板块1 专题1 文体篇 文体3 说明文-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用word）

文体三　说明文 [2025·新高考全国卷ⅠD篇] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)：boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science &Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【第一步】 寻找高频词，了解文章大意 通读文章，寻找高频词(microplastics)，可得出文章大意。文章围绕 “微塑料污染” 展开，核心内容是 “如何通过煮沸和过滤减少水中微塑料”，并涉及该方法的关键因素、现实背景及相关建议。 【第二步】 拆解结构，厘清文章逻辑 【第三步】 审题定位，按题型解题 32题根据题干关键词the first paragraph定位至第一段。根据第一段中的“they have settled in...appearing inside humans”可知，第一段说明了微塑料存在的不同位置：深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩、海鸟的胃、南极的雪甚至人体内，这些都是具体的例子(examples)。故选C。 33题根据题干关键词trapping microplastics可定位至第三段。根据第三段第一句可知，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料。下文补充说将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬质水(hard water)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近90%，但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响捕获微塑料效果的关键因素。故选A。 34题根据题干关键词 paragraph 4可定位至第四段。第四段首先指出“减少微塑料接触越来越难”，接着用瓶装水案例(其微塑料含量比之前预期的高10～1 000倍)佐证问题的严峻性，由此可推知，作者提及瓶装水旨在强调微塑料污染问题的严重性。故选B。 35题根据题干关键词Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion可定位至最后一段。最后一段中Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay提到，通过煮沸水去除微塑料的方法非常好，随后提到“We should be...remove microplastics.”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay建议升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料，这是这项发现的潜在应用，是将研究发现用于解决实际问题。故选D。 【第四步】 验证答案，贴合文章逻辑 解完题后，检查答案是否符合文本逻辑(如例子是否支撑论点，细节是否匹配条件)，避免主观判断。 A (2025·杭州质检)Plastic and cheap clothes are not a glorious legacy (遗产). But a scientist exploring which items from our technological civilisation are most likely to survive for many millions of years as fossils (化石) has reached an ironic and instructive conclusion: Plastic and fast fashion will be our everlasting geological signature. “Plastic will definitely be a signature ‘technofossil’， because it is incredibly durable. We are making massive amounts of it, and it gets around the entire globe，” says Sarah Gabbott, a University of Leicester expert on fossils.“So wherever those future civilisations dig, they are going to find plastic.” Clothes will also make an abrupt entry into humanity's fossil record. Today, the world's growing population often wears mass-produced synthetic (合成的) clothing that is rapidly dumped and it is not as easily rotted as cotton and silk. “We are making it in ridiculous amounts，” says Gabbott.“We stick it into landfills, which are like giant mummification tombs. It is already clear that much of modern fashion will end up being truly timeless.” Fossils are not just objects left behind, but also the traces of life's activity written into the rocks. Human activities, such as oil drilling and nuclear tests, will leave lasting scars. Humankind has also created many near-indestructible chemicals, such as dioxins and DDT. Given that similar molecules produced by bacteria have been found in rocks that are 1，600m years old in Western Australia, these chemicals appear to be here to stay. “And there is the graphite (石墨) used in pencils，” says Gabbott.“It is endearing to think that it may be the drawings of children that may survive best of all: a pencil portrait, perhaps, of a family outside a house, with the sun shining and a rainbow arcing across the sky，” she says jokingly. “The big message here is that the amount of stuff we are now making is eye-watering—it's off the scale，” says Gabbott. All of the stuff made by humans by 1950 was a small part of all the matter on Earth. But today it outweighs all plants and animals. “This raises serious questions for us all，” she says. “Do you need that? Do you really need to buy more？” 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了塑料和快时尚等人类大量制造且耐用的物品将成为人类在地质历史上永恒的标志， 这引发了人们对消费行为的思考。 1．What does the author think of the legacy mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Troubling. B．Short-lived. C．Technologically weak. D．Environmentally harmless. A　解析：观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Plastic and cheap clothes are not a glorious legacy.”以及“reached an ironic and...geological signature”可推知，作者觉得这些遗产是令人担忧的。 2．What can be categorized as technofossils? A．Dinosaur bones. B．Cotton clothing. C．Nuclear waste. D．Solid landfills. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Plastic will definitely...incredibly durable.”以及第五段中的“Human activities...will leave lasting scars.”可知，技术化石是人类技术产生的且能长久留存的物质，核废料是人类核活动产生且难以消失的，可归类为技术化石。 3．Why is “the drawings of children” mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To highlight human creativity. B．To celebrate modern technology. C．To stress that warmth of life is here to stay. D．To indicate that chemicals could be fossilized. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，该段提到人类制造了许多几乎不可摧毁的化学物质，即这些化学物质能长久留存， 接着以儿童绘画为例说了铅笔中的石墨的长久留存。由此可推知，提到儿童绘画是为了表明像石墨这样的化学物质可以被石化，被留存很久。 4．What is Gabbott's primary concern? A．Biodiversity loss. B．Geological record accuracy. C．Technological progress. D．Overproduction of material goods. D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中伽波特说的话可推知，她主要关心的是物质产品的过度生产。 B (2025·石家庄毕业班质检)King Shahryar, betrayed (背叛) by his wife, decides to marry a new woman each night and have her killed by morning to ensure he is never betrayed again. Scheherazade volunteers to marry the king. Each evening, she begins an engaging story but stops at dawn, leaving him eager for more. Night after night, she keeps him attracted with new tales, and over 1，001 nights, the king falls in love with her and abandons his cruel ways. This ancient tale from One Thousand and One Nights highlights storytelling's impact. Our recent research shows that strong storytelling skills can dramatically improve someone's well-being. At its core, storytelling helps people find meaning from life's chaos. Studies show we shape our identities by turning experiences into personal stories. Skilled storytellers excel at two key skills: They need to connect events logically and they must learn to see the world through the eyes of their characters, understanding the “why” of what drives people. Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”． To illustrate this point, we conducted studies with 800 participants. We measured storytelling ability through self-reports, friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words. In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills, we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity. Personality also mattered: People open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories, while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life. Storytelling also builds social connections. By helping people express their purpose and build relationships, stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops, now popular globally, may do more than teach communication—they could help participants redefine their life's direction. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感，帮助人们从生活的混乱中找到意义，并建立社交联系。 5．Why does the author mention Scheherazade's stories in the first paragraph? A．To show Scheherazade's cleverness. B．To entertain readers with a classic tale. C．To introduce the topic of storytelling. D．To compare ancient and modern stories. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容，以及第二段中的“This ancient tale...storytelling's impact.”可推知， 作者在第一段提到舍赫拉查德的故事是为了引出“讲故事”这个话题。 6．What were participants asked to do in the lab experiment? A．Share personal interests in a group. B．Tell a story with words provided. C．Reflect on the “why” behind their actions. D．Connect events into a meaningful story. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “We measured storytelling ability... the other with three given random words.”可知， 在实验室实验中，参与者被要求用给定的单词讲一个故事。 7．What does the “why” mindset primarily focus on? A．Completing daily tasks efficiently. B．Avoiding stressful situations. C．Memorizing random life events. D．Understanding life's purpose. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Skilled storytellers...over just the ‘how’．”以及第五段中的“Results consistently...goal clarity.”可推知，“为什么”思维模式主要关注理解行动背后的原因，即生活的意义和目标。 8．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Scheherazade's Survival in an Ancient Tale B．How People's Storytelling Abilities Develop C．Living a Meaningful Life Through Storytelling D．Why Shy People Attend Storytelling Workshops C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章以舍赫拉查德的故事开篇，重点讨论了讲故事如何帮助人们找到生活的意义，提升人们的幸福感。C项最适合作文章标题。 A篇 [障碍词]glorious adj.值得称道的；光荣的，荣耀的　reach a conclusion得出结论　ironic adj.讽刺的；奇怪的；好笑的　instructive adj.富有教益的　incredibly adv.令人难以置信；极其　durable adj.耐用的；持久的　abrupt adj.突然的；意外的　dump v．丢弃，扔掉；倾倒　ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的　end up到头来；最后成为　scar n．伤疤，伤痕　endearing adj.令人爱慕的，惹人喜爱的　stuff n．东西，物品　outweigh v．重于；大于；超过 B篇 [障碍词]highlight v．突出，强调　dramatically adv.显著地，急剧地；戏剧性地　well-being n．舒适；健康；幸福　chaos n．混乱，无序状态　identity n．身份；(区别人或群体的)特性　logically adv.合乎逻辑地　pursue v．追求；继续进行　mindset n．观念模式，思维倾向　prioritize v．优先处理　evaluation n．评估，评价　random adj.随意的，随机的　consistently adv.一致地　clarity n．清楚，清晰；明确　personality n．个性，性格　balance out抵消，相抵　redefine v．重新定义；使重新考虑 长难句 分析 [A篇]But a scientist exploring which items from our technological civilisation are most likely to survive for many millions of years as fossils has reached an ironic and instructive conclusion: Plastic and fast fashion will be our everlasting geological signature. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中“exploring...fossils”为现在分词短语作后置定语，其中which引导宾语从句；“Plastic...signature”为同位语从句。 [译文]　但是，一位探究我们科技文明中的哪些物品最有可能作为化石留存数百万年的科学家，得出了一个既具讽刺意味又富有教益的结论：塑料和快时尚将成为我们永恒的地质标志。 [B篇]Applying these two skills to their own lives, skillful storytellers use the first to identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the second develops a mindset that prioritizes the “why” behind their actions over just the “how”． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中“Applying...lives”为现在分词短语作状语；what引导宾语从句；while连接两个并列句，表示对比；that引导定语从句，修饰mindset。 [译文]　将这两项技能运用到他们自己的生活时，熟练的讲故事者利用第一项技能去识别并追寻那些赋予他们生活意义的事物，而第二项技能则培养出一种思维模式，这种模式优先处理他们行动背后的“为什么”，而不仅仅是“如何做”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $