专题1 专题强化训练13 词句猜测题——代词指代题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语（教用word）

专题强化训练13　词句猜测题——代词指代题 A (2025·湖北部分高中协作体下学期期中)Recently I bought a book about signposts. Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking. Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death. One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria. Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft (碑文). There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries. It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built. This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town. Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further. Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments. “How times change！” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed. “I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us.” “Yet they aren't perfect. Whenever I go out, I prefer a map. I never have to worry about running out of battery.” “I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route，” she added, “I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome.” Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn't easy to know if we've chosen the best one. Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them—either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. After all, we'd be lost without them! 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中了解到关于路标的知识的故事。 1．What does the underlined word “these” in the first paragraph refer to? A.Signposts.　　　　 B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters. A　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Recently I bought a book...whether you happen to be lost！”及画线词所在句可知，画线词these指代上文中的“signposts”，即古代旅行者会对路标心存感激。 2．What contributed to the initial spread of signposts? A．The market trade. B．The act passed in 1697. C．The discovery of the sandstone. D．The appearance of the Royal Mail. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built.”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。 3．What does Lucy think of signposts? A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I'm always grateful...is always welcome.”可推知，露西认为路标是有帮助的。 4．What does the author learn from signposts? A．To choose right tracks. B．To live a colorful life. C．To have a grateful mind. D．To offer practical choices. C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Perhaps when it comes to gratitude...when we most need them”可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。 B (2025·厦门第二次质检)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating. But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧). Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world. For example, freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well, making the world quieter. And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight. One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months. “A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，” says Leibowitz, who has written a book about mental health in winter. “The brightening effect of the snow, I think, is really powerful.” Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them, Leibowitz says, pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings. “Things that you look at every day suddenly appear very different，” she says. In the right conditions, snow can be fascinating. But for certain people, the same weather can become the very opposite: annoying, exhausting or depressing. Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons, taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so. “It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，” she says. But as climate change continues to unfold, some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain. “There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white, snowy winter...and a gray, rainy winter，” Leibowitz says. “I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.” 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验，还建议人们适应季节变化，同时表达了对雪因气候变化而减少的担忧。 5．What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1? A．A reminder.　　　　 B．A surprise. C．A day. D．A snowball. C　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合其后定语从句“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，画线词指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。 6．How does snow change our experience of the world? A．By making musical sounds. B．By increasing the cold of winter. C．By exercising our sense of sight. D．By offering a new look of the world. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Snow quite literally changes our physical experience...in the darker months.”可知，雪通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。 7．What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters? A．Searching for visual cues. B．Ignoring negative emotions. C．Adjusting to seasonal changes. D．Cleaning unpleasant surroundings. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons...a helpful cue to do so.”可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Express concern for snow loss. B．Make predictions of climate change. C．Present reasons for increased rainfall. D．Summarize consequences of cold rain. A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But as climate change...but cold rain.”和“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.”可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。 C (2025·梅州模拟预测)Alarming levels of dangerous chemicals known as Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAS) were discovered in food packaging at a number of well-known fast-food restaurants and grocery store chains, a new report found. The report arrives amid a sustained shift toward takeout and grocery deliveries. Often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment, PFAS are used in food packaging to prevent grease (油脂) and water from soaking through food wrappers and cups. PFAS can also be found in the ink used to print logos and instructions on food containers. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls exposure to PFAS a “public health concern”， citing that the human-made chemicals can harm the immune system and reduce a person's resistance to infectious diseases. Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For instance, a new law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Compared to America, Denmark sets a much lower regulatory limit of 20 ppm with great success，” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the European Environment Agency. “It does work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission. In general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the temperature of the food rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier told NBS, one of the major American mass-media companies. In response to the issue, Whole Foods became the first grocery chain to publicly commit to remove PFAS from takeout containers and bakery paper. Many other companies followed suit. Experts say people who want to avoid PFAS in their takeout and food delivery packaging should favor companies that have promised to remove the chemicals. “As soon as you receive your takeout, you'd better take food out of the container immediately, and never reheat food in its original container. Instead, remove your food and heat it in ceramic (陶瓷的) or glass containers.” Trier said. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品包装中发现全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)，这已经成为一个备受关注的问题。 9．What can we learn about PFAS in food packaging? A．They have been used for a long time. B．They do little harm to consumers' health. C．They are used to break down the chemicals. D．They can make wrappers resistant to grease and water. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Often called ‘forever chemicals’．..through food wrappers and cups.”可知，食品包装中的PFAS可以使其耐油脂和水。 10．What is Xenia Trier's attitude to setting a lower limit of PFAS? A．Favorable. B．Neutral. C．Ambiguous. D．Opposed. A　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Compared to America...great success”可知，对于设定更低的PFAS下限，谢尼亚·特里尔持有支持态度。 11．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Considerable migration of grease and water. B．PFAS transmission from packaging to food. C．Wrapper exposure to high food temperature. D．Regulatory limits concerning food packaging. B　解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的“PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission.”可知，画线词it指代上文提及的“PFAS从包装纸转移到食品中”。 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Food packaging contains dangerous chemicals. B．Consumers are recommended to have PFAS-free products. C．PFAS found in food packaging has become a great concern. D.The government has taken measures to reduce PFAS exposure. C　解析：文章大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第一句以及第三段内容可知，文章介绍了在食品包装中发现的PFAS已成为一个备受关注的问题。 题源：http：//www.bjreview. com/ Camping is becoming a new weekend lifestyle for many Chinese people, stimulating rapid growth along the entire outdoor equipment industry chain. The boom of the camping economy has been underpinned (支撑) by profound changes in consumer demand, economic development and social psychology. The growing popularity of camping is part of a broader shift from material consumption to the consumption of experiences. Trends in camping are also reflecting the pursuit of increased quality in consumer behavior, with luxury camping being an obvious example thereof. In the past, camping just meant simply setting up a tent and using a sleeping bag. Now, however, modular tents, lightweight cookware, and even projectors and audio devices are making a night under the stars much more luxurious. The blossoming camping economy is attracting much investor attention. Dedicated campsites have been established in many places, such as recreational vehicle campsites, family campsites and picnic campsites. The influx (流入) of capital not only promotes expansion of the industry, but also accelerates market competition and innovation. In the meantime, the construction of campsites can stimulate the development of surrounding areas. Nearby restaurants, stores and scenic spots see considerable increases in foot traffic, and this creates a diversified consumption scenario (设想) combining camping with dining and entertainment. Of course, the rapid development of the camping economy is posing severe challenges to the natural environment, and problems such as garbage pollution and vegetation destruction must be addressed. Excessive development may also bring problems. For example, some campsites over-exploit natural resources and even damage the environment in order to attract tourists. Such short-sighted actions may pose threats to the sustainability of the camping economy. To solve these problems, many local governments have issued guidelines to promote green camping practices. The rise of the camping economy reflects changes not only in consumption trends, but also in people's lifestyles. But to make this boom a long-term trend, we need to strike a balance between meeting consumer demand and protecting the environment. Only in this way can the camping economy maintain sustainable and sound development and become an important force in advancing social progress. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了露营成为一种新周末生活方式，刺激户外设备产业链发展，但也面临环境挑战的问题，需平衡需求与环保。 1．What is one example of luxury camping equipment mentioned in the passage? A．A simple sleeping bag. B．A projector. C．A basic tent. D．A wooden stool. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “modular tents...much more luxurious”可知，投影仪是奢华露营装备。 2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3? A．The blossoming camping economy. B．The influx of capital into the camping industry. C．The considerable increases in foot traffic near campsites. D．The establishment of dedicated campsites. C　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Nearby restaurants, stores and scenic spots see considerable increases in foot traffic”可知，“this”是指上文提到的客流量增加这一现象。 3．What can be inferred about the impact of the camping economy on surrounding areas from the passage? A．It has no significant impact on local businesses. B．It only benefits large-scale corporations. C．It can boost the local economy by attracting more visitors. D．It leads to a decrease in the quality of life for local residents. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the meantime...with dining and entertainment.”可推知，露营经济的繁荣可以吸引更多游客，从而带动周边地区的经济发展。 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The camping economy is booming in China but facing environmental challenges. B．The camping economy is only a short-lived trend in China. C.The camping economy has no impact on the environment. D．The camping economy is mainly driven by luxury camping. A　解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了露营经济在中国的蓬勃发展，以及它所带来的经济效益，但同时也带来了环境挑战。 A篇 [高频词]ancient adj.古代的　settlement n．定居点　date from追溯到　come across 遇见　confusion n．困惑　enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的　run out of 用完　battery n．电池　a great many许多　gratitude n．感激　on the right track走上正轨　[障碍词]plough v. 耕地　exclaim v. 惊叫；大声喊叫　confirmation n. 证实，确认　reassurance n．肯定；保证　[熟词生义]act (常用义) v．行动 (文章义) n. 法案 B篇 [高频词]reminder n．提醒人的事物　joyful adj.快乐的，高兴的　appeal to吸引　struggle with与……斗争　reveal v．揭示，揭露　fascinating adj.迷人的　exhausting adj.使人疲惫不堪的　nothing but仅仅，只有　[障碍词]adaptively adv.适应性地 borderline n．分界线 　[熟词生义]literally (常用义) adv.字面上 (文章义) adv. 确实地 C篇 [高频词]delivery n．送货服务　cite v．引用，引述　resistance n. 抵抗力　infectious adj.传染性的　compared to与……相比　follow suit效仿　[障碍词]packaging n．包装材料，外包装　grocery n．食品杂货店　takeout n．外卖　soak v．浸湿　immune adj.有免疫力的　regulatory adj. 监管的　enforce v．强制执行　[熟词生义]chain (常用义) n．一系列 (文章义) n. 连锁店　work (常用义) n．工作 (文章义) v．起作用　migrate (常用义) v．迁徙 (文章义) v. 转移 外刊 [高频词]stimulate v．刺激　boom n．繁荣 　profound adj.深远的　luxury n．奢华；奢侈品　accelerate v．加速　foot traffic客流量，人流量　sustainability n．持续性　strike a balance达到平衡　[障碍词]modular adj.组合式的　recreational adj.娱乐的　vegetation n．植被　[熟词生义]capital (常用义) n．首都 (文章义) n. 资金　sound (常用义) n. 声音 (文章义) adj. 稳固的；合理的 长难句 分析 [A篇]Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them—either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track. [分析]　本句为复合句。“when it comes to...”意为“当谈及/涉及……”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those people；第二个when引导时间状语从句；“either...or...”为并列结构；两个that引导同位语从句。 [译文]　或许当谈及感恩时，我们也应感谢那些在我们最需要时出现在生命中的人——他们或是温柔提醒我们可能正走向错误的方向，或是让我们确信自己走在正确的道路上。 [B篇]There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white, snowy winter...and a gray, rainy winter. [分析]　本句是复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 places，其中where引导定语从句，先行词为borderline。 [译文]　世界上有很多地方正处于这样的临界状态，气温升高几度，就会使冬季从白雪皑皑变成阴雨绵绵。 [C篇]Experts say people who want to avoid PFAS in their takeout and food delivery packaging should favor companies that have promised to remove the chemicals. [分析]　本句是复合句。动词say后为省略连接词that的宾语从句，其中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词companies。 [译文]　专家表示，想在外卖和食品送货包装中避免全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的人群，应优先选择承诺去除此类化学物质的企业。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $