内容正文:
专题05 三大从句(宾从、定从、状从)(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 状语从句
考点二 宾语从句
考点三 定语从句
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,山东中考已全面弱化语法单项选择的考查,三大从句的考查同步融入语法填空/短文填空、完形填空等隐性考查形式,辅以完成句子、翻译句子等形式。此外,在写作中,考查三大从句的正确使用,只有及少数地区仍存在单项选择题对三大从句尤其是宾语从句的考查。
2.从命题内容上看,宾语从句和状语从句是考查重点,在山东中考中频繁出现。定语从句也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
状语从句
①山东枣庄·5题
②山东烟台·24题
①山东济南·45题
②山东枣庄·44题
①山东淄博·4题
②山东济宁·28题
宾语从句
①山东青岛·32题
②山东威海·42题
①山东泰安·33题
②山东东营·10题
①山东滨州·43题
②山东青岛·10题
定语从句
①山东泰安·34题
②山东滨州·44题
\
①山东潍坊·37题
命题预测
1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查动词时态和语态的运用,很少孤立考查语法规则。
2. 综合化:一道题中可能综合考查多个考点,如时态辨析结合被动语态,或与主谓一致、非谓语
动词等知识点结合。
3. 高频化:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态是考查频率最高的内容,需重点突破。
4. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉情境中运用动词时态和语态知识。
考点一 状语从句
1. (2025·枣庄卷)One day, 5 I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened.
A.if B.before C.when D.since
2. (2025·烟台卷)To Ceschi, these volunteers presented a real picture of China, as he later wrote in his book: “ 24 there are cultural differences, we can understand each other, and grow together. ”
A.Because B.Unless C.Until D.Although
3. (2024·济南卷) 45 the case is, I expect I’ll still be on the roads when I’m sixty!
A.Whatever B.Whoever C.However D.Whenever
4.(2024·枣庄卷)________ ________ it’s full of challenges to tell China’s stories in English, we should face them bravely.
尽管用英语讲中国故事充满挑战,但是我们应该勇敢面对。
5.(2023·淄博卷)“Grandma Kate told me, ‘Don’t throw away the stems (茎). 4 you put them in the ground, they will grow back’”
A.And B.If C.So D.Although
6.(2023·济宁卷) One day, 28 he was ready to start, an old man walked up to him.
· 状语从句的定义
状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等。
· 常见状语从句类型及引导词
类型
常见引导词
时间状语从句
when(当……时)、while(在……期间)、as(一边……一边)、before(在……之前)、after(在……之后)、since(自从)、until/till(直到……才)、as soon as(一……就);once....(一旦)
条件状语从句
if(如果)、unless(除非,如果不)、as long as(只要)
原因状语从句
because(因为)、since(既然)、as(由于)
让步状语从句
although/though(虽然)、even if/though(即使)、no matter + 疑问词(无论……)
目的状语从句
so that(以便)、in order that(为了)
结果状语从句
so...that(如此……以至于)、such...that(如此……以至于)
时间状语从句
· when(当……时)
When the bell rings, the class begins.(铃响时,上课开始。)
· while(在……期间,强调同时进行)
She listened to music while she was working.(她一边工作一边听音乐。)
when和while的区别:
when(可接瞬间动词或延续性动词),while(只能接延续性动词,强调同时进行)。
例:
When I saw him, he was running .(当我看到他时,他正在跑步。)
While I was reading , he was watching TV.(我在读书时,他在看电视。)
· as(一边……一边,或“随着”)
As he grew older, he became wiser.(随着年龄增长,他变得更聪明。)
As time goes by, she is becoming more and more tired. (随着时间的流逝,她变得越来越累了。)
· before(在……之前)
Finish your homework before you go out.(出去之前完成作业。)
· after(在……之后)
After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.(雨停后我们去散步了。)
· since(自从……以来)
He has lived here since he was a child.(他从小就住在这里。)
· until/till(直到……才)
肯定句 (直到……为止):I waited until he came .(我一直等到他来。)
否定句 (直到……才):I didn’t leave until he came .(直到他来,我才离开。)
常用固定句型:not...until... (直到……才)
· as soon as(一……就)
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.(我一到就给你打电话。)
· once(一旦……就)
Once you understand the rule, it’s easy.(一旦你理解了规则,就简单了。)
· 语法规则:
主将从现:I will call you as soon as I arrive .(我一到就给你打电话。)
条件状语从句
· if(如果)
If it rains, we will stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家。)
· unless(除非,如果不)
You won’t pass unless you study hard.(除非你努力学习,否则不会通过。)
区分:- if(如果)表示肯定条件,unless(除非=if not)表示否定条件。
- 例:You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.(= if you don’t study hard)
· as long as(只要)
You can succeed as long as you don’t give up.(只要不放弃,你就能成功。)
· 语法规则:
主将从现:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
原因状语从句
· because(因为,语气最强, 用来回答why的问题)
He was late because he missed the bus.(他迟到了,因为他没赶上公交。)
· since(既然,表已知原因)
Since you’re busy, I’ll help you.(既然你忙,我来帮你。)
· as(由于,语气较弱)
As it was getting dark, we hurried home.(由于天黑了,我们赶紧回家。)
让步状语从句
· although/though(虽然)
Although it was cold, he went swimming.(虽然天冷,他还是去游泳了。)
注意:❌(不能加 but)
· even if/though(即使)
Even if it’s hard, I’ll try.(即使很难,我也会尝试。)
· no matter + 疑问词(无论……)
No matter what happens, don’t give up.(无论发生什么,别放弃。)
目的状语从句
· so that(以便)
He got up early so that he could catch the train.(他早起以便赶上火车。)
· in order that(为了,更正式)
She saved money in order that she could buy a car.(她存钱是为了买车。)
结果状语从句
· so + 形容词/副词 + that ...(如此……以至于)
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.(箱子太重了,我抬不动。)
· such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that ....(如此……以至于)
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.(天太热了,我们待在室内。)
· 时间和条件状语从句须遵循主将从现原则。
· because 不能与 so 连用
· though /although 不能与 but 连用
· so that 后要加情态动词
· 先判从句类型:看引导词,定时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 让步 / 目的 / 结果
· 再看时态:主将从现优先,其他时态随主句
· 排查禁忌:because&so、though&but 不同时出现
1. 语境化考查:题干会设置具体情境,考查学生结合语境判断时间、条件、原因、让步等逻辑关系,考查引导词选择、时态呼应、固定结构。
2. 写作:高分句型来源用 if、when、so that、although 等提升表达档次。
考点二 宾语从句
1.(2025·青岛卷) If scientists know 32 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured.
2.(2025·威海卷)你知道人类最早是怎么取火的吗?
_____________________________________________
3.(2024·泰安卷)This might explain 33 dogs welcome him.
A.when B.what C.Why
4.(2024·东营卷)—Do you know _____?
—20-30 minutes, the experts suggest.
A.what we should eat for a meal B.where we should eat a meal
C.why we should not eat a meal too quickly D.how long we should spend eating a meal
5.(2023·滨州卷)These are interesting names, but they don’t really tell you 43 the dishes are like.
6.(2023·青岛卷)—Bob, could you tell me ________?
—Of course. Every day.
A.when the teacher will come B.why you keep a diary
C.how long you slept last night D.how often you exercise
· 宾语从句的概念
宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr. Green teaches English.
· 宾语从句三要素
引导词(连接词) 语 序 时 态
· 重难点掌握
(一)引导词
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略
I hear (that) you passed the exam.
2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句(重点掌握)
if/ whether “是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。
I want to know whether/if he is right.
3.由连接代词: Who, whom, whose, which, what和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句。
这些代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
He asked who the man is. Do you know whose book it is?
(二)语序:陈述句语序
即:主句+连接词+从句(主+谓+其他成分)
Do you remember how old he is? 你知道他多大了吗?
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变:
What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happened?
I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
(三)时态:
1、主句用一般现在时,现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时,从句的时态根据需要来用,不受主句影响。
I want to know what time he got up this morning.
2、主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。
Kate said there was a box under the desk.
3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,仍用一般现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
4、从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
(四)否定转移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect等时,宾语从句的否定要转移到主句中。
I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。
· 宾语从句用陈述语序,不要疑问语序。
· 主过从必过,客观真理除外。
· whether…or not 只能用 whether。
· think 等否定要前移。
· 定位宾语从句
找出句子中动词或介词后的从句,判断是否为宾语从句。
例:I wonder ______ he will come or not.
→ 空格处需填入连接词,根据“是否”选whether(if不能与or not连用)。
· 三步法解题
第一步:看连接词
根据从句内容选择对应连接词(that/if/whether/特殊疑问词)。
第二步:查语序
确认从句是否为陈述语序(排除疑问语序干扰)。
第三步:核时态
检查主句与从句时态是否一致(尤其注意过去时态下的呼应)。
考点三 定语从句
1.(2025·泰安卷)“I’ve observed (观察) some of the kids interacting (相互影响) a bit more,” he says. “I’ve seen the kids 34 seemed lonely before, and they’re starting to play with more people.”
A.when B.which C.who
2.(2025·滨州卷)In the future, Zheng wants to create more songs 44 can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles.
3.(2023·潍坊卷)“My restaurant is always busy. During the peak (高峰) season, the yard is crowded with tourists waiting for dinner,” said Wang Guodong, a businessman 37 owns a restaurant in Xinzhou ancient city.
· 定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
· 关系词的作用
关系词有三个作用,分别是--连接先行词和定语从句;在从句中充当一个成分,如主语、宾语 和定语等;代替先行词。
· 常见的关系词及其用法
关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that,which,who,whom,whose,等;关系副词有where,when,why等,关系副词只能作状语。
常见关系词的用法见下表:
先行词
关系词在从句 中作的成分
关系词
例句
备注
关系代词
指人
主语
who/that
Do you know the man who/that is standing there? 你认识站在那里的那个男人吗?
作主语时,who/that不能 省略。
宾语
whom/that
The boy(whom/that)she loved died in the war 她深爱的那个男孩在战争中牺牲了。
whom和that在从句中作宾 语时,常可以省略。
定语
whose
The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
父亲在国外工作的那个男孩是我同学。
whose表示所有关系,既可 以修饰人,也可以修饰物。
指物
主语
that/which
A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是可以飞的机器。
作主语时,which/that不能省略。
宾语
that/which
The book (that/which) I gave him was worth $10.
我给他的这本书值10美元。
which和that在从句中作宾 语时,常可以省略。
定语
whose
I like those books whose topics are about history 我喜欢关于历史的书。
whose表示所有关系,既可 以修饰人,也可以修饰物。
关系副词
表时间
时间状语
when
I will never forget the day when we met. 我永远忘不了我们相遇的那一天。
可用on which来代替when
表地点
地点状语
where
This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的房子。
可用in which来代替where
表原因
原因状语
why
I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.我想不到他拒绝我邀请的理由。
可用for which来代替why
只能用 that 的情况:
· 先行词被最高级 / 序数词修饰(the best, the first)
· 先行词是all, everything, nothing等不定代词
· 先行词既有人又有物
· 寻找先行词,辨别人与物
先行词指人时关系词常用who、whom、that,指物时关系词常用that、which。
· 判断所缺成分,选择关系词
当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时,要想到分别采用 who(主语或宾语),that (主语或宾语),which(主语或宾语),whom (宾语),whose(定语)。
◇预测 01 单句语法填空
1.【新角度·通过科学事实考查宾语从句时态】Our teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound last term.
2.【新情境·通过日常对话考查宾语从句引导词】—I’m wondering _______ or not you will come to my party tomorrow.
—I will certainly go to your party. Thanks for your invitation.
3.【新角度·通过日常对话考查宾语从句时态】—Pardon? What did you say just now?
—Oh, I said that we ________ (have) a picnic next Sunday.
4.【新情境·通过书的归属考查定语从句引导词】—Look, here is a Harry Potter. I’m wondering w________ book it is.
—It must be Mary’s. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer.
5.【新情境·通过“微笑行动”考查情态动词的基本用法】On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they (continue) to help children after Operation Smile has left.
6.【新情境·通过对Chat GPT的评价考查宾语从句引导词】Some people hold different opinions about w________ Chat GPT is offering help better or making things worse
7.【新角度·通过日常场景考查状语从句时态】I ________ (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking.
8.【新情境·通过订票情况考查状语从句时态】The tickets ________ (sell) out if you don’t order them as soon as possible.
9.【新角度·通过推荐苏州旅游考查状语从句引导词】S________ we are here in Suzhou, why not visit the museum and taste the local food?
10.【新情境·通过补充维生素考查状语从句引导词】You won’t get enough vitamins u________ you include more fruit and vegetables in your everyday meals.
11. 【新情境·通过成绩分析考查状语从句引导词】I wonder why I can’t get good grades, a__________ I have been studying so hard.
12.【新角度·通过加油站不许吸烟考查状语从句引导词】W________ you are, smoking is not allowed at gas stations. It can cause fire accidents.
13.【新情境·通过介绍张桂梅考查定语从句引导词】Zhang Guimei is the first person ________ set up a free high school for girls in China.
14.【新情境·通过开网店的打算考查定语从句引导词】She decided to open an online shop ________ she can sell some of her second-hand things.
◇预测 02 句子翻译
1.【新角度·通过介绍刘公岛考查定语从句】它因刘公岛而闻名,这座岛四面环海。(surround)
2.【新角度·通过提醒人们感恩考查定语从句】我们不应该忘记那些给我们提供帮助的人。
3.【新情境·通过陈述事实考查定语从句】一般说来,那些擅长交流的人更容易在新环境中交到朋友。(用定语从句结构)
4.【新情境·通过介绍澳大利亚考查定语从句】澳大利亚是个人人都想去游览的好地方。
5.【新角度·通过介绍喜欢的电影考查定语从句】我更喜欢让我大笑的电影。
6. 【新角度·通过个人怀疑考查宾语从句】我不确定Lucy解决这个问题是否有困难。
7.【新情境·通过想象十年后的中国考查形宾语从句】我无法想象十年以后中国是什么样。
8.【新角度·通过青少年视力问题考查宾、状语从句】还有一些成年人认为部分青少年直到出现视力问题时,才会意识到保护眼睛的重要性。
9. 【新情境·通过成年人的担忧考查副宾语从句】然而,一些成年人担心比起周围的世界,你们对面前的电子屏幕更感兴趣。
10.【新角度·通过谈论未来规划考查宾语从句】他们想知道你们将如何处理学业、朋友和家庭方面的事情。
11.【新角度·通过粗心犯错考查状语从句】他太粗心了,都没有察觉到这个错误。
12.【新情境·通过Deepseek影响思考考查状语从句】虽然DeepSeek很强大,但学生仍需要自己思考。
13. 【新角度·通过扬州易迷路考查状语从句】除非你有地图,否则在扬州很容易迷路。
14.【新角度·通过介绍安徒生考查状语从句】安徒生如此闻名,以至于几乎每个小孩都能说出一两个他的童话作品。
15.【新角度·通过用智能手机学习考查状语从句】近年来,许多像你们一样的青少年使用智能手机来学习,因为很方便。
◇预测 03 单项选择
1.【新角度·通过给出建议考查宾语从句】—I think it’s difficult to write the English report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
—Plan your time well, and you can make it.
A.why I have to do it B.when will I finish it
C.how I can do it D.if can I finish it
2.【新情境·通过发出邀请考查宾语从句】—Could you tell me ________ you spent New Year’s Day this year, Peter?
—We had a family get-together and went to an amusement park.
A.what B.when C.how D.where
3.【新角度·通过谈论Deepseek考查宾语从句】—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models.
—I haven’t used it. I wonder ______.
A.what languages could DeepSeek understand
B.how can DeepSeek be used in English learning
C.how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question
D.that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT
4.【新情境·通过保护眼睛的建议考查宾语从句】—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice?
—First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.
A.why B.where C.how D.which
5.【新情境·通过预定机票考查情状语从句】My parents still booked the flight tickets for our winter holiday ________ the prices were high.
A.if B.until C.because D.although
6.【新情境·通过如何提高写作技能考查状语从句】Practice is important. You won’t improve your English writing skills ________ you read more articles and write regularly.
A.if B.unless C.when D.since
7.【新角度·通过五一假期安排考查状语从句】—Did you go for a trip during the May Day holiday?
—No. The public were advised to stay at home ________ there was a terrible storm.
A.if B.unless C.though D.because
8.【新情境·通过判断人工智能提供的信息是否正确考查状语从句】We can’t judge if the information from AI is right ________ we have a clear mind.
A.after B.because C.unless D.since
9.【新角度·通过介绍十二生肖考查定语从句】Among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖), the dragon is the only one ________ is not real.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
10.【新情境·通过介绍张宏考查定语从句】Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A.when B.whose C.which D.who
11. 【新情境·通过介绍杜甫考查定语从句】Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A.what B.who C.whom D.whose
12.【新角度·通过谈论微信考查定语从句】—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely.
—I think it’s very useful in our life.
A.which B.whom C.where D.whose
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专题05 三大从句(宾从、定从、状从)(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 状语从句
考点二 宾语从句
考点三 定语从句
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,山东中考已全面弱化语法单项选择的考查,三大从句的考查同步融入语法填空/短文填空、完形填空等隐性考查形式,辅以完成句子、翻译句子等形式。此外,在写作中,考查三大从句的正确使用,只有及少数地区仍存在单项选择题对三大从句尤其是宾语从句的考查。
2.从命题内容上看,宾语从句和状语从句是考查重点,在山东中考中频繁出现。定语从句也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
状语从句
①山东枣庄·5题
②山东烟台·24题
①山东济南·45题
②山东枣庄·44题
①山东淄博·4题
②山东济宁·28题
宾语从句
①山东青岛·32题
②山东威海·42题
①山东泰安·33题
②山东东营·10题
①山东滨州·43题
②山东青岛·10题
定语从句
①山东泰安·34题
②山东滨州·44题
\
①山东潍坊·37题
命题预测
1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查动词时态和语态的运用,很少孤立考查语法规则。
2. 综合化:一道题中可能综合考查多个考点,如时态辨析结合被动语态,或与主谓一致、非谓语
动词等知识点结合。
3. 高频化:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态是考查频率最高的内容,需重点突破。
4. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉情境中运用动词时态和语态知识。
考点一 状语从句
1. (2025·枣庄卷)One day, 5 I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened.
A.if B.before C.when D.since
【答案】C
【解析】句意:有一天,当我回到家时,我的父母察觉到了我的问题,并问我发生了什么事。
if如果;before在……之前;when当……时;since自从。根据“I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened. ”可知,当作者到家时,父母察觉了问题,故选C。
2. (2025·烟台卷)To Ceschi, these volunteers presented a real picture of China, as he later wrote in his book: “ 24 there are cultural differences, we can understand each other, and grow together. ”
A.Because B.Unless C.Until D.Although
【答案】D
【解析】句意:尽管存在文化差异,我们还是可以理解彼此,一起成长。
Because因为;Unless除非;Until直到;Although尽管。根据“there are cultural differences”可知,尽管存在文化差异也不影响理解彼此,用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
3. (2024·济南卷) 45 the case is, I expect I’ll still be on the roads when I’m sixty!
A.Whatever B.Whoever C.However D.Whenever
【答案】A
【解析】句意:无论哪种情况,我想当我六十岁时,我仍然会在路上跑步!
Whatever无论什么;Whoever无论谁;However无论如何;Whenever无论何时。根据“the case is”可知是无论是什么情况,故选A。
4.(2024·枣庄卷)________ ________ it’s full of challenges to tell China’s stories in English, we should face them bravely.
尽管用英语讲中国故事充满挑战,但是我们应该勇敢面对。
【答案】 Even;though/if
【解析】even though/if“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,句首需大写首字母,故填Even;though/if。
5.(2023·淄博卷)“Grandma Kate told me, ‘Don’t throw away the stems (茎). 4 you put them in the ground, they will grow back’”
A.And B.If C.So D.Although
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你把它们放在地里,它们会长回来的。
and和;if如果;so所以;although虽然。“you put them in the ground”是“they will grow back”的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
6.(2023·济宁卷) One day, 28 he was ready to start, an old man walked up to him.
【答案】when
【解析】句意:一天,当他准备出发时,一位老人向他走来。根据“... he was ready to start, an old man walked up to him.”可推出当他准备出发时有个老人走了过来,when“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。故填when。
· 状语从句的定义
状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等。
· 常见状语从句类型及引导词
类型
常见引导词
时间状语从句
when(当……时)、while(在……期间)、as(一边……一边)、before(在……之前)、after(在……之后)、since(自从)、until/till(直到……才)、as soon as(一……就);once....(一旦)
条件状语从句
if(如果)、unless(除非,如果不)、as long as(只要)
原因状语从句
because(因为)、since(既然)、as(由于)
让步状语从句
although/though(虽然)、even if/though(即使)、no matter + 疑问词(无论……)
目的状语从句
so that(以便)、in order that(为了)
结果状语从句
so...that(如此……以至于)、such...that(如此……以至于)
时间状语从句
· when(当……时)
When the bell rings, the class begins.(铃响时,上课开始。)
· while(在……期间,强调同时进行)
She listened to music while she was working.(她一边工作一边听音乐。)
when和while的区别:
when(可接瞬间动词或延续性动词),while(只能接延续性动词,强调同时进行)。
例:
When I saw him, he was running .(当我看到他时,他正在跑步。)
While I was reading , he was watching TV.(我在读书时,他在看电视。)
· as(一边……一边,或“随着”)
As he grew older, he became wiser.(随着年龄增长,他变得更聪明。)
As time goes by, she is becoming more and more tired. (随着时间的流逝,她变得越来越累了。)
· before(在……之前)
Finish your homework before you go out.(出去之前完成作业。)
· after(在……之后)
After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.(雨停后我们去散步了。)
· since(自从……以来)
He has lived here since he was a child.(他从小就住在这里。)
· until/till(直到……才)
肯定句 (直到……为止):I waited until he came .(我一直等到他来。)
否定句 (直到……才):I didn’t leave until he came .(直到他来,我才离开。)
常用固定句型:not...until... (直到……才)
· as soon as(一……就)
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.(我一到就给你打电话。)
· once(一旦……就)
Once you understand the rule, it’s easy.(一旦你理解了规则,就简单了。)
· 语法规则:
主将从现:I will call you as soon as I arrive .(我一到就给你打电话。)
条件状语从句
· if(如果)
If it rains, we will stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家。)
· unless(除非,如果不)
You won’t pass unless you study hard.(除非你努力学习,否则不会通过。)
区分:- if(如果)表示肯定条件,unless(除非=if not)表示否定条件。
- 例:You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.(= if you don’t study hard)
· as long as(只要)
You can succeed as long as you don’t give up.(只要不放弃,你就能成功。)
· 语法规则:
主将从现:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
原因状语从句
· because(因为,语气最强, 用来回答why的问题)
He was late because he missed the bus.(他迟到了,因为他没赶上公交。)
· since(既然,表已知原因)
Since you’re busy, I’ll help you.(既然你忙,我来帮你。)
· as(由于,语气较弱)
As it was getting dark, we hurried home.(由于天黑了,我们赶紧回家。)
让步状语从句
· although/though(虽然)
Although it was cold, he went swimming.(虽然天冷,他还是去游泳了。)
注意:❌(不能加 but)
· even if/though(即使)
Even if it’s hard, I’ll try.(即使很难,我也会尝试。)
· no matter + 疑问词(无论……)
No matter what happens, don’t give up.(无论发生什么,别放弃。)
目的状语从句
· so that(以便)
He got up early so that he could catch the train.(他早起以便赶上火车。)
· in order that(为了,更正式)
She saved money in order that she could buy a car.(她存钱是为了买车。)
结果状语从句
· so + 形容词/副词 + that ...(如此……以至于)
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.(箱子太重了,我抬不动。)
· such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that ....(如此……以至于)
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.(天太热了,我们待在室内。)
· 时间和条件状语从句须遵循主将从现原则。
· because 不能与 so 连用
· though /although 不能与 but 连用
· so that 后要加情态动词
· 先判从句类型:看引导词,定时间 / 条件 / 原因 / 让步 / 目的 / 结果
· 再看时态:主将从现优先,其他时态随主句
· 排查禁忌:because&so、though&but 不同时出现
1. 语境化考查:题干会设置具体情境,考查学生结合语境判断时间、条件、原因、让步等逻辑关系,考查引导词选择、时态呼应、固定结构。
2. 写作:高分句型来源用 if、when、so that、although 等提升表达档次。
考点二 宾语从句
1.(2025·青岛卷) If scientists know 32 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured.
【答案】what
【解析】句意:如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况,他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子是宾语从句,从句缺少介词like的宾语,此处应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
2.(2025·威海卷)你知道人类最早是怎么取火的吗?
_____________________________________________
【答案】Do you know how people made fire in the earliest times?
【解析】Do you know“你知道”,句首首字母大写;how people made fire“人类怎么取火”,make fire“生火”,时态为一般过去时,动词变为过去式made;in the earliest times“最早”。故填Do you know how people made fire in the earliest times?
3.(2024·泰安卷)This might explain 33 dogs welcome him.
A.when B.what C.Why
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这或许可以解释为什么狗会欢迎他。
when什么时候;what什么;why为什么。“他从小就和狗在一起”是“狗会欢迎他”的原因,用why引导宾语从句。故选C。
4.(2024·东营卷)—Do you know _____?
—20-30 minutes, the experts suggest.
A.what we should eat for a meal B.where we should eat a meal
C.why we should not eat a meal too quickly D.how long we should spend eating a meal
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你知道我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭吗?——20至30分钟,专家建议。
考查宾语从句。what we should eat for a meal我们一顿饭应该吃什么;where we should eat a meal我们应该在哪里吃饭;why we should not eat a meal too quickly为什么我们不应该吃得太快;how long we should spend eating a meal我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭。答语“20-30 minutes”表时间段,故用how long引导宾语从句。故选D。
5.(2023·滨州卷)These are interesting names, but they don’t really tell you 43 the dishes are like.
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这些名字很有趣,但并不能真正告诉你这些菜是什么样的。
what什么;how如何;why为什么;which哪一个。宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语,用what引导。故选A。
6.(2023·青岛卷)—Bob, could you tell me ________?
—Of course. Every day.
A.when the teacher will come B.why you keep a diary
C.how long you slept last night D.how often you exercise
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——鲍勃,你能告诉我你多久锻炼一次吗?——当然可以。每一天。
考查宾语从句。when the teacher will come老师什么时候会来;why you keep a diary你为什么写日记;how long you slept last night你昨晚睡了多久;how often you exercise你多久锻炼一次。tell后缺少宾语,此处是宾语从句,根据“Every day”可知对频率提问,用“how often”。故选D。
· 宾语从句的概念
宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr. Green teaches English.
· 宾语从句三要素
引导词(连接词) 语 序 时 态
· 重难点掌握
(一)引导词
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略
I hear (that) you passed the exam.
2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句(重点掌握)
if/ whether “是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。
I want to know whether/if he is right.
3.由连接代词: Who, whom, whose, which, what和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句。
这些代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
He asked who the man is. Do you know whose book it is?
(二)语序:陈述句语序
即:主句+连接词+从句(主+谓+其他成分)
Do you remember how old he is? 你知道他多大了吗?
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变:
What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happened?
I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
(三)时态:
1、主句用一般现在时,现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时,从句的时态根据需要来用,不受主句影响。
I want to know what time he got up this morning.
2、主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。
Kate said there was a box under the desk.
3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,仍用一般现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
4、从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
(四)否定转移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect等时,宾语从句的否定要转移到主句中。
I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。
· 宾语从句用陈述语序,不要疑问语序。
· 主过从必过,客观真理除外。
· whether…or not 只能用 whether。
· think 等否定要前移。
· 定位宾语从句
找出句子中动词或介词后的从句,判断是否为宾语从句。
例:I wonder ______ he will come or not.
→ 空格处需填入连接词,根据“是否”选whether(if不能与or not连用)。
· 三步法解题
第一步:看连接词
根据从句内容选择对应连接词(that/if/whether/特殊疑问词)。
第二步:查语序
确认从句是否为陈述语序(排除疑问语序干扰)。
第三步:核时态
检查主句与从句时态是否一致(尤其注意过去时态下的呼应)。
考点三 定语从句
1.(2025·泰安卷)“I’ve observed (观察) some of the kids interacting (相互影响) a bit more,” he says. “I’ve seen the kids 34 seemed lonely before, and they’re starting to play with more people.”
A.when B.which C.who
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我曾见过那些之前显得孤独的孩子们,而现在他们开始和更多的人一起玩耍了。
when当……时;which哪个(指物);who谁(指人)。根据“I’ve seen the kids...seemed lonely before”可知,空格引导定语从句修饰人“the kids”,且在从句中作主语,who符合语境。故选C。
2.(2025·滨州卷)In the future, Zheng wants to create more songs 44 can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles.
【答案】that/which
【解析】句意:未来,郑想创作更多融合中国传统音乐和当地音乐风格的歌曲。根据“create more songs...can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles”可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是songs,指物,在从句中作主语,用that/which引导。故填that/which。
3.(2023·潍坊卷)“My restaurant is always busy. During the peak (高峰) season, the yard is crowded with tourists waiting for dinner,” said Wang Guodong, a businessman 37 owns a restaurant in Xinzhou ancient city.
【答案】who/that
【解析】句意:在忻州古城拥有一家餐馆的商人王国栋说。空后整个句子在句中作定语修饰名词a businessman,指人,在句中作主语,所以空处用关系词who或that,故填who/that。
· 定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
· 关系词的作用
关系词有三个作用,分别是--连接先行词和定语从句;在从句中充当一个成分,如主语、宾语 和定语等;代替先行词。
· 常见的关系词及其用法
关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that,which,who,whom,whose,等;关系副词有where,when,why等,关系副词只能作状语。
常见关系词的用法见下表:
先行词
关系词在从句 中作的成分
关系词
例句
备注
关系代词
指人
主语
who/that
Do you know the man who/that is standing there? 你认识站在那里的那个男人吗?
作主语时,who/that不能 省略。
宾语
whom/that
The boy(whom/that)she loved died in the war 她深爱的那个男孩在战争中牺牲了。
whom和that在从句中作宾 语时,常可以省略。
定语
whose
The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
父亲在国外工作的那个男孩是我同学。
whose表示所有关系,既可 以修饰人,也可以修饰物。
指物
主语
that/which
A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是可以飞的机器。
作主语时,which/that不能省略。
宾语
that/which
The book (that/which) I gave him was worth $10.
我给他的这本书值10美元。
which和that在从句中作宾 语时,常可以省略。
定语
whose
I like those books whose topics are about history 我喜欢关于历史的书。
whose表示所有关系,既可 以修饰人,也可以修饰物。
关系副词
表时间
时间状语
when
I will never forget the day when we met. 我永远忘不了我们相遇的那一天。
可用on which来代替when
表地点
地点状语
where
This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的房子。
可用in which来代替where
表原因
原因状语
why
I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.我想不到他拒绝我邀请的理由。
可用for which来代替why
只能用 that 的情况:
· 先行词被最高级 / 序数词修饰(the best, the first)
· 先行词是all, everything, nothing等不定代词
· 先行词既有人又有物
· 寻找先行词,辨别人与物
先行词指人时关系词常用who、whom、that,指物时关系词常用that、which。
· 判断所缺成分,选择关系词
当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时,要想到分别采用 who(主语或宾语),that (主语或宾语),which(主语或宾语),whom (宾语),whose(定语)。
◇预测 01 单句语法填空
1.【新角度·通过科学事实考查宾语从句时态】Our teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound last term.
【答案】travels
【详解】句意:上学期我们的老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。travel“传播”,分析句子可知,that引导宾语从句,从句内容是客观事实,故从句时态用一般现在时,主语是light,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填travels。
2.【新情境·通过日常对话考查宾语从句引导词】—I’m wondering _______ or not you will come to my party tomorrow.
—I will certainly go to your party. Thanks for your invitation.
【答案】whether
【详解】句意:——我想知道你明天是否会来参加我的聚会。——我一定会去参加你的聚会的。谢谢你的邀请。根据“I’m wondering...or not you will come to my party tomorrow.”可知,此处询问对方“是否”参加聚会,whether“是否”符合语境,故填whether。
3.【新角度·通过日常对话考查宾语从句时态】—Pardon? What did you say just now?
—Oh, I said that we ________ (have) a picnic next Sunday.
【答案】would have
【详解】句意:——抱歉?你刚才说什么?——哦,我说我们下周日要去野餐。此句是宾语从句,主句是一般过去时。根据从句的时间状语“next Sunday”可知,从句应用过去将来时:would do。故填would have。
4.【新情境·通过书的归属考查定语从句引导词】—Look, here is a Harry Potter. I’m wondering w________ book it is.
—It must be Mary’s. J. K. Rowling is her favorite writer.
【答案】(w)hose
【详解】句意:——看,这是一本《哈利波特》。我想知道这是谁的书。——一定是玛丽的。罗琳是她最喜欢的作家。根据“It must be Mary’s”可知此处询问是谁的书,用whose“谁的”。故填(w)hose。
5.【新情境·通过“微笑行动”考查情态动词的基本用法】On the other hand, Operation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they (continue) to help children after Operation Smile has left.
【答案】can continue
【详解】句意:另一方面,“微笑行动”在发展中国家培训当地的医生和护士,以便在“微笑行动”离开后,他们能够继续帮助儿童。此处表示“能够”,应用情态动词can,后接动词原形continue。故填can continue。6.【新情境·通过对Chat GPT的评价考查宾语从句引导词】Some people hold different opinions about w________ Chat GPT is offering help better or making things worse
【答案】(w)hether
【详解】句意:对于Chat GPT是提供更好的帮助还是使事情变得更糟,一些人持有不同的观点。根据“Some people hold different opinions about”可知此处是whether引导的宾语从句。故填(w)hether。
7.【新角度·通过日常场景考查状语从句时态】I ________ (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking.
【答案】got
【详解】句意:我和妹妹回到家时,妈妈正在做饭。根据“I...home with my sister while my mother was cooking.”可知,此处是while引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生,从句用过去进行时,主句通常用一般过去时。因此,应将get变为过去式got。故填got。
8.【新情境·通过订票情况考查状语从句时态】The tickets ________ (sell) out if you don’t order them as soon as possible.
【答案】will be sold
【详解】句意:如果你不尽快订购,票就要卖完了。根据“if you don’t order them as soon as possible”可知,if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句是一般现在时,主句是一般将来时。由于主语“The tickets”与“sell”是动宾关系,这里用一般将来时被动语态,selling的过去分词sold。故填will be sold。
9.【新角度·通过推荐苏州旅游考查状语从句引导词】S________ we are here in Suzhou, why not visit the museum and taste the local food?
【答案】(S)ince
【详解】句意:既然我们在苏州,为什么不去参观博物馆并品尝当地美食呢?此句需要一个连词来引导原因状语从句。“since”有“既然;因为”的意思,用于引出已知的事实或理由,符合句子逻辑,即基于“我们在苏州”这个已知事实,提出“去参观博物馆和品尝当地美食”的建议。故填(S)ince。
10.【新情境·通过补充维生素考查状语从句引导词】You won’t get enough vitamins u________ you include more fruit and vegetables in your everyday meals.
【答案】(u)nless
【详解】句意:除非你在日常饮食中多吃水果和蔬菜,否则你不会获得足够的维生素。根据“You won’t get enough vitamins…you include more fruit and vegetables in your everyday meals.”及首字母可知,此处指的是除非你在日常饮食中多吃水果和蔬菜,unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句。故填(u)nless。
11. 【新情境·通过成绩分析考查状语从句引导词】I wonder why I can’t get good grades, a__________ I have been studying so hard.
【答案】(a)lthough
【详解】句意:我想知道为什么我没能取得好成绩,尽管我已经学习很努力了。根据“I wonder why I can’t get good grades…I have been studying so hard.”结合首字母提示可知,此处应用although引导让步状语从句。故填(a)lthough。
12.【新角度·通过加油站不许吸烟考查状语从句引导词】W________ you are, smoking is not allowed at gas stations. It can cause fire accidents.
【答案】(W)hoever
【详解】句意:不管你是谁,加油站都不允许吸烟。它可能会导致火灾事故。根据“you are, smoking is not allowed at gas stations”和首字母提示可知,此处指“无论你是谁,加油站是不允许吸烟的”,应该使用whoever引导让步状语从句。故填(W)hoever。
13.【新情境·通过介绍张桂梅考查定语从句引导词】Zhang Guimei is the first person ________ set up a free high school for girls in China.
【答案】who/that
【详解】句意:张桂梅是第一个在中国设立免费女子高中的人。根据句意可知,本句为定语从句,先行词为the first person,并且在从句中作主语成分,故填who/that。
14.【新情境·通过开网店的打算考查定语从句引导词】She decided to open an online shop ________ she can sell some of her second-hand things.
【答案】where
【详解】句意:她决定开一家可以卖她的一些二手物品的网店。分析句子结构可知,句子是定语从句,先行词是“an online shop”且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where,故填where。
◇预测 02 句子翻译
1.【新角度·通过介绍刘公岛考查定语从句】它因刘公岛而闻名,这座岛四面环海。(surround)
【答案】It is famous for Liu Gong Island, which is surrounded by the sea.
2.【新角度·通过提醒人们感恩考查定语从句】我们不应该忘记那些给我们提供帮助的人。
【答案】We shouldn’t forget the people who have helped us.
3.【新情境·通过陈述事实考查定语从句】一般说来,那些擅长交流的人更容易在新环境中交到朋友。(用定语从句结构)
【答案】Generally speaking, those who are good at communication make friends more easily in a new environment.
4.【新情境·通过介绍澳大利亚考查定语从句】澳大利亚是个人人都想去游览的好地方。
【答案】Australia is a place that everyone wants to visit.
5.【新角度·通过介绍喜欢的电影考查定语从句】我更喜欢让我大笑的电影。
【答案】I prefer movies that make me laugh.
6. 【新角度·通过个人怀疑考查宾语从句】我不确定Lucy解决这个问题是否有困难。
【答案】I’m not sure whether Lucy has difficulty solving the problem.
7.【新情境·通过想象十年后的中国考查形宾语从句】我无法想象十年以后中国是什么样。
【答案】I can’t imagine what China will be like in ten years.
8.【新角度·通过青少年视力问题考查宾、状语从句】还有一些成年人认为部分青少年直到出现视力问题时,才会意识到保护眼睛的重要性。
【答案】Some adults believe that some teenagers won’t realize the importance of protecting their eyes until they have vision problems.
9. 【新情境·通过成年人的担忧考查副宾语从句】然而,一些成年人担心比起周围的世界,你们对面前的电子屏幕更感兴趣。
【答案】However, some adults worry that you are more interested in the electronic screens in front of you than in the world around you.
10.【新角度·通过谈论未来规划考查宾语从句】他们想知道你们将如何处理学业、朋友和家庭方面的事情。
【答案】They want to know how you will deal with school, friends and family.
11.【新角度·通过粗心犯错考查状语从句】他太粗心了,都没有察觉到这个错误。
【答案】He was so careless that he didn’t even notice this mistake./He was too careless to notice this mistake.
12.【新情境·通过Deepseek影响思考考查状语从句】虽然DeepSeek很强大,但学生仍需要自己思考。
【答案】Although DeepSeek is very powerful, students still need to think for themselves.
13. 【新角度·通过扬州易迷路考查状语从句】除非你有地图,否则在扬州很容易迷路。
【答案】You will get lost easily in Yangzhou unless you have a map./Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily in Yangzhou.
14.【新角度·通过介绍安徒生考查状语从句】安徒生如此闻名,以至于几乎每个小孩都能说出一两个他的童话作品。
【答案】Andersen is so famous that almost every child can name one or two of his fairy tales.
15.【新角度·通过用智能手机学习考查状语从句】近年来,许多像你们一样的青少年使用智能手机来学习,因为很方便。
【答案】In recent years, many teenagers like you have used smartphones for studying because they are convenient.
◇预测 03 单项选择
1.【新角度·通过给出建议考查宾语从句】—I think it’s difficult to write the English report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
—Plan your time well, and you can make it.
A.why I have to do it B.when will I finish it
C.how I can do it D.if can I finish it
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我觉得在两天内写完这份英语报告很难。我真的不知道我该怎么做。——好好规划你的时间,你就能完成。
考查宾语从句的语序和连接词辨析。why I have to do it我为什么必须做它;when will I finish it我什么时候能完成它 (语序错误);how I can do it我该怎么做;if can I finish it我是否能完成它 (语序错误)。根据答句“Plan your time well, and you can make it.”可知,前者在表达对如何完成的困惑,后者建议规划时间,因此应选与“方式、方法”相关的how。此外,宾语从句需用陈述语序 (主语在前,谓语在后),B和D为疑问语序,排除。故选C。
2.【新情境·通过发出邀请考查宾语从句】—Could you tell me ________ you spent New Year’s Day this year, Peter?
—We had a family get-together and went to an amusement park.
A.what B.when C.how D.where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 彼得,你能告诉我今年你是怎么过元旦的吗?—— 我们举办了家庭聚会,还去了游乐园。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。what询问“事物”;when询问“时间”;how询问“方式、方法”;where询问“地点”。根据答句“had a family get-together and went to an amusement park”(举办家庭聚会、去游乐园)可知,此处是询问过元旦的“方式”,“how”符合语境。故选C。
3.【新角度·通过谈论Deepseek考查宾语从句】—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models.
—I haven’t used it. I wonder ______.
A.what languages could DeepSeek understand
B.how can DeepSeek be used in English learning
C.how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question
D.that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——DeepSeek用其强大的模型给全世界留下了深刻印象。——我还没用过它。我想知道DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多长时间。
考查宾语从句。what languages could DeepSeek understand疑问语序,DeepSeek能理解哪些语言;how can DeepSeek be used in English learning疑问语序,DeepSeek如何能用于英语学习;how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question陈述语序,DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多久;that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT陈述语序,DeepSeek比ChatGPT更有优势。根据“I wonder...”可知,后需接疑问类从句,排除D,且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选C。
4.【新情境·通过保护眼睛的建议考查宾语从句】—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice?
—First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.
A.why B.where C.how D.which
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我想知道我怎样能保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗?——首先,你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。
考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么,询问原因;where在哪里,询问地点;how怎样,询问方式;which哪一个,通常用于在一定范围内进行选择。根据答语“First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.”可知,这是在给出保护眼睛的方式建议,所以问句是在询问“怎样保护眼睛”,应该用how来引导宾语从句。故选C。
5.【新情境·通过预定机票考查情状语从句】My parents still booked the flight tickets for our winter holiday ________ the prices were high.
A.if B.until C.because D.although
【答案】D
【详解】句意:尽管价格很高,我父母还是预订了我们寒假的机票。
考查连词辨析。if如果,引导条件状语从句;until直到……为止,引导时间状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句;although尽管,引导让步状语从句。根据“My parents still booked the flight tickets for our winter holiday...the prices were high.”可知,前后句之间存在让步关系,即尽管价格高,父母还是预订了机票,所以此处应该用although来引导让步状语从句。故选D。
6.【新情境·通过如何提高写作技能考查状语从句】Practice is important. You won’t improve your English writing skills ________ you read more articles and write regularly.
A.if B.unless C.when D.since
【答案】B
【详解】句意:实践很重要。除非你多读文章并定期写作,否则你的英语写作技能不会提高。
考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非;when当……时候;since自从。根据语境可知,此处是在表达“除非你多读文章并定期写作,否则你的英语写作技能不会提高”,所以应该用unless。故选B。
7.【新角度·通过五一假期安排考查状语从句】—Did you go for a trip during the May Day holiday?
—No. The public were advised to stay at home ________ there was a terrible storm.
A.if B.unless C.though D.because
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——五一假期期间你去旅行了吗?——没有。因为有一场可怕的风暴,公众被建议待在家里。
考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非;though尽管;because因为。根据“there was a terrible storm.”可知,此处是在解释公众被建议待在家里的原因,即有一场可怕的风暴,所以应该用because。故选D。
8.【新情境·通过判断人工智能提供的信息是否正确考查状语从句】We can’t judge if the information from AI is right ________ we have a clear mind.
A.after B.because C.unless D.since
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们无法判断人工智能提供的信息是否正确,除非我们有一个清醒的头脑。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后;because因为;unless除非;since自从或因为。根据“We can’t judge if the information from AI is right”可知只有具备清醒的头脑才能判断信息是否正确,因此需要表示条件的连词unless引导条件状语从句,故选C。
9.【新角度·通过介绍十二生肖考查定语从句】Among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖), the dragon is the only one ________ is not real.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在中国十二生肖中,龙是唯一一个不真实的。
考查定语从句关系代词辨析。which代指物,可用于限制性或非限制性定语从句,在介词后亦可使用;who代指人;that代指人或物,常用于限制性定语从句,且先行词被the only修饰时常用that;what引导名词性从句。本句先行词为“the only one”,指动物,且被the only修饰,应用that引导定语从句。故选C。
10.【新情境·通过介绍张宏考查定语从句】Zhang Hong, a Chinese man, is the first Asian blind climber has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A.when B.whose C.which D.who
【答案】D
【详解】句意:张宏,一个中国人,是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰顶的亚洲盲人登山者。
考查定语从句的关系代词。when当……时;whose谁的;which哪一个(用于物);who谁(用于人)。该句是定语从句,先行词为climber,意为“登山者”,指人,且从句中缺少主语,需用表示人的关系代词who引导。故选D。
11. 【新情境·通过介绍杜甫考查定语从句】Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A.what B.who C.whom D.whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杜甫是一位在全世界很受欢迎的中国诗人。
考查定语从句的关系代词。what什么,指事物;who谁,指人,可作主语;whom谁,指人但作宾语;whose谁的,表示所有格。空白处需用关系代词指代“a Chinese poet”,指人,并在从句中作主语。故选B。
12.【新角度·通过谈论微信考查定语从句】—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely.
—I think it’s very useful in our life.
A.which B.whom C.where D.whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——微信是一项能帮助人们自由地分享照片、想法和感受的发明。——我认为它在我们生活中非常有用。
考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个,指代物;whom谁,指代人,在从句中作宾语;where哪里,在从句中作地点状语;whose谁的,指代人或物,在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是“an invention(一项发明)”,指物,且从句中缺少主语,所以应该用which来引导这个定语从句。故选A。
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