板块1 专题1 专题强化训练5 细节理解题-【备考最优解】2026版高考二轮专题复习·英语创新版（教用课件）

专题强化训练5　细节理解题 1 题源：https：//www.cell.com/Current-Biology 　　Some sea robins (鲂鮄), a group of fish with two winglike fins (鳍) and six crab-like legs, dig their legs into the sand and find buried prey using a taste-like sense developmental biologist David Kingsley and colleagues report in Current Biology. 专题强化训练 　　An ancient gene important for limb formation in humans and other animals, as well as a gene involved in building taste buds, helps a few sea robin species develop legs that taste. 　　The northern sea robin is skilled at finding buried crabs or shrimp to eat. Previous studies suggested that this sea robin's legs could pick up chemical cues. “New findings indicate that northern sea robin legs are sensory organs，” says Peihua Jiang, a neurobiologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia who was not involved in the work.“That's completely not what we typically see for how you detect or process taste information.” 专题强化训练 　　Close-up images of the legs revealed they are covered in small sensory mounds (小丘) called papillae, like the taste buds on the tongue. These papillae have many of the same receptors as in the fish's mouth, but the receptors are repurposed and arranged in a different way. 专题强化训练 　　The papillae also have touch-sensitive nerve cells and taste sensors that help sea robins figure out where to dig, genetic and physiological tests found. At the tip of each leg, the team detected high levels of activity from T1R3, a gene that provides instructions for making a receptor found in mammals' sweet-detecting taste buds. What's more, the ancient gene TBX3A, which drives limb development in people, chickens and other animals, is crucial for sea robin limb and papilla formation as well as driving the digging behavior. 专题强化训练 　　Most sea robin species have smooth legs that probably can't taste, the team found. That difference suggests that the northern sea robin and another digging relative, the leopard sea robin, are among a few species benefiting from an “evolutionary innovation，” says Stanford developmental biologist Amy Herbert. 　　Jiang wonders whether the papillae can sense bitter tastes that indicate something should be avoided. He also wants to know if the taste buds in sea robin mouths detect the same tastes that the legs do. Once the fish find food, “What's the next step？” 专题强化训练 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲂鮄的独特觅食机制及其背后的基因奥秘。 专题强化训练 1．What do we know about sea robins? A．They can distinguish sweet tastes from bitter tastes. B．A few of them have legs that can taste. C．They look strange and have legs that can taste. D．Some of their features come from ancient genes. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一、第二段内容可知，并非所有鲂鮄的腿部都有类似味觉的感官，只有几种鲂鮄拥有这样的特殊腿部构造。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 2．How do papillae function on the legs of some sea robins? A．They can be both taste-and touch-sensitive. B．They detect the same taste as the mouth does. C．They are influenced by both gene TBX3A and T1R3.　 D．They are structured differently from those in the mouth. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“These papillae have many... arranged in a different way.”及第五段中的“The papillae also have touch-sensitive nerve cells and taste sensors”可知，感官小丘既能感知味觉又能感知触觉。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 3．What role does the gene TBX3A play? A．It develops into taste buds. B．It creates sensory mounds. C．It detects chemical cues. D．It is key to limb and papilla development. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the ancient gene TBX3A．.. as well as driving the digging behavior”可知，基因TBX3A对鲂鮄的肢体以及感官小丘的形成起着至关重要的作用。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? A．To advocate the benefits of taste-sensitive legs. B．To show different ways to find food in the sea. C．To discuss genetic evolution in some sea robins. D．To explain how some sea robins use their legs to find food. 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了部分鲂鮄利用腿部类似味觉的感官寻找埋在地下的猎物这一现象，并对其腿部能尝味的构造、相关基因的作用等展开阐述。因此作者的目的是解释部分鲂鮄是如何利用腿部来寻找食物。 √ 4 2 3 1 专题强化训练 A 　　(2025·济南质检)Stanford University has announced a special distance-learning opportunity for outstanding high school and university students from China with the course titled “Design Thinking into Action：Adolescent Psychological and Physical Health”． 专题强化训练 　　Fall course dates 　　September 21 to November 23, 2025.(Final deadline to apply：August 31，2025.Early-bird deadline：June 1，2025.) Applications are considered on a rolling basis. 　　Tuition 　　$4，000 (Early-bird: $3，500). 10% off for two or more sign-ups. 专题强化训练 　　What to gain 　　Students who successfully complete the course will receive a Certificate of Completion from Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education，Stanford University. Students will also gain practical and academic skills. 　　•10 “virtual classes” online in real time on Saturday mornings at 9：00 Beijing time； 专题强化训练 　　•Pre-recorded，university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University； 　　•Real-time discussions led by guest lecturers to familiarize students with the dynamics of classroom participation in Stanford University； 　　•Short writing assignments to improve critical thinking skills. 专题强化训练 　　Requirements included 　　•Registration in grades 10，11，or 12 in a high school in China with outstanding academic experience, or in year 1 or 2 in a university in China； 　　•Ability to read, write, and discuss complex ideas in English； 　　•A complete application including a written personal statement，school report and availability for a virtual interview； 专题强化训练 　　•Use of a personal computer, camera, microphone，and reliable access to a broadband Internet connection. 　　Admission to this program is competitive; up to 30 outstanding students will be accepted. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学提供的远程学习。 专题强化训练 1．What is the payment for two early-bird applicants? A．$3，500. B．$4，000. C．$6，300. D．$7，000. 解析：数字计算题。根据Tuition部分中的内容可知，早期申请者的学费是每人3 500美元，两人或多人一起报名可以享受 10%的折扣。因此，两个早期申请者的总费用是3 500×2×(1－10%)＝6 300(美元)。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 专题强化训练 9 10 11 2．What does the course offer to students? A．Discussions with Stanford students. B．Professional instructions in writing. C．10 classes in the Standford campus. D．Some recorded lectures by experts. 解析：细节理解题。根据What to gain部分中的“Pre-recorded, university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University”可知，该课程提供预先录制的斯坦福大学一流学者的大学水平的讲座。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 3．What is a must for applicants? A．A good grasp of English. B．A recommendation letter. C．Experience in interviews. D．Completion of high school. 解析：细节理解题。根据Requirements included 部分中的“Ability to read, write, and discuss complex ideas in English”可知，申请者必须具备用英语阅读、写作和讨论复杂想法的能力。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 B 　　(2025·湖北高三起点考试)Bianca Mavrick's first attempt in the jewellery world was as an enterprising (有创业精神的) 10-year-old, selling seashell earrings at the Cleveland Markets. 专题强化训练 　　Now the 28-year-old has her own studio in Moorooka, in Brisbane's south, and her handmade designs enjoy worldwide popularity among fans. “It's amazing to be selling internationally. When you do a creative business, you're going to have to work hard and it will take a few years to get off the ground, but it's really growing fast now，”she says. 专题强化训练 　　Bianca opened her online store in 2014.Production happens in her studio, with help from one staff member and sometimes her grandma. “My grandma enjoys sitting with the girls. She acts as a kind of quality controller and helps with packing and putting bar codes (条形码) on things，” Bianca says. Bianca laughs as she recalls looking through her grandma's pile of costume jewellery as a child. “She had an amazing collection and I was allowed to have some of the broken pieces and fix them up to sell alongside the shell earrings on my stand，” she says. “Mum and Dad opened an account for me and put the profits away. Even then I knew I wanted to work with jewellery. All of my hobbies always related back to my jewellery. I'm always looking for inspiration, whether I'm visiting an art gallery or looking at furniture for my apartment.” 专题强化训练 　　Next month Bianca will join other talented Queensland artists and designers to show her creations at the MAYO Arts Festival, named after well-known Australian sculptor Daphne Mayo. “It's really exciting to be a part of it，” she says.“It will enable me to meet my clients, too, which is always great because having an online store I can't normally get to do that. My clients love the unique nature of my designs, as well as the fact that they are handmade, not mass-produced.” 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珠宝设计师比安卡·马弗里克创业成功的故事。 专题强化训练 4．What does Bianca think of her business? A．It had a terrible start. B．It is expanding rapidly. C．It leaves a lot to be desired. D．It aims at foreign clients. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中比安卡说的话“It's amazing to be selling...growing fast now”可知，比安卡认为她的生意正在迅速扩张。 √ 高中学力测评 历史 专题强化训练 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 9 10 11 5．What does Bianca's grandma do in her studio? A．She designs the bar codes. B．She acts as a spokeswoman. C．She monitors product quality. D．She helps with sales promotion. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She acts as a kind of ...putting bar codes on things”可知，比安卡的奶奶主要负责产品质量把关和帮助打包及贴条形码。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 6．What made Bianca devoted to jewellery? A．The childhood hobbies and collection. B．The family's influence and support. C．The handsome profits in the industry. D．The inspiration from her surroundings. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，比安卡的奶奶支持其事业，比安卡的父母为她开了一个账户，把赚到的钱存起来。由此可推知，比安卡的家人的影响和支持促使她致力于珠宝行业。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 7．Why is Bianca excited to attend the festival? A．Her unique designs are likely to become a hit. B．Many of her works will be created on the spot. C．The festival is to be held by a famous sculptor. D．She can communicate with her clients in person. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It will enable me to meet my clients... normally get to do that.”可知，参加艺术节可以让比安卡见到客户，这是一件很令人兴奋的事情，因为正常情况下，这是开网店做不到的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 C 　　(2025·南昌高三摸底)African elephants call each other and respond to individual names, something that few wild animals do, according to new research published recently. The names are one part of elephants' low rumbles (持续而低沉的声音) that they can hear over long distances across the savanna (热带草原).Scientists believe that animals with complex social structures and family groups that separate and then reunite often may be more likely to use individual names. 专题强化训练 　　It's extremely rare for wild animals to call each other by unique names. Humans have names, of course, and our dogs come when their names are called. Baby dolphins invent their own names, called signature whistles, and parrots may also use names. Each of these naming species also possesses the ability to learn to pronounce unique new sounds throughout their lives, a rare talent that elephants also possess. 专题强化训练 　　While dolphins and parrots have been observed addressing each other by imitating (模仿) the sound of others from their species, elephants are the first non-human animals known to use names that do not involve imitation, the researchers suggested. Elephants make a wide range of sounds, from loud calls to rumbles so low that they cannot be heard by the human ear. Names are not always used in the elephant calls. But when names are called out, it is often over a long distance, and when adults are addressing young elephants, adults are also more likely to use names than calves, suggesting it could take years to learn this particular talent. The most common call is “a harmonically rich, low-frequency sound”， according to the study in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution. 专题强化训练 　　When the researchers played a recording to an elephant of their friend or family member calling out their name, the animal responded positively and energetically, ears flapping and trunk lifted, to recordings that contained their names. Sometimes elephants entirely ignored calls addressed to others. 专题强化训练 　　“Elephants are incredibly social, always talking with and touching each other. This naming is probably one of the things that strengthens their ability to communicate with individuals，” said co-author and Colorado State University ecologist George Wittemyer, who is also a scientific adviser for nonprofit Save the Elephants. “We just cracked open the door a bit to the elephant mind.” 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲象能够用个体名字互相呼叫回应，这一现象在野生动物中是极其罕见的。 专题强化训练 8．What is African elephants' rare talent in paragraph 2? A．The reply to their names. B．The invention of their own names. C．The unique sounds to call others. D．The ability to hear faraway rumbles. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's extremely rare for wild animals to call each other by unique names.” 及“Each of these naming species also possesses... elephants also possess.”可知，野生动物用独特的名字来称呼彼此是极其罕见的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 9．What do we know about elephant calls? A．They can be learned through time. B．They are seldom used to call names. C．They are imitated from other species. D．They can hardly be heard by humans. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“when names are called out... suggesting it could take years to learn this particular talent”可知，大象的这种叫声是可通过长时间学习获得的。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 10．How did the elephants react to recordings containing their names? A．They addressed others. B．They ignored the sound. C．They touched each other. D．They moved their body parts. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the animal responded positively and energetically...contained their names”可知，大象听到包含自己名字的录音时会通过移动身体部位来回应。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 10 11 11．What do George's words imply in the last paragraph? A．Naming makes elephants socially active. B．Elephants' minds deserve further exploration. C．Interaction between elephants develops better. D．Operations on elephants' brains need to be done. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We just cracked open the door a bit to the elephant mind.”可推知，乔治认为，关于大象的思维他们需要进行进一步的探讨。 √ 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 1 专题强化训练 9 11 10 外 刊 [高频词]colleague n．同事　reveal v．揭示　at the tip of在……的末端　detect v．探测　[障碍词]prey n．猎物　gene n．基因　cue n．信号　receptor n．感受器，受体　repurpose v．略微改动　genetic adj.基因的　[熟词生义] drive(常用义)v.驾驶 (文章义)v.激励，促进，推进；驱动，推动 专题强化训练 A 篇 [高频词]outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的，出色的　tuition n．学费　academic adj.学术的，学业的，教学的　virtual adj.虚拟的 familiarize v．使了解，使熟悉　assignment n．(分派的)工作，任务　critical adj.批判的　registration n．登记，注册　availability n．可用性　reliable adj.可依赖的，可靠的　admission n．录取，录用　competitive adj.竞争的，有竞争力的 [障碍词]broadband n．宽带 专题强化训练 B篇 [高频词]handmade adj.手工做的　popularity n．受欢迎，普及，流行　get off the ground (使)顺利开始，开始发生　recall v．回忆起　collection n．收集物，收藏品　put sth. away存 (钱)　profit n．利润，收益　inspiration n．灵感，激励人的事物　client n．客户　[熟词生义]stand(常用义)v.站立；容忍 (文章义)n.货摊，售货亭 专题强化训练 C篇 [高频词]respond to回应，回答　complex adj.复杂的　possess v．拥有　involve v．包含，牵涉　incredibly adv.令人难以置信地；极其　[障碍词]reunite v．(使)重逢，再次相聚；(使)再结合　low-frequency adj.低频的　energetically adv.精力充沛地　crack open敲开，打开[熟词生义]address(常用义)n.地址 (文章义)v.称呼 专题强化训练 长难句分析 [C篇]When the researchers played a recording to an elephant of their friend or family member calling out their name, the animal responded positively and energetically, ears flapping and trunk lifted, to recordings that contained their names. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句；“ears flapping and trunk lifted”为独立主格结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词recordings。 [译文]　当研究人员给大象播放一段他们的朋友或家人喊他们名字的录音时，大象对包含他们名字的录音做出了积极而充满活力的反应，表现为拍打耳朵、扬起鼻子。 专题强化训练 $