Unit 5 课时1 Lesson 1（分层作业）英语新教材北师大版八年级下册

Unit 5 Be Green 课时1 Lesson 1 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇短语 fine n.罚金 unnecessary adj. 不需要的 limit n.限制;限量 production n.生产 cloth n.布料 metal n.金属 business n.企业,公司 reduce vt.减少 landfill n.垃圾填埋地 turn off关掉 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少 2. ________ /faɪn/ n.罚金 3. ________ /ʌnˈnesəsəri/ adj. 不需要的 4. ________ /ˈbɪznəs/ n.企业,公司 5. ________ /ˈlɪmɪt/ n.限制;限量 6. _______ /klɒθ/ n.布料 7. _______ /ˈlændfɪl/ n.垃圾填埋地 8. ________ /ˈmet(ə)l/ n.金属 9. _______ /prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.生产 10. _________关掉 【答案】reduce, fine, unnecessary, business, limit, cloth, landfill, metal, production, turn off 二、根据要求完成句子。 1.  离开房间时，请记得关掉所有的灯。     Please remember to ______ ______all the lights when you leave the room.  2.  这家工厂增加了汽车零部件的生产以满足市场需求。     The factory has increased the ______ of car parts to meet market demand. 3.  为节约用水，本市对居民生活用水实行了严格的限量。     To save water, the city has set a strict ______ on household water use for residents.  4.  他因违章停车收到了一张一百元的罚单。     He received a 100-yuan ______ for illegal parking. 5.  这尊雕塑是由金属制成的，非常坚固。     This sculpture is made of ______ and is very strong. 6.  为了环保，我们应该减少一次性塑料制品的使用。     For environmental protection, we should ______ the use of single-use plastics. 7.  他在市中心经营着一家成功的餐饮企业。     He runs a successful food and beverage ______ in the city centre.  8.  这件衣服是用柔软的棉布料做成的。     This dress is made of soft cotton ______.  9.  大部分不可回收的垃圾最终都会被送到垃圾填埋场。     Most non-recyclable waste ends up in a ______.  10. 带着不必要的行李旅行只会增加负担，这些都是不需要的。     Travelling with unnecessary luggage only adds burden; these are all ______.  【答案】 1.  turn off 2.  production 3.  limit 4.  fine 5.  metal 6.  reduce 7.  business 8.  cloth 9.  landfill 10. unnecessary 三 、单项选择 1．—Is this ________ umbrella? —No, it’s not ________. I think it’s Lily’s. A．your; mine B．your; my C．yours; mine D．you; my 2．The concert will start at 7:00 p. m. ________ June 15th. A．on B．at C．in D．to 3．You ________ play football in the street. It’s dangerous! A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．couldn’t 4．Students should eat more fruit and vegetables ________ they are good for health. A．so B．but C．because D．although 5．—________ have you stayed in Beijing? — For about ten years. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How much 6．This is ________ movie I’ve ever seen. I almost fell asleep. A．boring B．more boring C．the most boring D．bored 7．—Where is Lucy? —She ________ to the library but she ________ back in an hour. A．has gone; went B．has been; will be C．has been; goes D．has gone; will be 8．—Have you done your homework yet? —Yes, I ________ it already. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A． have done; have finished                 B．did; have finished         C．did; finished                           D．have done; finished 【答案】1．A 【详解】句意：——这是你的雨伞吗？——不，不是我的。我想它是Lily的。 考查物主代词。your; mine前者意为“你的”，是形容词性物主代词，后面接名词，后者为名词性物主代词，意为“我的”，相当于my+名词；yours; my前者意为“你的”，名词性物主代词，相当于 your+名词；后者意为“我的”，形容词性物主代词，后加名词；yours; mine均为名词性物主代词，前者意为“你的”，相当于 your+名词，后者意为“我的”，相当于my+名词；you; my前者意为“你”，人称代词主格，作主语，后者意为“我的”，形容词性物主代词，后加名词。第一空问“它是你的雨伞吗？”，后有名词umbrella，要用形容词性物主代词your；第二空根据“I think it’s Lily’s.”可知， “它不是我的雨伞”，要用名词性物主代词mine。故选A。 2．A 【详解】句意：这场音乐会将于6月15日晚上7点开始。 考查介词辨析。on在某一天；at在几点钟；in在几月/年/季节；to到。June 15th.为具体的日期，表示具体的日期需用介词on，故选A。 3．B 【详解】句意：不准你在街上踢球，这很危险。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；may not可能不；couldn’t不可以。根据“It’s dangerous!”可知，在街上踢球是很危险的，应该被禁止。故选B。 4．C 【详解】句意：学生应该多吃水果和蔬菜，因为它们对健康有好处。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；because因为；although尽管，虽然。分析前后句可知，前后句“多吃蔬菜和水果”与“它们对健康有好处”表示必然的因果关系，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 5．A 【详解】句意：——你在北京待了多久？——大约十年了。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长时间；How often多久一次；How soon多久以后；How much多少。根据答语“For about ten years.”可知，对这个持续的时间提问用How long，故选A。 6．C 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最无聊的电影。我几乎睡着了。 考查形容词最高级。boring无聊的，形容词原级；more boring更无聊的，形容词比较级；the most boring最无聊的，形容词最高级；bored无聊的，形容词原级。根据“I’ve ever seen”可知，这部电影是看过的全部电影中最无聊的，用最高级来修饰。故选C。 7．D 【详解】句意：——Lucy在哪儿？——她去了图书馆，但一小时后会回来。 考查动词时态。根据“Where is Lucy?”和“she...back in an hour.”可知，Lucy去了图书馆，还没回来，因此不在这里，应用现在完成时。have been to去了已回，have gone to去了未回，这里用have gone to；根据“in an hour.”可知，第二空应用一般将来时。故选D。 8．D 【详解】句意：——你做完作业了吗？——是的，我已经做完了。我十分钟前完成的。 考查动词时态。根据“already”可知，第一空用现在完成时，排除BC；根据“ten minutes ago.”可知，第二空时态是一般过去时，故选D。 四、完形填空。 Natural disasters like floods and typhoons can be very harmful. Last summer, a big typhoon hit our city. Everyone in my family was busy 1 preparations. My mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father 2 the house carefully. He repaired the broken door and 3 all the windows with glue and tape. My brother moved the flowers and other things indoors. I put the flashlights 4 our reach so we could find them easily in the dark. Typhoons can cause great damage. They can blow down trees and break windows. Sometimes they even 5 big floods. When floods happen, people may 6 their homes. Harmful insects may appear and 7 deadly diseases. These are the bad 8 of floods. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can 9 underground waterways and lead water to dry lands. This helps plants grow and brings water to wells and springs. Understanding 10 and effect helps us learn about natural disasters and how to prepare for them. We should always be ready and stay safe. 1．A．make B．making C．to make D．makes 2．A．check B．checks C．checked D．is checking 3．A．fix B．fixed C．fixes D．fixing 4．A．in B．on C．within D．from 5．A．cause B．make C．take D．get 6．A．lose B．lost C．losing D．loses 7．A．spread B．spreaded C．spreading D．spreads 8．A．causes B．effects C．reasons D．results 9．A．fill up B．fill with C．fill in D．fill out 10．A．cause B．effect C．reason D．result 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了台风和洪水等自然灾害的危害、影响，以及洪水也有好的一面，强调了解因果关系有助于我们应对自然灾害。 1．句意：我家每个人都在忙着做准备。 “be busy doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，所以此处应用“making”。“make”是动词原形，“to make”是动词不定式，“makes”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合该固定搭配。 2．句意：我爸爸仔细地检查了房子。 根据前文“Last summer”以及上下文描述的过去发生的一系列动作，可知此处应用一般过去时，“checked”是“check”的过去式，符合语境。“check”是动词原形，“checks”是第三人称单数形式，“is checking”是现在进行时，均不符合时态要求。 3．句意：他修理了坏掉的门，并用胶水和胶带固定了所有的窗户。 根据前文“repaired”以及上下文整体时态为一般过去时，可知此处也应用一般过去时，“fixed”是“fix”的过去式，符合语境。“fix”是动词原形，“fixes”是第三人称单数形式，“fixing”是现在分词形式，均不符合时态要求。 4．句意：我把手电筒放在我们够得着的地方，这样我们在黑暗中就能很容易地找到它们。 “within one’s reach”是固定短语，意为“在某人够得着的范围内”，所以此处应用“within”。“in”，“on”，“from”均不能与“our reach”构成该固定短语。 5．句意：有时它们甚至会引发大洪水。 “cause”有“引起；导致”的意思，“cause big floods”表示“引发大洪水”，符合语境。“make”通常表示“制作；使成为”等意思；“take”意为“拿走；带走”等；“get”意为“得到；获得”等，均不符合“引发洪水”的语境。 6．句意：当洪水发生时，人们可能会失去他们的家园。 “may”是情态动词，后接动词原形，“lose”是动词原形，符合语法规则。“lost”是“lose”的过去式和过去分词，“losing”是现在分词形式，“loses”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合情态动词后接动词原形的规则。 7．句意：有害的昆虫可能会出现并传播致命的疾病。 “may”是情态动词，后接动词原形，“spread”是动词原形，意为“传播”，符合语法规则。“spreaded”拼写错误，“spreading”是现在分词形式，“spreads”是第三人称单数形式，均不符合情态动词后接动词原形的规则。 8．句意：这些是洪水的坏影响。 根据前文描述洪水带来的各种危害，可知此处说的是洪水的“影响”，“effects”意为“影响；效果”，符合语境。“causes”意为“原因”；“reasons”意为“理由”；“results”意为“结果”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：例如，洪水可以填满地下河道，并把水引到干旱的土地上。 “fill up”意为“填满；装满”，“fill up underground waterways”表示“填满地下河道”，符合语境。“fill with”表示“用……填满”，后面需要接宾语；“fill in”意为“填写；填充”；“fill out”意为“填写；变丰满”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：了解原因和结果有助于我们了解自然灾害以及如何为它们做准备。 根据后文“and effect”可知，此处应填“cause”，“cause and effect”表示“因果关系”，符合语境。“effect”意为“影响；效果”；“reason”意为“理由”；“result”意为“结果”，均不符合语境。 五、阅读理解。 No noisy cars, no smoky kitchens, no sad wild animals—sounds nice, right? These aren’t just dreams: the Netherlands, Mexico, and Ecuador made them real. Let’s see how.The Netherlands In the 1970s, Groningen faced serious traffic problems because of too many cars in the city centre. The local government took away the motorway and replaced (取代) it with green spaces, areas for walking, paths for cycles and buses. Cars can’t park in the market square and enter the city centre. Today, 61% of trips in the city are done by bicycle. The city centre is full of places for bikes to park and most buildings have bicycle parks. As a result, today Groningen has got the cleanest air of any big Dutch city.Mexico In many countries, people still cook and warm their homes using open fires, which cause health problems because of smoke and gas. The Patsari stove, developed in Mexico, uses less wood and makes indoor air better. It has a chimney (烟囱) that takes smoke outside. Health studies show that families with this stove get 30% fewer lung infections (感染) and 50% fewer eye infections.Ecuador The Bigal River Nature Park, between the Amazon and the Andes, is home to different animals and birds. However, human activity has a negative effect on the wildlife there. Many animals and birds are in danger because the forests are getting smaller and people hunt them. To show people how wonderful the nature park is, the Sumac Muyu Foundation set up camera traps (野生动物监测相机) in 2014. They take videos of animals and study the changes in their activities. The videos can help stop new building projects in the nature park. In conclusion, different places around the world are taking creative local actions to solve their own environmental problems. 1．How did Groningen solve its traffic problem? A．By producing fewer cars. B．By encouraging green trips. C．By adding more car parks. D．By building new motorways. 2．Why did people in Mexico develop the Patsari stove? A．To cook food more easily. B．To stop fires from happening. C．To reduce wood use and improve air. D．To provide heating during cold seasons. 3．What does the underlined word “negative” probably mean? A．weak B．terrible C．great D．helpful 4．Which can be another example of this passage? A．India built 50 new hospitals each year. B．France added 20 train lines between cities. C．China developed over 100 waste-free cities. D．South Africa gave free textbooks to students. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了荷兰、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔三个国家分别通过绿色出行、清洁炉灶、野生动物监测等创新举措来解决当地的环境问题。 1．第二段指出：“The local government took away the motorway and replaced it with green spaces, areas for walking, paths for cycles and buses.”，第三段指出：“Today, 61% of trips in the city are done by bicycle.”，这表明政府通过拆除高速公路、建设步行道、自行车道和公交专用道来鼓励绿色出行。 2．第四段指出：“The Patsari stove…uses less wood and makes indoor air better.”，这说明研发这种炉灶是为了减少木材使用并改善空气质量。 3．第六段指出：“However, human activity has a negative effect on the wildlife there. Many animals and birds are in danger because the forests are getting smaller and people hunt them.”，以及根据后文“动物处于危险之中”、“森林减少”和“人类捕猎”这些具体的描述，可以推断出人类活动带来的影响是“糟糕的”或“不利的”。“terrible”意为“糟糕的”，与这种负面的语境相符。 4．本文主题是各国采取环保行动解决环境问题。中国建设无废城市属于环保举措，与文章主题一致；其他选项分别关于医疗、交通、教育，与环保无关。 Part 1: Read and Explore A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change. For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang. The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres. Yue was the youngest in the “Climate Action” climbing team. The project’s goal was to make people realize the danger of global warming by visiting snowy mountains. “I loved nature when I was a kid. I often climbed mountains in Beijing. In recent years more and more news reports have talked about the environment being destroyed (破坏), and I feel quite upset about it,” said Yue. “Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川),” said Yue. Along the way, Yue also collected snow samples, which was part of the project’s tasks. The samples will be given to scientists to study how air pollution forms. “We say ‘saving Earth’ every day, but I think taking real action is more important than just talking,” said Yue. “I hope my story can draw more young people’s attention to the serious problem of global warming. What I’ve experienced has shown that global warming is really not far away.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What did Yue Kailang climb mountains to draw attention to? _______________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yue Kailang’s experience of climbing last? _______________________________________________________ 3．How old was Yue Kailang when he reached the top of Mount Muztagata? _______________________________________________________ 4．What place is an ideal place to research climate change? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Climate change. 2．For 14 days. 3．16 years old. 4．Mount Muztagata. 【导语】本文主要介绍了16 岁的北京少年岳开良为唤起人们对全球变暖的关注，历经 14 天艰险成功登顶新疆慕士塔格峰并采集雪样助力科研。 1．根据“A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change.”可知，作者爬山注意到了气候变化。故填Climate change. 2．根据“For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang.”可知，作者的爬山之旅持续了14天。故填For 14 days. 3．根据“The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres.”可知，作者16岁登到山顶。故填16 years old. 4．根据“Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川).”可知，Mount Muztagata是调查气候变化的理想之地。故填Mount Muztagata. Task 2: Should we do something helpful for our Earth? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】此题为开放题，言之有理即可。故填Yes, we should. Because we have only one Earth, we should protect it. （开放题，答案不唯一） 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Be Green 课时1 Lesson 1 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇短语 fine n.罚金 unnecessary adj. 不需要的 limit n.限制;限量 production n.生产 cloth n.布料 metal n.金属 business n.企业,公司 reduce vt.减少 landfill n.垃圾填埋地 turn off关掉 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少 2. ________ /faɪn/ n.罚金 3. ________ /ʌnˈnesəsəri/ adj. 不需要的 4. ________ /ˈbɪznəs/ n.企业,公司 5. ________ /ˈlɪmɪt/ n.限制;限量 6. _______ /klɒθ/ n.布料 7. _______ /ˈlændfɪl/ n.垃圾填埋地 8. ________ /ˈmet(ə)l/ n.金属 9. _______ /prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n.生产 10. _________关掉 二、根据要求完成句子。 1.  离开房间时，请记得关掉所有的灯。     Please remember to ______ ______all the lights when you leave the room.  2.  这家工厂增加了汽车零部件的生产以满足市场需求。     The factory has increased the ______ of car parts to meet market demand. 3.  为节约用水，本市对居民生活用水实行了严格的限量。     To save water, the city has set a strict ______ on household water use for residents.  4.  他因违章停车收到了一张一百元的罚单。     He received a 100-yuan ______ for illegal parking. 5.  这尊雕塑是由金属制成的，非常坚固。     This sculpture is made of ______ and is very strong. 6.  为了环保，我们应该减少一次性塑料制品的使用。     For environmental protection, we should ______ the use of single-use plastics. 7.  他在市中心经营着一家成功的餐饮企业。     He runs a successful food and beverage ______ in the city centre.  8.  这件衣服是用柔软的棉布料做成的。     This dress is made of soft cotton ______.  9.  大部分不可回收的垃圾最终都会被送到垃圾填埋场。     Most non-recyclable waste ends up in a ______.  10. 带着不必要的行李旅行只会增加负担，这些都是不需要的。     Travelling with unnecessary luggage only adds burden; these are all ______.  三 、单项选择 1．—Is this ________ umbrella? —No, it’s not ________. I think it’s Lily’s. A．your; mine B．your; my C．yours; mine D．you; my 2．The concert will start at 7:00 p. m. ________ June 15th. A．on B．at C．in D．to 3．You ________ play football in the street. It’s dangerous! A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．couldn’t 4．Students should eat more fruit and vegetables ________ they are good for health. A．so B．but C．because D．although 5．—________ have you stayed in Beijing? — For about ten years. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How much 6．This is ________ movie I’ve ever seen. I almost fell asleep. A．boring B．more boring C．the most boring D．bored 7．—Where is Lucy? —She ________ to the library but she ________ back in an hour. A．has gone; went B．has been; will be C．has been; goes D．has gone; will be 8．—Have you done your homework yet? —Yes, I ________ it already. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A． have done; have finished                 B．did; have finished         C．did; finished                           D．have done; finished 四、完形填空。 Natural disasters like floods and typhoons can be very harmful. Last summer, a big typhoon hit our city. Everyone in my family was busy 1 preparations. My mother went to the supermarket to buy food and water. My father 2 the house carefully. He repaired the broken door and 3 all the windows with glue and tape. My brother moved the flowers and other things indoors. I put the flashlights 4 our reach so we could find them easily in the dark. Typhoons can cause great damage. They can blow down trees and break windows. Sometimes they even 5 big floods. When floods happen, people may 6 their homes. Harmful insects may appear and 7 deadly diseases. These are the bad 8 of floods. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can 9 underground waterways and lead water to dry lands. This helps plants grow and brings water to wells and springs. Understanding 10 and effect helps us learn about natural disasters and how to prepare for them. We should always be ready and stay safe. 1．A．make B．making C．to make D．makes 2．A．check B．checks C．checked D．is checking 3．A．fix B．fixed C．fixes D．fixing 4．A．in B．on C．within D．from 5．A．cause B．make C．take D．get 6．A．lose B．lost C．losing D．loses 7．A．spread B．spreaded C．spreading D．spreads 8．A．causes B．effects C．reasons D．results 9．A．fill up B．fill with C．fill in D．fill out 10．A．cause B．effect C．reason D．result 五、阅读理解。 No noisy cars, no smoky kitchens, no sad wild animals—sounds nice, right? These aren’t just dreams: the Netherlands, Mexico, and Ecuador made them real. Let’s see how.The Netherlands In the 1970s, Groningen faced serious traffic problems because of too many cars in the city centre. The local government took away the motorway and replaced (取代) it with green spaces, areas for walking, paths for cycles and buses. Cars can’t park in the market square and enter the city centre. Today, 61% of trips in the city are done by bicycle. The city centre is full of places for bikes to park and most buildings have bicycle parks. As a result, today Groningen has got the cleanest air of any big Dutch city.Mexico In many countries, people still cook and warm their homes using open fires, which cause health problems because of smoke and gas. The Patsari stove, developed in Mexico, uses less wood and makes indoor air better. It has a chimney (烟囱) that takes smoke outside. Health studies show that families with this stove get 30% fewer lung infections (感染) and 50% fewer eye infections.Ecuador The Bigal River Nature Park, between the Amazon and the Andes, is home to different animals and birds. However, human activity has a negative effect on the wildlife there. Many animals and birds are in danger because the forests are getting smaller and people hunt them. To show people how wonderful the nature park is, the Sumac Muyu Foundation set up camera traps (野生动物监测相机) in 2014. They take videos of animals and study the changes in their activities. The videos can help stop new building projects in the nature park. In conclusion, different places around the world are taking creative local actions to solve their own environmental problems. 1．How did Groningen solve its traffic problem? A．By producing fewer cars. B．By encouraging green trips. C．By adding more car parks. D．By building new motorways. 2．Why did people in Mexico develop the Patsari stove? A．To cook food more easily. B．To stop fires from happening. C．To reduce wood use and improve air. D．To provide heating during cold seasons. 3．What does the underlined word “negative” probably mean? A．weak B．terrible C．great D．helpful 4．Which can be another example of this passage? A．India built 50 new hospitals each year. B．France added 20 train lines between cities. C．China developed over 100 waste-free cities. D．South Africa gave free textbooks to students. Part 1: Read and Explore A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change. For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang. The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres. Yue was the youngest in the “Climate Action” climbing team. The project’s goal was to make people realize the danger of global warming by visiting snowy mountains. “I loved nature when I was a kid. I often climbed mountains in Beijing. In recent years more and more news reports have talked about the environment being destroyed (破坏), and I feel quite upset about it,” said Yue. “Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川),” said Yue. Along the way, Yue also collected snow samples, which was part of the project’s tasks. The samples will be given to scientists to study how air pollution forms. “We say ‘saving Earth’ every day, but I think taking real action is more important than just talking,” said Yue. “I hope my story can draw more young people’s attention to the serious problem of global warming. What I’ve experienced has shown that global warming is really not far away.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What did Yue Kailang climb mountains to draw attention to? _______________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yue Kailang’s experience of climbing last? _______________________________________________________ 3．How old was Yue Kailang when he reached the top of Mount Muztagata? _______________________________________________________ 4．What place is an ideal place to research climate change? _______________________________________________________ Task 2: Should we do something helpful for our Earth? Why or why not? _______________________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $