材对接] It's an appointment made two decades ago． 这是20年前定下的一个约定。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian 　as　 the defence minister． ②(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an 　appointment　(appoint) early in the morning． ③(2023·北京卷)Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the 　appointed　(appoint) hour for a dinner，．．． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)fix/make/have an appointment with sb． 与某人约会 (2)appoint vt．任命；委派 appoint sb．as/to be 任命、委派某人某工作/某职位 appoint sb．to do sth． 委派某人做某事 appoint sth．for sth． 为某事安排/确定(时间/地点等) (3)appointed adj．指定的；约定的 [链接写作]——句式升级 ④He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games．(用过去分词短语作状语改写) →　Appointed as captain of the basketball team　，he led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games． 2．worthwhile adj．值得做的；值得花时间的 ►[教材对接] ．．．and it's worthwhile if my old partner turns up． ……如果我的老朋友出现了，那就很值得。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and 　worthwhile　 (worth)． ②Amy thought it was worthwhile 　to read/reading　 (read)English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century． [考点归纳]——知识生成 词条 搭配 worth be worth＋n． be worth doing it's worth it worthy be worthy of＋n． be worthy of being done be worthy to be done worthwhile It's worthwhile doing/to do．．． ►[学以致用]　单句语法填空 ③This reference book is worth 　reading　 (read) again． ④Try to spend your time just on the things you find worthy of 　being done　 (do)． ⑤It didn't seem worthwhile 　writing/to write　 (write) it all out again． [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑥Mistakes don't just happen; they occur for a reason． Find out the reason, and then 　making the mistake becomes worthwhile　． 错误的发生往往是有原因的，我们应该做的是找出错的原因然后让错误变得有价值。 3．suspect vt．&vi．怀疑； 疑有；不信任n．[C]犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ►[教材对接] As I suspected, you're not Jimmy Wells． 我猜，你不是吉米·威尔斯。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①I suspect the truth 　of　 her statements． ②What made you suspect her of 　having taken　 (take)the money? ③What she said sounded convincing, but I suspected it 　to be　(be) a lie． ④It seems that the man dressed in blue is 　the　 suspect． [考点归纳]——知识生成 suspect sth． 怀疑某事 suspect＋(that)从句 觉得……；怀疑…… suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事 suspect．．．to be．．． 猜想/怀疑……是…… [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤In Samarkand, Mr． Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when 　suspected of drug dealing　． 在撒马尔罕，比斯尔先生欣赏着这里的建筑奇迹，而在去布哈拉的路上，他领略到了警察在涉嫌毒品交易时的手段。 4．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止vt． 逮捕；拘留；阻止 ►[教材对接] You've been under arrest for ten minutes． 十分钟前你就已经被拘捕了。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The minister was still 　under　 arrest，which drew the attention of the public． ②He was arrested 　for　 causing a serious car accident． ③This newly developed drug 　has arrested　 (arrest) his cancer． [考点归纳]——知识生成 arrest sb．for doing sth． 因……逮捕/拘留某人 arrest/catch/hold/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意 be under arrest 在关押中 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④An article in the newspaper 　arrested my attention　． 报纸上一篇文章吸引了我的注意。 5．resign vi．& vt．辞职；辞去 ►[教材对接] Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and came to work at Jilin University in Changchun． 最后他辞去了英国的工作，并且来到位于长春的吉林大学工作。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Mr．Wang is still on the board，but he resigned his position 　as　 chairman some months ago． ②He was asked to resign 　from　 the club when he was discovered cheating at cards． ③The girl decided that she would resign herself 　to　 his father's guidance． [考点归纳]——知识生成 resign one's post/position 辞去职务 resign from 从……辞职 resign as．．． 辞去作为……的职务 resign oneself to(doing)sth． 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resign sb．to．．． 把某人委托给…… [链接写作]——完成句子 ④To make more money，he decided 　to resign to set up his own business　． 为了赚取更多的钱，他决定辞职自己创业。 6．ashamed adj．惭愧；羞愧 ►[教材对接] I am so ashamed of myself． 我很为自己感到惭愧。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①She was deeply ashamed 　of　 her behaviour at the party． ②I am ashamed 　to say　 (say) that I lied to my mother． ③She was ashamed 　that　 she looked so shabby． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)be ashamed of (doing) sth． 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth． 耻于做某事；因难为情而不愿做某事 be ashamed that．．． 对……感到内疚/羞愧 (2)It's a shame that．．． ……是令人遗憾的事 [易混辨析] ashamed 通常只作表语，表示“(人)感到羞耻、惭愧”。 shameful 指“事情或行为本身可耻、不道德”，可作定语或表语。 [学以致用]　用ashamed, shameful填空 ④We thought his behavior was 　shameful　． ⑤I'm 　ashamed　 to leave you this way． [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑥(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)We 　are often ashamed of our shortcomings　， our mistakes and our failures． 