Unit 5 Learning from Nature Starting out & Understanding ideas 分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Starting out & Understanding ideas 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Scientists are constantly exploring the f　　　　　　 of space,hoping to discover new planets and galaxies.  2.The art exhibition displayed a series of s　　　　　　 paintings that left a deep impression on the visitors.  3.Planting more trees helps reduce carbon 　　　　　(二氧化物) in the atmosphere.  4.After the heavy rain,the ants quickly rebuilt their 　　　　　　(土堆),busily carrying bits of dirt and twigs.  5.Some insects can 　　　(模仿) the appearance of leaves to avoid being eaten by predators. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The 　　　　　　(architect) of the Forbidden City in Beijing is a remarkable example of ancient Chinese design.  2.The 　　　　　　(convert) of the abandoned railway station into a cultural center showcases innovative architectural ideas.  3.The government should respond 　　　　　　the citizens’ concerns about environmental protection.  4.The local festival is celebrated 　　　　　　　a unique way,with traditional dances and music that have been passed down for generations.  5.The modern villas are built 　　　　　　harmony with the surrounding mountains and forests.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.我们常常理所当然地接受父母的爱与关怀,却没有意识到他们为我们付出了多少。 We often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,without realizing how much they sacrifice for us.  2.正是去年夏天,我在游览古镇时学会了欣赏传统建筑的美。(强调句型) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I learned to appreciate the beauty of traditional architecture while visiting the ancient town.  3.作者在那本书里描述了家庭的重要性,该书深深影响了很多读者。(“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句) The book,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,has deeply influenced many readers.  4.他在公园散步时,发现一个小男孩在呼救。(状语从句的省略) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he found a little boy crying for help.  5.爱护好环境是每个人的责任。(动词-ing形式作主语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is everyone’s responsibility.  Ⅳ.情景微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.多年来,人类一直理所当然地享用着大自然的资源。(take...for granted) For years,humans 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.他们污染河流、毫不犹豫地砍伐森林,而且不加珍惜地过度利用自然资源。 They polluted rivers,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and overused natural resources without care.  3.当极端天气和野生动物灭绝开始威胁到我们的生存时,我们终于开始应对这一紧迫的局面。(respond to) When extreme weather and wildlife extinction started to threaten our existence,we finally 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.意识到我们的生存应该建立在尊重自然的基础之上,我们必须共同努力,将有害的行为转变为可持续的方式。(be based on,convert...into) Realizing that our survival should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must make joint efforts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.只有与自然和谐相处,我们才能重建一个平衡的生态系统,并为子孙后代确保一个健康的地球。(in harmony with) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can we rebuild a balanced ecosystem and ensure a healthy planet for future generations.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的“倡议书”的应用文片段(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2025河北衡水高二期末) Raised on the farm,Padma Suresh had a love for agriculture just like her father.Young Padma would spend most of her evening after school in the fields,learning the art of organic farming. After moving to the city,she began missing the farm.Faced with the limited space,Padma felt the absence of fresh vegetables.Besides,she was disappointed with the taste and quality of shop-bought vegetables.Because chemicals used on vegetables were harmful to human health,she finally decided to take matters into her own hands and change her yard into a vegetable garden. Now 48,Padma has devoted the past 12 years to developing a garden with 200 plants of 20 varieties of vegetables.She relies on natural fertilizers (肥料).Additionally,she uses creative organic farming methods like preparing liquid fertilizers from fish. Her husband Suresh Ettan,who is now working in an oil and gas company,said,“As I don’t eat meat,I have limited food choices in the city.Now every morning,my wife sends me a good breakfast.Apart from that,she also shares the photos of her day’s harvest.I take pride in showing those photos to my colleagues.” For Padma,the garden has become a source of joy and also a link to her rural roots.Padma says she finds connection to her village through the traditional recipes and taste of homegrown vegetables.More importantly,by growing her own food,the gardener has not only found a way to provide a supply of organic vegetables for her family but also a way to earn some money.Earning money was what she didn’t expect.Padma says she has a small shop where she sells extra vegetables.Within an hour,all her vegetables are sold out.This organic farming business earns her up to Rs 1,000. 1.When did Padma develop her love for organic farming? A.After she moved to the city. B.When she helped on the farm. C.After she graduated from school. D.When she lacked fresh vegetables. 2.Which words can best describe Padma? A.Warm-hearted and confident. B.Generous and gifted. C.Creative and hard-working. D.Responsible and organized. 3.How does Suresh Ettan feel about his wife’s farm? A.The farm makes his life busy. B.The farm offers him rich food. C.The farm costs lots of his money. D.The farm prevents him eating meat. 4.What unexpected benefit has been brought to Padma? A.Some additional income. B.Good neighbour relationship. C.Fresh vegetables for her family. D.A connection with her hometown. B (2025安徽芜湖高二期末) Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona,in north-eastern Spain,for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town.There are injuries and deaths every year,but the event is of interest to many people.A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore.Architects,civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞).Unfortunately,solid information is hard to obtain.Daniel Parisi,the paper’s lead author,realized that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr.Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2022,and filmed the runners as the animals were released.Later in the lab,they calculated the speed of the runners,the density(密度) of the crowd,the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly,the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near.Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd,which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death. Yet it seems that,in the heat of the moment,people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other,and do not slow down.The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how to best plan the construction of future tunnels,bridges and other passages that restrict the flow.The only option may well be to make them wider. 5.What does the paper concentrate on? A.How six fighting bulls appeal to so many people. B.How bull-runs cause injuries and deaths every year. C.How six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. D.How bull-runs affect frightened people’s minds and behaviours. 6.Why was the Pamplona bull-runs chosen for the experiment? A.To help participants better understand city planning. B.To ensure more meaningful activities in the future. C.To offer constructive advice on avoiding disasters. D.To collect reliable data from the panicked crowds. 7.How did Dr.Parisi and his team carry out their research? A.By observing the event and analyzing the information. B.By using the method of reasoning and judging. C.By consulting the organizers of the bull-runs. D.By doing experiments with some volunteers. 8.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A.People tend to slow down in high-density crowds. B.Finding out the truth has a profound impact on urban design. C.People in panicked crowds focus more on the potential danger. D.Speeding up in high-density crowds is the only way to avoid danger. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.insight n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.psychology n.　　　　　　　　　　　  3.assumption n.　　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.root 本文义:n.　　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　  2.heat本文义:n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.find connection to her village 　　　　　　　　　　　  2.a long-held assumption　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  四、长难句分析 Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd,which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up,in order to lower the risk of a collision,which could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death. 分析:这是一个包含多个从句的复合句。Less expected was the finding是一个　　　　　　句;两个that引导　　　　　　从句,分别修饰　　　　　　和　　　　　　;两个which引导　　　　　　　　从句。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.frontiers　2.super　3.dioxide　4.mound　5.mimic Ⅱ.1.architecture　2.conversion　3.to　4.in　5.in Ⅲ.1.take the love and care from our parents for granted　2.It was last summer that　3.in which the author describes the importance of family　4.While walking in the park　5.Taking good care of the environment Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.took nature’s resources for granted　2.cut down forests without hesitation　3.began to respond to the urgent situation 4.be based on respecting nature;to convert harmful practices into sustainable methods　5.Only by living in harmony with nature Activity 2 For years,humans took nature’s resources for granted,polluting rivers,cutting down forests without hesitation,and overusing natural resources without care.When extreme weather and wildlife extinction started to threaten our existence,we finally began to respond to the urgent situation.Realizing that our survival should be based on respecting nature,we must make joint efforts to convert harmful practices into sustainable methods.Only by living in harmony with nature can we rebuild a balanced ecosystem and ensure a healthy planet for future generations. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Padma Suresh从小热爱有机农业,搬到城市后对农场生活充满怀念,于是将自家院子改造成菜园,不仅为家人提供有机蔬菜,还意外获得了额外收入的故事。 1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,Padma在农场帮忙时就培养了对有机农业的热爱。故选B项。 2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段提到Padma不仅勤奋地经营着自己的菜园,还有创造力地运用各种有机耕作方法。由此可知,最能描述Padma的词语是“有创造力的”和“勤奋的”。故选C项。 3.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“As I don’t eat meat,I have limited food choices in the city.Now every morning,my wife sends me a good breakfast.Apart from that,she also shares the photos of her day’s harvest.”可知,Suresh Ettan认为他妻子的农场为他提供了丰富的食物。故选B项。 4.A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“More importantly,by growing her own food,the gardener has not only found a way to provide a supply of organic vegetables for her family but also a way to earn some money.Earning money was what she didn’t expect.”可知,Padma获得的意想不到的好处是一些额外的收入。故选A项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇关于潘普洛纳奔牛节如何为研究恐慌人群的心理提供见解的论文,以及该研究对城市设计的影响。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...There are injuries and deaths every year,but the event is of interest to many people.A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.”可知,这篇论文关注的是奔牛如何影响恐慌人群的心理和行为。故选D项。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Architects,civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire,a flood or a terrorist attack...realized that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment.”可知,选择潘普洛纳奔牛节进行实验是为了从恐慌人群中收集可靠的数据。故选D项。 7.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“...and filmed the runners as the animals were released.Later in the lab,they calculated the speed of the runners,the density of the crowd,the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed.”可知,帕里西博士和他的团队是通过观察活动并分析信息来进行研究的。故选A项。 8.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Less expected was the finding...could lead to a fall and,perhaps,injury or death.”以及最后一段中“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how to best plan the construction of future tunnels,bridges and other passages that restrict the flow.The only option may well be to make them wider.”可知,这一发现对城市设计有着深远的影响,因为它挑战了长期以来的设计假设,并促使设计师重新考虑如何规划人流密集区域的通道建设。由此可推知,弄清楚真相对城市设计有深远影响。故选B项。 知识积累卡 一、1.洞察力;深刻见解;领悟　2.心理学;心理　3.假定;假设 二、1.根源,根基　根　2.(行动、情感等的)激烈,强烈　热,热量 三、1.找到与村庄的联系　2.一个长期以来持有的假设 四、倒装　同位语　finding　assumption　非限制性定语 更出乎意料的是这一发现:个体奔跑者的速度会随着人群密度的增加而加快,这与建筑和城市设计领域长期以来的一个假设相悖,该假设认为,随着群体密度的增加,人们会放慢脚步,以便降低碰撞的风险,而碰撞可能会导致摔倒,甚至可能造成受伤或死亡。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $