Units 5-8单元语法知识梳理与练习-2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语下册

人教版七年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 A Day to Remember) 一、一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 的用法与意义 【规则变化】 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 【注意】 一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。常见的时间标志词有：yesterday (昨天), last night/week/month/year (昨晚/上周/上个月/去年), a few minutes ago (几分钟前), two days ago (两天前), in 1990 (在1990年), the day before yesterday (前天) 等。 【例句】 Peter got up at 5 a.m. yesterday. 彼得昨天早上5点起床。 We went to the theatre to watch a show last week. 上周我们去剧院看了一场演出。 二、一般过去时的句型结构 【规则变化】 1. 含有 be 动词的一般过去时： 肯定句：主语 + was / were + 其他. 否定句：主语 + was / were + not (wasn't / weren't) + 其他. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 其他? 2. 含有实义动词的一般过去时： 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 【易错点】 在使用实义动词的否定句和一般疑问句时，一旦借助于助动词 did 或 didn't，其后的谓语动词必须还原为动词原形。千万不能写成 "Did you went...?" 或 "I didn't saw..."。 【例句】 —Did you go on a school trip a week ago? 一周前你们去学校旅行了吗？ —Yes, we did. We went to a wastewater plant. 是的。我们去了一家废水处理厂。 Teng Fei didn't give the tourists the right directions. 腾飞没有给游客指正确的方向。 三、动词过去式的变化规则 【规则变化】 规则动词： 1. 一般情况，在动词词尾直接加 -ed。如：look—looked, play—played。 2. 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d。如：live—lived, use—used。 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加 -ed。如：stop—stopped, plan—planned。 4. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 -ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried。 不规则动词： 没有统一的规则，需要单独记忆。如：is/am—was, are—were, do/does—did, have/has—had, go—went, see—saw, eat—ate, take—took, teach—taught 等。 【拓展】 动词过去式加 -ed 后的发音规则： 1. 在清辅音（如 /k/, /p/, /s/ 等）后读作 /t/。如：talked /tɔːkt/, stopped /stɒpt/。 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作 /d/。如：moved /muːvd/, played /pleɪd/。 3. 在 /t/ 和 /d/ 音后读作 /ɪd/。如：wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/, needed /ˈniːdɪd/。 【例句】 In the morning, we explored the farm. 早上，我们在农场里探索。 The farmer told us about how these fruits go from the fields to our tables. 农场主告诉我们这些水果是如何从田间走向我们的餐桌的。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. —Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn't. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A. water B. watered C. are watering D. will water 2. —________ you go to the science museum last weekend? —Yes, I did. I ________ many interesting things there. A. Do; see B. Did; saw C. Did; see D. Do; saw 3. Mary didn't ________ the wrong bus the day before yesterday. She took a taxi to the park. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 4. —How ________ your school trip to the farm last Friday? —It ________ great! A. is; is B. was; is C. was; was D. is; was 5. They ________ some special rooms in the museum, and they looked really amazing. A. visit B. visited C. are visiting D. will visit 6. There ________ a large space exhibition in the hall yesterday afternoon. A. has B. had C. was D. were 7. The farmer ________ us about how these fruits and vegetables go from the fields to our tables. A. tell B. telling C. tells D. told 8. —When ________ your brother ________ to learn how to drive? —About two years ago. A. did; begin B. does; begin C. did; began D. does; begins 9. I ________ my math book at home this morning, so I had to share one with my desk-mate. A. leave B. left C. am leaving D. will leave 10. Yesterday afternoon, we ________ slowly along the mountain roads and ________ about the past. A. walked; talked B. walk; talk C. walked; talk D. walk; talked II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Last Friday 11. ________ (be) a special day for us. We 12. ________ (go) on a school trip to a farm in the countryside. In the morning, we 13. ________ (explore) the farm. The farmer 14. ________ (show) us around and we 15. ________ (see) many animals. Some of my classmates 16. ________ (feed) the chickens and sheep. Then the farmer 17. ________ (teach) us how to grow vegetables. It 18. ________ (take) us about an hour to try planting tomatoes. We were tired but very happy. In the afternoon, we 19. ________ (pick) some fresh fruit. Finally, we 20. ________ (take) the bus back to school. What a great day it was! Passage 2 My school trip to the science museum yesterday was really unforgettable. I 21. ________ (get) up at 6:30 in the morning and 22. ________ (have) a quick breakfast. Then I 23. ________ (meet) my friends at the bus station. We 24. ________ (arrive) at the museum at 8:00 a.m. First, we 25. ________ (visit) the space exhibition. There 26. ________ (be) a lot of cool robots. We even 27. ________ (talk) to one of them. It was so smart! After that, we 28. ________ (watch) a short movie about how astronauts live in space. I 29. ________ (learn) a lot about the universe. I 30. ________ (not buy) any gifts because they were too expensive. But I took many beautiful photos. Passage 3 Last week, our class went on a school trip to a wastewater plant. At first, I 31. ________ (think) it would be boring. But I 32. ________ (find) it was actually very interesting! We 33. ________ (see) how the plant turned dirty water into clean water. First, dirty water from our homes 34. ________ (go) into the plant. Then, special screens 35. ________ (remove) large pieces of waste from the water. After that, large machines 36. ________ (clean) the water again. I 37. ________ (not realize) that it was so hard to get clean water before. The trip 38. ________ (make) me understand the importance of saving water. When we 39. ________ (leave) the plant, we all 40. ________ (promise) to protect our environment in our daily lives. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 8单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 8 Once upon a Time) 一、动词过去式的不规则变化 (Irregular Verbs) 【规则变化】 本单元重点讲述故事（Storytelling），涉及大量发生在过去的动作。除了在词尾加 -ed 的规则变化外，还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，必须单独记忆。 常见的有：catch—caught, bite—bit, hide—hid, tell—told, fall—fell, teach—taught, think—thought, hold—held, become—became, run—ran 等。 【注意】 有些不规则动词的过去式和原形拼写与读音完全相同，例如：cost—cost, cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let, put—put。 【易错点】 动词 read 的过去式拼写仍为 read，但发音从 /riːd/ 变成了 /red/，在朗读故事时要特别注意。 【例句】 Once a lion caught a mouse. 从前，一只狮子抓住了一只老鼠。 The mouse bit through the net. 老鼠咬破了网。 二、在故事讲述中时态的运用 (Tenses in Storytelling) 【规则变化】 我们在讲述或复述一个故事时，通常以一般过去时为主，因为故事通常发生在过去。但在某些情况下，如果为了让故事的动作显得更生动、更具有画面感，或者在概括一本书/一部电影的情节时，我们也可以使用一般现在时。 【注意】 在同一个句子中，要注意时间状语与时态的对应。当描述自己小时候的习惯或喜好时，主从句都要用一般过去时。 【易错点】 受中文思维影响，容易在带有明显过去时间（如 when I was a child）的句子里错误地使用一般现在时。 【例句】 When I was a child, my favourite book was Peter Rabbit. 当我是个孩子的时候，我最喜欢的书是《彼得兔》。（不能用 is） The mouse asks the lion not to kill him. 老鼠请求狮子不要杀他。（用一般现在时使情节更生动） 三、故事中常见的时间标志词与副词 【规则变化】 为了使故事情节连贯、跌宕起伏，我们常使用以下表示时间、顺序和转折的词汇： 1. 开篇：Once upon a time (从前), Long ago (很久以前), One day (有一天). 2. 发展：Then (然后), After that (在那之后), Suddenly (突然地). 3. 结局：Finally (最后), In the end (最后). 【拓展】 "To one's surprise" 意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常用于故事中出现意想不到的转折时。例如：To his surprise, the fish spoke! (令他惊讶的是，那条鱼说话了！) 【例句】 Once upon a time, there was a fisherman who lived in a small house by the sea. 从前，有一个渔夫住在海边的一所小房子里。 Suddenly, a huge storm came. 突然，一场巨大的暴风雨来了。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. ________, there lived a wise emperor in China. A. Look out B. Right now C. Once upon a time D. Tomorrow 2. Yesterday, the little girl ________ off her bike and ________ her leg. A. fall; hurt B. fell; hurt C. fell; hurted D. falls; hurts 3. When I ________ a child, my favourite book ________ Peter Rabbit . A. am; is B. was; is C. am; was D. was; was 4. The mouse ran to the net and ________ through the ropes to save the lion. A. bit B. bite C. bited D. bitten 5. The police ________ the thief quickly last night and put him in prison. A. catches B. catch C. caught D. catched 6. He was walking in the forest when ________, a tiger jumped out. A. slowly B. suddenly C. quietly D. luckily 7. My grandmother usually ________ me stories, but yesterday she ________ me a song. A. tells; teaches B. told; taught C. tells; taught D. told; teaches 8. To his ________, the golden fish in the net began to speak to him. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprises 9. The rabbit ________ behind the big tree and the wolf didn't see it. A. hid B. hides C. hide D. hidded 10. I ________ a strange sound outside the window just now. Did you hear it? A. hear B. heared C. hears D. heard II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Once upon a time, a lion 11. ________ (catch) a little mouse. The mouse was very afraid. He 12. ________ (ask) the lion to let him go. He 13. ________ (promise) to help the lion some day. The lion laughed because the mouse was so small, but he let him go anyway. A few days later, the lion was caught in a hunter's net. He 14. ________ (shout) loudly but could not get out. 15. ________ (sudden), the mouse heard him. He ran to the net and 16. ________ (bite) through the ropes with his sharp teeth. The lion was 17. ________ (final) free. He thanked the mouse for his help. They 18. ________ (become) good 19. ________ (friend). This story tells us that even the smallest friend can 20. ________ (be) of great help. Passage 2 Long ago, there 21. ________ (be) a fisherman. He 22. ________ (live) in a small house by the sea with his wife. One day, something very special happened. He 23. ________ (go) fishing as usual. To his 24. ________ (surprise), he caught a golden fish in his net. The fish 25. ________ (speak) to him, "Please let me go. I can give you whatever you want." The fisherman was a kind man, so he 26. ________ (put) the fish back into the sea without asking for 27. ________ (something). When he 28. ________ (tell) his wife about the magic fish, she was very 29. ________ (anger). She 30. ________ (order) him to go back and ask for a new house. Passage 3 When I 31. ________ (be) a child, I loved reading fairy tales. My favorite story 32. ________ (be) The Ugly Duckling . It 33. ________ (tell) a story of a poor little bird. At first, the other animals 34. ________ (laugh) at him because he was ugly. He felt very 35. ________ (sadness) and ran away. Winter came, and he almost 36. ________ (die) in the cold snow. However, when spring came, he looked at his reflection (倒影) in the water and 37. ________ (find) that he 38. ________ (grow) into a beautiful white swan! I 39. ________ (read) this book many times when I was young. This story teaches us a good lesson. We should never 40. ________ (give) up hope even in difficult times. 【参考答案与解析】 I. 单项选择 1.【答案】C 【解析】句意：从前，中国住着一位明智的皇帝。考查讲故事常见的时间标志词。Look out 当心；Right now 现在；Once upon a time 很久以前，从前；Tomorrow 明天。讲故事开篇通常用 Once upon a time。故选C。 2.【答案】B 【解析】句意：昨天，小女孩从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。考查动词的不规则过去式。由 Yesterday 可知用一般过去时。fall 的过去式是 fell；hurt 的过去式与原形同形，仍为 hurt。故选B。 3.【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我最喜欢的书是《彼得兔》。考查一般过去时。句中有明确的过去时间状语“When I was a child (当我还是个孩子的时候)”，所以主句也必须用一般过去时描述过去的喜好。故选D。 4.【答案】A 【解析】句意：老鼠跑到网前，咬断了绳子救了狮子。考查动词过去式。and 连接并列谓语，ran 为过去式，bite 的过去式是不规则变化 bit。故选A。 5.【答案】C 【解析】句意：警察昨晚迅速抓住了小偷并把他关进了监狱。考查不规则动词过去式。last night 提示一般过去时。catch 的过去式是不规则的 caught。故选C。 6.【答案】B 【解析】句意：他正走在森林里，突然跳出来一只老虎。考查副词辨析及讲故事的情节推进。slowly 缓慢地；suddenly 突然地；quietly 安静地；luckily 幸运地。故事中情节转折常用 suddenly。故选B。 7.【答案】C 【解析】句意：我奶奶通常给我讲故事，但昨天她教了我一首歌。考查时态对比。前半句 usually 提示一般现在时，主语 My grandmother 为单三，用 tells；后半句 yesterday 提示一般过去时，teach 的过去式为 taught。故选C。 8.【答案】C 【解析】句意：令他惊讶的是，网里的金鱼开始对他说话了。考查固定搭配。To one's surprise 为固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常用于故事中，名词用 surprise。故选C。 9.【答案】A 【解析】句意：兔子躲在大树后面，狼没有看到它。考查不规则动词的过去式。根据后半句 didn't see it 可知时态为一般过去时。hide 的过去式为 hid。故选A。 10.【答案】D 【解析】句意：我刚才听到窗外有奇怪的声音。你听到了吗？考查不规则动词过去式。just now (刚才) 提示一般过去时。hear 的过去式为 heard，直接加 d，不是规则的加 ed。故选D。 II. 语法填空 Passage 1 答案及解析： 11. caught。讲述过去的故事，catch 的过去式是不规则变化 caught。 12. asked。一般过去时，ask 是规则动词，加 -ed。 13. promised。一般过去时，promise 是以 e 结尾的规则动词，加 -d。 14. shouted。一般过去时，shout 为规则动词，加 -ed。 15. Suddenly。修饰整个句子作状语，用副词 Suddenly，句首字母大写。 16. bit。与前面的 ran 并列，构成过去时，bite 的过去式是 bit。 17. finally。修饰形容词 free，用副词 finally。 18. became。become 的过去式是不规则变化 became。 19. friends。前面有复数代词 They，friend 需变为复数 friends。 20. be。情态动词 can 后面接动词原形 be。 Passage 2 答案及解析： 21. was。故事背景介绍，there be 句型的过去时，主语 a fisherman 是单数，故用 was。 22. lived。一般过去时，规则动词加 -d。 23. went。go 的过去式是不规则变化 went。 24. surprise。to one's surprise (令某人惊讶的是)，固定搭配用名词 surprise。 25. spoke。speak 的过去式是不规则变化 spoke。 26. put。put 的过去式与原形同形，仍为 put。 27. anything。without 为否定意味的介词，其后接不定代词 anything 表示“任何东西”。 28. told。tell 的过去式是不规则变化 told。 29. angry。was 后面接形容词作表语，anger 的形容词形式是 angry。 30. ordered。一般过去时，order 为规则动词，加 -ed。 Passage 3 答案及解析： 31. was。主语是 I，一般过去时用 was。 32. was。讲述过去的喜好，主语 My favorite story 是单数，用 was。 33. told。tell 的过去式是不规则变化 told。 34. laughed。复述故事内容，使用一般过去时，laugh 为规则动词加 -ed。 35. sad。感官动词 felt 后接形容词作表语，sadness 的形容词为 sad。 36. died。die 为规则动词，以 e 结尾直接加 -d。 37. found。与 looked 并列，find 的过去式是不规则变化 found。 38. grew。grow 的过去式是不规则变化 grew。 39. read。一般过去时，read 的过去式拼写不变，仍为 read (读作 /red/)。 40. give。情态动词 should 后接动词原形，give up 意为“放弃”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 A Day to Remember) 一、一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 的用法与意义 【规则变化】 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 【注意】 一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。常见的时间标志词有：yesterday (昨天), last night/week/month/year (昨晚/上周/上个月/去年), a few minutes ago (几分钟前), two days ago (两天前), in 1990 (在1990年), the day before yesterday (前天) 等。 【例句】 Peter got up at 5 a.m. yesterday. 彼得昨天早上5点起床。 We went to the theatre to watch a show last week. 上周我们去剧院看了一场演出。 二、一般过去时的句型结构 【规则变化】 1. 含有 be 动词的一般过去时： 肯定句：主语 + was / were + 其他. 否定句：主语 + was / were + not (wasn't / weren't) + 其他. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 其他? 2. 含有实义动词的一般过去时： 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 【易错点】 在使用实义动词的否定句和一般疑问句时，一旦借助于助动词 did 或 didn't，其后的谓语动词必须还原为动词原形。千万不能写成 "Did you went...?" 或 "I didn't saw..."。 【例句】 —Did you go on a school trip a week ago? 一周前你们去学校旅行了吗？ —Yes, we did. We went to a wastewater plant. 是的。我们去了一家废水处理厂。 Teng Fei didn't give the tourists the right directions. 腾飞没有给游客指正确的方向。 三、动词过去式的变化规则 【规则变化】 规则动词： 1. 一般情况，在动词词尾直接加 -ed。如：look—looked, play—played。 2. 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d。如：live—lived, use—used。 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加 -ed。如：stop—stopped, plan—planned。 4. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 -ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried。 不规则动词： 没有统一的规则，需要单独记忆。如：is/am—was, are—were, do/does—did, have/has—had, go—went, see—saw, eat—ate, take—took, teach—taught 等。 【拓展】 动词过去式加 -ed 后的发音规则： 1. 在清辅音（如 /k/, /p/, /s/ 等）后读作 /t/。如：talked /tɔːkt/, stopped /stɒpt/。 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作 /d/。如：moved /muːvd/, played /pleɪd/。 3. 在 /t/ 和 /d/ 音后读作 /ɪd/。如：wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/, needed /ˈniːdɪd/。 【例句】 In the morning, we explored the farm. 早上，我们在农场里探索。 The farmer told us about how these fruits go from the fields to our tables. 农场主告诉我们这些水果是如何从田间走向我们的餐桌的。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. —Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn't. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A. water B. watered C. are watering D. will water 2. —________ you go to the science museum last weekend? —Yes, I did. I ________ many interesting things there. A. Do; see B. Did; saw C. Did; see D. Do; saw 3. Mary didn't ________ the wrong bus the day before yesterday. She took a taxi to the park. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 4. —How ________ your school trip to the farm last Friday? —It ________ great! A. is; is B. was; is C. was; was D. is; was 5. They ________ some special rooms in the museum, and they looked really amazing. A. visit B. visited C. are visiting D. will visit 6. There ________ a large space exhibition in the hall yesterday afternoon. A. has B. had C. was D. were 7. The farmer ________ us about how these fruits and vegetables go from the fields to our tables. A. tell B. telling C. tells D. told 8. —When ________ your brother ________ to learn how to drive? —About two years ago. A. did; begin B. does; begin C. did; began D. does; begins 9. I ________ my math book at home this morning, so I had to share one with my desk-mate. A. leave B. left C. am leaving D. will leave 10. Yesterday afternoon, we ________ slowly along the mountain roads and ________ about the past. A. walked; talked B. walk; talk C. walked; talk D. walk; talked II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Last Friday 11. ________ (be) a special day for us. We 12. ________ (go) on a school trip to a farm in the countryside. In the morning, we 13. ________ (explore) the farm. The farmer 14. ________ (show) us around and we 15. ________ (see) many animals. Some of my classmates 16. ________ (feed) the chickens and sheep. Then the farmer 17. ________ (teach) us how to grow vegetables. It 18. ________ (take) us about an hour to try planting tomatoes. We were tired but very happy. In the afternoon, we 19. ________ (pick) some fresh fruit. Finally, we 20. ________ (take) the bus back to school. What a great day it was! Passage 2 My school trip to the science museum yesterday was really unforgettable. I 21. ________ (get) up at 6:30 in the morning and 22. ________ (have) a quick breakfast. Then I 23. ________ (meet) my friends at the bus station. We 24. ________ (arrive) at the museum at 8:00 a.m. First, we 25. ________ (visit) the space exhibition. There 26. ________ (be) a lot of cool robots. We even 27. ________ (talk) to one of them. It was so smart! After that, we 28. ________ (watch) a short movie about how astronauts live in space. I 29. ________ (learn) a lot about the universe. I 30. ________ (not buy) any gifts because they were too expensive. But I took many beautiful photos. Passage 3 Last week, our class went on a school trip to a wastewater plant. At first, I 31. ________ (think) it would be boring. But I 32. ________ (find) it was actually very interesting! We 33. ________ (see) how the plant turned dirty water into clean water. First, dirty water from our homes 34. ________ (go) into the plant. Then, special screens 35. ________ (remove) large pieces of waste from the water. After that, large machines 36. ________ (clean) the water again. I 37. ________ (not realize) that it was so hard to get clean water before. The trip 38. ________ (make) me understand the importance of saving water. When we 39. ________ (leave) the plant, we all 40. ________ (promise) to protect our environment in our daily lives. 【参考答案与解析】 I. 单项选择 1.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——彼得，你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗？——不，我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。考查一般过去时。根据 "yesterday" 可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。water 作动词意为“浇水”，其过去式是规则变化加 -ed。故选B。 2.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——上周末你去科技馆了吗？——是的。我在那儿看到了许多有趣的东西。考查一般过去时的疑问句与肯定句。根据 "last weekend" 提示，第一空借助于助动词 Did 提问；答语陈述过去发生的事实，动词 see 需用过去式 saw。故选B。 3.【答案】A 【解析】句意：玛丽前天没有搭错公交车。她打车去了公园。考查一般过去时的否定句。一般过去时的否定句在借助于助动词 didn't 之后，后面的实义动词必须还原为原形。故选A。 4.【答案】C 【解析】句意：——上周五你们去农场的学校旅行怎么样？——太棒了！考查 be 动词的过去式。主语 school trip 和 It 均为第三人称单数，且时间为 "last Friday"，故两空均填 was。故选C。 5.【答案】B 【解析】句意：他们参观了博物馆里的一些特殊房间，它们看起来真的很不可思议。考查一般过去时。根据并列连词 and 后面的 looked（过去式）可知，前后时态应保持一致，表示发生在过去的动作，故选B。 6.【答案】C 【解析】句意：昨天下午大厅里有一个大型的太空展览。考查 there be 句型的过去式。时间状语为 "yesterday afternoon"，且主语 "a large space exhibition" 是单数，所以 be 动词用 was。there be 句型表示“有”，不能用 have/had。故选C。 7.【答案】D 【解析】句意：农场主告诉我们这些水果和蔬菜是如何从田间走向我们的餐桌的。考查动词过去式。本单元的主题是回忆过去发生的事情，讲述农场主的解说，动词 tell 的过去式是不规则变化 told。故选D。 8.【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你哥哥什么时候开始学开车的？——大约两年前。考查特殊疑问句的时态。答语 "About two years ago" 明确提示动作发生在过去，因此疑问句需借助于助动词 did，且其后的谓语动词 begin 要用原形。故选A。 9.【答案】B 【解析】句意：今天早上我把数学书忘在家里了，所以我不得不和同桌共用一本。考查动词过去式。根据后半句 "had to share" 可推断忘记带书也是发生在过去的动作，leave 的过去式为 left。故选B。 10.【答案】A 【解析】句意：昨天下午，我们沿着山路慢慢走，谈论着过去。考查一般过去时。时间状语 "Yesterday afternoon" 决定了句子的时态为一般过去时。and 连接两个并列谓语，均需用过去式 walked 和 talked。故选A。 II. 语法填空 Passage 1 答案及解析： 11. was。主语 Last Friday 为单数，时态为过去时，be 动词用 was。 12. went。通篇描述上周五的经历，go 的过去式是不规则变化 went。 13. explored。一般过去时，explore 为规则动词，以 e 结尾直接加 -d。 14. showed。描述过去的事实，show 的过去式是 showed。 15. saw。see 的过去式是不规则变化 saw。 16. fed。feed (喂养) 的过去式是不规则变化 fed。 17. taught。teach (教) 的过去式是不规则变化 taught。 18. took。It takes sb. time to do sth. 的过去时形式，take 变为 took。 19. picked。一般过去时，pick 是规则变化，直接加 -ed。 20. took。take the bus 的过去式为 took the bus。 Passage 2 答案及解析： 21. got。根据 yesterday 提示，描述过去的连续动作，get 的过去式是 got。 22. had。have 的过去式是 had。 23. met。meet 的过去式是不规则变化 met。 24. arrived。规则动词，以 e 结尾直接加 -d。 25. visited。一般过去时，规则变化，加 -ed。 26. were。there be 句型的过去时，主语 a lot of cool robots 是复数，用 were。 27. talked。一般过去时，规则变化，加 -ed。 28. watched。一般过去时，规则变化，加 -ed。 29. learnt/learned。learn 的过去式可以是规则的 learned，也可以是不规则的 learnt。 30. didn't buy。一般过去时的否定句，需借助于助动词 didn't，其后动词保持原形。 Passage 3 答案及解析： 31. thought。描述过去的想法，think 的过去式是不规则变化 thought。 32. found。find 的过去式是不规则变化 found。 33. saw。see 的过去式是不规则变化 saw。 34. went。go 的过去式是不规则变化 went。 35. removed。规则动词，以 e 结尾直接加 -d。 36. cleaned。一般过去时，规则变化，加 -ed。 37. didn't realize。一般过去时的否定式，借助 didn't 之后用动词原形。 38. made。make 的过去式是不规则变化 made。 39. left。leave 的过去式是不规则变化 left。 40. promised。promise 为规则动词，以 e 结尾直接加 -d。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 5单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 5 Here and Now) 一、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) 【规则变化】 表示现在（说话瞬间）或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。其结构为：主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式。 肯定句：主语 + be + V-ing. 否定句：主语 + be + not + V-ing. 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + V-ing? 【注意】 现在进行时常与时间状语 now (现在), right now (就在此刻), at the moment (此刻) 连用；也常与提示词 Look! (看！), Listen! (听！) 连用。 【易错点】 在构成现在进行时时，极易漏掉 be 动词。如：“I reading a book.” 是错误的，必须加上 be 动词，写成 “I am reading a book.”。 【例句】 What are you doing right now? 你现在正在做什么？ I am doing my homework. 我正在做我的家庭作业。 Look! They are having breakfast. 看！他们正在吃早饭。 二、动词-ing形式的构成规则 【规则变化】 1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加 -ing。(如：do-doing; read-reading) 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加 -ing。(如：make-making; write-writing) 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。(如：run-running; swim-swimming; sit-sitting; get-getting) 4. 以 ie 结尾的动词，把 ie 变为 y，再加 -ing。(如：lie-lying; die-dying) 【拓展】 在初中阶段，常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母的动词可以巧记为：“坐(sit)在游泳(swim)池边，开始(begin)计划(plan)跑步(run)，得到(get)允许才停(stop)下”。 【易错点】 当以 x 结尾时通常不双写（如 fix-fixing）；listen 虽然以辅音字母结尾，但重音在第一音节，所以不双写直接加-ing（listen-listening）。 【例句】 Hao Yi and I are making zongzi! 浩宇和我正在包粽子！ We are watching the races on TV too. 我们也在电视上看比赛。 三、打电话常用交际用语 【规则变化】 英语中打电话有着特定的习惯用语。 1. 介绍自己时，用 “This is...” 或 “It's...”。 2. 询问对方是谁时，用 “Who's that?” 或 “Is that... (speaking)?”。 3. 找某人接电话时，用 “May I speak to...?”。 4. 请对方稍等，用 “Hold on, please.” 或 “Just a moment.”。 5. 留言/捎口信，用 “Can I take a message?” 或 “Could you ask him to call me back?”。 【易错点】 受汉语思维影响，学生打电话时容易用 “I am...” 介绍自己，或用 “Are you...” 询问对方，这在英语中是绝对错误的。 【例句】 —Hello? May I speak to Adam, please? 喂？请问亚当在吗？ —It's Peter. 我是彼得。 —Hold on. Here's Mum. 等一下，妈妈来接了。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. Listen! She ________ in the next room. She has a beautiful voice. A. sings B. is singing C. sang D. will sing 2. Look at the boys! They are ________ in the river happily. A. swim B. swims C. swimming D. swiming 3. —Hello? Is that Mary speaking? —Yes, ________. A. I am B. this is C. she is D. my name is 4. —What are you doing right now? —I ________ my homework. A. do B. am doing C. did D. will do 5. It's 8:00 a.m. The students ________ an English class in the classroom. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 6. —May I speak to Adam, please? —Sorry, he isn't at home at the moment. Can I take a ________? A. photo B. message C. walk D. shower 7. The old man is reading a newspaper, but he ________ TV now. A. doesn't watch B. isn't watching C. didn't watch D. won't watch 8. Jack often ________ a bike to work, but today it is raining, so he ________ a bus. A. rides; takes B. is riding; is taking C. rides; is taking D. is riding; takes 9. —Hello? Who's ________? —It's Peter. A. that B. this C. he D. she 10. My family and I ________ a holiday here in Guangzhou and we are having a great time. A. take B. takes C. took D. are taking II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Dear Kate, I 11. ________ (write) to you from Pingyao! My family and I 12. ________ (visit) my uncle right now. We are 13. ________ (have) a great time here! My uncle is 14. ________ (show) us all the sights. We are staying near Pingyao's famous city walls. I know it's near your exams. 15. ________ you 16. ________ (study) today? I hope it is all 17. ________ (go) well! Outside the window, people 18. ________ (walk) on the ancient street. Some children 19. ________ (run) and 20. ________ (laugh). I look forward to seeing you soon! Passage 2 It is Sunday morning. There are many people in the park. Look! Some old people 21. ________ (dance) to the music. A little girl 22. ________ (fly) a kite with her father. Her mother 23. ________ (sit) on the grass and 24. ________ (take) photos for them. Near the lake, two boys 25. ________ (swim). But wait, swimming is not allowed here. A park keeper 26. ________ (run) towards them and shouting. Under a big tree, a group of students 27. ________ (read) English. What 28. ________ you 29. ________ (do) right now? 30. ________ you enjoying your weekend like them? Passage 3 Ring... The phone is 31. ________ (ring). Jane 32. ________ (answer) the phone. "Hello? 33. ________ is Jane speaking," she says. "Hi, Jane! It's Dad! What are you 34. ________ (do) at the moment?" "I am 35. ________ (make) zongzi with Hao Yi. We 36. ________ (get) ready for the Dragon Boat Festival!" Jane answers happily. "That sounds great! Is Mum there too? Is she 37. ________ (feel) better?" Dad asks. "Yes, her cold is gone. She is 38. ________ (garden) outside. Hold 39. ________. I'll pass the phone to her." "Hi, Mum!" Jane calls out. "Dad 40. ________ (wait) on the phone for you." 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 6单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 6 Rain or Shine) 一、询问与描述天气的句型 【规则变化】 询问天气的常见句型有两种： 1. What's the weather like (in + 某地)? 2. How's the weather (in + 某地)? 【注意】 描述天气时，通常用 "It is + 表示天气的形容词" 或 "It is + 动词-ing形式"。如：It is sunny (晴朗的) / It is raining (正在下雨)。 【拓展】 当表示雨或雪下得“很大”时，英语中不用 big，而是用 heavy / heavily 或 hard 修饰。例如：It's raining heavily. (雨下得很大。) / It rains cats and dogs. (倾盆大雨。) 【例句】 —What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？ —It's cold and snowy. 天气很冷，而且在下雪。 —How's the weather in Sydney? 悉尼的天气怎么样？ —The sun is shining and it's very hot. 阳光明媚，天气非常热。 二、描述天气的词汇转换 (名词变形容词) 【规则变化】 表示天气的名词，通常可以在词尾加 -y 变成形容词。 1. 直接加 -y: rain—rainy (多雨的); snow—snowy (多雪的); wind—windy (多风的); cloud—cloudy (多云的); storm—stormy (有暴风雨的)。 2. 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -y: sun—sunny (晴朗的); fog—foggy (有雾的)。 【易错点】 注意区分名词、动词和形容词的用法。rain 和 snow 既可作名词又可作动词。可以说 It is raining/snowing (现在进行时)，也可以说 It is rainy/snowy (主系表结构)，但千万不能混淆写成 It is rain/snow 这样缺乏冠词且词性误用的表达。 【例句】 We usually stay in when it snows. 下雪时我们通常待在家里。(snows 为动词一般现在时) It is a sunny day. 今天是个晴天。(sunny 为形容词修饰 day) 三、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比 【规则变化】 1. 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观真理，常与 usually, often, always, every day 等频度副词连用。结构：主语 + 动词原形/单三形式。 2. 现在进行时表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, right now, at the moment 连用，或有 Look! / Listen! 的提示。结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing。 【注意】 在同一个句子里，可以通过使用不同的时间状语和语境来形成强烈的对比。 【例句】 We usually stay in when it snows, but now we're building a snowman outside. (下雪时我们通常待在家里，但现在我们正在外面堆雪人。——前半句表习惯，后半句表此刻正在发生) 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. —________ the weather like in your hometown in spring? —It’s usually warm and windy. A. What’s B. How’s C. What D. How 2. Look! The wind ________ hard and the sky is turning dark. Let’s go home quickly. A. blow B. blows C. is blowing D. blew 3. I usually ________ a bus to work, but today I ________ a taxi because of the heavy rain. A. take; take B. take; am taking C. am taking; take D. am taking; am taking 4. It’s a ________ day today. Let’s go to the beach and sunbathe. A. sun B. sunny C. rain D. cloud 5. —Where is your brother? —He ________ beach volleyball right now. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 6. Don't go outside without an umbrella. It is raining cats and ________. A. mice B. horses C. tigers D. dogs 7. In my hometown, the sun usually ________ at around 6 a.m. in summer. A. rise B. rises C. is rising D. rose 8. —Do you have an umbrella? It ________ outside. —Here you go. A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. rain 9. We have a huge storm today. It’s really ________. A. warm B. stormy C. sunny D. fine 10. She always ________ a sweater, but it’s quite warm today, so she ________ a T-shirt. A. is wearing; wears B. wears; wears C. wears; is wearing D. is wearing; is wearing II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 It is Sunday morning. The weather is 11. ________ (sun). Many people are in the park. Look! Some boys 12. ________ (play) football. A girl 13. ________ (fly) a kite. Her parents are 14. ________ (sit) on the grass and watching her. What about Tom? He usually 15. ________ (stay) at home and reads books on Sundays, but today he 16. ________ (run) in the park. He says, "I want 17. ________ (keep) fit." Suddenly, the wind blows 18. ________ (hard). The sky turns dark. It starts to 19. ________ (rain). Everyone 20. ________ (run) to find a place to hide. Passage 2 There is a huge storm today. I am sitting in my room and 21. ________ (look) out of the window. It 22. ________ (rain) very hard. The rain is pouring down. The wind is 23. ________ (blow) hard too. It is difficult for people 24. ________ (use) their umbrellas. A man in the street 25. ________ (look) angry. He is shouting and 26. ________ (run) after his hat! I 27. ________ (real) hope the weather will get 28. ________ (good) soon. We usually 29. ________ (have) sunny days in spring, but this year the weather is quite 30. ________ (difference). Passage 3 Hello, everyone! Let's look at the weather around the world. In Beijing, it's 31. ________ (snow). Children 32. ________ (build) a snowman outside. They are very 33. ________ (excite). In Sydney, the sun 34. ________ (shine) brightly. It is a 35. ________ (cloud) day in London, and people are walking 36. ________ (quick) to work. In Singapore, it usually 37. ________ (rain) a lot in this season, but today it is dry. What 38. ________ you 39. ________ (do) at the moment? Are you 40. ________ (enjoy) your day, come rain or shine? 【参考答案与解析】 I. 单项选择 1.【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你们家乡春天的天气怎么样？——通常是温暖多风的。考查询问天气的句型。询问天气有两套固定句型：What's the weather like? 和 How's the weather? 题干中有 like，故应用 What's。故选A。 2.【答案】C 【解析】句意：看！风刮得很大，天变黑了。我们快回家吧。考查现在进行时。由句首的提示词 “Look!” 可知，刮风的动作正在进行，应使用现在进行时 is blowing。故选C。 3.【答案】B 【解析】句意：我通常乘公交车上班，但今天因为大雨我正在乘出租车。考查时态对比。usually（通常）提示一般现在时，第一空填 take；today（今天）提示现阶段的临时动作，第二空填现在进行时 am taking。故选B。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意：今天是个晴天。我们去海滩晒日光浴吧。考查形容词作定语。day 是名词，其前应用形容词修饰。sun（名词）；sunny（形容词，晴朗的）。故选B。 5.【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你哥哥在哪里？——他现在正在打沙滩排球。考查现在进行时。根据时间状语 right now（现在，立刻）可知，动作正在进行，谓语动词需用现在进行时 (be + doing)。主语 He 为单数，be 动词用 is。故选C。 6.【答案】D 【解析】句意：没有伞不要出去。正在下倾盆大雨。考查固定搭配。rain cats and dogs 是一句经典的英语固定习语，意为“倾盆大雨”。故选D。 7.【答案】B 【解析】句意：在我的家乡，夏天太阳通常在早上6点左右升起。考查一般现在时。usually 表示经常性动作，且“太阳升起”为自然规律，应用一般现在时。主语 the sun 是第三人称单数，故填 rises。故选B。 8.【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你有伞吗？外面正在下雨。——给你。考查现在进行时。根据语境“你有伞吗？给你。”可知，下雨的动作发生在说话的当时，需用现在进行时 is raining。故选A。 9.【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们今天遇到了强风暴。天气真是暴风雨般的。考查形容词。系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，根据前句 storm (风暴) 提示，天气为 stormy (有暴风雨的)。故选B。 10.【答案】C 【解析】句意：她总是穿毛衣，但今天挺暖和，所以她正穿着T恤。考查时态对比。always 提示经常性的动作，用一般现在时 wears；后半句描述今天正在发生的行为，用现在进行时 is wearing。故选C。 II. 语法填空 Passage 1 答案及解析： 11. sunny。作表语描述天气，需用形容词 sunny。 12. are playing。根据 Look! 可知动作正在进行，主语 boys 为复数，用 are playing。 13. is flying。承接上文的正在进行时，主语 A girl 为单数，用 is flying。 14. sitting。are 后接动词-ing，sit 需双写 t 加 -ing。 15. stays。usually 提示一般现在时，主语 He 是单三，用 stays。 16. is running。表示此时此刻不同于平时的动作，用现在进行时，run 双写 n 加 -ing。 17. to keep。want to do sth 想要做某事。 18. hard。修饰动词 blows 用副词，hard 既是形容词也是副词（猛烈地）。 19. rain。start to do sth 开始做某事，to 后接动词原形。 20. is running / runs。Everyone 作主语视作单数，若描述正在奔跑避雨的情景用 is running，若按顺承发生用 runs 也可接受，推荐 is running 呼应语境。 Passage 2 答案及解析： 21. looking。与 am sitting 并列，共同使用 be 动词 am，加 -ing 形式。 22. is raining。描述眼下正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。 23. blowing。is 后接 -ing 形式构成进行时。 24. to use。It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 为固定句型。 25. looks。A man 为单数，一般现在时表示他看起来的样子，用 looks。 26. running。与 is shouting 并列，共用 is，run 双写 n 加 -ing。 27. really。修饰动词 hope，需用副词 really。 28. better。get better 意为“变好”，用形容词比较级表示将来的改善。 29. have。usually 提示一般现在时，主语 we 是复数，用原形 have。 30. different。系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，difference 的形容词为 different。 Passage 3 答案及解析： 31. snowing。it's 为 it is 的缩写，后接 v.-ing 形式构成现在进行时，表示正在下雪。 32. are building。描述孩子们眼下的动作，用现在进行时，主语复数。 33. excited。主语是人 (They)，表示“感到兴奋的”用 -ed 结尾的形容词。 34. is shining。描述眼下动作，用现在进行时，shine 去 e 加 -ing。 35. cloudy。修饰名词 day 用形容词，cloudy 多云的。 36. quickly。修饰动词 walking 需用副词 quickly。 37. rains。usually 提示经常性动作，主语 it 为单三，用 rains。 38. are。at the moment 提示现在进行时疑问句，主语 you 搭配 are。 39. doing。与前一空 are 构成进行时。 40. enjoying。Are you ... 提示进行时，enjoy 直接加 -ing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 8单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 8 Once upon a Time) 一、动词过去式的不规则变化 (Irregular Verbs) 【规则变化】 本单元重点讲述故事（Storytelling），涉及大量发生在过去的动作。除了在词尾加 -ed 的规则变化外，还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，必须单独记忆。 常见的有：catch—caught, bite—bit, hide—hid, tell—told, fall—fell, teach—taught, think—thought, hold—held, become—became, run—ran 等。 【注意】 有些不规则动词的过去式和原形拼写与读音完全相同，例如：cost—cost, cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let, put—put。 【易错点】 动词 read 的过去式拼写仍为 read，但发音从 /riːd/ 变成了 /red/，在朗读故事时要特别注意。 【例句】 Once a lion caught a mouse. 从前，一只狮子抓住了一只老鼠。 The mouse bit through the net. 老鼠咬破了网。 二、在故事讲述中时态的运用 (Tenses in Storytelling) 【规则变化】 我们在讲述或复述一个故事时，通常以一般过去时为主，因为故事通常发生在过去。但在某些情况下，如果为了让故事的动作显得更生动、更具有画面感，或者在概括一本书/一部电影的情节时，我们也可以使用一般现在时。 【注意】 在同一个句子中，要注意时间状语与时态的对应。当描述自己小时候的习惯或喜好时，主从句都要用一般过去时。 【易错点】 受中文思维影响，容易在带有明显过去时间（如 when I was a child）的句子里错误地使用一般现在时。 【例句】 When I was a child, my favourite book was Peter Rabbit. 当我是个孩子的时候，我最喜欢的书是《彼得兔》。（不能用 is） The mouse asks the lion not to kill him. 老鼠请求狮子不要杀他。（用一般现在时使情节更生动） 三、故事中常见的时间标志词与副词 【规则变化】 为了使故事情节连贯、跌宕起伏，我们常使用以下表示时间、顺序和转折的词汇： 1. 开篇：Once upon a time (从前), Long ago (很久以前), One day (有一天). 2. 发展：Then (然后), After that (在那之后), Suddenly (突然地). 3. 结局：Finally (最后), In the end (最后). 【拓展】 "To one's surprise" 意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常用于故事中出现意想不到的转折时。例如：To his surprise, the fish spoke! (令他惊讶的是，那条鱼说话了！) 【例句】 Once upon a time, there was a fisherman who lived in a small house by the sea. 从前，有一个渔夫住在海边的一所小房子里。 Suddenly, a huge storm came. 突然，一场巨大的暴风雨来了。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. ________, there lived a wise emperor in China. A. Look out B. Right now C. Once upon a time D. Tomorrow 2. Yesterday, the little girl ________ off her bike and ________ her leg. A. fall; hurt B. fell; hurt C. fell; hurted D. falls; hurts 3. When I ________ a child, my favourite book ________ Peter Rabbit . A. am; is B. was; is C. am; was D. was; was 4. The mouse ran to the net and ________ through the ropes to save the lion. A. bit B. bite C. bited D. bitten 5. The police ________ the thief quickly last night and put him in prison. A. catches B. catch C. caught D. catched 6. He was walking in the forest when ________, a tiger jumped out. A. slowly B. suddenly C. quietly D. luckily 7. My grandmother usually ________ me stories, but yesterday she ________ me a song. A. tells; teaches B. told; taught C. tells; taught D. told; teaches 8. To his ________, the golden fish in the net began to speak to him. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprises 9. The rabbit ________ behind the big tree and the wolf didn't see it. A. hid B. hides C. hide D. hidded 10. I ________ a strange sound outside the window just now. Did you hear it? A. hear B. heared C. hears D. heard II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Once upon a time, a lion 11. ________ (catch) a little mouse. The mouse was very afraid. He 12. ________ (ask) the lion to let him go. He 13. ________ (promise) to help the lion some day. The lion laughed because the mouse was so small, but he let him go anyway. A few days later, the lion was caught in a hunter's net. He 14. ________ (shout) loudly but could not get out. 15. ________ (sudden), the mouse heard him. He ran to the net and 16. ________ (bite) through the ropes with his sharp teeth. The lion was 17. ________ (final) free. He thanked the mouse for his help. They 18. ________ (become) good 19. ________ (friend). This story tells us that even the smallest friend can 20. ________ (be) of great help. Passage 2 Long ago, there 21. ________ (be) a fisherman. He 22. ________ (live) in a small house by the sea with his wife. One day, something very special happened. He 23. ________ (go) fishing as usual. To his 24. ________ (surprise), he caught a golden fish in his net. The fish 25. ________ (speak) to him, "Please let me go. I can give you whatever you want." The fisherman was a kind man, so he 26. ________ (put) the fish back into the sea without asking for 27. ________ (something). When he 28. ________ (tell) his wife about the magic fish, she was very 29. ________ (anger). She 30. ________ (order) him to go back and ask for a new house. Passage 3 When I 31. ________ (be) a child, I loved reading fairy tales. My favorite story 32. ________ (be) The Ugly Duckling . It 33. ________ (tell) a story of a poor little bird. At first, the other animals 34. ________ (laugh) at him because he was ugly. He felt very 35. ________ (sadness) and ran away. Winter came, and he almost 36. ________ (die) in the cold snow. However, when spring came, he looked at his reflection (倒影) in the water and 37. ________ (find) that he 38. ________ (grow) into a beautiful white swan! I 39. ________ (read) this book many times when I was young. This story teaches us a good lesson. We should never 40. ________ (give) up hope even in difficult times. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 6单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 6 Rain or Shine) 一、询问与描述天气的句型 【规则变化】 询问天气的常见句型有两种： 1. What's the weather like (in + 某地)? 2. How's the weather (in + 某地)? 【注意】 描述天气时，通常用 "It is + 表示天气的形容词" 或 "It is + 动词-ing形式"。如：It is sunny (晴朗的) / It is raining (正在下雨)。 【拓展】 当表示雨或雪下得“很大”时，英语中不用 big，而是用 heavy / heavily 或 hard 修饰。例如：It's raining heavily. (雨下得很大。) / It rains cats and dogs. (倾盆大雨。) 【例句】 —What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？ —It's cold and snowy. 天气很冷，而且在下雪。 —How's the weather in Sydney? 悉尼的天气怎么样？ —The sun is shining and it's very hot. 阳光明媚，天气非常热。 二、描述天气的词汇转换 (名词变形容词) 【规则变化】 表示天气的名词，通常可以在词尾加 -y 变成形容词。 1. 直接加 -y: rain—rainy (多雨的); snow—snowy (多雪的); wind—windy (多风的); cloud—cloudy (多云的); storm—stormy (有暴风雨的)。 2. 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -y: sun—sunny (晴朗的); fog—foggy (有雾的)。 【易错点】 注意区分名词、动词和形容词的用法。rain 和 snow 既可作名词又可作动词。可以说 It is raining/snowing (现在进行时)，也可以说 It is rainy/snowy (主系表结构)，但千万不能混淆写成 It is rain/snow 这样缺乏冠词且词性误用的表达。 【例句】 We usually stay in when it snows. 下雪时我们通常待在家里。(snows 为动词一般现在时) It is a sunny day. 今天是个晴天。(sunny 为形容词修饰 day) 三、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比 【规则变化】 1. 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观真理，常与 usually, often, always, every day 等频度副词连用。结构：主语 + 动词原形/单三形式。 2. 现在进行时表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, right now, at the moment 连用，或有 Look! / Listen! 的提示。结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing。 【注意】 在同一个句子里，可以通过使用不同的时间状语和语境来形成强烈的对比。 【例句】 We usually stay in when it snows, but now we're building a snowman outside. (下雪时我们通常待在家里，但现在我们正在外面堆雪人。——前半句表习惯，后半句表此刻正在发生) 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. —________ the weather like in your hometown in spring? —It’s usually warm and windy. A. What’s B. How’s C. What D. How 2. Look! The wind ________ hard and the sky is turning dark. Let’s go home quickly. A. blow B. blows C. is blowing D. blew 3. I usually ________ a bus to work, but today I ________ a taxi because of the heavy rain. A. take; take B. take; am taking C. am taking; take D. am taking; am taking 4. It’s a ________ day today. Let’s go to the beach and sunbathe. A. sun B. sunny C. rain D. cloud 5. —Where is your brother? —He ________ beach volleyball right now. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 6. Don't go outside without an umbrella. It is raining cats and ________. A. mice B. horses C. tigers D. dogs 7. In my hometown, the sun usually ________ at around 6 a.m. in summer. A. rise B. rises C. is rising D. rose 8. —Do you have an umbrella? It ________ outside. —Here you go. A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. rain 9. We have a huge storm today. It’s really ________. A. warm B. stormy C. sunny D. fine 10. She always ________ a sweater, but it’s quite warm today, so she ________ a T-shirt. A. is wearing; wears B. wears; wears C. wears; is wearing D. is wearing; is wearing II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 It is Sunday morning. The weather is 11. ________ (sun). Many people are in the park. Look! Some boys 12. ________ (play) football. A girl 13. ________ (fly) a kite. Her parents are 14. ________ (sit) on the grass and watching her. What about Tom? He usually 15. ________ (stay) at home and reads books on Sundays, but today he 16. ________ (run) in the park. He says, "I want 17. ________ (keep) fit." Suddenly, the wind blows 18. ________ (hard). The sky turns dark. It starts to 19. ________ (rain). Everyone 20. ________ (run) to find a place to hide. Passage 2 There is a huge storm today. I am sitting in my room and 21. ________ (look) out of the window. It 22. ________ (rain) very hard. The rain is pouring down. The wind is 23. ________ (blow) hard too. It is difficult for people 24. ________ (use) their umbrellas. A man in the street 25. ________ (look) angry. He is shouting and 26. ________ (run) after his hat! I 27. ________ (real) hope the weather will get 28. ________ (good) soon. We usually 29. ________ (have) sunny days in spring, but this year the weather is quite 30. ________ (difference). Passage 3 Hello, everyone! Let's look at the weather around the world. In Beijing, it's 31. ________ (snow). Children 32. ________ (build) a snowman outside. They are very 33. ________ (excite). In Sydney, the sun 34. ________ (shine) brightly. It is a 35. ________ (cloud) day in London, and people are walking 36. ________ (quick) to work. In Singapore, it usually 37. ________ (rain) a lot in this season, but today it is dry. What 38. ________ you 39. ________ (do) at the moment? Are you 40. ________ (enjoy) your day, come rain or shine? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版七年级下册Unit 5单元语法知识梳理与练习 一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 5 Here and Now) 一、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense) 【规则变化】 表示现在（说话瞬间）或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。其结构为：主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式。 肯定句：主语 + be + V-ing. 否定句：主语 + be + not + V-ing. 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + V-ing? 【注意】 现在进行时常与时间状语 now (现在), right now (就在此刻), at the moment (此刻) 连用；也常与提示词 Look! (看！), Listen! (听！) 连用。 【易错点】 在构成现在进行时时，极易漏掉 be 动词。如：“I reading a book.” 是错误的，必须加上 be 动词，写成 “I am reading a book.”。 【例句】 What are you doing right now? 你现在正在做什么？ I am doing my homework. 我正在做我的家庭作业。 Look! They are having breakfast. 看！他们正在吃早饭。 二、动词-ing形式的构成规则 【规则变化】 1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加 -ing。(如：do-doing; read-reading) 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加 -ing。(如：make-making; write-writing) 3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing。(如：run-running; swim-swimming; sit-sitting; get-getting) 4. 以 ie 结尾的动词，把 ie 变为 y，再加 -ing。(如：lie-lying; die-dying) 【拓展】 在初中阶段，常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母的动词可以巧记为：“坐(sit)在游泳(swim)池边，开始(begin)计划(plan)跑步(run)，得到(get)允许才停(stop)下”。 【易错点】 当以 x 结尾时通常不双写（如 fix-fixing）；listen 虽然以辅音字母结尾，但重音在第一音节，所以不双写直接加-ing（listen-listening）。 【例句】 Hao Yi and I are making zongzi! 浩宇和我正在包粽子！ We are watching the races on TV too. 我们也在电视上看比赛。 三、打电话常用交际用语 【规则变化】 英语中打电话有着特定的习惯用语。 1. 介绍自己时，用 “This is...” 或 “It's...”。 2. 询问对方是谁时，用 “Who's that?” 或 “Is that... (speaking)?”。 3. 找某人接电话时，用 “May I speak to...?”。 4. 请对方稍等，用 “Hold on, please.” 或 “Just a moment.”。 5. 留言/捎口信，用 “Can I take a message?” 或 “Could you ask him to call me back?”。 【易错点】 受汉语思维影响，学生打电话时容易用 “I am...” 介绍自己，或用 “Are you...” 询问对方，这在英语中是绝对错误的。 【例句】 —Hello? May I speak to Adam, please? 喂？请问亚当在吗？ —It's Peter. 我是彼得。 —Hold on. Here's Mum. 等一下，妈妈来接了。 二：单元语法知识练习 I. 单项选择（10道） 1. Listen! She ________ in the next room. She has a beautiful voice. A. sings B. is singing C. sang D. will sing 2. Look at the boys! They are ________ in the river happily. A. swim B. swims C. swimming D. swiming 3. —Hello? Is that Mary speaking? —Yes, ________. A. I am B. this is C. she is D. my name is 4. —What are you doing right now? —I ________ my homework. A. do B. am doing C. did D. will do 5. It's 8:00 a.m. The students ________ an English class in the classroom. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 6. —May I speak to Adam, please? —Sorry, he isn't at home at the moment. Can I take a ________? A. photo B. message C. walk D. shower 7. The old man is reading a newspaper, but he ________ TV now. A. doesn't watch B. isn't watching C. didn't watch D. won't watch 8. Jack often ________ a bike to work, but today it is raining, so he ________ a bus. A. rides; takes B. is riding; is taking C. rides; is taking D. is riding; takes 9. —Hello? Who's ________? —It's Peter. A. that B. this C. he D. she 10. My family and I ________ a holiday here in Guangzhou and we are having a great time. A. take B. takes C. took D. are taking II. 语法填空（3篇） Passage 1 Dear Kate, I 11. ________ (write) to you from Pingyao! My family and I 12. ________ (visit) my uncle right now. We are 13. ________ (have) a great time here! My uncle is 14. ________ (show) us all the sights. We are staying near Pingyao's famous city walls. I know it's near your exams. 15. ________ you 16. ________ (study) today? I hope it is all 17. ________ (go) well! Outside the window, people 18. ________ (walk) on the ancient street. Some children 19. ________ (run) and 20. ________ (laugh). I look forward to seeing you soon! Passage 2 It is Sunday morning. There are many people in the park. Look! Some old people 21. ________ (dance) to the music. A little girl 22. ________ (fly) a kite with her father. Her mother 23. ________ (sit) on the grass and 24. ________ (take) photos for them. Near the lake, two boys 25. ________ (swim). But wait, swimming is not allowed here. A park keeper 26. ________ (run) towards them and shouting. Under a big tree, a group of students 27. ________ (read) English. What 28. ________ you 29. ________ (do) right now? 30. ________ you enjoying your weekend like them? Passage 3 Ring... The phone is 31. ________ (ring). Jane 32. ________ (answer) the phone. "Hello? 33. ________ is Jane speaking," she says. "Hi, Jane! It's Dad! What are you 34. ________ (do) at the moment?" "I am 35. ________ (make) zongzi with Hao Yi. We 36. ________ (get) ready for the Dragon Boat Festival!" Jane answers happily. "That sounds great! Is Mum there too? Is she 37. ________ (feel) better?" Dad asks. "Yes, her cold is gone. She is 38. ________ (garden) outside. Hold 39. ________. I'll pass the phone to her." "Hi, Mum!" Jane calls out. "Dad 40. ________ (wait) on the phone for you." 【参考答案与解析】 I. 单项选择 1.【答案】B 【解析】句意：听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。她的嗓音很美。考查现在进行时。根据提示词 Listen! 可知，唱歌的动作正在发生，应用现在进行时 (is/am/are + doing)。主语是 She，be动词用 is。故选B。 2.【答案】C 【解析】句意：看那些男孩！他们正在河里开心地游泳。考查动词的-ing形式规则。swim 属于重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母 m 再加 -ing。故选C。 3.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——喂？请问是玛丽吗？——是的，我是。考查英语打电话用语。在英语中打电话，介绍自己要用 This is... (speaking)，不能用 I am 或 my name is。故选B。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你现在正在做什么？——我正在做作业。考查现在进行时。问句中 right now 提示用现在进行时，所以答语也应用现在进行时，表示目前正在做的事情。主语是 I，故用 am doing。故选B。 5.【答案】C 【解析】句意：现在是早上8点。学生们正在教室里上英语课。考查现在进行时。根据 It's 8:00 a.m. 语境提示，上课这一动作正在此时发生，应用现在进行时。The students 为复数，be动词用 are。故选C。 6.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——请问亚当在吗？——抱歉，他现在不在家。需要我帮你捎个口信吗？考查交际用语。take a message 意为“捎口信/留言”，是打电话时的常用固定搭配。故选B。 7.【答案】B 【解析】句意：那位老人正在看报纸，但他现在没有在看电视。考查现在进行时的否定句。根据前文 is reading 以及句末的 now 可知，此空应填现在进行时的否定形式 (isn't/aren't/am not + doing)。主语为 he，故用 isn't watching。故选B。 8.【答案】C 【解析】句意：杰克通常骑自行车上班，但今天下雨了，所以他正在乘公交车。考查时态辨析。第一空有 often (通常)，表示经常性动作，用一般现在时 (rides)；第二空根据 today it is raining (今天正在下雨) 可知，乘公交是目前的临时动作，用现在进行时 (is taking)。故选C。 9.【答案】A 【解析】句意：——喂？请问你是哪位？——我是彼得。考查英语打电话用语。在电话中询问对方是谁，应该用 "Who's that (speaking)?"，不能用 Who are you 或者是 he/she。故选A。 10.【答案】D 【解析】句意：我和我的家人正在广州度假，我们玩得很开心。考查现在进行时。根据 and we are having a great time (且我们正玩得开心) 的并列关系可知，度假这一动作也正在进行中，因此使用 are taking。故选D。 II. 语法填空 Passage 1 答案及解析： 11. am writing。表示“我现在正在给你写信”，用现在进行时。 12. are visiting。根据时间状语 right now 可知动作正在进行，主语为复数，用 are visiting。 13. having。are 后面加动词-ing，have 去 e 加 -ing。 14. showing。is 后面加动词-ing 构成现在进行时。 15. Are。考查现在进行时的一般疑问句，主语是 you，助动词用 Are 放在句首。 16. studying。与前一空的 Are 搭配构成正在进行时，study 直接加 -ing。 17. going。is 后面加 going，表示“一切进行得顺利”。 18. are walking。描述眼前窗外正在发生的画面，people 是复数，用 are walking。 19. are running。描述小孩子正在跑，run 要双写 n 再加 -ing。 20. laughing。与前面的 are running 并列，这里共用 be 动词，直接填 laughing 即可。 Passage 2 答案及解析： 21. are dancing。根据 Look! 提示，动作正在进行。people 为集合名词做复数看待，用 are dancing，dance 去 e 加 -ing。 22. is flying。主语 a little girl 为单数，用 is flying。 23. is sitting。主语 Her mother 为单数，sit 要双写 t 加 -ing。 24. taking。与 is sitting 并列，此处共用 is，直接填 taking（去 e 加 -ing）。 25. are swimming。主语 two boys 是复数，swim 要双写 m 加 -ing。 26. is running。A park keeper 是单数，run 双写 n 加 -ing。 27. are reading。a group of students 强调复数概念，用 are reading。 28. are。特殊疑问句的现在进行时，主语是 you，用 are。 29. doing。与 are 结合，表示“你正在做什么”。 30. Are。一般疑问句，主语是 you，句首首字母需大写。 Passage 3 答案及解析： 31. ringing。is 之后加动词 -ing，表示电话正在响。 32. is answering / answers。根据后文 “says” 此时在描绘现场，但由于整个段落基本是现在进行状态，结合前面 The phone is ringing 正在响，这里使用 is answering 表示正在接听更好；若作为一般叙述，answers 也可接受，更推荐 is answering。 33. This。打电话介绍自己：“This is... speaking”，句首首字母大写。 34. doing。现在进行时特殊疑问句，are ... doing。 35. making。am 之后加 -ing 形式，make 去 e 加 -ing。 36. are getting。表示“我们正在为端午节做准备”，get 双写 t 加 -ing。 37. feeling。is 之后加 -ing 形式，表示她感觉好点了吗。 38. gardening。garden 作动词指从事园艺，加 -ing 构成进行时。 39. on。打电话用语 "Hold on" 表示请稍等。 40. is waiting。表示“爸爸正拿着电话等你”，用现在进行时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $