Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 与……一起；连同__________________ 2. 对……产生影响__________________ 3. 指的是；提及；参考__________________ 4. 被困在……中；陷入__________________ 5. 处理；应对__________________ 6. 对……负责__________________ 7. 导致；造成__________________ 8. 采取措施__________________ 9. 不仅……而且……__________________ 10. 对……感到震惊__________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The latest ________（图表）clearly presents the changes in economic data over the past ten years. 2. Many factories are trying their best to control the ________（排放）to protect the environment. 3. When the weather gets warm, the ice will begin to ________（融化）into water slowly. 4. It's very important for us to keep the balance of the global ________（生态）system. 5. This book gives a ________（全面的）introduction to the history and culture of this old city. 6. This famous writer has a ________（世界各地的）group of readers and his works are popular. 7. More and more people prefer healthy lifestyles, which is a new ________（趋势）nowadays. 8. The wonderful sports meeting will be ________（播放）live on TV and the Internet tonight. 9. The new educational ________（政策）has brought many good changes to schools and students. 10. We should take action to reduce our carbon ________（足迹）and live a green life. 三、单句语法填空。 1. There has been a ________(drama) change in people’s lifestyle in the past few decades. 2. Climate change has become a ________(globe) problem that draws worldwide attention. 3. Millions of people suffer from ________(starve) because of food shortage every year. 4. Scientists are searching for a ________(habit) planet suitable for human living. 5. We must take ________(sustain) development to protect our earth for future generations. 6. The report gives a ________(comprehend) analysis of the current economic situation. 7. This kind of mistake happens ________(frequent) if you are not careful enough. 8. The use of cars should be ________(restrict) to reduce air pollution in big cities. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 毫无疑问，坚持环保生活方式对我们的健康和地球都大有好处。 ________________________ living a green lifestyle benefits our health and the earth greatly. 2. 有证据表明，过度使用塑料正在严重威胁着海洋生物的生存环境。 ________________________ overusing plastics is seriously threatening the living environment of sea life. 3. 气温持续下降，导致许多植物在寒冷天气中无法正常生长。 The temperature kept dropping, ________________________ in such cold weather. 4. 如果当时你听从了专家的建议，就不会遇到这么多麻烦了。 ________________________ the expert’s advice, you wouldn’t have met so much trouble. 5. 每天阅读半小时英语文章是提高语言能力的好方法。 ________________________ English articles for half an hour every day to improve our language skills. 五、语法填空 In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1. animals. In 2013, the whole world 2. (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the rise in temperature, the polar bear seemed 3. (die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 4. is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5. (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6. (keep)Earth’s climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 7. big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise 8. (quick). The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 9. (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10. (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 六、阅读理解 （安徽部分学校联考2025-2026学年高二下学期3月开学考试）Nearly 90% of U.S. states are failing to properly address plastic pollution, indicating clearly a system failure in a new report by the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. generates 40 million metric tons of plastic waste every year, or about 287 pounds per person. And every year, that mountain of waste grows by another 11 million tons worldwide. We don’t lack awareness of the issue. Instead, we’ve employed strategies that don’t work. While plastics have changed modern life with their various uses, our waste management systems have never developed to deal with them. The result: blocked rivers, growing landfills, and a lot of ineffective state policies. Take Mississippi—with almost no laws addressing plastic waste. The Mississippi River, the largest watershed in the U.S., has become a major pipeline for pollution to go into the Gulf of Mexico. Meanwhile, California has invested (投资) heavily in laws and bans, but at a high economic cost and with limited nationwide impact. Recycling, often advertised as the basis of circularity(循环), is failing us. Around the world, only 9% of plastic is actually recycled. That’s because the current system depends on unrealistic