我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞愧。 [间考单词] 1．reliable adj．可信赖的，可靠的 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a 　reliable　(rely) weekly supply of fresh greens． ②The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments and they can learn to rely 　on　 themselves quickly． ③Don't always rely on 　it　 that others will lend you a hand when you're in trouble． Do depend on yourself． 2．forgive vt．& vi．原谅；宽恕；对不起 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①He won't forgive me 　for　 what I said to him． ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It's just as important to show yourself some 　forgiveness　(forgive)． ③(全国Ⅱ卷)Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions 　may be forgiven for　 thinking they are in a city gallery． 那些观看阿伯特庄园临时展览质量的人可能会被原谅认为他们是在一个城市画廊里。 3．pretend vi．& vt．假装；装扮 [语境练悟]——补全句子 ①Sarah 　pretended to be　 cheerful and said nothing about the argument． 萨拉假装很开心，没有说起吵架的事。 ②She 　pretended to have known　 the answer to the question． 她假装早就知道这个问题的答案。 ③He 　pretended to be reading　 an important paper when the boss entered． 老板进来时，他假装正在看一份重要的文件。 1．make one's fortune成功立业，发财 ►[教材对接] The next morning I left New York and traveled to the west to make my fortune． 第二天早上我便离开纽约，动身到西部去赚钱。 [语境练悟]——根据提示填词补全句子 ①When Hans was 14 years old, he left home to 　seek his fortune　 (寻找出路)． ②His grandparents emigrated to Canada to 　try their fortune　 (碰碰运气)． ③You can 　make fortune　 (发财) by ways that you don't like． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)seek one's fortune 寻找出路，追求发财的机会 (2)try one's fortune 碰碰运气 (3)make fortune 发财 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④Nowadays many peasants 　go to the city to make their fortune　． 现在很多的农民去城市发财。 2．at the mercy of 任……处置，对……无能为力 ►[教材对接] A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and the wind． 没有锚的船，会任凭风浪摆布。 [语境练悟]——用mercy的相关短语填空 ①She is a kind­hearted woman and often 　has mercy on/shows mercy to　 (怜悯) people who are in trouble． ②Grassland is destroyed 　without mercy　 (无情地) so that dust storms come into being, which affect distant cities． ③Esmeralda hears his call for water, and steps forwards 　out of mercy　 (出于怜悯)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 宽恕/怜悯…… ask/beg for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕 without mercy 无情地，毫不留情地 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④Having lost the engine's power, 　the boat was now at the mercy of the wind　． 船失去了发动机的动力，任凭风的摆布。 1．There be句型变式 ►[教材对接] There used to be a restaurant where this store stands— “Big Joe” Brady's restaurant． 这家商店所在的位置以前有一家餐馆——“大乔”布雷迪的餐馆。 [语境练悟]——根据提示用There be句型变式填空 ①　There stands　 (矗立有) a temple on the hill． ②There 　is likely to be　 (可能有) a serious mistake in the decision． ③The moment our class meeting was over, 　there followed　 (接着有) a heated discussion． ④　There being　 (没有)no one helping me，I had to do it all alone． [考点归纳]——知识生成 There be 结构的变式主要有： (1)there 和 live，lie，come，stand，remain，happen，enter，flow 等表示存在、状态的不及物动词连用。 (2)there 和 seem to be，be likely to be，appear to be，happen to be 等连用，表示“碰巧有，可能有”。 (3)there be 的独立主格和动名词结构是：there＋being。[链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤　There used to be plenty of wild animals on our planet　，but in the recent decades we have witnessed the decrease in their numbers． 在我们的星球上过去有着足够多的野生动物，但近几十年我们看到了野生动物的数量减少了。 2．先行词为抽象名词，由where或in which引导的定语从句 ►[教材对接] As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things will go wrong． 在日常生活中，你们会遇到很多困难，事情会出错。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2023·北京卷)They should give strong consideration to universities 　where　 high­quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower． ②All the neighbours admire this family, 　where　 the parents are treating their child like a friend． ③This restaurant has an inviting，home­like atmosphere 　that/which　 many others are short of． ④I've reached the stage 　where　 I just don't care about anything any more． ⑤He got into a situation 　where　 it is hard to decide what is right and wrong． [考点归纳]——知识生成 当先行词为抽象地点名词situation，position，atmosphere，stage，activity，family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。 [误区释疑]　(1)抽象地点后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需用关系代词that或which。 (2)occasion在定语从句中作先行词时，如表示“时机，机会”的话，用when引导定语从句；如表示“场合”的话，用where引导定语从句。 [链接写作]——句式升级 ⑥You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished． →You reach a point in any project 　in which you just want to get the thing finished　． (用“介词＋关系代词”改写) [全练透] Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．He phoned me and called the 　appointment 　 (约定)off． 2．I think it was 　worthwhile　 (值得的) to clarify the matter． 3．Police have arrested a 　suspect　 (嫌疑犯) for a series of thefts in the city． 4．I wasn't qualified to apply for the job but I got it 　anyhow　 (不过)． 5．He is a man of 　principle　 (原则) and will never let you down． 6．I hope you wouldn't lower yourself to 　cheat　 (作弊) in the exam． 7．I was too 　ashamed　 (羞愧) to tell her that I had failed． 8．She 　pretended　 (假装) she was not at home when we rang the doorbell． 9．In the game, a lot of players get 　discouraged　 (泄气的) and quit． 10．The courts are expected to have 　mercy　 (仁慈) on them in these situations． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．The Emperor was so pleased with his music that he 　appointed　 (appoint) him the conductor at the court balls of Vienna． 2．　It　 is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett． 3．Realizing that she might leave me one day made me very 　guilty　 (guilt) of having argued with her． 4．She would open a book, 　pretending　 (pretend) to read, with tears dropping on the open page． 5．I got the chance to distinguish myself by inventing something 　merciful　 (mercy) to catch the snakes． 6．The bad weather discouraged people 　from　 attending the parade． 7．He pretended 　to have forgotten　 (forget) the conversation after that night． 8．All night long he lay awake on the bed 　thinking　 (think) of the problem． 9．He asked for 　forgiveness　 (forgive) for what he had done wrong． 10．They walked along the beach arm 　in　 arm． Ⅲ．选词填空 make one's fortune, lost contact with, under arrest, at the mercy of, weigh on sb．, tear down, apart from, turn up 1．I'd hate to 　lose contact with　 my old school friends． 2．With a severe shortage of water, the farmers here have to live 　at the mercy of　 the weather． 3．The city will 　tear down　 the building and create a park． 4．Some problems are 　weighing on me　， so I can't sleep well． 5．Something unexpected has 　turned up　 in the meeting． 6．He has other source of income 　apart from　 his salary． 7．He abandoned the land and went to big cities to 　make his fortune　． 8．This would hardly be necessary as the men were already 　under arrest　． Ⅳ．完成句子 1．我真不想催你，但我稍后和我的医生还有一个预约。 I hate to rush you but 　I have another appointment with my doctor　 later on． 2．这本书值得读。 　It is worthwhile　 to read the book． 3．他们臂挽着臂在沿街行走。 They walked along the street 　arm in arm　． 4．老师进来的时候，她假装正在做作业。 　She pretended to be doing her homework　 when the teacher came in． 5．让孩子们处于一个他们能以不同的方式看待自己的环境中，这是有帮助的。 It's helpful to put children in a situation 　where they can see themselves　 differently． [重落实] Ⅰ．单元巩固练 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always 1．　did　 (do)． He noticed that in the doorway of a store stood a man, 2．　with　 an unlit cigar in his mouth． The man was Bob, 3．　who　 was waiting for his friend Jimmy Wells． Twenty years ago, they 4．　dined　 (dine) here, and agreed that night they would meet here again 5．　exactly 　 (exact) twenty years 6．　later　 (late), and figured that in twenty 7．　years　 (year) each of them would have built a life and made 8．　their　 (they) fortunes． Bob believed Jimmy would met him here if Jimmy was alive, for he always was 9．　the truest　 (true) and most reliable fellow in the world． They lost contact but Bob came a thousand miles 10．　to stand　 (stand) in the doorway tonight, and it was worthwhile if his old parter turned up． Ⅱ．话题微写作(投稿) 你校英文报“Morals and Virtues”栏目正在举办征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，跟同学们分享一则暖心故事，内容包括： 1．简述这个故事； 2．你的收获与启发。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．尽量用本单元知识点； 3．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 A Heartwarming Story ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] A Heartwarming Story Recently，I came across a beautiful display of sympathy that I felt it worthwhile to share．While waiting at a crowded bus stop，I noticed an elderly woman struggling to carry her groceries．Despite the rush hour，a young man stepped forward，offering his assistance without hesitation． Witnessing his selfless act reminded me of the marked impact of kindness in our daily lives．It taught me that sympathy knows no boundaries of age or circumstance．In our fast­paced world，such gestures serve as gentle reminders of our shared humanity，inspiring us to extend a helping hand whenever possible． Ⅲ．读后续写微技能(25)——动作描写“手指(finger)” ●[多样表达] 1．raise a warning finger举起一个手指以示警告 2．raise/hold up a finger to one's lip 把一根手指举到唇边 3．wag/wave one's finger摇着手指[wag v．(动物尾巴)来回摇摆；来回摇动(竖立的手指)] 4．point an accusing finger at sb． 指责某人，怪罪某人 5．drum one's fingers on sp．用手指不停地敲某处 ●[佳句观摩] 1．我们正在大声讨论，这时老师走进教室。他举起一个手指以示警告，我们停止了交谈。 We were talking loudly when the teacher came in．He raised a warning finger, and we stopped talking． 2．老师把一根手指举到唇边，要求肃静。 The teacher raised/held up a finger to his lip to ask for silence． 3．仅仅过了几秒，有人又说起来了。他不耐烦地用手指嗒嗒地敲击黑板。 Only after a few seconds，some began to talk again．Impatiently，he drummed his fingers on the blackboard． ●[好句仿写] 1．“你们真是太淘气了！”老师摇动着手指喊道。 “How naughty you are！” cried the teacher，　waving his finger　．(分词短语作状语) 2．他怪罪我说“你应该负责。” He 　pointed an accusing finger at me　，saying “You are to blame．” [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．We eagerly anticipated the day we would leave school．　v．期盼　 2．For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world．　v．表彰 　 3．A look of pure disbelief crossed Tom's rugged face．　adj．完全的　 二、一词多义——根据语境选出lean的含义 A．倾斜　　B．倚靠　　C．瘦的　　D．倾向于 1．She watched the tall, lean figure step into the car． 　 C 　 2．The tower is leaning dangerously．　 A 　 3．She walked slowly, leaning on her son's arm． 　 B 　 4．I lean to the opinion that things are getting worse．　 D 　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：食物浪费现象 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2022·新高考卷) Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste．The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner．But I ended up working late．Then friends called with a dinner invitation．I stuck the chicken in the freezer．But as days passed, the arugula went bad．Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out． In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story．It's jaw­dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans． Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．” If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator．Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days．Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road． Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think．“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants not to include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says． 1．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A．We pay little attention to food waste． B．We waste food unintentionally at times． C．We waste more vegetables than meat． D．We have good reasons for wasting food． 2．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A．Moral decline． B．Environmental harm． C．Energy shortage． D．Worldwide starvation． 3．What does Curtin's company do? A．It produces kitchen equipment． B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel． C．It helps local farmers grow fruits． D．It makes meals out of unwanted food． 4．What does Curtin suggest people do? A．Buy only what is needed． B．Reduce food consumption． C．Go shopping once a week． D．Eat in restaurants less often． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的方法。 1．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste．”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad．Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out．”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it．That makes food waste an environmental problem．In fact, Royte writes, ‘if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world．’”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。] 3．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington．D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields．And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road．”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。] 4．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants not to include the side dish you won't eat，’Curtin says．”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．go to waste　浪费　 2．end up　结束　 3．throw out　掷出　 4．all the time　一直；向来　 5．play a part in　贡献力量；起……作用　 6．the side dish　配菜　 7．grow fruits　种植水果　 8．reduce food consumption　减少食物消耗　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．mindful adj．　留心的，注意的 　 2．unthinkingly adv．　不假思索地；轻率地　 3．moral n．　道德　 4．refrigerator n．　冰箱；冷藏库　 5．donation n．　捐赠物，捐赠　 6．unintentionally adv．　非故意地，非存心地　 7．shortage n．　不足，缺少，短缺　 8．unwanted adj．　不需要的，无用的　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．stick A．枯枝；棍，棒(状物)　　　 B．批评，指责 C．刺，戳置 D．坚持 ①He gave the donkey a heavy hit across the back with his stick．　 A 　 ②The nurse stuck the needle into my arm．　 C 　 ③If you're in a job that keeps you busy, stick with it．　 D 　 2．simple A．简单的　B．单纯的　C．简朴的 ①Some puzzles look difficult，but once the solution is known，are actually quite simple．　 A 　 ②He ate a simple dinner of rice and beans because of lack of money．　 C 　 ◆长句缩写 In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story． [句子剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 [(In a world) (nearly 800 million people a year go hungry)，] “food waste goes against the moral grain，” (as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story)． [句子缩写]　　Food waste goes against the moral grain．　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $