专题20 阅读理解--推理判断、主旨大意题精讲-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）

专题20 阅读理解--推理判断、主旨大意题精讲 推理判断题 观点态度/人物评价 知识归纳 正面：positive（积极的）、hopeful（有希望的）、successful（成功的）、beneficial（有益的）、warm-hearted（热心的）、patient（有耐心的）、selfless（无私的） 负面：disappointing（令人失望的）、harmful（有害的）、critical（挑剔的）、worried（担忧的）、careless（粗心的）、lazy（懒惰的）、selfish（自私的） 中立态度：objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的） 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 观点态度题 What's the writer's attitude （态度） towards the future of China's EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 根据文章主题句判断 （1）关注首尾段 首段分析：本段用数据和事实强调中国在电车领域的领先地位，奠定了积极的基调。 末段分析：第一句“EVs are the way of the future.”和第四句“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”直接表达出对电车未来的肯定，并明确中国将持续领先，体现了作者乐观的态度。 （2）分析用词的褒贬与感情色彩 褒义词汇：encouraging（支持）、develops very quickly（发展迅速）、improve technologies（提升技术）、gain greater rewards（获得更大的回报） 结论：高频使用的是褒义词，表明作者对中国电车行业的认可/期待 。 （3）注意转折词后的态度 文章第三段提到挑战：“...EV brands cut prices...EV makers without...will face growing risks.”但后文用短语At the same time 和On the other hand引出积极的应对措施：“government is adding even more charging points”（政府行动）和“people are aware of the environmental problems...”（公众环保意识提升） 分析：作者承认中国电车行业面临的挑战，但更强调各方积极的应对措施和美好前景，态度偏向抱有希望的 而非担忧的（抱有希望的/担忧的）。 Step 2 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. Uncertain.（不确定的） 文中多次用事实数据（如产量、出口量），且文末用到了表示高概率推测的表述（very likely），所以排除此项 B. Hopeful.（抱有希望的） 文中的积极用语及数据支撑体现出作者持乐观积极的态度，所以B项为正确答案 C. Doubtful.（怀疑的） 作者承认挑战但未质疑行业前景，反而强调各方积极的应对措施和电车的优势，与怀疑态度矛盾 D. Worried.（担忧的） 作者虽然提到风险，但整体用词积极且突出应对措施 文章出处题 常见设题方式 ·Where can we probably read the text? ·Where can the text be found? ·In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? 解题步骤 Step 1 确定文章体裁 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 常见的文章特点及对应的出处/来源 特点 出处/来源 ·文章具有很强的时效性 ·关键词news，文章内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件 newspaper/news report 出现电影、活动、节目等的名称，且出现价格、时间、地点等信息 advertisement 介绍某一地区的风景名胜、特色美食或地域文化 travel guide 介绍说明科普知识或科学研究（阶段性）成果 science report/study report 介绍某设备或产品 product instructions/product guide 出现网络图标、网址或click、 homepage等词 website 涉及科学假设，推演未知等内容 science fiction 例题2 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 文章出处题 In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage?（ ） A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 确定文章体裁 分析文章内容：文章以头发/羊毛为线索，说明了毛发的多种用途，文章的体裁为说明文。 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 文章主题：头发/羊毛的多种用途。 关键科学词汇：nitrogen（氮）、trace（微量）、chemicals（化学物质）、solve crimes（破案） Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 选项 是否匹配文本内容（√/×） 理由 A. History. × 无历史事件、人物或时代背景等描述 B. Fashion. × 仅提及“造型乐趣”，不是主要内容,文章的核心是毛发的用途 C. Science. √ 涉及农业、化学、物理、医学等多领域的科学知识 D. Health. × “有害化学物质检测”仅是头发的其中一个用途 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 后文预测题 该题型主要考查学生获取和梳理语篇中一系列事件的主题和因果关系、预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局或者根据已知信息合理预测下文内容的能力。 解题步骤 Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据（将表达未来事件的相关语句作为重点推理依据） （1）精读题干指定段落（如要求预测结尾，则重点读最后1~2段）。 （2）画出因果标志词（so、because、therefore）、转折标志词（but、however）、总结标志词汇（in conclusion、one thing is for sure）或问题句（Have you ever...?）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 梳理文章中讲述的事件的关系，找出未解决的矛盾或未完结的探索。 Step 3 分析预测类型 类型 文本特征 预测结局 结尾没有总结句或提出开放式问题 预测下文内容 段落末尾提出新问题或新现象 预测伏笔发展 前文埋下伏笔，细节未展开（如solve crimes相关情节） Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 预测原则： 必须基于文本线索，禁止引入外部知识。 干扰项特征： 脱离前文主题或重复已提及内容。 例题3 My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 后文预测题 According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer would most probably _ _ _ _ in the future.（ ） A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据 精读指定段落：画线句子位于文章尾/末 段，需重点分析最后1~2段。 预测依据：Julie所说的“do more”是核心点，暗示延续当前的行动并扩大（greener）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 经以上分析可知，接下来作者和Julie的目标是做得更多——增加植被（grass/vegetables），让城镇更绿。 Step 3 分析预测类型 文章发展脉络为“提出梦想→想出方案→执行方案→树立新目标”，这里是基于开放性结尾预测下文/后文内容。 Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 推出结论：B项最合理，因为它对应了作者与Julie的新目标（找更多空地种草和蔬菜，才能让城镇更绿）。 判断选项正误法 例4 [2024山东烟台节选]This is the world's first try to bring samples （样本） from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the Soviet Union（苏联） and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. ... “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6（C选项对应的原文） with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community （B选项对应的原文）,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 问：What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words?（ ） A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出选项中的关键信息。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干可定位到最后一段。该教授表示，将此次嫦娥六号带回的月球背面样本与之前的月球近侧样本进行对比，对于整个国际社会都有宝贵的科学价值。 Step 3 对比选项与原文。 A选项：文中无对应信息。B选项：与原文内容同义，正确。C选项：原文提到的是嫦娥六号从月球背面采样，并不是从两面都采样。D选项：文中没有提到嫦娥六号在返回之前就对比样本。 随堂训练 （1） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist, died of illness in Beijing on October 18, 2025. This Nobel Prize winner was also an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a Tsinghua University professor (教授). Yang was born in 1922. As a teenager, he lived in Tsinghua Garden—a place that left him deep memories. Later, he studied at Southwest Associated (联合) University. In 1945, Yang went to the US for further education and got his doctoral degree. His greatest achievement came in 1957—he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Li Zhengdao, for the theory of parity non-conservation (宇称不守恒理论), becoming the first Chinese scientist to win this honor. What’s more, his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” (杨-米尔斯规范场论) is seen as a basis of modern physics. Yang loved his motherland deeply. In 1971, he became the first top scientist to visit New China after 1949. He managed to build bridges between Chinese and American scientists and helped many Chinese students to study abroad. Yang started teaching at Tsinghua University from 1999. He said, “Chinese culture is like a root in my heart.” He served science and his country all his life. His motto (座右铭) “Be honest rather than clever” encourages the young to seek (追求) truth in science and life. 1．How old was Yang Zhenning when he died? A．99 years old. B．101 years old. C．103 years old. D．105 years old. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize all by himself. B．Yang Zhenning had a long connection with Tsinghua University. C．Yang Zhenning only studied at Southwest Associated University. D．Yang Zhenning never went back to China after studying in the US. 3．What is the best structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C．    D （2） （25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期末）Family rules are important for teens to grow up healthily and happily. Teens, however, are always testing their limits (极限). So fights between parents and teens are nothing new. What should parents do when the fights are there? Maybe the following advice can help the parents. * ① Learning how to control emotions (情绪) isn’t just important to teens but parents too. Remember teens are growing and changing and their emotional control isn’t fully developed. For your teen to remain calm (镇定的), you need to remain calm first. Instead of letting your emotions get the best of you, take five minutes and calm down. * ② As a parent, you want your teen to be able to do their best. However, wanting teens to be perfect in grades, sports, behavior, etc. can be bad for them. Parents need to praise their teen for their hard work instead of the grade. For example, if your child is trying to complete a chore or studying for test, praise them for their effort. While the chore might not be done perfectly or the grade might not be an A, praising them for their hard work is important. * ③ Friends can be a tricky subject for both teens and parents. Parents want their children to hang out with the right crowd. But teens want to be able to make their own friend choices. While hanging out with the wrong crowd can make parents worried, parents need to think more about their teens’ behavior instead of the behavior of their friends. Believe that your teens will make the right choices. Parents and teens are on different planes most of the time, so lots of different problems can show up. Being patient, both parents and teens can find the right ways to solve the problems. 1．Match the sub-title (小标题) with each part. a. Keep emotions in check. b. Learn about your teen’s feelings. c. Believe in your teen in making friends. d. Set an example to your teen by being perfect. e. Avoid asking for perfection and show praise more. A．①-d; ②-c; ③-a B．①-a; ②-d; ③-b C．①-b; ②-e; ③-d D．①-a; ②-e; ③-c 2．What should parents say to their child if their child got an A in the exam? A．How many students got an A this time? B．Did you get the best grade in your class? C．Work harder and get a better grade next time. D．You must have put in lots of effort. Well done! 3．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Proper. B．Difficult. C．Simple. D．Interesting. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose for writing this article? A．To share ways of making teens happy. B．To tell teens to know more about their parents. C．To tell parents how to get along well with their teens. D．To explain why parents and teens have different opinions. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of this article? A．B． C． D． （3） （2025·北京海淀·三模）We are in the midst of (处于……之中) a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public idea that our focus is under attack. Indeed, in our new research, we found some clear concerns. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道). There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation (煽情) novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls.” There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds. The reality is that we simply don’t have long-term studies that tell us whether our attention spans have actually shrunk (缩短). What we do know from our study is that people overestimate (高估) some of the problems. There’s no such thing as an average attention span. Our ability to focus varies hugely depending on the individual and the task at hand. It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience. 1．What can we know about some of the participants in the new research? A．They were frequently disturbed by digital devices. B．They felt it hard to acquire useful information online. C．They had shorter attention spans than average people. D．They felt challenged by fierce competition from others. 2．Why does the author mention Socrates in Paragraph 3? A．To stress new cultural forms have limitations. B．To show worry about attention is an age-old problem. C．To prove the important role he played in literary history. D．To explain cultural differences between the past and the present. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People tend to overestimate their abilities. B．Digital distractions might have potential benefits. C．Technology’s benefits have been largely ignored. D．Switching between different tasks frequently is difficult. 4．What message does the author want to convey? A．Digital devices can benefit our work. B．We should say “No” to digital devices. C．Digital distractions really affect us so much. D．We should think highly of new cultural forms. （4） （2024·江苏镇江·一模） Aunt invited us to the yearly outdoor spring celebration on her farm last month. On the way, we decided to take a little side road as a shortcut (捷径). But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove on, and just when we were in the very middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise. We had to call roadside service. But the roadside-service truck wouldn’t come soon. We felt down as we were going to be late. “We’re going to miss everything!” complained Tex. “Look on the bright side,” said Dad, “Our car couldn’t have picked a prettier place to break down.” “I agree,” Mom said, taking out the picnic blanket. “How about walking over to that wildflower field and having our own springtime celebration?” At first, the idea didn’t exactly make us kids jump up and down. But as we started looking around, cool things started happening. “Hey!” Indi whispered. “This huge butterfly landed on my knee!” “She’s so beautiful.” I said. “Look, there are two lovely rabbits happily eating grass there!” Just then, we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees, flew into the sky, and swooped (俯冲) around in the most amazing wavelike patterns, right over our heads. “Wow, that is the most magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” I shouted. “I wish it could happen every day,” said Tex. “Me too,” said Indi. Dad looked on his phone to learn more about the birds. It turned out that millions of birds of different kinds passed by during spring migration (迁徙). Although the workers fixed our car, by then it was too late to make it to the farm. But my parents let us eat cupcakes—and they were delicious! Anyway, it was a pretty special picnic. Even though sometimes you can get so discouraged (灰心的) that you want to give up, don’t give up! If you try to stay open to what’s actually happening around you, you might just discover wonders beside you. Adapted from Finding The Awesomeness by Lissa Rovetch 1．Which word can replace (替换) the underlined part “jump up and down”? A．excited B．relaxed C．surprised D．scared 2．What’s the correct order of the following events in the passage? ① calling roadside service for help ② noticing two rabbits eating grass ③ choosing a place to have a picnic ④ seeing millions of birds flying over the heads A．④②①③ B．③④②① C．①③②④ D．③②①④ 3．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The family had ever taken the shortcut before. B．The cupcakes were prepared for feeding animals. C．The family became birdwatchers after the picnic. D．The special picnic place was a bit far from Aunt’s farm. 4．What does this passage mainly tell us? A．Being close to nature is good for kids. B．Learn to accept those you can’t avoid. C．With my family by side, my heart is full of joy. D．Delicious food has the power to create happiness. （5） （2024·北京东城·二模）We live in a society that judges our happiness by how much we have achieved and how successful we are. We are often told, “Work hard, become successful, and then you`ll be happy.” Is it true? Can Success Bring Happiness? Happiness helps you get success; it’s not the other way around. Studies show happier people are more likely to be successful, but successful people are predictably not more cheerful. When you are happier, you feel more hopeful, thankful, and strong-minded, which are important for success. As a result, you have a better chance of getting better jobs and even building stronger relationships. Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one. Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness. Moreover, depending on success for happiness often adds pressure, stress and negativity to every part of our lives. In conclusion, chasing (追求) happiness and well-being is better than running after success. ___△___ Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives. Trying to lead a happy life is not always about refusing our negative emotions or acting as if we feel happy all the time. We all experience difficult periods, and it’s natural for us to feel sad, angry, and other negative emotions. Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times. Is Happiness Being Satisfied With What You Have? Does the thought of “not having enough” trouble you all the time? Are you always chasing something bigger and better? At the end of the day, that kind of chase can undoubtedly leave anyone empty and tired. And in that process, you are missing out on getting happiness from plenty of things you have right now. Instead of focusing on getting more, you need to focus on all you have in your life at the present moment. When you start sharing what you have, you find your happiness continuously increasing. Sure, you can work hard for success. But success won’t necessarily lead to happiness. True happiness is in the climb itself. So, focus on being happy right now. Be proud of where you are in life and who you are. Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals. 1．The word “guarantee” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．influence B．require C．promise D．prevent 2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4? A．When Do You Feel Truly Happy? B．What Does Happiness Really Mean to You? C．How Can You Fully Embrace Your Happiness? D．Why Is Refusing Negative Emotions Key to Happiness? 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．the more you achieve, the happier you will be B．one can’t succeed without giving up some happiness C．chasing great achievement s is necessary for happiness D．true happiness comes from enjoying the journey to success 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To help people balance happiness and success. B．To explain why success brings happiness to people. C．To stress the importance of both happiness and success. D．To guide people to value happiness above achieving success. （6） （2023·北京西城·一模）Awe is the feeling we get in the presence of something vast that challenges our understanding of the world, like looking up at millions of stars in the night sky or shaking hands with a basketball superstar. When people feel awe, they may use other words to talk about the experience, such as wonder, amazement or excitement. We often think about awe when we experience uncommon and extraordinary events, such as viewing a sunrise over the Grand Canyon or watching Olympians break world records. But when scientists study people’s experiences of awe, they suggest awe is also found in everyday life—watching a gingko tree change from green to yellow, or seeing a stranger give food to a homeless person. The feeling of awe affects the way we view ourselves. The experience of awe can have a deep influence on our mental (心理的)health, by allowing us to put our worries into perspective. When we are in the presence of something vast and indescribable, we feel unimportant, and so do our worries. The experience of awe lifts us out of the common practical thoughts that control our daily lives. and it allows us to have inner peace. In areas where the population can easily get to beautiful green spaces, people report greater happiness and goodwill toward others. A study showed that older adults who took weekly 15-minute outdoor walks in nature for eight weeks reported increased positive emotions and less pain in their daily lives. People in awe are more likely to show kindness and feel a greater sense of connection to others and the world. In moments of awe, we direct ourselves from the sense that we are solely (独自地)in control of our own future to the feeling we are part of a community. When we give less attention to our own goals and needs, we are more likely to be able to notice others and what they may be experiencing. In sum, awe arises when we run into the wonders of life and leads to a disappearing of the self. Stepping outside of oneself is a valuable skill. It is possible to find awe-inspiring moments in all different places. Therefore, actively look for the experiences that feed your own hunger for awe, be it through admiring the trees in your neighborhood, or seeing the goodness in others. Take the time to slow down and open your mind to those things which you do not fully understand. You will be the better for it—and, as your feelings of awe spread through acts of kindness, so will the rest of us. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Meeting strangers often brings feelings of excitement. B．Even common daily events can lead to the feeling of awe. C．Uncommon events are usually related to the beauty of nature. D．Greater happiness can result from giving ourselves more attention. 2．The words “put our worries into perspective” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．get used to our worries completely B．deal with our worries as soon as possible C．share our worries with family and close friends D．understand the actual importance of our worries 3．A person who has just experienced awe will probably ________. A．readily reach out to those in need B．report feeling more self-important C．separate himself from the rest of a group D．be unwilling to work with others on a team 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show us ways to understand what awe is. B．To explain to us how awe can improve health. C．To encourage us to be ready to experience awe. D．To advise us to free ourselves from the fear of awe. 主旨大意题 段落大意题 该题型主要考查学生对段落核心信息的提取和归纳能力，需抓住主题句并梳理逻辑关系。其核心考查点包括：1.识别段落主题句（多位于段首或段尾）;2.区分主旨与细节（避免将具体事例误作为核心内容）;3.把握段落结构（如总分、分总、并列等）。 解题步骤 Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词：如however、therefore等。 Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的或主旨。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案。 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 段落大意题 What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China's EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词（见文中波浪线标注） Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的 （1）分析段落结构 前两句：政府推动（The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. ）→行业快速发展（As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly.）。此部分说明电车发展现状。 后两句：数据对比，2004年（BYD was the only company showing EVs there）→2024年（there were 278 different EV models on show）。此部分通过时间线展示 行业规模扩大，进一步说明了上述情况。 （2）确定核心目的 通过对比2004年和2024年的车展情况，展示了中国电车行业的发展，从只有一家到众多品牌百花齐放。本段的核心目的是展示行业发展 ，而非单纯介绍品牌或展会信息。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A.To introduce different EV brands in China. 引入品牌是细节信息，非段落核心目的 B.To give some information about Auto China. 车展信息是支撑“发展”的例子，服务于“行业快速发展”这一主题，而非段落核心目的 C.To show the development of China's EV industry. 通过数据对比突出“快速发展”，为正确答案 D.To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 段落中未提及“建议购买”，属于无中生有 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 [2024四川南充节选]I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind.The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I'm sure that sight must be the most pleasant. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?（ ） A. A description of different senses. B. A method of living a pleasant life. C. Encouragement to the blind people. D. Advice to people without disabilities. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出并细读段落主题句。 对于多数段落（首段除外）来说，首句一般为该段的主题句。若首句后有but等表转折的词，则该词后面一般为主题句。如果首句为问句，则回答也有可能是主题句。如果是总结性的段落，段落尾句也有可能是主题句。 最后一段首句表明作者在给那些能看见的人提建议。 Step 2 对比选项，找出与主题句表达意思一致的选项。 D选项的Advice是最后一段第一句中suggestion的同义词；D项的people without disabilities与原文的those who see在语义上对应。 最佳标题/文章主旨 标题是对文章的高度概括，可采用快速寻找文章主旨大意的方法来归纳文章的主要内容，进而总结最佳标题。所以最佳标题题和文章主旨题的解题思路基本相同。 解题步骤 Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句：重点阅读文章的首尾段及每段的中心句。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨：总结文章主旨大意或结合首尾段和其他段落的中心句，获取文章主旨大意。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点（简洁性、针对性和新颖性）判断最佳标题 选标题三字口诀 ·精：提炼主干去枝叶（删具体事例或数据，避免细节堆砌、以偏概全） ·准：匹配首尾高频词（通常标题里的重点词汇可贯穿全文） ·新：新颖表述增活力（非常规表达会激发读者的好奇心，更抓眼球） 避开干扰项 1.避免落入细节陷阱：避免选择仅包含某一具体细节的标题。 2.避免概括范围过窄：避免选择仅对应单一段落内容的标题。 3.避免大帽压顶：避免选择过度笼统的超出文章范畴的标题。 例题2 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 4．题型8最佳标题题 What is the best title for the text?（ ） A．Dream Big B．The Boston Marathon C．Think Twice D．The Story of Grandpa 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句 开头（Dave的童年）： 转折（12岁生日）： 发展（每年生日跑步）：对跑步的坚持，展示了梦想的延续。 高潮（波士顿马拉松）：第一次失败后，爷爷的鼓励“...you didn't fail. You discovered something.”“...you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work.”强化了主题——实现梦想需要努力。 结尾（爷爷去世后）：Dave的呼喊将个人梦想与爷爷的鼓励结合，点明梦想已经实现。 所以，中心句是爷爷的建议。爷爷的话反复强调了big dreams（大梦想）的重要性，贯穿全文。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨 通过梳理文章，可归纳主旨大意：我身材矮小，但在爷爷的鼓励下，不断努力，最终实现了自己的大梦想。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点判断最佳标题 本文是记叙文，仔细阅读发现“_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ”在文中以不同的形式反复出现，这就是文章的线索词汇。 选项 分析 A. Dream Big 文章线索词汇，反复出现 B. The Boston Marathon 是文章的高潮情节，但不是文章主旨，太狭窄，属于“以偏概全” C. Think Twice 文中未提及，偏离主题 D. The Story of Grandpa 与文意不符，本文主要描述的是在爷爷的鼓励下，作者努力坚持，最终取得成功的故事 由此可推断，正确答案为A项。 [2024安徽]If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. ... If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath（呼吸） and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don't say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual（相互的） understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions（情绪） that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 问：What is the text mainly about?（ ） A. How to manage anger. B. How to show feelings. C. How to deal with regrets. D. How to understand the world. 解题步骤： Step 1 速览全文，找到文章中反复提到的词。 该文章提及最多的词是angry/anger，即全文的主题词。 Step 2 首尾段验证。 读首尾段内容，确定主题。 由首尾段画波浪线的内容可知，该文章讲述的是如何应对自己的愤怒情绪。 Step 3 对比选项，找到含有主题词或其同义词，且符合文章主旨的选项。 A选项提到文章主题词anger，且表述符合文章主旨。 [2024湖南节选]Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells（细胞） inside the ears that help us hear. ... Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don't grow back. ... That's why it's necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We'd better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. ... To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 问：What's the main idea of the passage?（ ） A. Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B. When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C. After using a headphone, check your ears. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段主题句。 Step 2 将各段主题句所表达的意思串联起来，归纳出文章主旨。 Para. 1 耳机可能有危害。 Para. 2 我们是如何听到声音的。 Para. 3 很大的噪声可能会损害耳朵里的细胞。 Para. 4 我们如何保护耳朵？我们用耳机时最好降低音量。 耳机对耳朵可能有伤害，我们使用时需要降低音量。 Step 3 对比选项，找到与主旨意思一致的选项。 B选项符合。 解题提示 所有文章或段落的写作都是围绕主旨/主题呈现内容的。有一些题型的正确选项与主旨表达的意思方向一致，文章/段落主旨可以作为参考。 [2024湖北武汉]The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry：“Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）： “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 问：What would be the best title for the passage?（ ） A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan 解题步骤： Step 1 画出文章的关键情节。 Step 2 梳理情节，归纳出主旨。 ①游泳者扎入水下，拿着瓶子出来。 ②一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，将清除池塘里面的垃圾作为使命。 ③该团队是如何组织起来的。 ④该组织得到人们的高度评价。 文章主要讲述了一群老年女性志愿清理池塘中的垃圾的事情。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最贴近主旨的标题。 对比选项，A选项只提到游泳俱乐部；B选项只提到令人担忧的池塘，较为片面；D选项提到警示标语，文中未体现。C选项“入水时刻”最符合文章主旨，故选C。 写作意图 该题型主要考查学生透过表层文字把握作者深层表达目的的能力，要求学生结合文本内容、情感倾向和文体特征进行逻辑推理。 解答此类题要了解文章的主要内容，通过文章的主题推断作者的写作意图。具体可按照“三看一验”法则解答： Step 1 看文体（议论文→说服，记叙文→启示） Step 2 看尾段（总结句→意图浓缩） Step 3 看修辞（比喻、反问→强化目的） Step 4 验逻辑（选项是否涵盖全文核心矛盾） 一般而言，文章的基本写作目的有以下几类： 1.科普说明文→主要是普及科学知识、告知信息 2.议论文→主要是说服他人相信作者的观点或驳斥他人的观点 3.记叙文→主要是通过叙述某事来抒发作者内心的情感（如感恩） 4.热点话题类→吸引人们关注某一社会现象，引发反思（如环保） 避开干扰项 1.避免绝对化表述：含must、never、all的选项通常会过度延伸。 2.避免偷换主体陷阱：如将“政府责任”替换为“个人义务”。 3.避免情感倒置干扰：如原文作者持批判态度，选项却含褒扬的词汇。 例题3 Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 写作意图题 The purpose of the article is to _ _ _ _ .（ ） A．offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences B．teach us knowledge of different life skills C．encourage us to make something important D．ask us to develop creativity through small acts 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） 用“三看一验”法则解答 Step 1 看文体 本文是一篇议论文，旨在说服人们积极主动参与创新活动。 Step 2 看尾段 本文的尾句是文章的总结 句。 Step 3 看修辞 本文无明显的比喻、反问等修辞手法。 Step 4 验逻辑 选项 分析 A. offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences 文章并未提及各种想法和经历 B. teach us knowledge of different life skills 文章未教授具体的生活技能知识 C. encourage us to make something important 虽然提到创作漫画、写博客等行为，但重点并非“制作重要物品”，而是鼓励任何形式的自我表达 D. ask us to develop creativity through small acts 文章利用漫画创作、博客写作、个性化空间布置等例子，说明日常小事也可以激发创造力 综上可知，文章的末/尾句明确点题，通过日常微小的创意实践，为更大胆的创新突破奠定基础，与D项完全契合。 篇章结构题 篇章结构题考查学生对文章整体结构和行文逻辑的分析判断能力。记叙文常以时间顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开；说明文常采用下定义、举例子、作比较等方法进行说明。 [2024湖北]So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. the ancient stories, space scientists  get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：Which is the right structure of the passage?（ ） （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ...） A. B. C. D. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段的关键信息。 Para. 1 科学家在给卫星和飞船命名时受到了古代故事和古代著名人物的启发。 Para. 2 使用《嫦娥奔月》的故事命名。 Para. 3 使用《夸父逐日》的故事命名。 Para. 4 使用墨子的名字命名。 Para. 5 我们可以看出传统文化有多么伟大及其对现代科技的影响。 Step 2 划分段落结构（可借助表示逻辑关系的词）。 第1段总述，2、3、4段举例，第5段总结全文。 Step 3 对比选项。 A选项正确，符合“总—分—总”结构。 随堂训练 （1） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）Chinese tea culture is an important part of the country’s long-time traditions. It has a history of thousands of years. The heart of tea culture is the tea ceremony (茶道). It’s not just about drinking tea, but also about enjoying the art and the ideas behind it. The Classic of Tea, written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, is considered as the world’s first book on tea culture. It has greatly influenced the development of the tea ceremony. The Gongfu tea ceremony comes from Guangdong and Fujian provinces. It’s especially well-known for the very careful way of making and serving tea. Every movement is done with great care. The process (过程) has several steps. First, heat up the teapot and cups. Then, put tea leaves into the teapot. Next, pour hot water. Finally, serve the tea. Each step must be done carefully, paying attention to every small detail. ________ People believe it can help calm their minds and make them feel closer to nature and others. The nice-looking tea sets, the sound of water being poured, and the lovely smell of the tea all bring a full and great feeling to our senses. It reminds us that it’s important to take time to enjoy the simple and good things in life. 1．What’s the Gongfu tea ceremony famous for? A．The colorful tea sets used in the ceremony. B．The four main steps in the process of making tea. C．The careful way of making and serving tea. D．The use of special tea leaves only found in Fujian. 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________? A．The tea ceremony helps people find peace in their hearts. B．The tea ceremony is a way to show tea-making skills. C．The tea ceremony is simply about how to drink tea. D．The tea ceremony is mostly about talking with friends. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．The Role of Chinese Tea B．The Importance of Tea Sets C．The Development of Tea D．The Chinese Tea Ceremony. （2） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）How did you sleep last night? Like most people, you would choose your favorite position at bedtime. But during your sleep, you likely changed to different positions. If you wonder whether there’s a best way to sleep, you’re not alone. There’s plenty of information online about how to sleep. But according to some sleep scientists, we’d better not try to control our sleep position. “Sometimes there’s more harm than good in trying to control your sleep position,” says Raman Malhotra, an American scientist. Joseph De Koninck, an expert from Canada, has wondered how people really sleep at night. He created a way to photograph sleep positions without waking up a patient. After the study, he found one thing: The position you take at the beginning of sleep is not necessarily the one you use through the night. Once you go to sleep, your body is in charge of its position and decides the position. Malhotra agrees. “There are positions that are more comfortable for some patients,” he says. For example, a pain in your left leg might cause you to sleep mostly on your right side. But it can be hard to train people to avoid certain positions during their sleep. Instead of worrying about something that’s hard to control, Malhotra says it’s worth asking yourself how you feel when you wake up. If you’re well-rested, you don’t need to worry about sleep positions. So next time you go to sleep, close your eyes, relax, and let nature take its course. 1．What did De Koninck do to know how people really sleep at night? A．He watched many videos about sleep positions. B．He took photos of patients’ sleep positions. C．He made an online survey among his patients. D．He searched for information online. 2．What does the underlined word “charge” probably mean? A．fear B．danger C．need D．control 3．According to Malhotra, how may a man sleep at night if his right leg gets hurt? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To ask us to use different sleep positions. B．To ask us to find the best sleep position. C．To tell us not to care too much about sleep positions. D．To tell us not to worry about our feelings when waking up. （3） （25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期末）Fan Zhongyan, from the Song Dynasty, was always hard-working, although he faced many ups and downs in his lifetime. One of his best sayings was, “Worry about the world before the world worries, and rejoice (深感欣喜) with the world after the world rejoices.” It means ________ He often gave away his money to help others, even if it meant his family sometimes had to go through hard times. Fan was born in 989. Sadly, his father passed away when Fan was a baby. This sudden change turned his life upside down. His mother and he had to move to another village. Near the village, there was a tall mountain. Halfway up this mountain was a lovely temple. In a forest, the temple was a peaceful location for thinking and learning, and it became a perfect place for people to study. At about eleven or twelve, Fan went to the temple and borrowed a room to study. He spent most of his time there, studying day and night. During the cold winter months, when he was sleepy, he splashed (朝……上泼) his face with cold water to stay awake and then kept reading. He ate two meals a day, and his meals were simple—just porridge and pickles (腌菜). This life continued for three long years, but Fan never gave up. He put his heart into his studies, and over time, he became a famous writer in Chinese history. 1．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 1. A．he rejoiced when he had money. B．he worried about his family first. C．he thought of himself in hard times. D．he cared about others more than himself. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The temple. B．The mountain. C．The village. D．The forest. 3．Why did Fan Zhongyan splash cold water on his face? A．To cool down in summer. B．To wash his face after eating. C．To play a game with his friends. D．To stay awake and keep studying. 4．What can we learn from Fan Zhongyan’s life? A．Temple life is perfect. B．Hard work leads to success. C．A writer faces ups and downs. D．We should care about ourselves. （4） （24-25九年级上·福建福州·期末）In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots （5） （25-26九年级上·湖北宜昌·期末）①You can’t see them with your eyes, but they are everywhere in our world—microorganisms (微生物). They live in the air we breathe, the soil under our feet, and even the food on our plates. Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers. ②Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods. For example, the delicious yogurt you often have for breakfast is produced with special bacteria (细菌). These bacteria turn milk into thick yogurt that’s good for our health. Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms. They not only keep the vegetables fresh for a long time but also add a special sour taste that makes the dish more delicious. ③Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong. ④What’s more, they help us make medicine and even clean polluted water. For example, some microorganisms can make things that kill bad bacteria in our bodies. They are used to make medicine that treats illnesses like a sore throat. Also, microorganisms can break down the harmful things in dirty water and turn it into clean water that is safe for people and animals. This makes our environment much healthier and cleaner. ⑤Next time you see a yogurt cup or a forest floor covered with leaves, remember: there’s a hidden world of something tiny working hard. 1．What can we learn about microorganisms in the first paragraph? A．They’re not living things. B．They only live in the soil. C．They are tiny but helpful. D．They can be seen with eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Many families B．Pickled vegetables C．Microorganisms D．Special dishes 3．How do microorganisms help us? ①make delicious food    ②prevent colds    ③make medicine ④make the soil rich    ⑤cause food sickness A．①③④ B．①②⑤ C．②③④ D．③④⑤ 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how microorganisms work. B．To advise people to use microorganisms. C．To introduce good uses of microorganisms. D．To tell the differences between microorganisms. （6） （25-26九年级上·湖北襄阳·期末）These years, more e-waste recycling plans have been called for in China. What is E-Waste? E-waste is short for electronic waste, which refers to old technology that you are no longer using. It includes microwaves, computers, TVs, batteries (电池), screens, chargers, printer cartridges and even kitchen equipment. What is the Influence of E-Waste? According to the Global E-waste Monitor 2020, the world’s e-waste would reach 74.7 million tons by 2030. That’s almost a doubling of e-waste in just 16 years. This makes e-waste the world’s fastest-growing household waste. The report also found that only 17.4% of the world’s e-waste was collected and recycled in 2019. This meant that gold, silver, copper (铜) and other high-value materials were mostly burned or thrown instead of being reused. It was a waste of about 360 billion yuan. E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water. ▲ Technology companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, a Chinese company built a robot called Reuz to take mobile phones apart. It can take 200 mobile phones apart within an hour. Previously the phones were cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Reuse, valuable materials can be pulled out more easily. There are some steps we can all take to reduce our e-waste. Here are my top tips: • Instead of buying a new product, try to repair your old one first. • Search for recycling organizations and give away your old electronics to them. • Take out all the batteries because they need to be recycled separately. • Give much publicity (宣传) in your community to raise people’s awareness of e-waste recycling. 1．Mobile phone batteries can be found in the ______. A． B． C． D． 2．How does the writer introduce the influence of e-waste? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By using an example. 3．Which of the following is the best to fill in the ▲ ? A．What Can We Do to Reduce It? B．Where Are Mobile Phones Taken Apart? C．What Problems Can E-Waste Bring Us? D．Who Are Ready to Solve the Problem? 4．What can we infer from the writer’s tips about e-waste recycling? A．Batteries can be recycled together with other old electronics. B．Raising public awareness is helpful for e-waste recycling. C．Repairing electronics is the most effective way to reduce e-waste. D．Donating old electronics is the only way to deal with e-waste. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of electronic products development. B．To warn readers about the dangers of using electronic devices. C．To call on people to pay attention to e-waste and its recycling. D．To teach readers how to repair old electronic products by themselves. （7） （2025·山东济南·三模）The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important role in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters remain today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and other have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, “rat” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to the general population, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How does the writer introduced the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ______. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 3．Which Chinese character used the underlined (下划线的) method in paragraph 5? A．明 B．弯 C．亦 D．桐 4．What can we learn about Chinese characters from the passage? A．They have turned easier than before. B．They’ve been accepted by more people nowadays. C．They kept the same like other ancient symbols. D．They are formed by bringing alphabets and characters apart. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the history of Chinese characters’ development. B．To describe the importance of Chinese characters. C．To compare the differences between English words and Chinese characters. D．To tell the reasons why most people like Chinese characters today. （8） （2025·江西萍乡·模拟预测）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent those from happening within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will invite birds to kill the insects. C．They will send the insects to another plant. D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 2．How are the wood wide web linked by fungi? A．By making noises with their roots. B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. C．By sharing food and information with each other. D．By spreading chemicals to each other. 3．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The bad effects of the wood wide web. B．The information and food shared among plants. C．The natural growth processes of the fungi. D．The roots that link the plants together. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret Language of Plants. B．The Wood Wide Web of Plants. C．The Plants that Give Warnings. D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 阅读理解--推理判断、主旨大意题精讲 推理判断题 观点态度/人物评价 知识归纳 正面：positive（积极的）、hopeful（有希望的）、successful（成功的）、beneficial（有益的）、warm-hearted（热心的）、patient（有耐心的）、selfless（无私的） 负面：disappointing（令人失望的）、harmful（有害的）、critical（挑剔的）、worried（担忧的）、careless（粗心的）、lazy（懒惰的）、selfish（自私的） 中立态度：objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的） 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 观点态度题 What's the writer's attitude （态度） towards the future of China's EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 根据文章主题句判断 （1）关注首尾段 首段分析：本段用数据和事实强调中国在电车领域的领先地位，奠定了积极的基调。 末段分析：第一句“EVs are the way of the future.”和第四句“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”直接表达出对电车未来的肯定，并明确中国将持续领先，体现了作者乐观的态度。 （2）分析用词的褒贬与感情色彩 褒义词汇：encouraging（支持）、develops very quickly（发展迅速）、improve technologies（提升技术）、gain greater rewards（获得更大的回报） 结论：高频使用的是褒义词，表明作者对中国电车行业的认可/期待 。 （3）注意转折词后的态度 文章第三段提到挑战：“...EV brands cut prices...EV makers without...will face growing risks.”但后文用短语At the same time 和On the other hand引出积极的应对措施：“government is adding even more charging points”（政府行动）和“people are aware of the environmental problems...”（公众环保意识提升） 分析：作者承认中国电车行业面临的挑战，但更强调各方积极的应对措施和美好前景，态度偏向抱有希望的 而非担忧的（抱有希望的/担忧的）。 Step 2 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. Uncertain.（不确定的） 文中多次用事实数据（如产量、出口量），且文末用到了表示高概率推测的表述（very likely），所以排除此项 B. Hopeful.（抱有希望的） 文中的积极用语及数据支撑体现出作者持乐观积极的态度，所以B项为正确答案 C. Doubtful.（怀疑的） 作者承认挑战但未质疑行业前景，反而强调各方积极的应对措施和电车的优势，与怀疑态度矛盾 D. Worried.（担忧的） 作者虽然提到风险，但整体用词积极且突出应对措施 文章出处题 常见设题方式 ·Where can we probably read the text? ·Where can the text be found? ·In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? 解题步骤 Step 1 确定文章体裁 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 常见的文章特点及对应的出处/来源 特点 出处/来源 ·文章具有很强的时效性 ·关键词news，文章内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件 newspaper/news report 出现电影、活动、节目等的名称，且出现价格、时间、地点等信息 advertisement 介绍某一地区的风景名胜、特色美食或地域文化 travel guide 介绍说明科普知识或科学研究（阶段性）成果 science report/study report 介绍某设备或产品 product instructions/product guide 出现网络图标、网址或click、 homepage等词 website 涉及科学假设，推演未知等内容 science fiction 例题2 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 文章出处题 In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage?（ ） A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 确定文章体裁 分析文章内容：文章以头发/羊毛为线索，说明了毛发的多种用途，文章的体裁为说明文。 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 文章主题：头发/羊毛的多种用途。 关键科学词汇：nitrogen（氮）、trace（微量）、chemicals（化学物质）、solve crimes（破案） Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 选项 是否匹配文本内容（√/×） 理由 A. History. × 无历史事件、人物或时代背景等描述 B. Fashion. × 仅提及“造型乐趣”，不是主要内容,文章的核心是毛发的用途 C. Science. √ 涉及农业、化学、物理、医学等多领域的科学知识 D. Health. × “有害化学物质检测”仅是头发的其中一个用途 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 后文预测题 该题型主要考查学生获取和梳理语篇中一系列事件的主题和因果关系、预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局或者根据已知信息合理预测下文内容的能力。 解题步骤 Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据（将表达未来事件的相关语句作为重点推理依据） （1）精读题干指定段落（如要求预测结尾，则重点读最后1~2段）。 （2）画出因果标志词（so、because、therefore）、转折标志词（but、however）、总结标志词汇（in conclusion、one thing is for sure）或问题句（Have you ever...?）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 梳理文章中讲述的事件的关系，找出未解决的矛盾或未完结的探索。 Step 3 分析预测类型 类型 文本特征 预测结局 结尾没有总结句或提出开放式问题 预测下文内容 段落末尾提出新问题或新现象 预测伏笔发展 前文埋下伏笔，细节未展开（如solve crimes相关情节） Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 预测原则： 必须基于文本线索，禁止引入外部知识。 干扰项特征： 脱离前文主题或重复已提及内容。 例题3 My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 后文预测题 According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer would most probably _ _ _ _ in the future.（ ） A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据 精读指定段落：画线句子位于文章尾/末 段，需重点分析最后1~2段。 预测依据：Julie所说的“do more”是核心点，暗示延续当前的行动并扩大（greener）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 经以上分析可知，接下来作者和Julie的目标是做得更多——增加植被（grass/vegetables），让城镇更绿。 Step 3 分析预测类型 文章发展脉络为“提出梦想→想出方案→执行方案→树立新目标”，这里是基于开放性结尾预测下文/后文内容。 Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 推出结论：B项最合理，因为它对应了作者与Julie的新目标（找更多空地种草和蔬菜，才能让城镇更绿）。 判断选项正误法 例4 [2024山东烟台节选]This is the world's first try to bring samples （样本） from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the Soviet Union（苏联） and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. ... “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6（C选项对应的原文） with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community （B选项对应的原文）,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 问：What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words?（ ） A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出选项中的关键信息。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干可定位到最后一段。该教授表示，将此次嫦娥六号带回的月球背面样本与之前的月球近侧样本进行对比，对于整个国际社会都有宝贵的科学价值。 Step 3 对比选项与原文。 A选项：文中无对应信息。B选项：与原文内容同义，正确。C选项：原文提到的是嫦娥六号从月球背面采样，并不是从两面都采样。D选项：文中没有提到嫦娥六号在返回之前就对比样本。 随堂训练 （1） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist, died of illness in Beijing on October 18, 2025. This Nobel Prize winner was also an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a Tsinghua University professor (教授). Yang was born in 1922. As a teenager, he lived in Tsinghua Garden—a place that left him deep memories. Later, he studied at Southwest Associated (联合) University. In 1945, Yang went to the US for further education and got his doctoral degree. His greatest achievement came in 1957—he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Li Zhengdao, for the theory of parity non-conservation (宇称不守恒理论), becoming the first Chinese scientist to win this honor. What’s more, his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” (杨-米尔斯规范场论) is seen as a basis of modern physics. Yang loved his motherland deeply. In 1971, he became the first top scientist to visit New China after 1949. He managed to build bridges between Chinese and American scientists and helped many Chinese students to study abroad. Yang started teaching at Tsinghua University from 1999. He said, “Chinese culture is like a root in my heart.” He served science and his country all his life. His motto (座右铭) “Be honest rather than clever” encourages the young to seek (追求) truth in science and life. 1．How old was Yang Zhenning when he died? A．99 years old. B．101 years old. C．103 years old. D．105 years old. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize all by himself. B．Yang Zhenning had a long connection with Tsinghua University. C．Yang Zhenning only studied at Southwest Associated University. D．Yang Zhenning never went back to China after studying in the US. 3．What is the best structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C．    D 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了世界著名物理学家杨振宁的生平经历、主要成就以及他对祖国和科学的热爱。文章通过时间顺序讲述了杨振宁从出生、求学、获得诺贝尔奖到晚年回国任教的一生，展现了他对科学的贡献和对祖国的深厚情感。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist, died of illness in Beijing on October 18, 2025.”和第二段“Yang was born in 1922.”可知，杨振宁出生于1922年，去世于2025年，去世时年龄为2025-1922 = 103岁。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As a teenager, he lived in Tsinghua Garden—a place that left him deep memories.”和第四段“Yang started teaching at Tsinghua University from 1999.”可知，杨振宁青少年时期住在清华园，晚年又在清华大学任教，说明他与清华大学有着长期的联系。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第一段总体介绍杨振宁的去世及其身份；第二、三、四段分别讲述他的生平经历、主要成就和对祖国的贡献；第五段总结他的科学精神和座右铭。因此，文章结构为总-分-总，即①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 （2） （25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期末）Family rules are important for teens to grow up healthily and happily. Teens, however, are always testing their limits (极限). So fights between parents and teens are nothing new. What should parents do when the fights are there? Maybe the following advice can help the parents. * ① Learning how to control emotions (情绪) isn’t just important to teens but parents too. Remember teens are growing and changing and their emotional control isn’t fully developed. For your teen to remain calm (镇定的), you need to remain calm first. Instead of letting your emotions get the best of you, take five minutes and calm down. * ② As a parent, you want your teen to be able to do their best. However, wanting teens to be perfect in grades, sports, behavior, etc. can be bad for them. Parents need to praise their teen for their hard work instead of the grade. For example, if your child is trying to complete a chore or studying for test, praise them for their effort. While the chore might not be done perfectly or the grade might not be an A, praising them for their hard work is important. * ③ Friends can be a tricky subject for both teens and parents. Parents want their children to hang out with the right crowd. But teens want to be able to make their own friend choices. While hanging out with the wrong crowd can make parents worried, parents need to think more about their teens’ behavior instead of the behavior of their friends. Believe that your teens will make the right choices. Parents and teens are on different planes most of the time, so lots of different problems can show up. Being patient, both parents and teens can find the right ways to solve the problems. 1．Match the sub-title (小标题) with each part. a. Keep emotions in check. b. Learn about your teen’s feelings. c. Believe in your teen in making friends. d. Set an example to your teen by being perfect. e. Avoid asking for perfection and show praise more. A．①-d; ②-c; ③-a B．①-a; ②-d; ③-b C．①-b; ②-e; ③-d D．①-a; ②-e; ③-c 2．What should parents say to their child if their child got an A in the exam? A．How many students got an A this time? B．Did you get the best grade in your class? C．Work harder and get a better grade next time. D．You must have put in lots of effort. Well done! 3．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Proper. B．Difficult. C．Simple. D．Interesting. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose for writing this article? A．To share ways of making teens happy. B．To tell teens to know more about their parents. C．To tell parents how to get along well with their teens. D．To explain why parents and teens have different opinions. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of this article? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述青少年与父母之间常因家庭规则发生冲突，文章为父母提供了三条建议——控制情绪、避免苛求完美、信任孩子交友选择，以促进亲子关系和谐。 1．细节理解题。根据“For your teen to remain calm, you need to remain calm first... take five minutes and calm down.”可知，这部分主要讲父母需控制自身情绪，因此段落①对应小标题 a. Keep emotions in check.（管控情绪）；根据“…praise their teen for their hard work instead of the grade... praising them for their hard work is important.”可知，这部分强调避免苛求完美，多表扬努力，因此段落②对应小标题 e. Avoid asking for perfection and show praise more.（避免要求完美，多给予表扬）；根据“Believe that your teens will make the right choices.”可知，这部分核心是信任孩子交友的选择，因此段落③对应小标题 c. Believe in your teen in making friends.（相信孩子在交友上的选择）。故选D。 ．推理判断题。根据“…praise their teen for their hard work instead of the grade.”可知，父母应表扬孩子的努力，而非仅仅关注成绩。D项“你一定付出了很多努力，做得好！”符合这一原则。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Parents want their children to hang out with the right crowd. But teens want to be able to make their own friend choices.”可知，父母与孩子在交友问题上的想法存在矛盾，说明这个话题容易引发分歧，处理起来并不轻松，因此“tricky”与Difficult对应，意为“棘手的、难处理的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。全文围绕父母如何应对与青少年的冲突提出具体建议，旨在帮助父母更好地与孩子相处。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。文章结构为：第①段总起，提出“父母与青少年发生冲突该如何应对”的问题，并引出下文的建议；第②③④段分述，用三个并列的段落分别给出三条具体建议；第⑤段总结，点明父母与青少年需耐心解决问题。因此结构是总—分—总。故选D。 （3） （2025·北京海淀·三模）We are in the midst of (处于……之中) a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public idea that our focus is under attack. Indeed, in our new research, we found some clear concerns. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道). There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation (煽情) novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls.” There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds. The reality is that we simply don’t have long-term studies that tell us whether our attention spans have actually shrunk (缩短). What we do know from our study is that people overestimate (高估) some of the problems. There’s no such thing as an average attention span. Our ability to focus varies hugely depending on the individual and the task at hand. It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience. 1．What can we know about some of the participants in the new research? A．They were frequently disturbed by digital devices. B．They felt it hard to acquire useful information online. C．They had shorter attention spans than average people. D．They felt challenged by fierce competition from others. 2．Why does the author mention Socrates in Paragraph 3? A．To stress new cultural forms have limitations. B．To show worry about attention is an age-old problem. C．To prove the important role he played in literary history. D．To explain cultural differences between the past and the present. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People tend to overestimate their abilities. B．Digital distractions might have potential benefits. C．Technology’s benefits have been largely ignored. D．Switching between different tasks frequently is difficult. 4．What message does the author want to convey? A．Digital devices can benefit our work. B．We should say “No” to digital devices. C．Digital distractions really affect us so much. D．We should think highly of new cultural forms. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要探讨数字时代对人类注意力造成的影响。通过调查数据、历史案例和辩证分析，文章指出公众普遍担忧注意力危机，但实际缺乏长期研究数据。同时强调技术带来的益处，主张客观看待注意力问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets.”可知，一半的被调查者认为他们的注意力持续时间比以前短了，相比之下，四分之一的人不这么认为。四分之三的参与者同意，我们生活在一个各种媒体渠道和信息渠道之间无休止地争夺我们注意力的时代。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s.”可知，人们一直担心新的文化形式会威胁到人们的注意力，作者提及苏格拉底是为了表明对注意力的担忧是古老的问题。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life.”可推知，该段落介绍的是数字干扰给我们生活带来的好处。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“We are in the midst of a battle for our attention.”及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨数字时代对人类注意力造成的影响。通过调查数据、历史案例和辩证分析，文章指出公众普遍担忧注意力危机，但实际缺乏长期研究数据。同时强调技术带来的益处，主张客观看待注意力问题。故选A。 （4） （2024·江苏镇江·一模） Aunt invited us to the yearly outdoor spring celebration on her farm last month. On the way, we decided to take a little side road as a shortcut (捷径). But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove on, and just when we were in the very middle of nowhere, our car started making a strange noise. We had to call roadside service. But the roadside-service truck wouldn’t come soon. We felt down as we were going to be late. “We’re going to miss everything!” complained Tex. “Look on the bright side,” said Dad, “Our car couldn’t have picked a prettier place to break down.” “I agree,” Mom said, taking out the picnic blanket. “How about walking over to that wildflower field and having our own springtime celebration?” At first, the idea didn’t exactly make us kids jump up and down. But as we started looking around, cool things started happening. “Hey!” Indi whispered. “This huge butterfly landed on my knee!” “She’s so beautiful.” I said. “Look, there are two lovely rabbits happily eating grass there!” Just then, we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees, flew into the sky, and swooped (俯冲) around in the most amazing wavelike patterns, right over our heads. “Wow, that is the most magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” I shouted. “I wish it could happen every day,” said Tex. “Me too,” said Indi. Dad looked on his phone to learn more about the birds. It turned out that millions of birds of different kinds passed by during spring migration (迁徙). Although the workers fixed our car, by then it was too late to make it to the farm. But my parents let us eat cupcakes—and they were delicious! Anyway, it was a pretty special picnic. Even though sometimes you can get so discouraged (灰心的) that you want to give up, don’t give up! If you try to stay open to what’s actually happening around you, you might just discover wonders beside you. Adapted from Finding The Awesomeness by Lissa Rovetch 1．Which word can replace (替换) the underlined part “jump up and down”? A．excited B．relaxed C．surprised D．scared 2．What’s the correct order of the following events in the passage? ① calling roadside service for help ② noticing two rabbits eating grass ③ choosing a place to have a picnic ④ seeing millions of birds flying over the heads A．④②①③ B．③④②① C．①③②④ D．③②①④ 3．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The family had ever taken the shortcut before. B．The cupcakes were prepared for feeding animals. C．The family became birdwatchers after the picnic. D．The special picnic place was a bit far from Aunt’s farm. 4．What does this passage mainly tell us? A．Being close to nature is good for kids. B．Learn to accept those you can’t avoid. C．With my family by side, my heart is full of joy. D．Delicious food has the power to create happiness. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了作者和家人去姑姑的农场参加户外春季庆祝活动，没想到车坏在了半路，于是他们充分地享受了这次意外带给他们的快乐。 1．词义猜测题。根据“At first, the idea didn’t exactly make us kids jump up and down.”可知，此处指这一提议没有使孩子们上蹿下跳，说明他们非常兴奋，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“We had to call roadside service.”，“...taking out the picnic blanket. ‘How about walking over to that wildflower field and having our own springtime celebration?’”，“Look, there are two lovely rabbits happily eating grass there!”及“Just then, we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees, flew into the sky, and swooped (俯冲) around in the most amazing wavelike patterns, right over our heads.”可知，车子出了故障后他们先打路边服务电话，然后选择了野餐地点，接着发现了两只可爱的兔子在吃草，然后看到成千上万的鸟飞起，所以正确顺序为①③②④，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“we heard a big sound, and hundreds of birds rose up out of the trees...Wow, that is the most magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!”可推知，野餐后一家人都变成了观鸟者，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据作者的经历及“If you try to stay open to what’s actually happening around you, you might just discover wonders beside you.”可知，作者告诉我们要学会接受那些你无法避免的事情，故选B。 （5） （2024·北京东城·二模）We live in a society that judges our happiness by how much we have achieved and how successful we are. We are often told, “Work hard, become successful, and then you`ll be happy.” Is it true? Can Success Bring Happiness? Happiness helps you get success; it’s not the other way around. Studies show happier people are more likely to be successful, but successful people are predictably not more cheerful. When you are happier, you feel more hopeful, thankful, and strong-minded, which are important for success. As a result, you have a better chance of getting better jobs and even building stronger relationships. Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one. Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness. Moreover, depending on success for happiness often adds pressure, stress and negativity to every part of our lives. In conclusion, chasing (追求) happiness and well-being is better than running after success. ___△___ Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives. Trying to lead a happy life is not always about refusing our negative emotions or acting as if we feel happy all the time. We all experience difficult periods, and it’s natural for us to feel sad, angry, and other negative emotions. Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times. Is Happiness Being Satisfied With What You Have? Does the thought of “not having enough” trouble you all the time? Are you always chasing something bigger and better? At the end of the day, that kind of chase can undoubtedly leave anyone empty and tired. And in that process, you are missing out on getting happiness from plenty of things you have right now. Instead of focusing on getting more, you need to focus on all you have in your life at the present moment. When you start sharing what you have, you find your happiness continuously increasing. Sure, you can work hard for success. But success won’t necessarily lead to happiness. True happiness is in the climb itself. So, focus on being happy right now. Be proud of where you are in life and who you are. Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals. 1．The word “guarantee” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．influence B．require C．promise D．prevent 2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4? A．When Do You Feel Truly Happy? B．What Does Happiness Really Mean to You? C．How Can You Fully Embrace Your Happiness? D．Why Is Refusing Negative Emotions Key to Happiness? 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．the more you achieve, the happier you will be B．one can’t succeed without giving up some happiness C．chasing great achievement s is necessary for happiness D．true happiness comes from enjoying the journey to success 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To help people balance happiness and success. B．To explain why success brings happiness to people. C．To stress the importance of both happiness and success. D．To guide people to value happiness above achieving success. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了幸福与成功的关系，分别介绍了成功能否带来幸福，真正的幸福意味着什么，幸福是否是满足于所拥有的东西。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness.”可知，在取得成功后不久，你就会恢复到通常的幸福水平。结合“Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one.”可知，成功可以使幸福感在短期内增加，但不能保证持久，所以guarantee意思是“保证”，与promise意思最相近。故选C。 2．最佳标题题。根据“Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives... Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times.”可知，该段主要介绍了幸福是什么，故最佳小标题是“幸福对你来说到底意味着什么”，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals.”可知，首先要快乐，拥抱成功之旅。然后，你将能够在生活的许多领域取得更多成就，表现更好，你也将享受实现目标的旅程。由此推知，真正的幸福来自于享受成功之旅。故选D。 4． 推理判断题。本文通过介绍成功能否带来幸福，真正的幸福意味着什么，幸福是否是满足于所拥有的东西，从而幸福比取得成功更重要。故选D。 （6） （2023·北京西城·一模）Awe is the feeling we get in the presence of something vast that challenges our understanding of the world, like looking up at millions of stars in the night sky or shaking hands with a basketball superstar. When people feel awe, they may use other words to talk about the experience, such as wonder, amazement or excitement. We often think about awe when we experience uncommon and extraordinary events, such as viewing a sunrise over the Grand Canyon or watching Olympians break world records. But when scientists study people’s experiences of awe, they suggest awe is also found in everyday life—watching a gingko tree change from green to yellow, or seeing a stranger give food to a homeless person. The feeling of awe affects the way we view ourselves. The experience of awe can have a deep influence on our mental (心理的)health, by allowing us to put our worries into perspective. When we are in the presence of something vast and indescribable, we feel unimportant, and so do our worries. The experience of awe lifts us out of the common practical thoughts that control our daily lives. and it allows us to have inner peace. In areas where the population can easily get to beautiful green spaces, people report greater happiness and goodwill toward others. A study showed that older adults who took weekly 15-minute outdoor walks in nature for eight weeks reported increased positive emotions and less pain in their daily lives. People in awe are more likely to show kindness and feel a greater sense of connection to others and the world. In moments of awe, we direct ourselves from the sense that we are solely (独自地)in control of our own future to the feeling we are part of a community. When we give less attention to our own goals and needs, we are more likely to be able to notice others and what they may be experiencing. In sum, awe arises when we run into the wonders of life and leads to a disappearing of the self. Stepping outside of oneself is a valuable skill. It is possible to find awe-inspiring moments in all different places. Therefore, actively look for the experiences that feed your own hunger for awe, be it through admiring the trees in your neighborhood, or seeing the goodness in others. Take the time to slow down and open your mind to those things which you do not fully understand. You will be the better for it—and, as your feelings of awe spread through acts of kindness, so will the rest of us. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Meeting strangers often brings feelings of excitement. B．Even common daily events can lead to the feeling of awe. C．Uncommon events are usually related to the beauty of nature. D．Greater happiness can result from giving ourselves more attention. 2．The words “put our worries into perspective” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．get used to our worries completely B．deal with our worries as soon as possible C．share our worries with family and close friends D．understand the actual importance of our worries 3．A person who has just experienced awe will probably ________. A．readily reach out to those in need B．report feeling more self-important C．separate himself from the rest of a group D．be unwilling to work with others on a team 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show us ways to understand what awe is. B．To explain to us how awe can improve health. C．To encourage us to be ready to experience awe. D．To advise us to free ourselves from the fear of awe. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了在所有不同的地方都可能找到令人敬畏的时刻，鼓励我们做好体验敬畏的准备。 1．细节理解题。根据“But when scientists study people’s experiences of awe, they suggest awe is also found in everyday life—watching a gingko tree change from green to yellow, or seeing a stranger give food to a homeless person.”可知，即使是平常的日常事件，也会让人产生敬畏感。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The experience of awe can have a deep influence on our mental (心理的) health, by allowing us to put our worries into perspective.”可知，敬畏的经历能够对我们的心理健康产生深深地影响，我们应该理解我们担忧的重要性，因此该词组表示“理解我们担忧的实际重要性”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“People in awe are more likely to show kindness and feel a greater sense of connection to others and the world.”可知，心存敬畏的人更容易表现出善意，感受到与他人和世界更大的联系感。由此可知一个刚经历过敬畏的人可能会乐于向有需要的人伸出援手。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Therefore, actively look for the experiences that feed your own hunger for awe, be it through admiring the trees in your neighborhood, or seeing the goodness in others. Take the time to slow down and open your mind to those things which you do not fully understand. You will be the better for it—and, as your feelings of awe spread through acts of kindness, so will the rest of us.”及全文可知，本文写作的主要目的是鼓励我们准备好体验敬畏。故选C。 主旨大意题 段落大意题 该题型主要考查学生对段落核心信息的提取和归纳能力，需抓住主题句并梳理逻辑关系。其核心考查点包括：1.识别段落主题句（多位于段首或段尾）;2.区分主旨与细节（避免将具体事例误作为核心内容）;3.把握段落结构（如总分、分总、并列等）。 解题步骤 Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词：如however、therefore等。 Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的或主旨。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案。 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 段落大意题 What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China's EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词（见文中波浪线标注） Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的 （1）分析段落结构 前两句：政府推动（The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. ）→行业快速发展（As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly.）。此部分说明电车发展现状。 后两句：数据对比，2004年（BYD was the only company showing EVs there）→2024年（there were 278 different EV models on show）。此部分通过时间线展示 行业规模扩大，进一步说明了上述情况。 （2）确定核心目的 通过对比2004年和2024年的车展情况，展示了中国电车行业的发展，从只有一家到众多品牌百花齐放。本段的核心目的是展示行业发展 ，而非单纯介绍品牌或展会信息。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A.To introduce different EV brands in China. 引入品牌是细节信息，非段落核心目的 B.To give some information about Auto China. 车展信息是支撑“发展”的例子，服务于“行业快速发展”这一主题，而非段落核心目的 C.To show the development of China's EV industry. 通过数据对比突出“快速发展”，为正确答案 D.To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 段落中未提及“建议购买”，属于无中生有 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 [2024四川南充节选]I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind.The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I'm sure that sight must be the most pleasant. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?（ ） A. A description of different senses. B. A method of living a pleasant life. C. Encouragement to the blind people. D. Advice to people without disabilities. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出并细读段落主题句。 对于多数段落（首段除外）来说，首句一般为该段的主题句。若首句后有but等表转折的词，则该词后面一般为主题句。如果首句为问句，则回答也有可能是主题句。如果是总结性的段落，段落尾句也有可能是主题句。 最后一段首句表明作者在给那些能看见的人提建议。 Step 2 对比选项，找出与主题句表达意思一致的选项。 D选项的Advice是最后一段第一句中suggestion的同义词；D项的people without disabilities与原文的those who see在语义上对应。 最佳标题/文章主旨 标题是对文章的高度概括，可采用快速寻找文章主旨大意的方法来归纳文章的主要内容，进而总结最佳标题。所以最佳标题题和文章主旨题的解题思路基本相同。 解题步骤 Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句：重点阅读文章的首尾段及每段的中心句。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨：总结文章主旨大意或结合首尾段和其他段落的中心句，获取文章主旨大意。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点（简洁性、针对性和新颖性）判断最佳标题 选标题三字口诀 ·精：提炼主干去枝叶（删具体事例或数据，避免细节堆砌、以偏概全） ·准：匹配首尾高频词（通常标题里的重点词汇可贯穿全文） ·新：新颖表述增活力（非常规表达会激发读者的好奇心，更抓眼球） 避开干扰项 1.避免落入细节陷阱：避免选择仅包含某一具体细节的标题。 2.避免概括范围过窄：避免选择仅对应单一段落内容的标题。 3.避免大帽压顶：避免选择过度笼统的超出文章范畴的标题。 例题2 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 4．题型8最佳标题题 What is the best title for the text?（ ） A．Dream Big B．The Boston Marathon C．Think Twice D．The Story of Grandpa 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句 开头（Dave的童年）： 转折（12岁生日）： 发展（每年生日跑步）：对跑步的坚持，展示了梦想的延续。 高潮（波士顿马拉松）：第一次失败后，爷爷的鼓励“...you didn't fail. You discovered something.”“...you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work.”强化了主题——实现梦想需要努力。 结尾（爷爷去世后）：Dave的呼喊将个人梦想与爷爷的鼓励结合，点明梦想已经实现。 所以，中心句是爷爷的建议。爷爷的话反复强调了big dreams（大梦想）的重要性，贯穿全文。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨 通过梳理文章，可归纳主旨大意：我身材矮小，但在爷爷的鼓励下，不断努力，最终实现了自己的大梦想。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点判断最佳标题 本文是记叙文，仔细阅读发现“_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ”在文中以不同的形式反复出现，这就是文章的线索词汇。 选项 分析 A. Dream Big 文章线索词汇，反复出现 B. The Boston Marathon 是文章的高潮情节，但不是文章主旨，太狭窄，属于“以偏概全” C. Think Twice 文中未提及，偏离主题 D. The Story of Grandpa 与文意不符，本文主要描述的是在爷爷的鼓励下，作者努力坚持，最终取得成功的故事 由此可推断，正确答案为A项。 [2024安徽]If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. ... If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath（呼吸） and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don't say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual（相互的） understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions（情绪） that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 问：What is the text mainly about?（ ） A. How to manage anger. B. How to show feelings. C. How to deal with regrets. D. How to understand the world. 解题步骤： Step 1 速览全文，找到文章中反复提到的词。 该文章提及最多的词是angry/anger，即全文的主题词。 Step 2 首尾段验证。 读首尾段内容，确定主题。 由首尾段画波浪线的内容可知，该文章讲述的是如何应对自己的愤怒情绪。 Step 3 对比选项，找到含有主题词或其同义词，且符合文章主旨的选项。 A选项提到文章主题词anger，且表述符合文章主旨。 [2024湖南节选]Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells（细胞） inside the ears that help us hear. ... Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don't grow back. ... That's why it's necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We'd better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. ... To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 问：What's the main idea of the passage?（ ） A. Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B. When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C. After using a headphone, check your ears. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段主题句。 Step 2 将各段主题句所表达的意思串联起来，归纳出文章主旨。 Para. 1 耳机可能有危害。 Para. 2 我们是如何听到声音的。 Para. 3 很大的噪声可能会损害耳朵里的细胞。 Para. 4 我们如何保护耳朵？我们用耳机时最好降低音量。 耳机对耳朵可能有伤害，我们使用时需要降低音量。 Step 3 对比选项，找到与主旨意思一致的选项。 B选项符合。 解题提示 所有文章或段落的写作都是围绕主旨/主题呈现内容的。有一些题型的正确选项与主旨表达的意思方向一致，文章/段落主旨可以作为参考。 [2024湖北武汉]The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry：“Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）： “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 问：What would be the best title for the passage?（ ） A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan 解题步骤： Step 1 画出文章的关键情节。 Step 2 梳理情节，归纳出主旨。 ①游泳者扎入水下，拿着瓶子出来。 ②一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，将清除池塘里面的垃圾作为使命。 ③该团队是如何组织起来的。 ④该组织得到人们的高度评价。 文章主要讲述了一群老年女性志愿清理池塘中的垃圾的事情。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最贴近主旨的标题。 对比选项，A选项只提到游泳俱乐部；B选项只提到令人担忧的池塘，较为片面；D选项提到警示标语，文中未体现。C选项“入水时刻”最符合文章主旨，故选C。 写作意图 该题型主要考查学生透过表层文字把握作者深层表达目的的能力，要求学生结合文本内容、情感倾向和文体特征进行逻辑推理。 解答此类题要了解文章的主要内容，通过文章的主题推断作者的写作意图。具体可按照“三看一验”法则解答： Step 1 看文体（议论文→说服，记叙文→启示） Step 2 看尾段（总结句→意图浓缩） Step 3 看修辞（比喻、反问→强化目的） Step 4 验逻辑（选项是否涵盖全文核心矛盾） 一般而言，文章的基本写作目的有以下几类： 1.科普说明文→主要是普及科学知识、告知信息 2.议论文→主要是说服他人相信作者的观点或驳斥他人的观点 3.记叙文→主要是通过叙述某事来抒发作者内心的情感（如感恩） 4.热点话题类→吸引人们关注某一社会现象，引发反思（如环保） 避开干扰项 1.避免绝对化表述：含must、never、all的选项通常会过度延伸。 2.避免偷换主体陷阱：如将“政府责任”替换为“个人义务”。 3.避免情感倒置干扰：如原文作者持批判态度，选项却含褒扬的词汇。 例题3 Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 写作意图题 The purpose of the article is to _ _ _ _ .（ ） A．offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences B．teach us knowledge of different life skills C．encourage us to make something important D．ask us to develop creativity through small acts 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） 用“三看一验”法则解答 Step 1 看文体 本文是一篇议论文，旨在说服人们积极主动参与创新活动。 Step 2 看尾段 本文的尾句是文章的总结 句。 Step 3 看修辞 本文无明显的比喻、反问等修辞手法。 Step 4 验逻辑 选项 分析 A. offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences 文章并未提及各种想法和经历 B. teach us knowledge of different life skills 文章未教授具体的生活技能知识 C. encourage us to make something important 虽然提到创作漫画、写博客等行为，但重点并非“制作重要物品”，而是鼓励任何形式的自我表达 D. ask us to develop creativity through small acts 文章利用漫画创作、博客写作、个性化空间布置等例子，说明日常小事也可以激发创造力 综上可知，文章的末/尾句明确点题，通过日常微小的创意实践，为更大胆的创新突破奠定基础，与D项完全契合。 篇章结构题 篇章结构题考查学生对文章整体结构和行文逻辑的分析判断能力。记叙文常以时间顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开；说明文常采用下定义、举例子、作比较等方法进行说明。 [2024湖北]So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. the ancient stories, space scientists  get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：Which is the right structure of the passage?（ ） （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ...） A. B. C. D. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段的关键信息。 Para. 1 科学家在给卫星和飞船命名时受到了古代故事和古代著名人物的启发。 Para. 2 使用《嫦娥奔月》的故事命名。 Para. 3 使用《夸父逐日》的故事命名。 Para. 4 使用墨子的名字命名。 Para. 5 我们可以看出传统文化有多么伟大及其对现代科技的影响。 Step 2 划分段落结构（可借助表示逻辑关系的词）。 第1段总述，2、3、4段举例，第5段总结全文。 Step 3 对比选项。 A选项正确，符合“总—分—总”结构。 随堂训练 （1） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）Chinese tea culture is an important part of the country’s long-time traditions. It has a history of thousands of years. The heart of tea culture is the tea ceremony (茶道). It’s not just about drinking tea, but also about enjoying the art and the ideas behind it. The Classic of Tea, written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, is considered as the world’s first book on tea culture. It has greatly influenced the development of the tea ceremony. The Gongfu tea ceremony comes from Guangdong and Fujian provinces. It’s especially well-known for the very careful way of making and serving tea. Every movement is done with great care. The process (过程) has several steps. First, heat up the teapot and cups. Then, put tea leaves into the teapot. Next, pour hot water. Finally, serve the tea. Each step must be done carefully, paying attention to every small detail. ________ People believe it can help calm their minds and make them feel closer to nature and others. The nice-looking tea sets, the sound of water being poured, and the lovely smell of the tea all bring a full and great feeling to our senses. It reminds us that it’s important to take time to enjoy the simple and good things in life. 1．What’s the Gongfu tea ceremony famous for? A．The colorful tea sets used in the ceremony. B．The four main steps in the process of making tea. C．The careful way of making and serving tea. D．The use of special tea leaves only found in Fujian. 2．Which of the following can be put in the ________? A．The tea ceremony helps people find peace in their hearts. B．The tea ceremony is a way to show tea-making skills. C．The tea ceremony is simply about how to drink tea. D．The tea ceremony is mostly about talking with friends. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．The Role of Chinese Tea B．The Importance of Tea Sets C．The Development of Tea D．The Chinese Tea Ceremony. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国茶文化，特别是茶道的相关内容，包括茶道的历史、茶道中的功夫茶以及茶道对人们心灵的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Gongfu tea ceremony comes from Guangdong and Fujian provinces. It’s especially well-known for the very careful way of making and serving tea.”可知，功夫茶以其非常细致的泡茶和奉茶方式而闻名。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“People believe it can help calm their minds and make them feel closer to nature and others.”可知，人们认为茶道有助于平静心灵，使他们感觉更接近自然和他人。A选项“茶道帮助人们找到内心的平静”与后文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“The heart of tea culture is the tea ceremony (茶道).”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国茶道的相关内容，包括茶道的历史、功夫茶以及茶道对人们的影响。因此，D选项“中国茶道”最适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 （2） （25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）How did you sleep last night? Like most people, you would choose your favorite position at bedtime. But during your sleep, you likely changed to different positions. If you wonder whether there’s a best way to sleep, you’re not alone. There’s plenty of information online about how to sleep. But according to some sleep scientists, we’d better not try to control our sleep position. “Sometimes there’s more harm than good in trying to control your sleep position,” says Raman Malhotra, an American scientist. Joseph De Koninck, an expert from Canada, has wondered how people really sleep at night. He created a way to photograph sleep positions without waking up a patient. After the study, he found one thing: The position you take at the beginning of sleep is not necessarily the one you use through the night. Once you go to sleep, your body is in charge of its position and decides the position. Malhotra agrees. “There are positions that are more comfortable for some patients,” he says. For example, a pain in your left leg might cause you to sleep mostly on your right side. But it can be hard to train people to avoid certain positions during their sleep. Instead of worrying about something that’s hard to control, Malhotra says it’s worth asking yourself how you feel when you wake up. If you’re well-rested, you don’t need to worry about sleep positions. So next time you go to sleep, close your eyes, relax, and let nature take its course. 1．What did De Koninck do to know how people really sleep at night? A．He watched many videos about sleep positions. B．He took photos of patients’ sleep positions. C．He made an online survey among his patients. D．He searched for information online. 2．What does the underlined word “charge” probably mean? A．fear B．danger C．need D．control 3．According to Malhotra, how may a man sleep at night if his right leg gets hurt? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To ask us to use different sleep positions. B．To ask us to find the best sleep position. C．To tell us not to care too much about sleep positions. D．To tell us not to worry about our feelings when waking up. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠科学家的研究发现，指出人们不必刻意控制自己的睡眠姿势，身体会自然调节，主旨是告诉我们无需过度在意睡眠姿势，顺其自然即可。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“He created a way to photograph sleep positions without waking up a patient.”可知，De Koninck通过拍摄患者睡眠时的姿势来了解人们真实的睡眠情况。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Once you go to sleep, your body is in charge of its position and decides the position.”可知，一旦入睡，你的身体会掌控自己的姿势并决定姿势，短语“in charge of”意为“掌控、负责”，因此“charge”的含义与“control”控制相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“For example, a pain in your left leg might cause you to sleep mostly on your right side.”可知，例如，左腿疼痛可能会让你主要朝右侧睡可推断，右腿疼痛时，身体会偏向左侧睡以避免压迫伤处。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章开头指出不必刻意控制睡眠姿势，中间引用科学家观点说明身体会自然调节，最后建议“close your eyes, relax, and let nature take its course”，核心目的是告诉我们不要过度在意睡眠姿势。故选C （3） （25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期末）Fan Zhongyan, from the Song Dynasty, was always hard-working, although he faced many ups and downs in his lifetime. One of his best sayings was, “Worry about the world before the world worries, and rejoice (深感欣喜) with the world after the world rejoices.” It means ________ He often gave away his money to help others, even if it meant his family sometimes had to go through hard times. Fan was born in 989. Sadly, his father passed away when Fan was a baby. This sudden change turned his life upside down. His mother and he had to move to another village. Near the village, there was a tall mountain. Halfway up this mountain was a lovely temple. In a forest, the temple was a peaceful location for thinking and learning, and it became a perfect place for people to study. At about eleven or twelve, Fan went to the temple and borrowed a room to study. He spent most of his time there, studying day and night. During the cold winter months, when he was sleepy, he splashed (朝……上泼) his face with cold water to stay awake and then kept reading. He ate two meals a day, and his meals were simple—just porridge and pickles (腌菜). This life continued for three long years, but Fan never gave up. He put his heart into his studies, and over time, he became a famous writer in Chinese history. 1．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 1. A．he rejoiced when he had money. B．he worried about his family first. C．he thought of himself in hard times. D．he cared about others more than himself. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The temple. B．The mountain. C．The village. D．The forest. 3．Why did Fan Zhongyan splash cold water on his face? A．To cool down in summer. B．To wash his face after eating. C．To play a game with his friends. D．To stay awake and keep studying. 4．What can we learn from Fan Zhongyan’s life? A．Temple life is perfect. B．Hard work leads to success. C．A writer faces ups and downs. D．We should care about ourselves. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了北宋政治家、文学家范仲淹的生平事迹，包括他刻苦求学、心系天下的品格以及“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的名言。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“Worry about the world before the world worries, and rejoice with the world after the world rejoices”可知，范仲淹的名言“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”体现了他优先关心他人而非自己。选项D“他关心他人胜过自己”符合语境。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段“In a forest, the temple was a peaceful location for thinking and learning, and it became a perfect place for people to study.”可知，在森林之中，这座寺庙是一个宁静的思考与学习之所，它成为了人们进行学习的绝佳场所。“it”指代前文提到的“这座寺庙”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“when he was sleepy, he splashed his face with cold water to stay awake and then kept reading”可知，范仲淹用冷水泼了自己一脸，以保持清醒，然后继续阅读。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过范仲淹刻苦求学、心系天下的事迹，说明“勤奋努力终会成功”的道理。选项B“努力工作会带来成功”最贴合主旨。故选B。 （4） （24-25九年级上·福建福州·期末）In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍Small Robot公司生产的三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要是关于它们的不同功能和各自的不同工作任务。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a field...three little robots...to find and kill grass...in the soil”可知，这三个机器人在农田工作，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy.”可知，Dick要用工具喷洒化学品，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%.”及后文的具体解释，可知本段主要讲的是农业机器人带来的好处。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段和第六段是开头结尾，中间第二、三、四段各介绍一款机器人，这三段是并列关系，第五段是关于这三款机器人带来的好处。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。本文是关于三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要介绍它们具体的工作方式、任务及优势，标题应该是与农业机器人在当下农业的应用及改变有关，与B选项主题符合。故选B。 （5） （25-26九年级上·湖北宜昌·期末）①You can’t see them with your eyes, but they are everywhere in our world—microorganisms (微生物). They live in the air we breathe, the soil under our feet, and even the food on our plates. Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers. ②Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods. For example, the delicious yogurt you often have for breakfast is produced with special bacteria (细菌). These bacteria turn milk into thick yogurt that’s good for our health. Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms. They not only keep the vegetables fresh for a long time but also add a special sour taste that makes the dish more delicious. ③Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong. ④What’s more, they help us make medicine and even clean polluted water. For example, some microorganisms can make things that kill bad bacteria in our bodies. They are used to make medicine that treats illnesses like a sore throat. Also, microorganisms can break down the harmful things in dirty water and turn it into clean water that is safe for people and animals. This makes our environment much healthier and cleaner. ⑤Next time you see a yogurt cup or a forest floor covered with leaves, remember: there’s a hidden world of something tiny working hard. 1．What can we learn about microorganisms in the first paragraph? A．They’re not living things. B．They only live in the soil. C．They are tiny but helpful. D．They can be seen with eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Many families B．Pickled vegetables C．Microorganisms D．Special dishes 3．How do microorganisms help us? ①make delicious food    ②prevent colds    ③make medicine ④make the soil rich    ⑤cause food sickness A．①③④ B．①②⑤ C．②③④ D．③④⑤ 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how microorganisms work. B．To advise people to use microorganisms. C．To introduce good uses of microorganisms. D．To tell the differences between microorganisms. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文旨在纠正人们对微生物的普遍误解，并重点介绍它们在食品、环境、医药等多个领域中的有益用途。 1．细节理解题。根据“Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers.”可知，微生物虽然很小，但很有用。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms.”可知，划线词“They”出现在介绍泡菜依靠微生物这句话后，说明They指代的是microorganisms。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods.”、“Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong.”和“What’s more, they help us make medicine, and even clean polluted water.”可知，微生物可以制作美食、分解落叶让土壤肥沃以及帮助制药。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。文章第①段总起，引入微生物并指出其大多有益的核心观点；②③④段并列分述，分别从制作食品、改善环境、制造药物与净水三个具体方面说明其用途；第⑤段总结，呼应开头，提醒读者记住这些微小生物的努力。因此，文章的结构为总—分—总，与选项B图示一致。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。作者在通篇主要纠正“微生物都有害”的误解，并详细列举了其在各领域的有益用途。故选C。 （6） （25-26九年级上·湖北襄阳·期末）These years, more e-waste recycling plans have been called for in China. What is E-Waste? E-waste is short for electronic waste, which refers to old technology that you are no longer using. It includes microwaves, computers, TVs, batteries (电池), screens, chargers, printer cartridges and even kitchen equipment. What is the Influence of E-Waste? According to the Global E-waste Monitor 2020, the world’s e-waste would reach 74.7 million tons by 2030. That’s almost a doubling of e-waste in just 16 years. This makes e-waste the world’s fastest-growing household waste. The report also found that only 17.4% of the world’s e-waste was collected and recycled in 2019. This meant that gold, silver, copper (铜) and other high-value materials were mostly burned or thrown instead of being reused. It was a waste of about 360 billion yuan. E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water. ▲ Technology companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, a Chinese company built a robot called Reuz to take mobile phones apart. It can take 200 mobile phones apart within an hour. Previously the phones were cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Reuse, valuable materials can be pulled out more easily. There are some steps we can all take to reduce our e-waste. Here are my top tips: • Instead of buying a new product, try to repair your old one first. • Search for recycling organizations and give away your old electronics to them. • Take out all the batteries because they need to be recycled separately. • Give much publicity (宣传) in your community to raise people’s awareness of e-waste recycling. 1．Mobile phone batteries can be found in the ______. A． B． C． D． 2．How does the writer introduce the influence of e-waste? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By using an example. 3．Which of the following is the best to fill in the ▲ ? A．What Can We Do to Reduce It? B．Where Are Mobile Phones Taken Apart? C．What Problems Can E-Waste Bring Us? D．Who Are Ready to Solve the Problem? 4．What can we infer from the writer’s tips about e-waste recycling? A．Batteries can be recycled together with other old electronics. B．Raising public awareness is helpful for e-waste recycling. C．Repairing electronics is the most effective way to reduce e-waste. D．Donating old electronics is the only way to deal with e-waste. 5．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the history of electronic products development. B．To warn readers about the dangers of using electronic devices. C．To call on people to pay attention to e-waste and its recycling. D．To teach readers how to repair old electronic products by themselves. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是电子垃圾，电子垃圾的影响以及如何减少电子垃圾。 1．细节理解题。根据“E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water.”可知，手机电池属于有害垃圾，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to the Global E-waste Monitor 2020, the world’s e-waste would reach 74.7 million tons by 2030.”；“It was a waste of about 360 billion yuan.”以及“For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water.”可知，作者通过列举数据的方式来介绍电子垃圾的影响，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Technology companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem.；There are some steps we can all take to reduce our e-waste. Here are my top tips:”可知，此处介绍的是减少电子垃圾的方法，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Give much publicity (宣传) in your community to raise people’s awareness of e-waste recycling.”可推知，提高公众意识有助于电子垃圾回收。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“These years, more e-waste recycling plans have been called for in China.”可知，本文是呼吁人们关注电子垃圾及其回收利用。故选C。 （7） （2025·山东济南·三模）The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important role in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters remain today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and other have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, “rat” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to the general population, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How does the writer introduced the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ______. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 3．Which Chinese character used the underlined (下划线的) method in paragraph 5? A．明 B．弯 C．亦 D．桐 4．What can we learn about Chinese characters from the passage? A．They have turned easier than before. B．They’ve been accepted by more people nowadays. C．They kept the same like other ancient symbols. D．They are formed by bringing alphabets and characters apart. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the history of Chinese characters’ development. B．To describe the importance of Chinese characters. C．To compare the differences between English words and Chinese characters. D．To tell the reasons why most people like Chinese characters today. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉字的发展历史、特点以及简化过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.”以及“For example, ‘rat’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square.”可知，作者通过举例说明汉字的形成方式。故选A。 2．推理判断题。题干句子的含义是“并非所有汉字都源于物体图画”，根据第四段中的“Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.…”可知，本段讨论通过组合多个字符表达抽象概念的汉字，所以此处与题干句逻辑衔接紧密。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。“Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.”的含义是“因此，人们发明了一种方法，让汉字的一部分表示意思，另一部分表示发音”，即一部分表意，一部分表音，D项符合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters…increase literacy…And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.”可推知，简化汉字提升了普及率，被更多人接受。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了汉字的发展历史、特点以及简化过程，A项符合。故选A。 （8） （2025·江西萍乡·模拟预测）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂；蜜蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent those from happening within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will invite birds to kill the insects. C．They will send the insects to another plant. D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 2．How are the wood wide web linked by fungi? A．By making noises with their roots. B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. C．By sharing food and information with each other. D．By spreading chemicals to each other. 3．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The bad effects of the wood wide web. B．The information and food shared among plants. C．The natural growth processes of the fungi. D．The roots that link the plants together. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret Language of Plants. B．The Wood Wide Web of Plants. C．The Plants that Give Warnings. D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了现代研究发现植物之间存在交流现象。植物可以通过释放化学物质、发出声音以及借助“树木网络”进行交流，科学家希望进一步了解这些交流方式，以便更好地利用或控制其效果。 1．细节理解题。根据“When a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help”可知，植物被昆虫攻击时，会释放化学物质作为警告或求救信号。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. It links the roots of different plants to each other.”可知，“树木网络”通过真菌将不同植物的根相互连接起来。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants.”可知，those指代的是前面提到的“树木网络”带来的不良影响。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。通读原文可知，文章第一段提出植物会交流这一主题，第二、三、四段分别介绍植物通过化学物质、声音、“树木网络”交流，最后一段总结科学家在研究植物交流方式，整体是总分总的结构。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，文章围绕植物之间的交流方式展开，介绍了植物通过化学物质、声音以及“树木网络”等方式进行交流，这些都是植物交流的“秘密语言”。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $