板块1 专题1 技法突破 第1讲 破解阅读障碍词-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用word）

第一讲　破解阅读障碍词 一、障碍词之专有名词 在阅读过程中，尤其是涉及新闻报道、社会调查或科普知识的文章时，学生经常会遇到专有名词。这些词通常以大写字母开头，或者是一系列的斜体单词。学生可能会对这种词的具体含义感到困惑，进而影响阅读流畅性和对内容的理解。对于这种情况，学生只需判断生词是哪类事物后即可快速略过，比如人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种、机构组织、自然面貌或现象、活动项目等，无需弄清楚其具体含义，这些单词一般不会影响学生对文章大意的理解。 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅠD篇) Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types— polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 上文明确提到研究未涵盖所有类型的塑料，团队仅聚焦三种常见类型，随后用破折号引出polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene，显然这三个词是对 three common types的具体举例。再通过chemicals可判定这三个词为“常见化学材料”就可以了，不必知道其具体含义。 二、障碍词之熟词生义 高考语篇中生词的数量是有限制的，但是高考对课标词汇的生义考查是没有限制的。因此，试题中有时会出现一些熟悉的单词，但其含义却是学生较为陌生的。有些单词的生义与熟义相近，学生根据单词的熟义和语境很容易就能推测出其生义，但有些单词的生义与熟义大相径庭，需要学生结合语境确定其含义。 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅡD篇) It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead，all the ingredients (配料)used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. 该段中的“reject”常作动词，常用义为“拒绝”。在该语境中，结合上文提到的“这些食材是大多数餐厅不会考虑使用的肉类和农产品”，再看本句中与rejected sweet potatoes并列的kale ribs、fish collars、cucumber butts, 这些食材最终都被重新利用，在多位优秀厨师的帮助下变成了精致美食。这说明它们原本处于“未被使用，即将被丢弃”的状态。结合reject的本义可推知，此处表示“废弃，淘汰”。 (2024·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇)When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 该段中的“print”常作动词，常用义为“打印，印刷”。在该语境中，根据上文提到的“在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功，大量的研究证实了这一发现”，接着提到“print reading”的好处，由此可知，这里应该说的是纸质阅读，结合print的本义可推知，此处print为名词，表示“印刷品”。 三、障碍词之长难词 在高考试题中经常出现一些复杂的长单词，这些单词往往是由课标词汇派生、合成而来的，它们常常在阅读理解中给学生带来困难。因此，学生在熟练掌握课标词汇的同时，还需要学习并掌握构词法的相关知识。了解构词法对于学生来说至关重要，它能够帮助学生准确地推断出生词的含义，从而提高阅读效率。 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇)Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长 )to champion“New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 学生对express和way都比较熟悉，但两个熟词放在一起就很难得知其含义。此时可利用构词法猜测其含义，expressway是由“express (adj.高速的)”＋“way(n.道路)”构成，再结合上下文可推知，该词在此表示“高速公路”。 四、障碍词之生僻词 如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生词或生僻短语，学生可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义，常见的方法有：利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义；借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义；通过因果、转折关系猜测词义；根据所举的例子反推词义等。 【经典感悟】 【典例分析】 (2025·新高考全国卷ⅠC篇)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children. 句中While表明前后的内容是让步关系。前半句说街道安全提升，本应行人更愿意出门、更频繁移动，但后半句说研究表明行人的 mobility 却下降，由此可推知，mobility意为“流动性，移动性”。 写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义 1．(2025·新高考全国卷ⅠB篇)In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.adj.现代的，当代的；n.心碎，极度悲伤 2．(2025·新高考全国卷ⅠB篇)I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However，my students demonstrated something more important to me. v.展示，呈现 3．(2025·新高考全国卷ⅡB篇)Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. n．伤害，危害 4．(2025·新高考全国卷ⅡC篇)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，she didn't have high hopes for it. n.室内盆栽植物 5．(2025·新高考全国卷ⅠA篇)Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.v.使电气化 6．(2025·浙江卷1月C篇)In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.v.抑制，阻止 7．(2025·浙江卷1月B篇)“Feeding is a long game，”says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don't eat it，they're seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.”v.突然明白，豁然开朗 8．(2024·新高考全国卷ⅠD篇)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable?n.观察；v.(数量上)比……多；adj.观察的，观测的；adj.可用的，适用的 9．(2024·新高考全国卷ⅠD篇)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.v.记录 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $