专题14 宾语从句、定语从句考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）

专题14宾语从句、定语从句考点归纳 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义及位置 在句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句多位于及物动词（接宾语或双宾语）或介词之后。 例：I wonder whether they will have the races again next year. whether引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语 He told me what he did yesterday afternoon. what引导的宾语从句作told的宾语（tell sb.sth.双宾语结构） She is thinking about what she will do after graduation. what引导的宾语从句作about的宾语 二、宾语从句的连接词 连接词 连接词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略 He said（that）he was good at swimming. if/whether（是否） 不作成分，但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 连接代词：what（什么）、which（哪一个/些）、who（谁）、whose（谁的）、whom（谁） 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 I don't know what they are going to do. 连接副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因）、how（表方式） 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live? Do you know how they found the place? 随堂训练 1．（2026·上海嘉定·一模）—Could you tell me ________ you spent New Year’s Day this year, Peter? —We had a family get-together and went to an amusement park. A．what B．when C．how D．where 2．（2025·湖北襄阳·一模）—Could you tell me ______ the nearest post office is? —Go down this street and turn left. You’ll find it easily. A．what B．how C．where D．when 3．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 4．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Did you notice someone was passing? —Yes, I did. I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly ______ she was. A．where B．what C．how D．who 5．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Do you know ________ it’s important to protect these ancient trees? —I think they carry historical and cultural information, connecting us to the past. A．how B．when C．where D．why 三、宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从不限） 例：I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。（主过从也过） 例：He told me that he would take part in the competition. He said he was at home at that time. 3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时。（真理永一现） 例：He told me that the earth goes round the sun. 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）—Could you tell me when ________? —At 10:25, in ten minutes. A．the bus has left B．the bus had left C．the bus would leave D．the bus will leave 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—I forget ________. Do you know? —At nine o’clock, in ten minutes. A．why the speech will begin B．when the speech has begun C．why the speech begins D．when the speech will begin 3．（2025·广东汕头·二模）Before going shopping, Mrs. Depp listed ________ for the next week on a piece of paper. A．what she would need B．what would she need C．what she will need D．what will she need 4．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—Could you tell me ________? —Sure. She lives on the second floor. A．where does she live B．where she lives C．where did she live D．where she lived 5．（24-25九年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 四、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子变成一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照“先主语，后谓语”的顺序。 句1：When will they visit the museum? 句2：Do you know it? 合并后：Do you know when they will visit the museum? 更多例句：I wonder where he lives. I don't know whether/if he is right. Can you tell me where the library is? 五、宾语从句的写作 宾语从句——否定前移 有时在含宾语从句的主从复合句中，意思上属于that从句的否定可以转移到主句。（写作中易错） 写作示例 我认为你不对。 I think you are not（否定应在主句谓语动词处）right.（×） →I don't think you are right.（√） 否定前移需要满足2个条件:①主句的主语是I或者是we。②主句的谓语动词是表示“认为,相信,猜测”等概念的动词，如think、believe、suppose、expect等。 注意如果主语不是第一人称，则不能进行否定前移。例如：She thinks she can't arrive here on time.她认为她不能按时到这里。 随堂训练 1．（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）—I think it’s difficult to write the English report in two days. I really don’t know ________. —Plan your time well, and you can make it. A．why I have to do it B．when will I finish it C．how I can do it D．if can I finish it 2．（24-25九年级上·河北张家口·期末）—May I come in? I’m sorry I’m late. —Come in, please. But could you tell me ________? A．how do you come to school B．what were you doing C．whom you came with D．why you are late 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Tom, do you know ________ the art festival? I can’t wait to get started. A．where will we hold B．how we will hold C．when will we hold D．when we will hold 4．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）—Do you know ________ the new mobile phone last week? —Maybe 2,500 yuan. I am not quite sure. A．how much she paid for B．how much will she pay for C．how much she pays for D．how much she will pay for 5．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）You can’t imagine ________ when she heard the good news. A．how excited was she B．how excited she was C．how she was exciting D．how exciting she was 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义及位置 在主从复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句（亦称“关系从句”）。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。其结构如下所示： ①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（画横线的内容为主句） who引导的定语从句修饰先行词The boys，意为“正在踢足球的男孩 ②I like music that I can dance to.（画横线的内容为主句） that引导的定语从句修饰先行词music，意为“我能跟随起舞的音乐’ 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that、which、who、whom等）和关系副词（when、where、why）。初中阶段主要掌握由关系代词that、who、which引导的定语从句。关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 关系词 用法 示例 that（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指人 Who is the man that is sitting over there?（that作从句主语） 正在那边坐着的那个人是谁? The girl（that）we saw yesterday was Tom's sister.（that作从句宾语，可省略）我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。 指物 I like the apples that are grown in my hometown.（that作从句主语） 我喜欢我家乡种植的苹果。 You can choose anything（that）you like.（that作从句宾语，可省略） 你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。 which（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指物 I love the books which were written by Lu Xun.（which作从句主语） 我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 The story（which）he told was very popular.（which作从句宾语，可省略） 他讲的那个故事很受欢迎。 who（在从句中作主语或宾语）,whom（在从句中作宾语） 指人 I love the singers who sing words clearly.（who作从句主语） 我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清晰的歌手。 whose（在从句中作定语） 指人/物 He's the man whose opinion I respect.（whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词opinion）他是那个我尊重其意见的人。 拓展关系代词指物时，只能用that，不能用which的几种情况 1.先行词为不定代词all、any、few、little、much、nothing、everything、something、anything等或被其修饰时。 2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 3.先行词被the one、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。 4.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 随堂训练 1．（2026·四川南充·模拟预测）Among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖), the dragon is the only one ________ is not real. A．which B．who C．that D．what 2．（2025九年级·全国·专题练习）—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely. —I think it’s very useful in our life. A．which B．whom C．where D．whose 3．（2025·吉林长春·三模）The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 4．（2025·吉林长春·二模）Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．whose B．which C．what D．who 6．（2025·江西·模拟预测）The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 7．（2025·广东汕头·一模）Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 8．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 9．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 10．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 二、定语从句的写作 定语从句“加减法” 定语从句是名词或代词的修饰成分，学生在阅读中可以先识别定语从句，从而给复合句做减法，理解主句之后，再理解修饰成分的内容。 例1：According to the research,people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.该句中“who...them”为定语从句，做减法后，先理解主句“据研究，人们可以影响其他人”，再结合定语从句“那些吃蔬菜并表现出明显不喜欢蔬菜的人”，即可理解整句。 在写作中，需要用定语从句给句子做加法，使文章内容更充实。 例2：I can give you some suggestions.→增加定语从句修饰suggestions→I can give you some suggestions that may help you make new friends. 例3：This is a great way to meet other people.→增加定语从句修饰people→This is a great way to meet other people who may have the same interests as you. 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．—I wonder your friendship started. —By travelling! 2．—Excuse me,could you please tell me the band will begin playing this afternoon? —At three o'clock. 3．For more than 2,000 years,doctors recorded they found in books.These ancient books are still useful today. 4．They couldn't understand I wanted to live somewhere that was so cold and far from home.But I simply said,“I love it.” 5．The teacher always encourages us to ask questions and explore new ideas makes our science class full of fun and surprises. 6．These tests can't measure（衡量）all the things make you wonderful and special.Your results from these tests will not tell you everything. 7．A kid doesn't stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. 8．As the name suggests,Soapen is a pen is made out of soap. 9．The book tells the exciting story of a young adventurer traveling around the world has become the most popular one in our school library. 10．Surrounded by tall trees,the park is located near our school has a big lake,where we often go boating on weekends. 11．With bright eyes and a warm smile,the girl sits next to me in class and often helps me with English is very kind and patient. 12.I don't know they managed to finish the project in just three days.It's unbelievable! 13.The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table is made by my grandpa. 14.She stayed at home yesterday she had a bad cold and needed to rest. 15.Most plants cannot survive for a long time without enough water.The plants will die you water them every two days. 16.—Do you know the 33rd Olympic Games will be held? —Of course!In Paris,France. 17.—Tim,do you know we will hold the art festival? —Sure!Next Friday. 18. sleep is so important,many people these days are not getting enough. 19.With the teachers'help,we have greatly improved ourselves we entered junior high schools three years ago. 二、短文填空综合练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 It was Cassie's first time visiting the National Museum of China.She wondered whether she could see all the things in just one day. 1 she got in,she asked at the information desk 2 there was a quickest route for the tour.The lady behind the desk asked Cassie 3 she was interested in the most.Cassie said 4 she loved Chinese paintings.So the lady showed her 5 venue（场馆）she should go first.During her tour,Cassie saw a lot of people carrying a kind of headphones explaining the paintings.She asked one woman 6 she could find these headphones.With the woman's help,Cassie rented one and learned 7 she could use it.She had quite a meaningful day. 三、翻译句子 1．我想知道他们最后是怎么做到的。（wonder） __________________________________ 2．你可以学习如何做中餐和西餐。（both...and...） ________________________________________________________________ 3．那个女孩非常有创造力，总能想出新主意。（so...that） ___________________________________________________________________ 4．我爸爸和我都不去参加会议。（neither...nor...） __________________________________________________ 5．当我遇到需要帮助的人时,我会愿意帮助他们。（be willing to） ________________________________________________________________ 6．这个假期我要么待在家里读书,要么出门旅行。（either...or...） ___________________________________________________________________ 7．你不仅会学到东西,还会结交新朋友。（not only...but also...） ___________________________________________________________________ 四．语法选择 A （2025·广东梅州·一模）I was not a confident person before. That’s because I was fat and 1 often laughed at me. As a result, I became very shy. I was scared 2 hello to strangers. I was afraid to ask 3 questions and speak loud in public. I used to believe that I would be like this all my life. But one day, my friend Paul’s words changed my mind. He encouraged me to change 4 . He said, “If you can give it a try, you still probably make a change. But 5 you never try, your life is only going to get worse.” I 6 by what he said. Why not have a try? The first thing I did was to lose weight. I had a strict diet and did exercise every day. After six months, I lost ninety pounds. This taught me that I 7 change myself. A few months later, I 8 about a speech competition at my university. I made up my mind to join in the competition. For the first time, I was able to share my story and speak loud in front of lots of people. After the competition, I made 9 to-do list and started changing in a very short time. I tried my 10 to complete the things on the list one by one. When working on them, I became more and more confident. 1．A．other B．the other C．others 2．A．say B．to say C．saying 3．A．simple B．simply C．simpleness 4．A．myself B．me C．I 5．A．since B．if C．although 6．A．blow away B．blew away C．was blown away 7．A．must B．could C．need 8．A．hear B．heard C．have heard 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．good B．better C．best B （2025·广东梅州·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Over the past forty-one years, a forest ranger (护林员) couple has given up the well-paid job and convenience in the city and turned to protect trees. Living in 1 condition than that in cities for many years, Tang Zitian and his wife, Li Qinglian, live on the Baituchong forest farm in Huitong County, Hunan Province. They help to breed (培育) 132 species of fir trees (冷杉). Their two daughters 2 by their grandparents. Tang and Li regularly walk 20 kilometers 3 for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest. And there has not been a single fire 4 their base was established. They also need to measure the diameters (直径) of certain trees, collect seeds and other data of trees.Their diaries record 5 they see about sample trees every year, month and day. Even a little growth of a tree makes the couple excited. In 1981, the central government 6 planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm. Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help 7 the work. Luckily a few years later he married Li, who 8 as a ranger, too. But at the time, they each earned 1.50 yuan a day. And 9 living condition was too poor. Many of their co-workers moved to work in cities. But the couple decided to stay! Every now and then, some scientists came and helped 10 try some experiments so that they could breed new fir trees. Now their living condition has changed for better with their effort. 1．A．bad B．worse C．worst 2．A．raised B．were raising C．were raised 3．A．to check B．checking C．check 4．A．till B．since C．before 5．A．who B．what C．how 6．A．starts B．started C．has started 7．A．with B．for C．from 8．A．was working B．is working C．work 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．it B．their C．them 五．选择填空 A （2025·广东梅州·三模） history; hole; seven; deep; or; pull; however; and; they; high; hundred; avoid In the deep winter of Northeast China, many animals fall into a deep sleep. 1 , signs of next spring have appeared at Chagan Lake. People here are known as the “last fishing and hunting tribe (狩猎部落) in Northern China”. Chagan Lake is in Jilin Province and it is the 2 largest freshwater lake in China. The lake is over 400 km² and up to 6m 3 . It has a rich ecosystem with over 60 kinds of fishes. The area has a long 4 of fishing and hunting. Winter fishing ceremonies date back 5 of years. People use tools to make 6 in the ice through which they drop the nets (网). Later, huge nets are 7 from the water, bringing tens of thousands of fish onto the ice-covered surface. To keep the local fishing and hunting culture 8 to make sure it develops in an environmentally friendly way, the local fishermen have changed their nets with small holes to nets with big holes. They also scientifically place baby fish as planned and make sure that 9 can live healthily in the lake. Besides, they have been following traditional fishing methods, trying to 10 water pollution. As a result, Chagan Lake’ s fish are known for their high quality and great taste. This winter, come to Chagan Lake! B （2025·广东梅州·一模）请从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 far  never  little  watch  begin  one  use  their  also  create  in  if How does technology change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do more in 1 time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example. People made letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places 2 from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It 3 in England. In 1992, the 4 words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be 5 for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message 6 the sky. The pilot 7 their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky. 8 it’s a snowy day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, but we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so 9 to have romantic (浪漫的) time! However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change 10 lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up. 六.语法填空 A （2025·浙江金华·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 What is the moon’s far side like? Dark, cold and empty. Nobody 1 (be) there yet. But in June, 2024, it had 2 visitor—China’s Chang’e-6 probe (探测器). The launch (发射) of the Chang’e-6 probe was 3 (success). Then with the help of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite (中继卫星), the probe landed on the moon on June 2nd. On June 3rd, it finished collecting the samples (样品) on the moon’s far side and left the Chinese word zhong there. China is the 4 (one) country to collect samples from the moon’s far side. “The probe has worked well 5 it left Earth and is going to come back to Earth around June 25.” one space expert said. The Chang’e-6 probe used new smart tools to help collect samples. “The probe can 6 (simple) do it by itself even if we stop communication,” the expert added. “From 1970 7 2024, China has made great progress in space industry and the achievements belong to many excellent scientists and astronauts. Collecting and 8 (bring) the samples from the far side of the moon are unbelievable. If the Chang’e-6 can achieve 9 (it) goal, the samples will help us to know more and 10 (well) about the history and development of the moon.” another expert said. B （2025·浙江金华·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Liu Qiangdong, the founder of JD．com, delivered (递送) takeout to customers in person. On April 21st, the piece of news 1 (spread) on the Internet. Someone in Beijing shared 2 photo on the Internet, in which Liu Qiangdong was wearing a red work uniform of JD Takeout, and holding a takeout package in his hand. He was excited and wrote, “I receive the takeout delivered 3 Mr. Liu himself!” This news quickly drew many 4 (people) attention and sparked a lot of discussion. When the reporter asked JD．com about it, the company replied, “It’s true. Thank you all for your support for JD Takeout.” Nowadays, takeout food is so popular in China 5 food safety becomes more important than before. Liu Qiangdong said JD．com would like 6 (create) good and safe takeout food. His action shows his deep concern for the 7 (develop) of JD Takeout. 8 (recent), JD．com has been making efforts in the takeout market. It is working harder to attract 9 (many) restaurants. However, as the competition in the takeout market heats up, there are both challenges and opportunities. Whether JD Takeout can achieve 10 (it) goal is still unsure. Let’s wait and see. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14宾语从句、定语从句考点归纳 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义及位置 在句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句多位于及物动词（接宾语或双宾语）或介词之后。 例：I wonder whether they will have the races again next year. whether引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语 He told me what he did yesterday afternoon. what引导的宾语从句作told的宾语（tell sb.sth.双宾语结构） She is thinking about what she will do after graduation. what引导的宾语从句作about的宾语 二、宾语从句的连接词 连接词 连接词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略 He said（that）he was good at swimming. if/whether（是否） 不作成分，但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 连接代词：what（什么）、which（哪一个/些）、who（谁）、whose（谁的）、whom（谁） 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 I don't know what they are going to do. 连接副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因）、how（表方式） 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live? Do you know how they found the place? 随堂训练 1．（2026·上海嘉定·一模）—Could you tell me ________ you spent New Year’s Day this year, Peter? —We had a family get-together and went to an amusement park. A．what B．when C．how D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 彼得，你能告诉我今年你是怎么过元旦的吗？—— 我们举办了家庭聚会，还去了游乐园。 考查特殊疑问词辨析。what询问“事物”；when询问“时间”；how询问“方式、方法”；where询问“地点”。根据答句“had a family get-together and went to an amusement park”（举办家庭聚会、去游乐园）可知，此处是询问过元旦的“方式”，“how”符合语境。故选C。 2．（2025·湖北襄阳·一模）—Could you tell me ______ the nearest post office is? —Go down this street and turn left. You’ll find it easily. A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪里吗？——沿着这条街走然后左转。你会很容易找到它。 考查宾语从句。what什么；how如何；where哪里；when何时。根据答语“Go down this street and turn left”可知是提供方向指示，问句应询问地点，需用where引导宾语从句。故选C。 3．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道我怎样能保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗？——首先，你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么，询问原因；where在哪里，询问地点；how怎样，询问方式；which哪一个，通常用于在一定范围内进行选择。根据答语“First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.”可知，这是在给出保护眼睛的方式建议，所以问句是在询问“怎样保护眼睛”，应该用how来引导宾语从句。故选C。 4．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Did you notice someone was passing? —Yes, I did. I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly ______ she was. A．where B．what C．how D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你注意到有人经过了吗？——是的，我注意到了。我知道那是一个女孩，但我没有看清楚她是谁。 考查宾语从句的连接词。where哪里；what什么；how如何；who谁。根据“I knew it was a girl, but I didn’t see clearly...she was”可知知道是一个女孩，但是没看清楚是谁，用who引导宾语从句。故选D。 5．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Do you know ________ it’s important to protect these ancient trees? —I think they carry historical and cultural information, connecting us to the past. A．how B．when C．where D．why 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么保护这些古树很重要吗？——我认为它们承载着历史和文化的讯息，将我们与过去相连。 考查宾语从句连接词。how怎样；when何时；where何地；why为什么。根据答句“I think they carry historical and cultural information, connecting us to the past”可知，这是在解释保护古树重要的原因，因此问句询问的是“为什么”。故选D。 三、宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从不限） 例：I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。（主过从也过） 例：He told me that he would take part in the competition. He said he was at home at that time. 3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时。（真理永一现） 例：He told me that the earth goes round the sun. 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）—Could you tell me when ________? —At 10:25, in ten minutes. A．the bus has left B．the bus had left C．the bus would leave D．the bus will leave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我公交车什么时候离开吗？——10点25分，10分钟后。 考查宾语从句的时态。宾语从句需用陈述语序，选项均为陈述语序；根据答语“in ten minutes”（10分钟后）可知，动作尚未发生，需用一般将来时，D项“the bus will leave”表示将来，符合语境。故选D。 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—I forget ________. Do you know? —At nine o’clock, in ten minutes. A．why the speech will begin B．when the speech has begun C．why the speech begins D．when the speech will begin 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我忘了演讲什么时候开始。你知道吗？——九点，十分钟后。 考查宾语从句。根据“I forget”以及“At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.”可知，此处应用宾语从句，用陈述句语序，且从句应与时间有关，描述将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时。故选D。 3．（2025·广东汕头·二模）Before going shopping, Mrs. Depp listed ________ for the next week on a piece of paper. A．what she would need B．what would she need C．what she will need D．what will she need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去购物之前，德普太太在一张纸上列出了她下周需要的东西。 考查宾语从句。根据“Mrs. Depp listed”可知，此处应用宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除B和D选项；主句时态为一般过去时，从句应用一般过去时，排除C选项。故选A。 4．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—Could you tell me ________? —Sure. She lives on the second floor. A．where does she live B．where she lives C．where did she live D．where she lived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我她住在哪里吗？——当然。她住在二楼。 考查宾语从句。根据问句“—Could you tell me...?”可知，此处是宾语从句，在宾语从句中，需要用陈述语序，所以可以先排除疑问语序的“where does she live”和“where did she live”；根据答句“She lives on the second floor.”可知，句子描述的是现在的居住情况，时态为一般现在时，因此从句也应用一般现在时，“where she lived”是一般过去时，不符合语境，选项B“where she lives”符合陈述语序和时态要求。故选B。 5．（24-25九年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师问我们为什么上课迟到。 考查宾语从句。此处作为宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语，排除BD两项，主句谓语asked是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时，故选C。 四、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子变成一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照“先主语，后谓语”的顺序。 句1：When will they visit the museum? 句2：Do you know it? 合并后：Do you know when they will visit the museum? 更多例句：I wonder where he lives. I don't know whether/if he is right. Can you tell me where the library is? 五、宾语从句的写作 宾语从句——否定前移 有时在含宾语从句的主从复合句中，意思上属于that从句的否定可以转移到主句。（写作中易错） 写作示例 我认为你不对。 I think you are not（否定应在主句谓语动词处）right.（×） →I don't think you are right.（√） 否定前移需要满足2个条件:①主句的主语是I或者是we。②主句的谓语动词是表示“认为,相信,猜测”等概念的动词，如think、believe、suppose、expect等。 注意如果主语不是第一人称，则不能进行否定前移。例如：She thinks she can't arrive here on time.她认为她不能按时到这里。 随堂训练 1．（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）—I think it’s difficult to write the English report in two days. I really don’t know ________. —Plan your time well, and you can make it. A．why I have to do it B．when will I finish it C．how I can do it D．if can I finish it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我觉得在两天内写完这份英语报告很难。我真的不知道我该怎么做。——好好规划你的时间，你就能完成。 考查宾语从句的语序和连接词辨析。why I have to do it我为什么必须做它；when will I finish it我什么时候能完成它 (语序错误)；how I can do it我该怎么做；if can I finish it我是否能完成它 (语序错误)。根据答句“Plan your time well, and you can make it.”可知，前者在表达对如何完成的困惑，后者建议规划时间，因此应选与“方式、方法”相关的how。此外，宾语从句需用陈述语序 (主语在前，谓语在后)，B和D为疑问语序，排除。故选C。 2．（24-25九年级上·河北张家口·期末）—May I come in? I’m sorry I’m late. —Come in, please. But could you tell me ________? A．how do you come to school B．what were you doing C．whom you came with D．why you are late 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以进来吗？对不起，我迟到了。——请进来。但是你能告诉我你为什么迟到吗？ 考查宾语从句。how do you come to school你怎么来学校的，疑问语序；what were you doing你在做什么，疑问语序；whom you came with你和谁一起来的，陈述语序；why you are late你为什么迟到，陈述语序。根据“could you tell me...?”可知，空格处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序；结合“I’m late”可知，第一人迟到，第二人是在询问原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选D。 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Tom, do you know ________ the art festival? I can’t wait to get started. A．where will we hold B．how we will hold C．when will we hold D．when we will hold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆，你知道我们什么时候举办艺术节吗？我迫不及待想开始了。 考查宾语从句。where will we hold我们在哪里举办，疑问语序；how we will hold我们如何举办，陈述语序；when will we hold我们什么时候举办，疑问语序；when we will hold我们什么时候举办，陈述语序。根据“do you know...the art festival?”可知，空格处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，且根据“I can’t wait to get started.”可知，此处暗示说话者关心艺术节的举办时间，以便开始准备。故选D。 4．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）—Do you know ________ the new mobile phone last week? —Maybe 2,500 yuan. I am not quite sure. A．how much she paid for B．how much will she pay for C．how much she pays for D．how much she will pay for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道她上周买这部新手机花了多少钱吗？——可能是2500元，我不太确定。 考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据“last week”可知动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选A。 5．（2025·甘肃武威·一模）You can’t imagine ________ when she heard the good news. A．how excited was she B．how excited she was C．how she was exciting D．how exciting she was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你无法想象她听到这个好消息时有多兴奋。 考查宾语从句。根据“You can’t imagine…when she heard the good news.”可知，此句是宾语从句，在宾语从句中需用陈述语序，可排除选项A；且“兴奋的”修饰人用excited，可排除选项C、D；how引导的感叹句结构为“how+形容词+主语+谓语”，只有选项B符合题意。故选B。 定语从句 一、定语从句的定义及位置 在主从复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句（亦称“关系从句”）。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。其结构如下所示： ①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（画横线的内容为主句） who引导的定语从句修饰先行词The boys，意为“正在踢足球的男孩 ②I like music that I can dance to.（画横线的内容为主句） that引导的定语从句修饰先行词music，意为“我能跟随起舞的音乐’ 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that、which、who、whom等）和关系副词（when、where、why）。初中阶段主要掌握由关系代词that、who、which引导的定语从句。关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 关系词 用法 示例 that（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指人 Who is the man that is sitting over there?（that作从句主语） 正在那边坐着的那个人是谁? The girl（that）we saw yesterday was Tom's sister.（that作从句宾语，可省略）我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。 指物 I like the apples that are grown in my hometown.（that作从句主语） 我喜欢我家乡种植的苹果。 You can choose anything（that）you like.（that作从句宾语，可省略） 你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。 which（在从句中作主语或宾语） 指物 I love the books which were written by Lu Xun.（which作从句主语） 我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 The story（which）he told was very popular.（which作从句宾语，可省略） 他讲的那个故事很受欢迎。 who（在从句中作主语或宾语）,whom（在从句中作宾语） 指人 I love the singers who sing words clearly.（who作从句主语） 我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清晰的歌手。 whose（在从句中作定语） 指人/物 He's the man whose opinion I respect.（whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词opinion）他是那个我尊重其意见的人。 拓展关系代词指物时，只能用that，不能用which的几种情况 1.先行词为不定代词all、any、few、little、much、nothing、everything、something、anything等或被其修饰时。 2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 3.先行词被the one、the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。 4.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 随堂训练 1．（2026·四川南充·模拟预测）Among the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖), the dragon is the only one ________ is not real. A．which B．who C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国十二生肖中，龙是唯一一个不真实的。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。which代指物，可用于限制性或非限制性定语从句，在介词后亦可使用；who代指人；that代指人或物，常用于限制性定语从句，且先行词被the only修饰时常用that；what引导名词性从句。本句先行词为“the only one”，指动物，且被the only修饰，应用that引导定语从句。故选C。 2．（2025九年级·全国·专题练习）—WeChat is an invention ________ can help people share photos, ideas and feelings freely. —I think it’s very useful in our life. A．which B．whom C．where D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——微信是一项能帮助人们自由地分享照片、想法和感受的发明。——我认为它在我们生活中非常有用。 考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个，指代物；whom谁，指代人，在从句中作宾语；where哪里，在从句中作地点状语；whose谁的，指代人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“an invention（一项发明）”，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应该用which来引导这个定语从句。故选A。 3．（2025·吉林长春·三模）The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：位于街尾的那座房子，前面有一个漂亮的花园，它属于我的祖父母。 考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“The house”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应该用which来引导。故选A。 4．（2025·吉林长春·二模）Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jack Brown仍然住在他父亲给他的这栋老房子里。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。who先行词指人；when关系副词，指时间；which先行词指物；where关系副词，指地点。根据“Jack Brown still lives in the old house…”可知，先行词是house，用关系代词which作宾语，指物。故选C。 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．whose B．which C．what D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他在机场遇到的那个男人。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。whose先行词指人或物；which先行词指物；what不引导定语从句；who先行词指人。根据句子中的“the man”可知，此处修饰的是人，且在句中作宾语，who与that均可。故选D。 6．（2025·江西·模拟预测）The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们上个月参观的博物馆在劳动节假期期间接待了超过10,000名游客。 考查定语从句及时态。根据“The museum ... we visited”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是The museum，指物，在从句中作宾语，用which/that引导定语从句；根据“over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday.”及语境可知，此处是强调过去的动作对现在产生的结果，应用现在完成时。故选B。 7．（2025·广东汕头·一模）Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：可燃冰是一种产生较少污染的新能源。 考查定语从句引导词。which哪个，先行词是物；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，先行词是人；when何时，先行词是时间。new energy为物，在定语从句“…produces less pollution”中作主语；which可引导定语从句，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。故选A。 8．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能是我们生活中广泛使用的最重要的技术之一。 考查定语从句。that那个，先行词指人或物；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人；what什么，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“technologies”，且有“the most important”最高级修饰，此时不能用which，要用that。故选A。 9．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在操场上放风筝的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，“... is flying a kite on the playground”是定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句。故选B。 10．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他认为他的宠物猫，非常可爱的猫咪，能理解他的感受。 考查非限制性定语从句。who先行词指人；which先行词指物；whom先行词指人；whose先行词指人/物。根据“his pet cat”可知，先行词指物，空处作主语，关系代词用which指代。故选B。 二、定语从句的写作 定语从句“加减法” 定语从句是名词或代词的修饰成分，学生在阅读中可以先识别定语从句，从而给复合句做减法，理解主句之后，再理解修饰成分的内容。 例1：According to the research,people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.该句中“who...them”为定语从句，做减法后，先理解主句“据研究，人们可以影响其他人”，再结合定语从句“那些吃蔬菜并表现出明显不喜欢蔬菜的人”，即可理解整句。 在写作中，需要用定语从句给句子做加法，使文章内容更充实。 例2：I can give you some suggestions.→增加定语从句修饰suggestions→I can give you some suggestions that may help you make new friends. 例3：This is a great way to meet other people.→增加定语从句修饰people→This is a great way to meet other people who may have the same interests as you. 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．—I wonder your friendship started. —By travelling! [答案]how 2．—Excuse me,could you please tell me the band will begin playing this afternoon? —At three o'clock. [答案]when 3．For more than 2,000 years,doctors recorded they found in books.These ancient books are still useful today. [答案]what 4．They couldn't understand I wanted to live somewhere that was so cold and far from home.But I simply said,“I love it.” [答案]why 5．The teacher always encourages us to ask questions and explore new ideas makes our science class full of fun and surprises. [答案]who/that 6．These tests can't measure（衡量）all the things make you wonderful and special.Your results from these tests will not tell you everything. [答案]that 7．A kid doesn't stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. [答案]who/that 8．As the name suggests,Soapen is a pen is made out of soap. [答案]which/that 9．The book tells the exciting story of a young adventurer traveling around the world has become the most popular one in our school library. [答案]that/which 10．Surrounded by tall trees,the park is located near our school has a big lake,where we often go boating on weekends. [答案]which/that 11．With bright eyes and a warm smile,the girl sits next to me in class and often helps me with English is very kind and patient. [答案]who/that 12.I don't know they managed to finish the project in just three days.It's unbelievable! [答案]how 13.The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table is made by my grandpa. [答案]that/which [解析]考查定语从句的引导词。先行词指物，空处作定语从句的主语，关系代词可用that或which。故填that/which。 14.She stayed at home yesterday she had a bad cold and needed to rest. [答案]because 15.Most plants cannot survive for a long time without enough water.The plants will die you water them every two days. [答案]unless 16.—Do you know the 33rd Olympic Games will be held? —Of course!In Paris,France. [答案]where 17.—Tim,do you know we will hold the art festival? —Sure!Next Friday. [答案]when 18. sleep is so important,many people these days are not getting enough. [答案]Though/Although 19.With the teachers'help,we have greatly improved ourselves we entered junior high schools three years ago. [答案]since 二、短文填空综合练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 It was Cassie's first time visiting the National Museum of China.She wondered whether she could see all the things in just one day. 1 she got in,she asked at the information desk 2 there was a quickest route for the tour.The lady behind the desk asked Cassie 3 she was interested in the most.Cassie said 4 she loved Chinese paintings.So the lady showed her 5 venue（场馆）she should go first.During her tour,Cassie saw a lot of people carrying a kind of headphones explaining the paintings.She asked one woman 6 she could find these headphones.With the woman's help,Cassie rented one and learned 7 she could use it.She had quite a meaningful day. [答案]1．When2．if/whether3．what4．that5．which6．where7．how 三、翻译句子 1．我想知道他们最后是怎么做到的。（wonder） __________________________________ [答案]I wonder how they made it finally. 2．你可以学习如何做中餐和西餐。（both...and...） ________________________________________________________________ [答案]You can learn how to cook both Chinese food and Western food. 3．那个女孩非常有创造力，总能想出新主意。（so...that） ___________________________________________________________________ [答案]That girl is so creative that she can always come up with/think of new ideas. 4．我爸爸和我都不去参加会议。（neither...nor...） __________________________________________________ [答案]Neither my father nor I am going to the meeting. 5．当我遇到需要帮助的人时,我会愿意帮助他们。（be willing to） ________________________________________________________________ [答案]When I meet someone who needs help,I am willing to help them. 6．这个假期我要么待在家里读书,要么出门旅行。（either...or...） ___________________________________________________________________ [答案]I'll either stay at home to read or go out to travel during this holiday. 7．你不仅会学到东西,还会结交新朋友。（not only...but also...） ___________________________________________________________________ [答案]Not only will you learn things,but you will also make new friends. 四．语法选择 A （2025·广东梅州·一模）I was not a confident person before. That’s because I was fat and 1 often laughed at me. As a result, I became very shy. I was scared 2 hello to strangers. I was afraid to ask 3 questions and speak loud in public. I used to believe that I would be like this all my life. But one day, my friend Paul’s words changed my mind. He encouraged me to change 4 . He said, “If you can give it a try, you still probably make a change. But 5 you never try, your life is only going to get worse.” I 6 by what he said. Why not have a try? The first thing I did was to lose weight. I had a strict diet and did exercise every day. After six months, I lost ninety pounds. This taught me that I 7 change myself. A few months later, I 8 about a speech competition at my university. I made up my mind to join in the competition. For the first time, I was able to share my story and speak loud in front of lots of people. After the competition, I made 9 to-do list and started changing in a very short time. I tried my 10 to complete the things on the list one by one. When working on them, I became more and more confident. 1．A．other B．the other C．others 2．A．say B．to say C．saying 3．A．simple B．simply C．simpleness 4．A．myself B．me C．I 5．A．since B．if C．although 6．A．blow away B．blew away C．was blown away 7．A．must B．could C．need 8．A．hear B．heard C．have heard 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．good B．better C．best 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者从一个害羞、不自信的人，通过朋友的鼓励，努力减肥并参加演讲比赛，逐渐变得自信并不断进步的故事。 1．句意：那是因为我胖并且其他人经常嘲笑我。 other其他的；the other两者中的一个；others其他的人或物。根据分析句子成分及“often laughed at me.”可知，空处缺主语，指“其他人”，需others作主语。故选C。 2．句意：我害怕向陌生人问好。 say说，动词原形；to say说，动词不定式；saying说，现在分词或动名词。be scared to do sth是固定搭配，表示“害怕做某事”，故选B。 3．句意：我不敢问简单的问题。 simple简单的，形容词；simply简单地，副词；simpleness简单，名词。空处需形容词修饰名词questions，作定语。故选A。 4．句意：他鼓励我改变自己。 myself我自己，反身代词；me我，宾格；I我，主格。根据“He encouraged me to change...”可知，空处指“改变自己”，需反身代词myself。故选A。 5．句意：但如果你从不尝试，生活只会更糟。 since自从；if如果，是否；although虽然。分析句子结构可知，空处表条件，需if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 6．句意：我被他的话深深打动。 blow away打动，震撼，动词原形；blew away打动，震撼，动词过去式；was blown away被打动，被震撼，用于一般过去时的被动语态。主语I与选项核心词之间为被动关系，因是回忆过去的事，需一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为I，be动词用was。故选C。 7．句意：这教会我能够改变自己。 must必须；could能；need需要。根据“I had a strict diet and did exercise every day. After six months, I lost ninety pounds”可知，减肥成功证明能够改变自己。故选B。 8．句意：几个月后，我听说了我们大学的演讲比赛。 hear听到，动词原形；heard听到，动词过去式；have heard听到，现在完成时。根据“A few months later.”可知，空处时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。 9．句意：比赛之后，我制定了一份待办清单并开始在非常短的时间里改变。 a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前；the这个，表特指。根据“to-do list”，空处表泛指，需不定冠词，to是以辅音音素开头，需冠词a修饰。故选A。 19．句意：我尽最大努力一个一个地完成清单上的事情。 good好的，形容词原级；better更好，比较级；best最好，最高级。固定短语try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”。故选C。 B （2025·广东梅州·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Over the past forty-one years, a forest ranger (护林员) couple has given up the well-paid job and convenience in the city and turned to protect trees. Living in 1 condition than that in cities for many years, Tang Zitian and his wife, Li Qinglian, live on the Baituchong forest farm in Huitong County, Hunan Province. They help to breed (培育) 132 species of fir trees (冷杉). Their two daughters 2 by their grandparents. Tang and Li regularly walk 20 kilometers 3 for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest. And there has not been a single fire 4 their base was established. They also need to measure the diameters (直径) of certain trees, collect seeds and other data of trees.Their diaries record 5 they see about sample trees every year, month and day. Even a little growth of a tree makes the couple excited. In 1981, the central government 6 planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm. Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help 7 the work. Luckily a few years later he married Li, who 8 as a ranger, too. But at the time, they each earned 1.50 yuan a day. And 9 living condition was too poor. Many of their co-workers moved to work in cities. But the couple decided to stay! Every now and then, some scientists came and helped 10 try some experiments so that they could breed new fir trees. Now their living condition has changed for better with their effort. 1．A．bad B．worse C．worst 2．A．raised B．were raising C．were raised 3．A．to check B．checking C．check 4．A．till B．since C．before 5．A．who B．what C．how 6．A．starts B．started C．has started 7．A．with B．for C．from 8．A．was working B．is working C．work 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．it B．their C．them 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了一对护林员夫妇唐自田和李庆莲，四十一年来放弃城市里高薪且便利的生活，来到湖南会同县白土冲林场，从事冷杉培育、森林防火巡查、树木数据监测等工作，克服艰苦条件坚守岗位，助力林场发展的故事。 1．句意：多年来，他们生活在比城市更恶劣的条件中。 bad形容词原级；worse形容词比较级；worst形容词最高级。根据“than”可知，要用比较级。故选B。 2．句意：他们的两个女儿由祖父母抚养长大。 raised动词过去式；were waising过去进行时；were raised过去时被动语态。根据“Their two daughters … by their grandparents.”可知，主语Their two daughters和raise是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态were raised。故选C。 3．句意：唐和李定期步行20公里去检查600公顷森林的火灾隐患。 to check动词不定式；checking现在分词；check动词原形。根据“Tang and Li regularly walk 20 kilometers … for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest.”可知，此处用动词不定式表目的，即步行20公里的目的是检查火灾隐患。故选A。 4．句意：自从他们的基地建立以来，还没有发生过一次火灾。 till直到；since自从；before之前。根据“And there has not been a single fire … their base was established.”可知，since引导时间状语从句，常与现在完成时has not been搭配，符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：他们的日记记录了他们每年、每月、每天对样本树的观察情况。 who谁；what什么；how如何。根据“Their diaries record … they see about sample trees every year, month and day.”可知，此处需用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作see的宾语，指看到的东西。故选B。 6．句意：1981年，中央政府开始在林场种植高产冷杉树。 starts动词三单形式；started动词过去式；has started现在完成时。根据“In 1981, the central government … planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm.”可知，In 1981是过去时间，要用一般过去时。故选B。 7．句意：当时18岁的农村青年唐被派去协助这项工作。 with伴随；for为了；from来自。根据“Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help … the work.”可知，help with sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。故选A。 8．句意：几年后他结婚了，妻子李当时也在做护林员工作。 was working过去进行时；is working现在进行时；work一般现在时。根据“at the time”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时。故选A。 9．句意：而且当时生活条件太差了。 a不定冠词；an不定冠词；the定冠词。根据“And … living condition was too poor.”可知，这里的living condition是特指这对夫妇当时的生活条件，用定冠词。故选C。 10．句意：时不时有一些科学家来帮助他们尝试一些实验，以便培育新的冷杉树。 it主格代词；their物主代词；them宾格代词。根据“Every now and then, some scientists came and helped … try some experiments...”可知，help是动词，后接宾格them指代这对夫妇。故选C。 五．选择填空 A （2025·广东梅州·三模） history; hole; seven; deep; or; pull; however; and; they; high; hundred; avoid In the deep winter of Northeast China, many animals fall into a deep sleep. 1 , signs of next spring have appeared at Chagan Lake. People here are known as the “last fishing and hunting tribe (狩猎部落) in Northern China”. Chagan Lake is in Jilin Province and it is the 2 largest freshwater lake in China. The lake is over 400 km² and up to 6m 3 . It has a rich ecosystem with over 60 kinds of fishes. The area has a long 4 of fishing and hunting. Winter fishing ceremonies date back 5 of years. People use tools to make 6 in the ice through which they drop the nets (网). Later, huge nets are 7 from the water, bringing tens of thousands of fish onto the ice-covered surface. To keep the local fishing and hunting culture 8 to make sure it develops in an environmentally friendly way, the local fishermen have changed their nets with small holes to nets with big holes. They also scientifically place baby fish as planned and make sure that 9 can live healthily in the lake. Besides, they have been following traditional fishing methods, trying to 10 water pollution. As a result, Chagan Lake’ s fish are known for their high quality and great taste. This winter, come to Chagan Lake! 【答案】1．However 2．seventh 3．deep 4．history 5．hundreds 6．holes 7．pulled 8．and 9．they 10．avoid 【导语】本文介绍了中国东北查干湖的冬季捕鱼文化，包括其历史、规模、传统方法及环保措施。 1．句意：然而，查干湖已经出现了春天的迹象。根据“In the deep winter…signs of next spring have appeared at Chagan Lake.”可知，前后句是转折关系，且备选词中有however表示“然而”。故填however。 2．句意：查干湖位于吉林省，是中国第七大淡水湖。根据“Chagan Lake is…the largest freshwater lake in China”结合常识可知，查干湖是第七大淡水湖，应用序数词seventh。故填seventh。 3．句意：湖泊面积超过400平方公里，最深处达6米深。根据“up to 6m”及备选词可知，此处是描述深度，应用deep。故填deep。 4．句意：该地区有悠久的渔猎历史。根据“long…of fishing and hunting”及备选词可知，此处表示“历史”，应用名词history。故填history。 5．句意：冬捕仪式可追溯数百年前。根据“date back…of years”及备选词可知，此处是固定搭配hundreds of，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。 6．句意：人们用工具在冰上凿洞，通过洞撒网。根据“make…in the ice”及备选词可知，是指凿冰洞，应用名词hole表示“洞”，需用复数表示泛指。故填hole。 7．句意：之后巨大的渔网从水中被拉出，将成千上万的鱼带到冰面上。根据“huge nets are…from the water”及备选词可知，巨大的渔网从水中被拉出，pull“拉”，动词，此处是一般现在时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填pulled。 8．句意：为了保持当地的渔猎文化，并确保其以环保的方式发展，当地渔民将他们的小孔网换成了大孔网。根据“To keep the local fishing and hunting culture...to make sure it develops in an environmentally friendly way”可知，前后是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 9．句意：他们还按照计划科学地放置幼鱼，确保它们能在湖中健康地生活。根据“make sure that…can live healthily”及备选词可知，此处是指代前文的“baby fish”，应用they。故填they。 10．句意：此外，他们一直遵循传统的捕鱼方法，尽量避免水污染。根据“trying to…water pollution”及备选词可知，此处是表示避免污染。avoid“避免”，动词，空前有不定式符号to，动词用原形，故填avoid。 B （2025·广东梅州·一模）请从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 far  never  little  watch  begin  one  use  their  also  create  in  if How does technology change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do more in 1 time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example. People made letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places 2 from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It 3 in England. In 1992, the 4 words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be 5 for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message 6 the sky. The pilot 7 their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky. 8 it’s a snowy day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, but we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so 9 to have romantic (浪漫的) time! However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change 10 lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up. 【答案】1．less 2．far 3．began 4．first 5．used 6．in 7．watches 8．If 9．creative 10．their 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的改变和人们对科学技术的享受乐趣。 1．句意：对大多数人来说，技术意味着你可以用更少的时间做更多的事情。根据“technology means you can do more”及备选词可知，空处指“更少的时间”，需little的比较级less。故填less。 2．句意：人们可以从远离天空的街道、建筑物和地点看到这些字母。根据“from the sky. ”及备选词可知，空处指“远离天空”，形容词far“远的”符合句意，far from“远离”为固定搭配。故填far。 3．句意：它开始于英格兰。根据“It...in England.”及备选词可知，空处指“开始”，动词begin符合句意，因讲述的是过去的事件，时态为一般过去时，需用过去式began。故填began。 4．句意：在1992年，在美国上空写下的第一个词是“Hello USA”。根据“the...words”及备选词可知，空处指“第一句话”，需one的序数词first。故填first。 5．句意：那一年，天空文字开始被用于广告。根据“That year skywriting began to be...for advertising.”及备选词可知，空处指“被用于”，use“使用”符合句意，主语与use之间为被动关系，be已给出，故空处需动词的过去分词used。故填used。 6．句意：很难将信息放入天空。根据“put a message...the sky. ”及备选词可知，空处指“在天空中放入信息”。介词in符合。故填in。 7．句意：飞行员观察地面上的影子或天空中的形状。根据“The pilot...their shadows on the ground or their shapes in the sky. ”及备选词可知，空处指“观察”，watch符合句意，此处描述的一般事实，需一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式watches。故填watches。 8．句意：如果是下雪天，飞行员看不到白色字母，但地面上的我们可以看到天空中的它们。根据空后两句关系及备选词可知，空处表条件，需If引导条件状语从句，放句首时，首字母大写。故填If。 9．句意：人们有如此的创造力来拥有浪漫的时光！根据“to have romantic (浪漫的) time!”及备选词可知，空处指“有创造力的”，需动词create的形容词creative“有创造力的”。故填creative。 10．句意：它可以改变他们的生活。根据“It can change... lives.”及备选词可知，空处指“技术能改变他们的生活”，空处需their“他们的”来修饰名词lives。故填their。 六.语法填空 A （2025·浙江金华·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 What is the moon’s far side like? Dark, cold and empty. Nobody 1 (be) there yet. But in June, 2024, it had 2 visitor—China’s Chang’e-6 probe (探测器). The launch (发射) of the Chang’e-6 probe was 3 (success). Then with the help of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite (中继卫星), the probe landed on the moon on June 2nd. On June 3rd, it finished collecting the samples (样品) on the moon’s far side and left the Chinese word zhong there. China is the 4 (one) country to collect samples from the moon’s far side. “The probe has worked well 5 it left Earth and is going to come back to Earth around June 25.” one space expert said. The Chang’e-6 probe used new smart tools to help collect samples. “The probe can 6 (simple) do it by itself even if we stop communication,” the expert added. “From 1970 7 2024, China has made great progress in space industry and the achievements belong to many excellent scientists and astronauts. Collecting and 8 (bring) the samples from the far side of the moon are unbelievable. If the Chang’e-6 can achieve 9 (it) goal, the samples will help us to know more and 10 (well) about the history and development of the moon.” another expert said. 【答案】1．has been 2．a 3．successful 4．first 5．since 6．simply 7．to 8．bringing 9．its 10．better 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国嫦娥六号探测器成功登陆月球背面并采集样本的成就，以及这一成就对中国航天事业的意义。 1．句意：还没有人去过那里。根据“yet”可知，句子用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是不定代词“Nobody”，因此助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 2．句意：但在2024年6月，它迎来了一位访客——中国的嫦娥六号探测器。根据“it had...visitor—China’s Chang’e-6 probe (探测器)”可知，此处指“一位访客”，visitor以辅音音素开头，空处应是不定冠词a。故填a。 3．句意：嫦娥六号探测器发射成功。根据“The launch (发射) of the Chang’e-6 probe was...(success).”可知，此处指“嫦娥六号探测器的发射是成功的，空处应是形容词successful，作表语。故填successful。 4．句意：中国是首个从月球背面采集样本的国家。根据“China is the...(one) country to collect samples from the moon’s far side.”可知，空前有定冠词the，空处应是one的序数词first，表示“中国是第一个从月球背面采集样本的国家”。故填first。 5．句意：探测器自离开地球以来工作状态良好，将于6月25日前后返回地球。根据“The probe has worked well...it left Earth”可知，空前的句子“The probe has worked well”是现在完成时，空后的句子“it left Earth”是一般过去时，空处应是since，引导时间状语从句，表示“探测器自离开地球以来工作状态良好”。故填since。 6．句意：即使我们停止通信，探测器也可以自行简单地完成任务。根据“The probe can...(simple) do it by itself”可知，空处应是修饰动词do，用副词形式simply。故填simply。 7．句意：从1970年到2024年，中国在航天事业上取得了巨大进步，这些成就归功于许多优秀的科学家和航天员。from...to...“从……到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。 8．句意：从月球背面采集样本并带回地球简直令人难以置信。and连接两个并列成分，由collecting可知，空处也用动名词形式，故填bringing。 9．句意：如果嫦娥六号能实现其目标，这些样本将帮助我们更多且更好地了解月球的历史和发展。空后是名词goal，空处应是it的形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 10．句意：如果嫦娥六号能实现其目标，这些样本将帮助我们更多且更好地了解月球的历史和发展。根据“to know more and...(well) about the history and development of the moon”可知，and连接两个并列成分，空前是比较级more，空处也应是well的比较级形式better。故填better。 B （2025·浙江金华·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Liu Qiangdong, the founder of JD．com, delivered (递送) takeout to customers in person. On April 21st, the piece of news 1 (spread) on the Internet. Someone in Beijing shared 2 photo on the Internet, in which Liu Qiangdong was wearing a red work uniform of JD Takeout, and holding a takeout package in his hand. He was excited and wrote, “I receive the takeout delivered 3 Mr. Liu himself!” This news quickly drew many 4 (people) attention and sparked a lot of discussion. When the reporter asked JD．com about it, the company replied, “It’s true. Thank you all for your support for JD Takeout.” Nowadays, takeout food is so popular in China 5 food safety becomes more important than before. Liu Qiangdong said JD．com would like 6 (create) good and safe takeout food. His action shows his deep concern for the 7 (develop) of JD Takeout. 8 (recent), JD．com has been making efforts in the takeout market. It is working harder to attract 9 (many) restaurants. However, as the competition in the takeout market heats up, there are both challenges and opportunities. Whether JD Takeout can achieve 10 (it) goal is still unsure. Let’s wait and see. 【答案】1．spread 2．a 3．by 4．people’s 5．that 6．to create 7．development 8．Recently 9．more 10．its 【导语】本文主要讲述了京东创始人刘强东亲自为客户送外卖的事件，这一行为引发了广泛关注和讨论，并体现了他对京东外卖食品安全和发展的重视，同时也反映了京东在外卖市场面临的机遇与挑战。 1．句意：4月21日，这一消息在互联网上传播。spread“传播”，根据“On April 21st”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填spread。 2．句意：北京有个人在互联网上分享了一张照片，照片中刘强东穿着红色的京东外卖工作服，手里拿着一个外卖包裹。此处泛指“一张照片”，photo以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．句意：我收到刘先生亲自送的外卖啦！根据“delivered...Mr. Liu himself”可知是刘先生亲自送的外卖，用介词by。故填by。 4．句意：这一消息迅速吸引了许多人的关注，并引发了大量讨论。修饰名词attention用名词所有格。故填people’s。 5．句意：如今，外卖在中国如此受欢迎，以至于食品安全比以往任何时候都更重要。此处是结构so...that...“如此……以至于”。故填that。 6．句意：刘强东表示，京东希望创造健康安全的外卖食品。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填to create。 7．句意：他的行为表明他对京东外卖的发展深感关切。the development of“……的发展”。故填development。 8．句意：最近，京东在外卖市场一直在努力。此处修饰整个句子用副词recently“最近”。故填Recently。 9．句意：它正在更加努力地吸引更多餐厅加入。根据“attract...restaurants”可知是吸引更多的餐厅，用比较级more。故填more。 10．句意：京东外卖能否实现它的目标仍然不确定。修饰名词goal用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $