Unit 5 Music Discovering Useful Structures过去分词作表语和状语讲义-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

B2U5 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures 学习目标 1. 在语境中观察感知过去分词作表语和状语的功能与意义。 2. 通过自主探究，总结过去分词作表语的用法、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别、过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别；过去分词作状语的用法、过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时的区别。 3. 通过多种形式和多层次的练习，能够灵活运用过去分词作表语和状语表达情感和描述情境。 什么是表语？ 表语由什么充当？ 什么是状语？ 状语由什么充当？ 知展探索 过去分词作表语和状语 一、过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词作表语的意义 【观察思考】 You seem frightened. 你看起来好像受了惊吓。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 【探究总结】 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词，放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后，说明主语所处的一种状态。 【应用实践】 单句语法填空 ①I had nothing to do. I was ______(bore) and lonely. ②Jack looked even more ______(amaze) than he felt. ①bored ②amazed 2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 【观察思考】 The glass was broken. 玻璃碎了。 The glass was broken by Tom. 玻璃是汤姆打碎的。 【探究总结】 (1)"be+过去分词"表示______时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已经形容词化。 (2)"be+过去分词"表示______时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词______引出。 (3)过去分词作表语，常位于系动词be, get, become, remain, turn等后面，表示主语所处的状态或特征。 (1)状态 (2)动作；by 【应用实践】 翻译句子 ①The library is closed. ______ ②The library is often closed at 6:30 in the afternoon. ______ ①图书馆关门了。 ②图书馆通常在下午6:30关门。 3. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别 【观察思考】 exciting令人激动的 →excited激动的 moving令人感动的 →moved感动的 astonishing 令人吃惊的 →astonished吃惊的 disappointing 令人失望的 →disappointed 失望的 interesting令人感兴趣的 →interested感兴趣的 【探究总结】 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即"令人有某种感觉的"，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即"人被引起某种感觉的"，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 【应用实践】 (1)单句语法填空 ①They were ______(frighten) to hear the sound. ②The results were very ______(disappoint). ③The audience were ______(move) by the player's excellent performance. ①frightened ②disappointing ③moved (2)单句改错 ①They were all amusing at what he said. ②He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won. ③The situation was a bit discouraged. ①将amusing 改为amused ②将exciting 改为excited ③将discouraged改为discouraging 二、过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语的意义 【观察思考】 When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。 Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他能够干得更出色。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。 【探究总结】 (1)过去分词作状语多放在句首，也可放在句中或句末。 (2)过去分词作状语时，可表示______、______、______、______、方式或伴随等。 (3)过去分词作状语，前面可以加上when, while, if, unless, once, as if, though等连接词/短语，构成"连接词/短语+过去分词"形式，分别表示时间、条件、方式或让步等意义。 (2)时间；原因；条件；让步 【应用实践】 句型转换 ①When they are seen from the sky, the cars look like ants. →____ ____ ____ ____ the cars look like ants. Seen from the sky ②As he was caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin. → ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, he was wet to the skin. Caught in a heavy rain ③Once it is poured, water cannot be taken back. →____ ____, water cannot be taken back. Once poured ④Though he was asked to stop, the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting. →____ ____ ____, the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting. Asked to stop ⑤The film star appeared, surrounded by a group of followers. The film star appeared ____ ____ ____ surrounded by a group of followers. and he/she was ①Seen from the sky ②Caught in a heavy rain ③Once poured ④Asked to stop ⑤and he/she was 2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别 【观察思考】 ①Visiting London at night, we're a bit like in a dream. 晚上参观伦敦，我们就像在梦中一样。 ②Visited at night, London looks more beautiful. 在晚上参观，伦敦看起来更漂亮。 ①Following his teacher, Jim went into the classroom. 跟着他的老师，吉姆走进了教室。 ②Followed by his teacher, Jim went into the classroom. 被老师跟着，吉姆走进了教室。 【探究总结】 (1)上面两组句子中，第一句都是动词-ing形式作状语，而第二句则都是过去分词作状语。 (2)过去分词作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的____关系，而动词-ing形式作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的____关系。 (2)动宾；主谓 【应用实践】 单句语法填空 ①____ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. ② ____ (give) time, he'll make a first-class tennis player. ③When ____ (offer) help, one often says "Thank you. " or "It's kind of you. " ④____ (see) from space, the earth, with water ____ (cover) seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue globe. ⑤____ (see)the cat, the mouse ran off. ①Dressed ②Given ③offered ④Seen; covering ⑤Seeing 3. 注意事项 【观察思考】 ①If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. 如果被抓，小偷会受到警方的处罚。 ②If caught, the police will punish the thief. ③Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 眼镜坏了，她看不清黑板上的字。 ④Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word. 因对考试结果很失望，女孩站在那儿一句话也不说。 【探究总结】 (1)过去分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致，所以句____正确、而句____不正确。 (2)当过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，过去分词可以有自己独立的主语，二者构成独立主格结构，如句____ 结构：名词或代词的主格+过去分词 功能：在句中作状语 位置：句前、句中或句后 (3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。 常见的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed等，如句____ (1)①；② (2)③ (3)④ 助记 分词作状语记忆口诀: 分词作状语，主语是问题。 谓语与分词，共有一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 having done表先后，独立主格为特例。 【应用实践】 单句语法填空 ①______ (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ②Our homework ______(do), we went home. ①Used ②done 课评价反馈 基础巩固 I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. It was such a ____ job that I really felt ____. (tire) 2. Having never met with such a ____ problem, he felt ____ and didn't know how to solve it. (puzzle) 3. At the sight of the ____ scene, all the people present were ____ to tears. (move) 4. We get ____ when we see this ____ picture. (excite) 5. Hearing the ____ news, we all felt ____. (encourage) 6. The music of the film ____ (play) by the famous musician sounds so ____ (excite). 7. There was a ____ (surprise) look on his face. 8. In our daily life, there are a lot of health problems, which when not ____ (treat) in time can become bigger ones later on. 9. The thief ____ (question) by the police a moment ago still couldn't tell the truth. 10. ____ (absorb) in her work, she didn't realise I was behind her. 1. tiring; tired 2. puzzling; puzzled 3. moving; moved 4. excited; exciting 5. encouraging; encouraged 6. played; exciting 7. surprised 8. treated 9. questioned 10. Absorbed 1. 这是一份如此令人疲惫的工作，我真的感到很疲惫。 2. 从未遇到过如此令人困惑的问题，他感到很困惑，不知道该如何解决。 3. 看到这一幕，在场的所有人都被感动得流下了眼泪。 4. 当我们看到这幅令人兴奋的图片时，我们都会感到很兴奋。 5. 听到这个鼓舞人心的消息，我们所有人都感到备受鼓舞。 6. 这位著名音乐家演奏的电影配乐听起来如此令人兴奋。 7. 他脸上露出了惊讶的表情。 8. 在我们的日常生活中，有很多健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后可能会变得更严重。 9. 刚才被警察询问过的那个小偷仍然说不出真相。 10. 她沉浸在工作中，没有意识到我在她身后。 II. 完成句子 1. 在他的鼓励下我决定努力学习。 ____ ____ ____, I've decided to study hard. 2. 如果给予更多的关注，这些小树会长得更好。 ____ ____ ____, the little trees will grow better. 3. 当我们听到这个故事的时候，被深深地感动了。 When we heard this story, we ____ ____ ____. 4. 由于出生在贫寒家庭，纳迪娅只上过两年学。 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, Nadia has only two years of schooling. 5. 她走出房子，后面跟着她的小女儿。 She walked out of the house, ____ ____ her little daughter. 1. Encouraged by him 2. Given more attention 3. were deeply moved 4. Born into a poor family 5. followed by 综合提能 III. 语法填空 A young man and an old man were waiting for a bus. They sat next to each other. "What's that in your bag?" asked the young man. "Gold," answered the old man. The young man could not believe his own ears. Then he began to think about how 1. ______ (get) the money. The old man was very tired and 2. ______ seemed that he could hardly keep his eyes open. After a while the old man 3. ______ (lie) down on the chair and fell asleep. The young man took 4. ______ big bag quietly. But when he was just about to run away, he found a corner of his fur coat was under the old man's body. Several times he tried to pull it out, 5. ______ he couldn't make it. At last he took off his coat, 6. ______ (think) that the gold in the bag must cost far more than his fur coat. Worried and 7. ______ (frighten), the young man ran out of the station quickly, until he reached a place 8. ______ he thought the old man could not find him. He 9. ______ (quick) opened the bag but he just found many small stones in it. Then he ran back to the station hurriedly only to find that the old man was 10. ______ (go). 1. to get 2. it 3. lay 4. the 5. but 6. thinking 7. frightened 8. where 9. quickly 10. gone 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $