题型1 选择型阅读理解-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语解题有法 高效练习册配套课件（人教版 贵州专用）

该初中英语中考复习课件全面覆盖阅读理解核心考点，严格对接中考考查要求，通过2025贵州真题精讲，系统梳理代词指代、推理判断、文章结构等10类常考题型，分析各题型权重，如细节理解占比突出，推理判断为高频考点，体现备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题解析+技巧点拨”双轨模式，如针对代词指代题总结“回归原文-临近定位-代入验证”三步法，结合STC塑料吸管项目案例解析推理判断题，培养学生语言理解能力和逻辑思维品质。配套分层进阶练习，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此精准突破考点，提升复习效率。

贵州 英 语 解题有法 高效练习册 1 第一部分 语篇微技能精讲 题型一 选择型阅读理解 2 2025贵州真题精讲 B篇 第一步：快速浏览文章后所给题目； 第二步：粗读全文，理解文章大意（注意首尾段/句）,标注关键 信息； 第三步：带着问题细读全文，抓住文章关键词句，初选答案； 3 Human actions are affecting the environment. We will lose more of the natural world if we don’t try to change things. Though it is difficult, we can make a difference. Each small change is important, and luckily more individuals（个人） and organizations are working on conservation projects. Samson, an African fisherman, has become a voice for the ocean. He and the other fishermen realized they were catching fewer and fewer fish. They were overfishing. Working with the 4 World Wide Fund for Nature（WWF）, Samson learned they had to fish more carefully. ①He realized they shouldn’t catch so many young fish because if there are too few of. .them, there won’t be enough adult fish to reproduce. He believes protecting the ocean is everybody’s job. As he says, “Take your responsibilities and never think that you are alone.” In Florida, the Sea Turtle Conservancy（STC） noticed there were always plenty of single-use plastic items, like bottles and drinking straws（吸管）, on the beaches. These items can hurt the ocean wildlife terribly. Straws are especially dangerous for turtles because they can get stuck in turtles’ noses and hurt them badly. ②So, the STC started the project “Where are the straws?” asking local restaurants to stop giving customers straws with their drinks. Now, restaurants will only give straws if customers ask for them, and they only give out paper straws. Those are just two examples of the many conservation efforts around the world today. They both show us that change is possible and that it can start with small actions. We are part of the problem. It’s time to be part of the solution.#4.3 1. 代词指代题 What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to? ( ) A A. Young fish. B. Oceans. C. Fishermen. 【解析】根据画线代词所在句的前半句可知，Samson意识到他 们不应该捕捞那么多幼鱼，them指代幼鱼。 8 考法1：代词指代题 代词指代题要求考生根据上下文判断出代词所指代的内容。 可参考以下步骤解题： ①回归原文, 找出问题中的代词； ②根据“指代临近”原则, 在代词附近找临近的名词、名词短 语或句子； ③将找到的词汇或句子代入,替换该代词, 看其意思是否通顺； ④将找到的词汇或句子与三个选项分别进行对比, 找出最佳 答案。 9 2. 推理判断题 What would happen through STC’s efforts? ( ) B A. More and more tourists would relax on the beaches. B. There would be fewer plastic straws on the beaches. C. Customers would buy more drinks from restaurants. 【解析】根据第三段倒数第二句可知，STC发起了“吸管去哪儿 了？”项目，要求当地餐馆停止为顾客提供饮品时附赠吸管，进 而推知，海滩上的塑料吸管将会减少。 10 考法2：推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的 事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意图的结论， 即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。推断时考生一定要 在文章中找到证据，然后锁定答案。 11 3. 文章结构题 What is the structure of the text?（P=paragraph） ( ) B A. B. C. 【解析】通读文章可知，第一段提出越来越多的个人和组织正在参 与保护环境；第二、三段分别给出一个相关的例子；最后一段总结 全文，表达环保可以从小的行动开始。全文为总—分—总结构。 12 考法3：文章结构题 文章结构题要求考生在理解原文大意的基础上，通过对文章 结构和语篇逻辑关系的分析,合理划分文章的结构框架。中考常 考文章结构有：①总—分—总；②总—分；③分—总。考生可将 分析的文章结构与选项作对比，选出正确答案。 13 4. 标题归纳题 Which can be the best title for the text? ( ) C A. Playing a role in stopping plastic straws B. Becoming a voice for saving young fish C. Making a difference to the natural world 【解析】全文主要介绍了环保可以从小的行动开始，由此可知， 本文的最佳标题应为“对自然世界产生影响”。 14 考法4：标题归纳题 标题归纳题要求学生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大 意，选择可以概括文章内容的标题。一般情况下，文中反复出现 的词汇或短语为体现文章中心内容的关键词或短语。 15 【拓展题型】 5. 词义猜测题 What does the underlined word “conservation” in Paragraph 1 mean? ( ) B A. Pollution. B. Protection. C. Production. 【解析】文章第一段提到人类活动正在破坏环境，而“越来越多 的个人和组织正在开展项目”以改善这种情况。后文紧接着给出 了两个具体例子，这两个例子都是对自然的“保护”行动。 16 考法5：词义猜测题 针对词义猜测题的方法有很多，如利用上下文的近义词或反 义词、释义、示例、逻辑关系以及句子结构等。无论使用哪种方 法，考生都需清楚几点： ①一道词义猜测题未必只对应一种方法，利用上下文语境选 取一个或几个解题方法是做题的关键，有时可以用构词法或代入 法辅助确认所选答案是否合理； 17 ②词义猜测题的目的不是检验考生对某个词的认知，重要的 是搞清楚它所处句子要表达的意思； ③不要只关注被猜测的词所在的半句话或一句话，要以此句 为中心，前后看一至两句，有的时候甚至要弄清楚整段内容的主 旨。#1.3 6. 写作手法题 How does the writer introduce the each small change is important in Paragraph 2 & 3? ( ) B A. By telling stories. B. By giving examples. C. By asking questions. 【解析】根据第二、三段内容可知，主要举了两个环保行动的例子。 19 考法6：写作手法题 写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法,考生无 法直接从原文中找出答案,需要在分析文本的基础上结合语文知识 进行作答。常见手法有：提问题、举例子、作对比、摆事实等。 第四步：重读全文，核对答案。 20 C篇 第一步：快速浏览文章后所给题目； 第二步：粗读全文，理解文章大意（注意首尾段/句）,标注关键 信息； 第三步：带着问题细读全文，抓住文章关键词句，初选答案； 21 Chile is a long and beautiful country with the ocean to the west and mountains to the east. Some of the villages are a very long way from the cities, and some of the schools are very small. ⑦ It’s difficult for small schools to teach science because they don’t have enough teachers or equipment（设备）. This is where the Science Bus project can help. The bus brings special science teachers, new ideas, and equipment to schools in 22 different parts of the country. Sometimes, the children go inside the bus for their science classes or clubs. Sometimes, the teachers bring the equipment inside the school building. The children do experiments. The materials used in the experiments are easy to find—for example, recycled plastic bottles—so that the class teacher can repeat the experiments with the class after the bus leaves. The goal of the Science Bus is to bring science to children all over Chile. ⑨ Since 2012, the bus has visited many schools in Chile, and hundreds of teachers have learned how to make their science classes fun and exciting. In other parts of the world, children can take part in events called Bioblitzes. ⑧ During a Bioblitz, scientists, families, students, teachers, and other people work together to collect as many different kinds of plants and animals as possible in a certain place, such as a park or a forest. ⑨ Bioblitzes are a fun way to help scientists and to discover more about the plants and animals around us. Science is important for all of us because it helps us understand our world. We can learn about science inside or outside of the classroom.#4.4 7. 细节理解题 Why do Chile’s small schools need the Science Bus? ( ) B A. They don’t have enough school buildings or clubs. B. They are short of science teachers and equipment. C. They need special materials to repeat experiments. 【解析】根据第二段第一句可知，智利的小的学校需要科学巴士 是因为它们缺少科学教师和设备。 26 8. 细节理解题 What do people do during a Bioblitz? ( ) C A. Recycle plastic bottles. B. Visit different schools. C. Collect plants and animals. 【解析】根据第四段第二句可知，在生物多样性普查活动期间， 人们会收集植物和动物。 27 考法7：细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查考生是否能在阅读文章的同时获取特定 的细节信息或理解特定信息的意义。 细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论 等进行提问，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键信息，考生 在审题后可快速锁定关键信息。关键信息可以帮助考生在文章中 锁定答案区域。 28 9. 推理判断题 What do the Science Bus and Bioblitzes have in common? ( ) A A. They make science learning interesting. B. They are popular with children in Chile. C. They choose science courses for schools. 【解析】根据第三段第二句及根据第四段第三句可推知，科学巴 士和生物多样性普查活动的共同之处是让科学学习变得有趣。 29 10. 写作意图题 What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? ( ) A A. To encourage us to learn science. B. To advise us to get close to nature. C. To introduce Chile’s schools to us. 【解析】通读文章可知，主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目以及生 物多样性普查活动，都与科学学习相关，最后还强调科学对我们 很重要，目的是鼓励我们学习科学。 30 考法8：写作意图题 写作意图题主要考查考生能否把握作者通过文章想要传达的 目的、意图或情感倾向。 写作意图题通常围绕文章整体或特定段落展开提问，题干常 出现 “purpose”等表述。考生需先梳理文章主旨，分析作者在介 绍内容时的情感、态度以及期望读者产生的反应，结合文章的体 裁、核心观点和行文风格来推断写作意图。 31 【拓展题型】 11. 文章出处题 Where is the text most probably from?( ) B A. A Chile adventure storybook. B. A science activity magazine. C. An environmental news report. 【解析】文章主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目以及生物多样性普 查活动，都属于科学范畴。 32 考法9：文章出处题 推断文章出处或类别要从文章内容、语言特色和标志信息着 手。 ①若选项是不同的出处，可参考以下情况作答： ●文章有极强的时效性或文章前有日期/地点或通讯社名称 →newspaper/news report（报纸/新闻报道） ●文章中网址、网页图标或其他网络用语→website（网站） ●介绍景点→travel guide/guide book（旅游指南） 33 ●时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine（杂志） ●推销产品→advertisement/notice board（广告/布告栏） ●活动介绍→notice board（布告栏） ②若选项为同一类别的不同栏目，考生应根据文章具体内容 判断其属于哪个范畴，常见的有：news（新闻）、story（故事）、 health（健康）、education（教育）、sports（运动）、technology （科技）、culture（文化）等。 12. 文本类型题 What kind of writing is the text?( ) C A. A poem. B. An interview. C. An introduction. 【解析】文章主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目以及生物多样性普 查活动，是一篇介绍。 35 考法10:文本类型题 文本类型题主要考查考生结合文章的主要内容及各类文体的 语言特点推断文本类型的能力。可参考以下方法解题： ①如果文章包含“Last year”“One day”等时间标志词，按照 事件发展的顺序展开内容，文本类型就是一则故事； ②如果文章包含“the man/woman recalled”“she/he added”“She told reporters”“China Daily”等采访标志词，文本类 型就是一篇报道； 36 ③如果文章有书信、日记、诗歌、访谈、对话、戏剧、便条 等格式，可根据文章的具体特点判断。 第四步：重读全文，核对答案。#1.4 38 $