Unit6语法专项课件-现在完成时vs一般过去时2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

教学课件 沪教（牛津）英语八年级上册 Unit 6 语法专项—— 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.掌握一般过去时的定义、结构与用法。 2.巩固现在完成时的两种核心用法。 3.能根据时间状语快速判断正确时态。 4.理解for/since在两种时态中的不同含义。 5.熟练进行两种时态的句型转换。 6.能在语境中正确选用时态。 一般过去时—核心定义 一般过去时描述过去发生且已经结束的动作。 只强调动作本身，与现在没有任何联系。 动作发生在过去，结果也停留在过去。 常搭配明确的过去时间状语。 例句：They left a wooden horse near the city. 一般过去时—句子结构 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形…? 动词过去式有规则与不规则变化，需牢记。 例句：He went to the library yesterday. 例句：Did you see the film last week? 一般过去时—时间标志词（必背） 看到以下词，优先用一般过去时： yesterday, last week/year, …ago just now, in 2010, at that time, in the past 这些词表示动作已结束。 例句：I met her three days ago. 现在完成时—核心定义 现在完成时连接过去与现在。 用法1：过去动作对现在造成影响或结果。 用法2：动作从过去持续到现在。 强调现在的状态，不强调动作时间。 例句：I have finished my homework.（现在作业完成） 现在完成时—句子结构 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词…? 过去分词是时态关键，不规则词需熟记。 例句：She has lived here for five years. 现在完成时—时间标志词 already, yet, ever, never, just for + 时间段, since + 时间点 so far, up to now, recently 绝对不与具体过去时间连用。 例句：He has been here since 2018. 核心区别一：是否与现在有关 一般过去时：动作结束在过去，与现在无关。 He lived in London for 3 years.（现在不住） 现在完成时：动作影响现在，或仍在持续。 He has lived in London for 3 years.（现在还住） 判断关键：看动作是否延续到现在。 核心区别二：时间状语 一般过去时：必须有具体过去时间。 yesterday, last year, three days ago 现在完成时：不能有具体过去时间。 错误：I have seen him yesterday. 正确：I saw him yesterday. for + 时间段 在两种时态中 for + 时间段两种时态都可用，含义不同。 一般过去时 + for：动作过去持续过，现已结束。 He worked there for 10 years. 现在完成时 + for：动作持续到现在。 He has worked there for 10 years. since + 时间点（只用于完成时） since + 时间点只能用于现在完成时。 表示“自从……以来”，动作持续到现在。 主句必须用现在完成时。 例句：She has learnt Chinese since 2020. 例句：He has been here since last Monday. 易混点对比1（live） He lived in Paris for 5 years. 一般过去时：过去住过5年，现在不住。 He has lived in Paris for 5 years. 现在完成时：住了5年，现在还住。 同一句型，时态不同，意思完全不同。 易混点对比2（work） She worked in the hospital for 2 years. 过去在医院工作过，现在已离职。 She has worked in the hospital for 2 years. 在医院工作两年，现在仍在工作。 判断技巧 1.找时间标志词，有明确过去时间→过去时。 2.有 since/for/already/yet/ever/never →完成时。 3.无标志词：看是否影响现在→完成时。 4.单纯讲过去故事→过去时。 5.历史事件、已结束故事→一律过去时。 基础训练1—写出时态 1.I went to Beijing last year.（____________） 2.She has finished her work.（____________） 3.They lived here in 2010.（____________） 4.He has been ill for three days.（____________） 5.Did you see him just now?（____________） 一般过去时 现在完成时 一般过去时 现在完成时 一般过去时 基础训练2—用正确形式填空 1.I ________________ (buy) a book yesterday. 2.He ________________ (live) here for 10 years. 3.They ________________ (leave) an hour ago. 4.She ________________ (learn) English since 2019. 5.We ________________ (not see) each other recently. bought has lived left has learnt haven’t seen 基础训练3—判断正误 1.I have visited the museum last week. ( ) 2.He has studied English for 5 years. ( ) 3.They went to the zoo already. ( ) 4.She has lived here since 2020. ( ) 5.We saw the film last night. ( ) F T F T T 单项选择 1.I ________ in this city in 2018. A. live B. lived C. have lived 2.He ________ in this city for 10 years. A. lives B. lived C. has lived 3.She ________ to the park yesterday. A. goes B. went C. has gone 4.They ________ the room already. A. clean B. cleaned C. have cleaned B C B C 5.We ________ each other last month. A. meet B. met C. have met 6.I ________ never ________ that movie. A. have; seen B. has; seen C. saw 7.He ________ in Beijing since 2019. A. lives B. lived C. has lived 8.She ________ TV last night. A. watches B. watched C. has watched B A C B 句型转换 1.He bought a book yesterday.（现在完成时） He ________ ________ a book. 2.I have lived here for 5 years.（一般过去时） I ________ here for 5 years. 3.She has finished her work.（一般过去时） She ________ her work. 4.They left an hour ago.（现在完成时） They ________ ________ _________for an hour. has bought lived finished have been away 完成句子 1.他昨天买了一辆新自行车。 He ________ a new bike yesterday. 2.我已经吃过午饭了。 I have _____________ lunch already. 3.他从2019年就住在这里。He ________ ________ here since 2019. 4.他们十年前住在上海。They ________ in Shanghai ten years ago. 5.我从未去过希腊。I have ________ ________ to Greece. 6.他刚才离开了。He ________ just now. bought had/eaten has lived lived never been left 高频易错点总结 1.有具体过去时间→一般过去时。 2.有 since/for/already/yet→现在完成时。 3.过去动作影响现在→完成时。 4.单纯过去动作→过去时。 5.for 两种时态都可用，since 只用于完成时。 课堂总结（一） 一般过去时：强调过去结束的动作，与现在无关。 结构：主语 + 动词过去式。标志：yesterday, last…, …ago。 课堂总结（二） 现在完成时：强调现在影响或持续。 结构：have/has + 过去分词。 标志：already, yet, ever, never, for, since。 做题先看时间标志，再看是否与现在有关。 教学课件 Unit 6 语法专项—— 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 Thank you for listening! 25 $