levels of sorting at the household level. If any item is polluted with leftover food or the last drops of a beauty product, it is likely to end up in the landfill. Even in Europe, with more advanced infrastructure(基础建设), the vast majority of plastic waste is still abandoned. For nearly three years, negotiations(协商) have been underway for the Global Plastics Treaty to address plastic waste by uplifting circular economies. No deal has been agreed upon yet, but we are watching closely to see what will happen after the negotiations finish next week. Even if they are successful, it’s manifest that policy alone won’t solve this problem. What we need is technology that works smoothly with existing consumer behavior and market forces. Rather than hope consumers change their habits or wait for governments to act, we need to upgrade innovations that process all waste, including the unsorted and organic, and change it into a product that’s actually useful. That’s what we need: not more clean-up campaigns, but real circular solutions. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By presenting figures. B．By explaining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By stating cause and effect. 2．What does the author try to show by mentioning California? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The ineffectiveness of some strategies. C．The necessity of making laws. D．The harm of plastic pollution. 3．What does the underlined word “manifest” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Clear. B．Necessary. C．Fitting. D．Surprising. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for solving plastic pollution? A．Guide consumers to develop waste-sorting habits. B．Carry out clean-up movements with recycling organizations. C．Improve innovations to turn the waste into useful products. D．Push governments to invest in waste treatment technology. 七、七选五 （重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第一中学校2027届高二上学期期期未）In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day. 1 They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc. Singapore has an otherworldly garden. The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark. 2 25 to 50 meters tall in the city-state’s new business district, the 18 Solar Super-trees light up the night sky, their canopies looking like flying dishes. Vast glass greenhouses also showcase plants from five continents, which are complete with an artificial mountain and indoor waterfall. 3 With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year. In a built-up city, it has been found that such programs are “fighting effectively against heat islands”. Now covering three rooftops and totaling more than 22,000 square meters, the farm grows a wide variety of vegetables. Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards. 4 The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created. 5 A．On a New York rooftop hides a farm. B．From floor to ceiling, produce grows at an upright farm. C．It’s a building attracting other countries’ attention. D．The trees are made from concrete and steel and covered with real plants. E．Green spaces have also been shown to serve other functions. F．They are combined with the existing green spaces such as parks and gardens. G．It’s one of the better examples of urban replanting with a social dimension. 八、完形填空 （湖南沅澧共同体2025-2026学年高二上学期期未）Kelydra’s father is a chemist, and her mother is a biologist. Kelydra learns how the world works by doing science 1 . She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t. “That’s how I learned about photosynthesis,” she says. “You need 2 to grow things.” Kelydra was 15 when news broke about a 3 in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer. People were angry and 4 . Kelydra wondered what she could do to help. Like any good scientist, she started by 5 the problem. Then she learned something that really shocked her. This substance had been 6 the water for 50 years! And it wasn’t just a 7 problem in her river. Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers. “Everybody has this in their blood,” says Kelydra. But she didn’t just want to measure the problem — she wanted to 8 it. Kelydra developed a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water — and she got a 9 for it. The patent registration cost her $1,020.80. How did she 10 for it? “I have always 11 cans along the back country roads and taken them to 12 centers. It took more than 50,000 cans to get that kind of money!” The system is being used by people in her community, and she hopes that some day it will be used more 13 . After finishing high school, Kelydra went to college, where she is studying 14 . “I hope to expand my horizons. Technology helped create our 15 , and meanwhile technology can help solve them. I want to be part of that effort.” 1．A．experiments B．tasks C．projects D．investigations 2．A．water B．air C．heat D．light 3．A．vitamin B．chemical C．waste D．poison 4．A．scared B．relieved C．bored D．thrilled 5．A．solving B．stating C．creating D．researching 6．A．purifying B．storing C．polluting D．lightening 7．A．local B．serious C．consistent D．minor 8．A．address B．change C．control D．abandon 9．A．reward B．patent C．prize D．medal 10．A．ask B．long C．pay D．live 11．A．picked up B．piled up C．thrown away D．thrown in 12．A．shopping B．recycling C．fishing D．hiking 13．A．happily B．frequently C．widely D．freely 14．A．literature B．architecture C．physics D．chemistry 15．A．debts B．assignments C．troubles D．chances 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】 1. along with 2. have an impact on 3. refer to 4. be trapped in 5. deal with 6. take responsibility for 7. result in 8. take measures 9. not only…but also… 10. be shocked by 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 【答案】 1. graph 2. emissions 3. melt 4. ecology 5. comprehensive 6. worldwide 7. trend 8. broadcast 9. policy 10. footprint 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】 1. dramatic 2. global 3. starvation 4. habitable 5. sustainable6. comprehensive 7. frequently 8. restricted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】 1. There is little/no doubt that 2. There is evidence that 3. causing many plants to grow badly 4. If you had followed 5. It is a good way to read 五、语法填空 【答案】 1. on2. was shocked 3. to have died 4. which 5. enters6.keeping7. a 8. quickly 9.disasters10. worse 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了美国塑料污染问题的严重性，指出当前策略的不足，并强调需要技术创新来解决塑料污染问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nearly 90% of U.S. states are failing to properly address plastic pollution, indicating clearly a system failure in a new report by the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. generates 40 million metric tons of plastic waste every year, or about 287 pounds per person. And every year, that mountain of waste grows by another 11 million tons worldwide.(海洋保护协会的一份新报告显示，近90%的美国各州未能妥善处理塑料污染问题，这清楚地表明了系统性的失败。美国每年产生4000万吨塑料垃圾，即每人约287磅。而且，每年全球的垃圾山还会再增加1100万吨。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过列举“90%的美国各州未能妥善处理塑料污染问题”“美国每年产生4000万吨塑料垃圾”“每人约287磅”和“每年全球的垃圾山还会再增加1100万吨”等数字，呈现了美国塑料污染问题的严重性。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Take Mississippi — with almost no laws addressing plastic waste. The Mississippi River, the largest watershed in the U.S., has become a major pipeline for pollution to go into the Gulf of Mexico. Meanwhile, California has invested heavily in laws and bans, but at a high economic cost and with limited nationwide impact.(以密西西比州为例，该州几乎没有针对塑料垃圾的法律。密西西比河是美国最大的流域，已经成为污染进入墨西哥湾的主要通道。与此同时，加州在法律和禁令方面投入了大量资金，但经济成本高昂，且在全国范围内影响有限。)”可知，作者在第三段中通过对比密西西比州和加州在处理塑料污染问题上的不同做法和结果，强调了当前一些策略的无效性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“No deal has been agreed upon yet, but we are watching closely to see what will happen after the negotiations finish next week.(目前尚未达成任何协议，但我们正密切关注下周谈判结束后的进展。)”和下文“What we need is technology that works smoothly with existing consumer behavior and market forces.(我们需要的是能够与现有消费者行为和市场力量顺畅适配的技术。)”可知，即便谈判取得成功，显然仅靠政策也无法解决这一问题。由此可知，manifest意为“明显的，清晰的”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather than hope consumers change their habits or wait for governments to act, we need to upgrade innovations that process all waste, including the unsorted and organic, and change it into a product that’s actually useful. That’s what we need: not more clean-up campaigns, but real circular solutions.(与其希望消费者改变习惯或等待政府采取行动，我们需要升级创新，处理所有废物，包括未分类的和有机的废物，并将其转化为真正有用的产品。这就是我们所需要的：不是更多的清理活动，而是真正的循环解决方案。)”可知，作者建议改进创新，将废物转化为有用的产品。故选C。 七、七选五 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地城市通过在墙壁和屋顶进行绿化种植项目，不仅降低了城市温度，还带来了其他多种益处。 1．上文“In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day.(在世界上的某些城市，由于墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目，在所谓的街道峡谷中最热月份的温度在一天中最热的时候可以降低3.6℃到11.3℃)”说明墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目有降温作用。下文“They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc.(这些因素包括保护生物多样性、提升福祉、吸引居民以及适应社会环境等)”列举了保护生物多样性、提升幸福感等其他作用，空处承上启下，引出下文多种益处。所以E项“绿色空间还被证明具有其他功能。”符合语境。故选E。 2．上文“The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark.(那里令人印象深刻的人造树“森林”是新加坡的地标)”说明新加坡的人造树“森林”是地标。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍人造树的结构。所以D项“这些树由混凝土和钢铁制成，上面覆盖着真正的植物。”符合语境。故选D。 3．下文“With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year.(周围都是建筑物，下面交通繁忙，它每年种植超过45吨的有机农产品)”说明有一个农场。空处和后文为总分关系，说明在纽约有一个农场。所以A项“纽约的屋顶上藏着一个农场。”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards.(麦德林是哥伦比亚第二大城市，拥有“绿色通道”，这为该市赢得了赞誉和奖项)”说明麦德林有“绿色通道”。下文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气)”提到了这个组合的作用，空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍“绿色通道”的作用。所以F项“它们与公园和花园等现有的绿色空间相结合。”符合语境，该项中的“are combined with”和下文中的“The combination”相呼应。故选F。 5．上文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气。蜜蜂和鸟儿回来了，居民们很满意，园艺工作也创造了就业机会)”说明“绿色通道”带来了很多好处。总结全段，高度评价该项目。所以G项“这是具有社会层面的城市重新种植的较好例子之一。”符合语境。故选G。 八、完形填空 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述凯莉德拉受父母影响热爱科学，发现家乡水源被污染后，研发净水系统并申请专利，立志用科技解决环境问题的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉通过做科学实验来了解世界的运行方式。A. experiments实验；B. tasks任务；C. projects项目；D. investigations调查。根据后文“She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t.”可知，凯莉德拉在幼儿园时就做过第一个尝试在黑暗中种植海藻的操作，这是科学实验，因此她通过做实验了解世界。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要光才能种植植物。A. water水；B. air空气；C. heat热量；D. light光。根据前文“She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t. “That’s how I learned about photosynthesis,” she says.”可知，凯莉德拉尝试在黑暗中种植海藻失败，由此学会了光合作用，而光合作用需要光，因此种植植物需要光。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉15岁时，镇上水源供应中出现一种可能致癌的化学物质的消息传开了。A. vitamin维生素；B. chemical化学物质；C. waste废物；D. poison毒药。根据后文“Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers.”可知，全国多家公司都在向河流中倾倒这种物质，且该物质是“chemical”，为原词复现，指水源中的化学物质可能致癌。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们既愤怒又害怕。A. scared害怕的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. bored无聊的；D. thrilled兴奋的。根据前文“a chemical in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer”可知，水源中的化学物质可能致癌，这关系到人们的健康，因此人们除了愤怒，还会感到害怕。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像所有优秀的科学家一样，她从研究这个问题开始。A. solving解决；B. stating陈述；C. creating创造；D. researching研究。根据前文“Kelydra wondered what she could do to help”以及科学家的做事逻辑可知，凯莉德拉想帮忙，首先做的是研究这个水源污染问题，research符合语境。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种物质已经污染水源50年了！A. purifying净化；B. storing储存；C. polluting污染；D. lightening减轻。根据前文“a chemical in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer”可知，这种化学物质会导致癌症，对人体有害，因此是污染了水源。故选C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且这不仅仅是她家乡河流的局部问题。A. local局部的、当地的；B. serious严重的；C. consistent一致的；D. minor次要的。根据后文“Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers.”可知，全国多家公司都在倾倒这种化学物质，说明这不是凯莉德拉家乡独有的局部问题，而是更广泛的问题。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她不只想衡量这个问题——她还想解决它。A. address解决、处理；B. change改变；C. control控制；D. abandon放弃。根据后文“Kelydra developed a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water”可知，凯莉德拉研发了家用饮用水处理系统，目的是解决水源污染的问题。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉研发了一套人们可以用来处理自家饮用水的系统——并且为此获得了一项专利。A. reward奖励；B. patent专利；C. prize奖品；D. medal奖牌。根据后文“The patent registration cost her $1,020.80.”可知，凯莉德拉为这项系统支付了专利注册费，因此她获得了这项系统的专利，patent为原词复现。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是如何支付这笔费用的？A. ask询问；B. long渴望；C. pay支付；D. live生活。根据前文“The patent registration cost her $1,020.80.”以及后文凯莉德拉收集罐头换钱可知，此处是问她如何支付专利注册费。故选C项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我总是沿着乡村小路捡罐头盒，然后把它们送到回收中心。”A. picked up捡起；B. piled up堆积；C. thrown away扔掉；D. thrown in扔进。根据后文“and taken them to ________ centers.”可知，凯莉德拉要把罐头送到回收中心，前提是先捡起路边的罐头盒，picked up符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我总是沿着乡村小路捡罐头盒，然后把它们送到回收中心。”A. shopping购物；B. recycling回收；C. fishing钓鱼；D. hiking徒步。根据前文“I have always ________ cans along the back country roads”以及常识可知，捡来的罐头盒要送到回收中心进行回收利用。故选B项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个系统正在她的社区里被人们使用，她希望有一天它能被更广泛地使用。A. happily开心地；B. frequently频繁地；C. widely广泛地；D. freely自由地。根据前文“The system is being used by people in her community”可知，系统目前只在她的社区使用，因此她希望未来能被更多地方、更多人使用，即更广泛地使用，widely符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，凯莉德拉进入了大学，在那里她学习化学。A. literature文学；B. architecture建筑学；C. physics物理学；D. chemistry化学。根据前文“Kelydra’s father is a chemist”以及后文“Technology helped create our _______ , and meanwhile technology can help solve them.”可知，凯莉德拉的父亲是化学家，且她立志用科技解决污染问题，化学与她的目标相关，因此她在大学学习化学。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“科技帮助制造了我们的麻烦，同时科技也能帮助解决它们。”A. debts债务；B. assignments作业；C. troubles麻烦；D. chances机会。根据前文凯莉德拉家乡水源被化学物质污染，以及她用自己研发的系统解决污染问题可知，此处指科技既制造了麻烦，也能解决麻烦，troubles符合语境。故选C项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 与……一起；连同__________________ 2. 对……产生影响__________________ 3. 指的是；提及；参考__________________ 4. 被困在……中；陷入__________________ 5. 处理；应对__________________ 6. 对……负责__________________ 7. 导致；造成__________________ 8. 采取措施__________________ 9. 不仅……而且……__________________ 10. 对……感到震惊__________________ 【答案】 1. along with 2. have an impact on 3. refer to 4. be trapped in 5. deal with 6. take responsibility for 7. result in 8. take measures 9. not only…but also… 10. be shocked by 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The latest ________（图表）clearly presents the changes in economic data over the past ten years. 2. Many factories are trying their best to control the ________（排放）to protect the environment. 3. When the weather gets warm, the ice will begin to ________（融化）into water slowly. 4. It's very important for us to keep the balance of the global ________（生态）system. 5. This book gives a ________（全面的）introduction to the history and culture of this old city. 6. This famous writer has a ________（世界各地的）group of readers and his works are popular. 7. More and more people prefer healthy lifestyles, which is a new ________（趋势）nowadays. 8. The wonderful sports meeting will be ________（播放）live on TV and the Internet tonight. 9. The new educational ________（政策）has brought many good changes to schools and students. 10. We should take action to reduce our carbon ________（足迹）and live a green life. 【答案】 1. graph 2. emissions 3. melt 4. ecology 5. comprehensive 6. worldwide 7. trend 8. broadcast 9. policy 10. footprint 三、单句语法填空。 1. There has been a ________(drama) change in people’s lifestyle in the past few decades. 2. Climate change has become a ________(globe) problem that draws worldwide attention. 3. Millions of people suffer from ________(starve) because of food shortage every year. 4. Scientists are searching for a ________(habit) planet suitable for human living. 5. We must take ________(sustain) development to protect our earth for future generations. 6. The report gives a ________(comprehend) analysis of the current economic situation. 7. This kind of mistake happens ________(frequent) if you are not careful enough. 8. The use of cars should be ________(restrict) to reduce air pollution in big cities. 【答案】 1. dramatic 2. global 3. starvation 4. habitable 5. sustainable6. comprehensive 7. frequently 8. restricted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 毫无疑问，坚持环保生活方式对我们的健康和地球都大有好处。 ________________________ living a green lifestyle benefits our health and the earth greatly. 2. 有证据表明，过度使用塑料正在严重威胁着海洋生物的生存环境。 ________________________ overusing plastics is seriously threatening the living environment of sea life. 3. 气温持续下降，导致许多植物在寒冷天气中无法正常生长。 The temperature kept dropping, ________________________ in such cold weather. 4. 如果当时你听从了专家的建议，就不会遇到这么多麻烦了。 ________________________ the expert’s advice, you wouldn’t have met so much trouble. 5. 每天阅读半小时英语文章是提高语言能力的好方法。 ________________________ English articles for half an hour every day to improve our language skills. 【答案】 1. There is little/no doubt that 2. There is evidence that 3. causing many plants to grow badly 4. If you had followed 5. It is a good way to read 五、语法填空 In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1. animals. In 2013, the whole world 2. (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the rise in temperature, the polar bear seemed 3. (die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 4. is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5. (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6. (keep)Earth’s climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 7. big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise 8. (quick). The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 9. (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10. (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 【答案】 1. on2. was shocked 3. to have died 4. which 5. enters6.keeping7. a 8. quickly 9.disasters10. worse 六、阅读理解 （安徽部分学校联考2025-2026学年高二下学期3月开学考试）Nearly 90% of U.S. states are failing to properly address plastic pollution, indicating clearly a system failure in a new report by the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. generates 40 million metric tons of plastic waste every year, or about 287 pounds per person. And every year, that mountain of waste grows by another 11 million tons worldwide. We don’t lack awareness of the issue. Instead, we’ve employed strategies that don’t work. While plastics have changed modern life with their various uses, our waste management systems have never developed to deal with them. The result: blocked rivers, growing landfills, and a lot of ineffective state policies. Take Mississippi—with almost no laws addressing plastic waste. The Mississippi River, the largest watershed in the U.S., has become a major pipeline for pollution to go into the Gulf of Mexico. Meanwhile, California has invested (投资) heavily in laws and bans, but at a high economic cost and with limited nationwide impact. Recycling, often advertised as the basis of circularity(循环), is failing us. Around the world, only 9% of plastic is actually recycled. That’s because the current system depends on unrealistic levels of sorting at the household level. If any item is polluted with leftover food or the last drops of a beauty product, it is likely to end up in the landfill. Even in Europe, with more advanced infrastructure(基础建设), the vast majority of plastic waste is still abandoned. For nearly three years, negotiations(协商) have been underway for the Global Plastics Treaty to address plastic waste by uplifting circular economies. No deal has been agreed upon yet, but we are watching closely to see what will happen after the negotiations finish next week. Even if they are successful, it’s manifest that policy alone won’t solve this problem. What we need is technology that works smoothly with existing consumer behavior and market forces. Rather than hope consumers change their habits or wait for governments to act, we need to upgrade innovations that process all waste, including the unsorted and organic, and change it into a product that’s actually useful. That’s what we need: not more clean-up campaigns, but real circular solutions. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By presenting figures. B．By explaining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By stating cause and effect. 2．What does the author try to show by mentioning California? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The ineffectiveness of some strategies. C．The necessity of making laws. D．The harm of plastic pollution. 3．What does the underlined word “manifest” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Clear. B．Necessary. C．Fitting. D．Surprising. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for solving plastic pollution? A．Guide consumers to develop waste-sorting habits. B．Carry out clean-up movements with recycling organizations. C．Improve innovations to turn the waste into useful products. D．Push governments to invest in waste treatment technology. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了美国塑料污染问题的严重性，指出当前策略的不足，并强调需要技术创新来解决塑料污染问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nearly 90% of U.S. states are failing to properly address plastic pollution, indicating clearly a system failure in a new report by the Ocean Conservancy. The U.S. generates 40 million metric tons of plastic waste every year, or about 287 pounds per person. And every year, that mountain of waste grows by another 11 million tons worldwide.(海洋保护协会的一份新报告显示，近90%的美国各州未能妥善处理塑料污染问题，这清楚地表明了系统性的失败。美国每年产生4000万吨塑料垃圾，即每人约287磅。而且，每年全球的垃圾山还会再增加1100万吨。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过列举“90%的美国各州未能妥善处理塑料污染问题”“美国每年产生4000万吨塑料垃圾”“每人约287磅”和“每年全球的垃圾山还会再增加1100万吨”等数字，呈现了美国塑料污染问题的严重性。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Take Mississippi — with almost no laws addressing plastic waste. The Mississippi River, the largest watershed in the U.S., has become a major pipeline for pollution to go into the Gulf of Mexico. Meanwhile, California has invested heavily in laws and bans, but at a high economic cost and with limited nationwide impact.(以密西西比州为例，该州几乎没有针对塑料垃圾的法律。密西西比河是美国最大的流域，已经成为污染进入墨西哥湾的主要通道。与此同时，加州在法律和禁令方面投入了大量资金，但经济成本高昂，且在全国范围内影响有限。)”可知，作者在第三段中通过对比密西西比州和加州在处理塑料污染问题上的不同做法和结果，强调了当前一些策略的无效性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“No deal has been agreed upon yet, but we are watching closely to see what will happen after the negotiations finish next week.(目前尚未达成任何协议，但我们正密切关注下周谈判结束后的进展。)”和下文“What we need is technology that works smoothly with existing consumer behavior and market forces.(我们需要的是能够与现有消费者行为和市场力量顺畅适配的技术。)”可知，即便谈判取得成功，显然仅靠政策也无法解决这一问题。由此可知，manifest意为“明显的，清晰的”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather than hope consumers change their habits or wait for governments to act, we need to upgrade innovations that process all waste, including the unsorted and organic, and change it into a product that’s actually useful. That’s what we need: not more clean-up campaigns, but real circular solutions.(与其希望消费者改变习惯或等待政府采取行动，我们需要升级创新，处理所有废物，包括未分类的和有机的废物，并将其转化为真正有用的产品。这就是我们所需要的：不是更多的清理活动，而是真正的循环解决方案。)”可知，作者建议改进创新，将废物转化为有用的产品。故选C。 七、七选五 （重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第一中学校2027届高二上学期期期未）In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day. 1 They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc. Singapore has an otherworldly garden. The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark. 2 25 to 50 meters tall in the city-state’s new business district, the 18 Solar Super-trees light up the night sky, their canopies looking like flying dishes. Vast glass greenhouses also showcase plants from five continents, which are complete with an artificial mountain and indoor waterfall. 3 With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year. In a built-up city, it has been found that such programs are “fighting effectively against heat islands”. Now covering three rooftops and totaling more than 22,000 square meters, the farm grows a wide variety of vegetables. Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards. 4 The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created. 5 A．On a New York rooftop hides a farm. B．From floor to ceiling, produce grows at an upright farm. C．It’s a building attracting other countries’ attention. D．The trees are made from concrete and steel and covered with real plants. E．Green spaces have also been shown to serve other functions. F．They are combined with the existing green spaces such as parks and gardens. G．It’s one of the better examples of urban replanting with a social dimension. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地城市通过在墙壁和屋顶进行绿化种植项目，不仅降低了城市温度，还带来了其他多种益处。 1．上文“In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day.(在世界上的某些城市，由于墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目，在所谓的街道峡谷中最热月份的温度在一天中最热的时候可以降低3.6℃到11.3℃)”说明墙壁和屋顶上的种植项目有降温作用。下文“They include preserving biodiversity, improving well-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context etc.(这些因素包括保护生物多样性、提升福祉、吸引居民以及适应社会环境等)”列举了保护生物多样性、提升幸福感等其他作用，空处承上启下，引出下文多种益处。所以E项“绿色空间还被证明具有其他功能。”符合语境。故选E。 2．上文“The impressive “forest” of huge man-made trees there is a Singapore landmark.(那里令人印象深刻的人造树“森林”是新加坡的地标)”说明新加坡的人造树“森林”是地标。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍人造树的结构。所以D项“这些树由混凝土和钢铁制成，上面覆盖着真正的植物。”符合语境。故选D。 3．下文“With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year.(周围都是建筑物，下面交通繁忙，它每年种植超过45吨的有机农产品)”说明有一个农场。空处和后文为总分关系，说明在纽约有一个农场。所以A项“纽约的屋顶上藏着一个农场。”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“Medellin, Colombia’s second-biggest city, has its “green passages”, which have earned the city both praise and awards.(麦德林是哥伦比亚第二大城市，拥有“绿色通道”，这为该市赢得了赞誉和奖项)”说明麦德林有“绿色通道”。下文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气)”提到了这个组合的作用，空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步介绍“绿色通道”的作用。所以F项“它们与公园和花园等现有的绿色空间相结合。”符合语境，该项中的“are combined with”和下文中的“The combination”相呼应。故选F。 5．上文“The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air. Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created.(这种组合使温度降低了2℃，并有助于净化空气。蜜蜂和鸟儿回来了，居民们很满意，园艺工作也创造了就业机会)”说明“绿色通道”带来了很多好处。总结全段，高度评价该项目。所以G项“这是具有社会层面的城市重新种植的较好例子之一。”符合语境。故选G。 八、完形填空 （湖南沅澧共同体2025-2026学年高二上学期期未）Kelydra’s father is a chemist, and her mother is a biologist. Kelydra learns how the world works by doing science 1 . She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t. “That’s how I learned about photosynthesis,” she says. “You need 2 to grow things.” Kelydra was 15 when news broke about a 3 in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer. People were angry and 4 . Kelydra wondered what she could do to help. Like any good scientist, she started by 5 the problem. Then she learned something that really shocked her. This substance had been 6 the water for 50 years! And it wasn’t just a 7 problem in her river. Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers. “Everybody has this in their blood,” says Kelydra. But she didn’t just want to measure the problem — she wanted to 8 it. Kelydra developed a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water — and she got a 9 for it. The patent registration cost her $1,020.80. How did she 10 for it? “I have always 11 cans along the back country roads and taken them to 12 centers. It took more than 50,000 cans to get that kind of money!” The system is being used by people in her community, and she hopes that some day it will be used more 13 . After finishing high school, Kelydra went to college, where she is studying 14 . “I hope to expand my horizons. Technology helped create our 15 , and meanwhile technology can help solve them. I want to be part of that effort.” 1．A．experiments B．tasks C．projects D．investigations 2．A．water B．air C．heat D．light 3．A．vitamin B．chemical C．waste D．poison 4．A．scared B．relieved C．bored D．thrilled 5．A．solving B．stating C．creating D．researching 6．A．purifying B．storing C．polluting D．lightening 7．A．local B．serious C．consistent D．minor 8．A．address B．change C．control D．abandon 9．A．reward B．patent C．prize D．medal 10．A．ask B．long C．pay D．live 11．A．picked up B．piled up C．thrown away D．thrown in 12．A．shopping B．recycling C．fishing D．hiking 13．A．happily B．frequently C．widely D．freely 14．A．literature B．architecture C．physics D．chemistry 15．A．debts B．assignments C．troubles D．chances 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述凯莉德拉受父母影响热爱科学，发现家乡水源被污染后，研发净水系统并申请专利，立志用科技解决环境问题的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉通过做科学实验来了解世界的运行方式。A. experiments实验；B. tasks任务；C. projects项目；D. investigations调查。根据后文“She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t.”可知，凯莉德拉在幼儿园时就做过第一个尝试在黑暗中种植海藻的操作，这是科学实验，因此她通过做实验了解世界。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要光才能种植植物。A. water水；B. air空气；C. heat热量；D. light光。根据前文“She was in kindergarten when she performed her first one, with an attempt to see if she could grow algae (海藻) in the dark, but she couldn’t. “That’s how I learned about photosynthesis,” she says.”可知，凯莉德拉尝试在黑暗中种植海藻失败，由此学会了光合作用，而光合作用需要光，因此种植植物需要光。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉15岁时，镇上水源供应中出现一种可能致癌的化学物质的消息传开了。A. vitamin维生素；B. chemical化学物质；C. waste废物；D. poison毒药。根据后文“Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers.”可知，全国多家公司都在向河流中倾倒这种物质，且该物质是“chemical”，为原词复现，指水源中的化学物质可能致癌。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们既愤怒又害怕。A. scared害怕的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. bored无聊的；D. thrilled兴奋的。根据前文“a chemical in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer”可知，水源中的化学物质可能致癌，这关系到人们的健康，因此人们除了愤怒，还会感到害怕。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像所有优秀的科学家一样，她从研究这个问题开始。A. solving解决；B. stating陈述；C. creating创造；D. researching研究。根据前文“Kelydra wondered what she could do to help”以及科学家的做事逻辑可知，凯莉德拉想帮忙，首先做的是研究这个水源污染问题，research符合语境。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种物质已经污染水源50年了！A. purifying净化；B. storing储存；C. polluting污染；D. lightening减轻。根据前文“a chemical in her town’s water supply that might cause cancer”可知，这种化学物质会导致癌症，对人体有害，因此是污染了水源。故选C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且这不仅仅是她家乡河流的局部问题。A. local局部的、当地的；B. serious严重的；C. consistent一致的；D. minor次要的。根据后文“Companies all over the country had been dumping the chemical into their rivers.”可知，全国多家公司都在倾倒这种化学物质，说明这不是凯莉德拉家乡独有的局部问题，而是更广泛的问题。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她不只想衡量这个问题——她还想解决它。A. address解决、处理；B. change改变；C. control控制；D. abandon放弃。根据后文“Kelydra developed a system that people could use to treat their own household drinking water”可知，凯莉德拉研发了家用饮用水处理系统，目的是解决水源污染的问题。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯莉德拉研发了一套人们可以用来处理自家饮用水的系统——并且为此获得了一项专利。A. reward奖励；B. patent专利；C. prize奖品；D. medal奖牌。根据后文“The patent registration cost her $1,020.80.”可知，凯莉德拉为这项系统支付了专利注册费，因此她获得了这项系统的专利，patent为原词复现。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是如何支付这笔费用的？A. ask询问；B. long渴望；C. pay支付；D. live生活。根据前文“The patent registration cost her $1,020.80.”以及后文凯莉德拉收集罐头换钱可知，此处是问她如何支付专利注册费。故选C项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我总是沿着乡村小路捡罐头盒，然后把它们送到回收中心。”A. picked up捡起；B. piled up堆积；C. thrown away扔掉；D. thrown in扔进。根据后文“and taken them to ________ centers.”可知，凯莉德拉要把罐头送到回收中心，前提是先捡起路边的罐头盒，picked up符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我总是沿着乡村小路捡罐头盒，然后把它们送到回收中心。”A. shopping购物；B. recycling回收；C. fishing钓鱼；D. hiking徒步。根据前文“I have always ________ cans along the back country roads”以及常识可知，捡来的罐头盒要送到回收中心进行回收利用。故选B项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个系统正在她的社区里被人们使用，她希望有一天它能被更广泛地使用。A. happily开心地；B. frequently频繁地；C. widely广泛地；D. freely自由地。根据前文“The system is being used by people in her community”可知，系统目前只在她的社区使用，因此她希望未来能被更多地方、更多人使用，即更广泛地使用，widely符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，凯莉德拉进入了大学，在那里她学习化学。A. literature文学；B. architecture建筑学；C. physics物理学；D. chemistry化学。根据前文“Kelydra’s father is a chemist”以及后文“Technology helped create our _______ , and meanwhile technology can help solve them.”可知，凯莉德拉的父亲是化学家，且她立志用科技解决污染问题，化学与她的目标相关，因此她在大学学习化学。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“科技帮助制造了我们的麻烦，同时科技也能帮助解决它们。”A. debts债务；B. assignments作业；C. troubles麻烦；D. chances机会。根据前文凯莉德拉家乡水源被化学物质污染，以及她用自己研发的系统解决污染问题可知，此处指科技既制造了麻烦，也能解决麻烦，troubles符合语境。故选C项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $