Units7-8知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit7 A good read 一.词形变换 Section A 1. adventure n. v.冒险 adventurous adj.爱冒险的；大胆的 adventurer n.冒险家；探险者 2. fantasy n.幻想；幻想作品 v.幻想；想象 fantastic adj.极好的；奇异的 3. mystery n.悬疑小说(电影/戏剧)；神秘的事物；奥秘 mysterious adj.神秘的；难以理解的mysteriously adv.神秘地；难以理解地 4. fiction n.小说 fictional adj.虚构的；小说的 5. detective n.侦探 adj.侦探/查的 detect v.发现；察觉 detection n.察觉；侦查 6. attack v. n.攻击；进攻 attacking adj.攻击的；进攻的 attacker n.攻击者；袭击者 7. historical adj.历史的；有关历史的 history n.历史；历史学 historic adj.有历史意义的 8. force v.强迫；迫使；用力推动 n.力；武力forced adj.被迫的；强迫的forceful adj.有力的；坚强的forcibly adv.强行地；有力地；(观点等)强硬地forcible adj.强制的；用力的 9. steal v.(stole, stolen)偷；窃取 n.偷窃；赃物；便宜货 stolen adj.被偷的；失窃的 thief n.小偷，窃贼 theft n.偷窃；盗窃罪 10. punish v.惩罚；处罚 punishment n.惩罚；处罚 punished adj.受惩罚的 11. idiom n.习语；成语 idiomatic adj.符合语言习惯的；习语的 idiomatically adv.符合习语地；自然地 12. recently adv.最近；不久前 recent adj.最近的；近来的 13. lost adj.迷路的；丢失的；失去的lose v.失去；丢失loss n.失去；损失loser n.失败者；输家 14. recommend v.推荐；建议 recommendation n.推荐；提议 recommendable adj.值得推荐的；可取的recommended adj.被推荐的 15. society n.社会；社团 social adj.社会的；社交的 socially adv.社会上；在社交方面 16. literary adj.文学的；文学上的 literature n.文学；文献 literarily adv.文学上地；从文学角度 17. base v.把(总部等)设在；以……为基础 n.根基；基础；根据地 basic adj.基本的；基础的；初步的 basic n.基础；要素(常复数 basics) basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上 basis n.基础；根据(复数 bases) Section B 1. summary n.总结；概要adj.总结性的；简略的 summarize(summarise) v.总结；概括 summarily adv.概括地；立即；草率地 2. spoiled (spoilt) adj.宠坏的；娇惯坏的 spoil v.宠坏；破坏(过去式/过去分词 spoiled 或 spoiled) 3. selfish adj.自私的 selfishness n.自私；自利 selfless adj.无私的 4. lock v.用锁锁上 n.锁 locked adj.锁着的；封锁的 unlock v.开锁；开启；发现；揭开unlocked adj.未上锁的；开启的 5. hidden adj.隐藏的；秘密的 hide v.隐藏；躲藏(过去分词 hidden 过去式 hid) hiding n.躲藏 6. state n.状态；国家；州 v.陈述；说明 stated adj.规定的；声明的 statement n.陈述；声明 statesman n.政治家(复数 statesmen) 7. weak adj.虚弱的；(能力)弱的 weakly adv.虚弱/无力地 weakness n.虚弱；弱点 weaken v.(使)变弱；削弱 8. secretly adv.秘密地 secret adj.秘密的；机密的 n.秘密；机密 9. prove v.证明；证实；显示是 proven adj.已证实的；公认的 proof n.证据；证明 provable adj.可证明的；可证实的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 5.我刚刚读完《三国演义》. I' ve just finished The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 6.这个故事虽然简单，却能让你从中获益良多！ It's such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it！ 7.我以前从没读过经典小说. I' ve never read a classic novel before. 8.今年年初，我决定阅读来自尽可能多国家的书籍。 At the start of this year,I decided to read books from as many countries as possible. 9.到目前为止，这段经历都非常棒。 This experience has been amazing so far. 10.我从未意识到我们的世界竟然如此广阔！ I have never realized how big our world really is！ Section B 1.一个被宠坏又自私的 10 岁女孩前去和叔叔同住。 A spoiled and selfish 10-year-old girl goes to live with her uncle. 2.不幸的是，没有人照看植物，因此，花园大部分都处于荒芜状态. Unfortunately, nobody has taken care of the plants, and therefore, much of it is in a bad state. 3.自他的母亲去世后，他一直独自住在一间秘密的房间. He has lived alone in a hidden room since his mother's death. 4.他发现这个秘密花园已经变得和以前一样有生机和美丽！ He discovers that the secret garden has become as alive and beautiful as it ever was！ 5.这座花园让玛丽的叔叔想起了他已故的妻子。 The garden reminds Mary's uncle of his dead wife. 6.他们达成了最终目标，并且证明了自己是一支优秀的团队。 They achieved their final goal and proved themselves to be a good team. 7.在他返程的路上，鲨鱼将它吞噬殆尽，最终只剩一堆白骨。 On his way back, sharks eat it, leaving nothing but bones. 8.这本书教会了我不要放弃和自我怀疑. This book has taught me not to give up or doubt myself. 9.渔夫拼尽全力与大鱼搏斗的劲头深深鼓舞了我，尽管他最终还是让鱼跑了。 I'm inspired by how hard the fisherman fights, even though he loses the fish in the end. 10.人不是生来就要被打败的.一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败. Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 unit7 A good read 知识清单 Section A How do we celebrate birthdays? 1. attack v.攻击；袭击 n.攻击；袭击 (1) vt.攻击；袭击 attack sb./sth.攻击某人 attack sb. with sth.用某物攻击某人 The dog attacked a passer-by. 那只狗袭击了一名路人。 The soldiers attacked the enemy camp at midnight.士兵们在午夜突袭了敌军营地。 The robber attacked him with a knife. 劫匪持刀袭击了他。 (2) vt.抨击；非难 attack sth.抨击某事 attack sb. for (doing) sth.因为某人(做)某事抨击某人 The media attacked the star for his bad behavior.媒体因这位明星的不当行为对其进行了抨击。 She attacked the new plan strongly. 她强烈抨击了这项新计划。 She attacked the unfair rules in her speech.她在演讲中抨击了这些不合理的规定。 (3) vt.(疾病)侵袭 A cold suddenly attacked him yesterday. 昨天他突然感冒了。 A severe cough attacked her last week. 上周她突发剧烈咳嗽。 (4) vi. attack on/ upon sb./sth.对……发起攻击 The enemy attacked on our position at night.敌军在夜间袭击了我方阵地。 (5) n.攻击；袭击 可数名词 an attack on/ against sb./sth.对某人/某物的攻击/抨击/指责 There was a terrorist attack in the city. 这座城市发生了一起恐怖袭击事件。 The village suffered a sudden attack from the wolves.这个村庄遭到了狼群的突然袭击。 (6) n.抨击；指责 可数名词 a personal attack 人身攻击 a verbal attack 言语攻击；口头抨击 an attack on sb.'s ideas 对某人观点的抨击 an attack on one's reputation 对某人名誉的诋毁 Her speech was an attack on the government's policy.她的演讲是对政府政策的抨击。 His comment was seen as a personal attack on the leader.他的评论被视作对这位领导人的人身攻击。 (7) n.(疾病的)发作 可数名词 a heart attack 心脏病发作 an attack of fever/a cold 突发高烧/感冒 He had a heart attack last year.他去年得了心脏病。 My grandfather survived a serious heart attack last year.去年我的外祖父从一场严重的心脏病中恢复了过来。 (8) make an attack on sb./sth.对……发动攻击 launch an attack 发起攻击 under attack 遭受攻击/抨击 The army made an attack on the enemy base. 军队袭击了敌军基地。 The army decided to launch an attack at dawn.军队决定在拂晓发起进攻。 The company is under attack for its high prices.这家公司因定价过高遭到抨击。 The new policy is under attack from the public.这项新政策受到了公众的反对。 2. force v.强迫；迫使；强行打开/通过； (1) vt.强迫；迫使 force sb. to do sth.= force sb. into (doing) sth.强迫某人做某事 His parents forced him to study hard. 他的父母强迫他努力学习。 No one can force you to do what you don't like. 没人能强迫你做自己不喜欢的事。 They forced him to leave the company.他们强迫他离开了公司。 They forced him into leaving the team because of his injury.因为他受伤了，他们迫使他退出了球队。 (2) vt.;强行打开/通过 force sth. open 强行打开某物 force one's way (through/ past)强行前进；挤过去 The firefighters forced the door open to save the trapped girl.消防员撞开房门，救出了被困的女孩。 We forced our way through the heavy snow to get home.我们在大雪中艰难跋涉，设法回到了家。 We forced our way through the crowded street.我们挤过了拥挤的街道。 (3) vt.勉强做出(表情声音等) force a smile/ laugh 强颜欢笑 force a cheer 强装欢呼；勉强喝彩 She forced a smile even though she was very sad.尽管她满心难过，却还是强颜欢笑。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (4)n.(数学)基数(如十进制的 10) Ten is the base of the decimal system. 10 是十进制的基数。 (5)v. base sth on/ upon sth 以……为基础 base sth in sp 把……设在某地 She based her argument on scientific evidence.她的论点是以科学证据为依据的。 This novel is based on a true story. 这部小说是以一个真实故事为基础的。 The company bases its European team in Paris.这家公司把欧洲团队的办公地点设在巴黎。 (6)adj.卑鄙的 base behavior 卑鄙的行为 It's base to laugh at people who are in trouble. 嘲笑处于困境中的人是卑鄙的。 (7)adj.基础的 base level 基础水平；基准水平 The course is designed for students at a base level of English.这门课程是为英语基础水平的学生设计的。 (8) basic adj.基础的；基本的 basically adv.基本上；大体上 We need to master some basic English grammar rules.我们需要掌握一些基础的英语语法规则。 Basically, this question is not difficult for you. 基本上，这个问题对你来说不难。 (9) basis n.基础；根据(与 base 名词含义相近用法不同) We make the decision on the basis of facts.我们根据事实做决定。 Section B What can we learn from great books? 1. summary n.摘要；总结；概要 adj.总结性的；扼要的；简明的 (1)a summary of sth某物的摘要/总结 write/ make a summary 写一份摘要/总结 She wrote a summary of the English reading lesson.她写了一份英语阅读课的总结。 This is a summary of the novel's main plot. 这是这部小说主要情节的概要。 The teacher asked us to make a summary after each class.老师要求我们每节课后写一份总结。 (2) give a summary of 概述…… He gave a clear summary of the meeting this morning.他清晰地概述了今天上午的会议内容。 (3) in summary 总而言之；概括来说(常用于句首 表总结) In summary, we should spend more time on listening practice. 总而言之，我们应该多花时间在听力练习上。 (4) adj.简明的；总结性的 修饰名词 The manager gave a summary report about the sales situation.经理做了一份关于销售情况的简要报告。 This is a summary introduction to the new English textbook.这是对这本新英语教材的简要介绍。 (5) summarize(summarise) vt.总结；概述 Please summarize the passage in three sentences.请用三句话总结这篇短文。 (6) summarization n.总结；概括 The summarization of the text helps us understand it better.对课文的概括能帮我们更好地理解它。 2. spoil v.损坏；毁掉；溺爱；(食物)变质过去式/过去分词 spoilt(英式英语) spoiled(美式英语) spoiled adj.被宠坏的；变质的 (1)破坏；毁掉(心情/计划/假期/聚会等) spoil sth.破坏某物/某事 Don't let a small mistake spoil your mood. 别让一个小错误破坏你的心情。 The heavy rain spoiled our picnic last Sunday.上周日的大雨毁掉了我们的野餐。 Her bad mood has spoiled the whole evening.她的坏心情毁了整个晚上。 He spoiled the soup by putting too much salt in it.他放了太多盐，把汤给搞砸了。 (2)宠坏；溺爱(孩子/宠物等) spoil sb.溺爱某人 Parents shouldn't spoil their children too much.父母不应该太溺爱孩子。 My grandma spoils my little sister a lot. 奶奶特别溺爱我的小妹妹。 My parents have spoiled me since I was a kid.我从小就被父母宠着。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 单元语法全解 现在完成时 一.基本结构；助动词 have/has+过去分词(done) 二.句型 ①肯定句：主语+ have/has+过去分词 主语为第一/二人称单复数(I we you)或第三人称复数(they, students)用 have 主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it, Tom)用 has I have worked here for 3 years. 我已经在这里工作3年了。 She has finished her homework. 她已经写完了家庭作业。 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. We haven't seen the movie yet. 我们还没看这部电影。 He hasn't arrived at school. 他还没到学校。 ③一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定) No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) Have you read this book? 你读过这本书了吗? Yes,I have. No,I haven't. Has she passed the exam? 她考试及格了吗? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't. ④特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have/has+主语+过去分词？ Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？ How long has he lived here?他在这里住了多久了？ 三.用法 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作/状态。它的本质是过去与现在的关联 (1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 侧重点：动作发生在过去，但现在能看到后果，不强调动作发生的具体时间 常搭配的时间状语: already 已经 yet还/尚未 just 刚刚 ever 曾经 never 从未 recently 最近so far 到目前为止 I have spent all of my money so far.到目前为止，我已经把钱全花光了。(结果：现在我没有钱花了.) My father has gone to work. 我爸爸去上班了。 (结果：我爸爸现在不在这儿) I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完了家庭作业。 (结果：现在可以去玩了) She has already seen this film twice.她已经看过这部电影2次了。 (结果：现在不需要再看一遍) He has never eaten sushi before.他以前从没有吃过寿司。 (结果：现在对寿司可能不了解) The rain has stopped.雨已经停了。 (结果：现在路面不再湿了) (2)表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状作(be动词表示) 侧重点：动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到说话时，可能还会继续下去。 常搭配的时间状语: for+时间段 since+时间点/一般过去时从句 how long 多久 ①for+时间段 ②since+过去一个时间点 自从……以来 ③since+时间段+ ago ④since+从句(过去时) ⑤It is+时间段+ since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. 玛丽已经生病三天了。 I have lived here since 1998. 我从1998年起就住在这里了。 We have lived in this city for 10 years.我们已经在这个城市住了10年了。 (从10年前住到现在) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 unit8 Making a difference 一.词形变换 Section A 1. visitor n.参观者；来访者 visit v.参观；拜访 n.参观；访问 visiting adj.访问的；参观的 2. elderly adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的 elder adj.年龄较长的 n.长辈 3. organization(organisation) n.组织；团体；机构 organize v.组织；安排 organizer n.组织者；安排者 4. provide v.提供；供应；给予 provider n.提供者；供应商 providable adj.可提供的；可供应的provision n.供应；条款；准备 5. owner n.主人；物主 own adj.自己的 v.拥有 owned adj.拥有的；所有的 6. donation n.捐赠物；捐款；捐赠行为 donate v.捐赠；捐献；赠送 donator n.捐赠者；赠送者 donated adj.捐赠的 donor n.赠者；供血者；器官捐献者 7. interviewer n.面试官；采访者 interview v. n.采访；面试 interviewee n.被采访者；被面试者 8. youth n.青年；青年时期 young adj.年轻的；年幼的 9. active adj.活跃的；积极的 actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity n.活动；行动 actor n.男演员 10. charity n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善事业 charitable adj.慈善的；仁慈的 11. warmly adv.热情地；温暖地 warm adj.温暖的；热情的 v.使温暖；变暖和 warmth n.温暖；热情 Section B 1. gentleman n.先生；君子 gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 gently adv.温和地 gentleness n.温和 2. bark v.(狗)吠叫；厉声说话 n.狗叫声；树皮；厉声的话 barking adj.狗叫的；疯狂的；精神失常的barker n.吠叫的动物；大声吆喝的人 3. adult n.成年人 adj.成年的；成熟的 adulthood n.成年；成年时期 4. missing adj.失踪的；丢失的 miss v.错过；想念；丢失 missed adj.错过的；思念的 5. practical adj.实用的；实际的 practically adv.实际上；几乎 practice n.实践；练习 v.(practise)练习impractical adj.不切实际的 6. successful adj.成功的；有成就的 succeed v.成功；达成 success n.成功；成就 successfully adv.成功地 7. value n.重要作用；价值 v.重视；估价 valuable adj.有价值的；珍贵的 valuation n.估价；评价valueless adj.无价值的 8. voluntary adj.自愿的；无偿的 volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿做 9. ordinary adj.平凡的；普通的 ordinarily adv.通常；平常 10. worth adj.值得；有价值 n.价值；财产 worthy adj.值得的；有价值的 worthily adv.值得地；配得上地worthwhile adj.值得做的 11. willing adj.乐意的；愿意的 will v.愿意；将要 n.意志；意愿 12. effort n.努力；费力的事；尝试 effortful adj.费力的；需要努力的 effortless adj.不费力的；轻松的 13. talent n.才能；天赋；天才 talented adj.有天赋的；有才能的 14. advertisement (=ad) n.广告；启事 advertise v.做广告；宣传 advertiser n.广告商；登广告者advertising n.广告业；广告活动 adj.广告的；广告业的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10.现在吴老师作为一名志愿者在小学教书已有两年. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer for two years now. 11.自2023年开设课程以来，该组织已为6000多位老年人提供了培训. The organization has trained over 6,000 elderly people since it began to offer classes in 2023. 12.体育场那么大，以至于他们迷路了. The stadium was so big that they got lost. Section B 1.2008 年的时候，我正和几个朋友在山里徒步，突然其中一人摔倒，头部受了重伤。 Back in 2008, I was hiking in the mountains with some friends when one of them fell and got a bad head injury. 2.我们去过学校和其他社区教儿童和成年人怎样保持安全以及为最坏的情况作准备. We' ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. 3.我们在自然灾害发生后，提供了医疗援助，还参与了失踪人员的搜救工作，比如2013年的雅安地震。 We' ve provided medical aid and searched for missing people after natural disasters, like the 2013earthquake in Ya' an. 4.做志愿者的经历教会了我许多实用的救生技能。 Working as a volunteer has taught me many practical life-saving skills. 5.它也帮助我理解了团队的力量，因为它是成功营救的关键. It has also helped me understand the power of teamwork because it's the key to successful rescues. 6.但是我们的目标一直都是尽可能多救人. But our goal has always been to save as many people as we can. 7.帮助他人，即是自助。 Help others, help yourself. 8.今日你难处，明日我可能。 /今天轮到你，明天轮到我。 Today you, tomorrow me. 9.赠人玫瑰，手有余香. The rose in your hand, the sweet smell in mine. 10.当哈里看到那些受他帮助的人脸上绽放笑容时，他才意识到自己所做的事是有价值的。 Harry realized that his work made a difference when he saw the smiles on the faces of the people he helped. 11.想加入我们一起做志愿者的话，只需给我们发一封邮件！ To volunteer with us, just drop us an email！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 unit8 Making a difference 知识清单 Section A What can we do to help? 1. make a difference 有影响；起作用；带来改变 可指积极或消极作用强调行为产生的实际效果 (1) make a difference to sb./ sth.对某人/某事有影响 Your kind words can make a big difference to a lonely person. 你温暖的话语能给孤独的人带来很大的慰藉。 Taking exercise every day makes a difference to your health.每天锻炼对你的健康有很大好处。 (2) make a big/ great/ huge difference 产生很大影响；带来显著改变 A good night's sleep made a great difference to my mood.一晚好睡眠让我的心情好了很多。 This new software has made a huge difference to our work efficiency. 这款新软件极大地提升了我们的工作效率。 (3) make no difference (to sb./ sth.) (对某人/某物)没有影响；不起作用 It makes no difference to me whether we go by bus or by bike. 我们坐公交还是骑自行车，对我来说都一样。 Buying expensive stationery makes no difference to your study results. 买昂贵的文具对你的学习成绩没有任何帮助。 (4) make a positive/ negative difference 产生积极/消极影响 Planting more trees can make a positive difference to the environment.多植树能对环境产生积极影响。 Staying up late too often will make a negative difference to your body. 经常熬夜会对你的身体造成负面影响。 (5) make a difference in sth.在某方面带来改变(侧重具体领域) She wants to work as a teacher to make a difference in children's lives. 她想当一名老师去改变孩子们的人生。 (6) It doesn't make any difference... ......没什么区别/没影响 It doesn't make any difference how much money you spend- just try your best. 花多少钱没什么关系，尽力就好。 (7) make all the difference 起到关键作用；使情况大为改观 A cup of hot tea made all the difference on that cold day. 在那个寒冷的日子里，一杯热茶起到了关键的暖身作用。 2. organize(organise) vt.组织；安排；筹备；整理；规划 vi.组织起来；成立组织 (1) vt.常用搭配及例句 organize sth.组织/筹备/整理某物 We need to organize a welcome party for the new students.我们需要为新生组织一场欢迎派对。 She spent the whole morning organizing her bookshelf.她花了一整个上午整理书架。 The teacher organized all the exam papers by class.老师按班级把所有试卷整理好了。 (2) vt. organize sb. to do sth.组织某人做某事 The volunteer group organized us to clean the park.志愿者组织安排我们去打扫公园。 Our monitor organized everyone to take part in the sports meeting.班长组织大家参加运动会。 (3) vt. organize sth. into sth. 把……组织/整理成…… She organized the data into a clear table. 她把数据整理成了一张清晰的表格。 The coach organized the players into three teams.教练把队员们分成了三个小组。 (4) vt. organize one's time/ work/ life 规划时间/工作/生活 You should learn to organize your time wisely.你应该学会合理规划自己的时间。 It's important to organize your work before starting.开始工作前先规划好流程很重要。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Finishing the report in one day was a big effort.一天内完成这份报告是一项艰巨的任务。 (4)成果；成就 可数名词 努力后的结果 All his efforts finally paid off- he won the competition.他所有的努力终于有了回报-他赢得了比赛。 The new park is a wonderful effort of the whole community. 这座新公园是整个社区共同努力的美好成果。 (5) make every effort to do sth.竭尽全力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 We will make every effort to help you with your English.我们会竭尽全力帮你学习英语。 The government is sparing no effort to improve the environment.政府正不遗余力地改善环境。 (6) in an effort to do sth.为了做某事表目的 by one's own efforts 通过某人自己的努力 She studies late every night in an effort to improve her grades.她每天熬夜学习，为了提高成绩。 He achieved success by his own efforts. 他通过自己的努力取得了成功。 (7) effort pays off 努力终有回报 常用口语表达 Don't give up- effort always pays off.别 放弃，努力终有回报。 (8) effortful adj.费力的；需要努力的 effortlessly adv.毫不费力地；轻松地 effortlessness n.轻松；不费力 Writing a composition in English is an effortful task for beginners. 对初学者来说，用英语写作文是一项费力的任务。 She speaks English so well that she can communicate effortlessly with foreigners. 她英语说得很好，能轻松和外国人交流。 His effortlessness in solving the problem surprised everyone. 他解决这个问题时的轻松劲儿让所有人都惊讶。 3. familiar adj.熟悉的；通晓的；常见的；亲近的；随便的 (1)熟悉的；通晓的 be familiar with 主语是人 熟悉某物/某人/某情况；通晓某事 She is familiar with English grammar because she studies it every day. 她通晓英语语法，因为她每天都学习。 I am familiar with this park-I used to play here as a kid.我对这个公园很熟悉，我小时候常在这里玩。 (2)熟悉的 be familiar to 主语是物/人 某物/某人对某人来说是熟悉的；某物/某人被某人熟悉 This English song is familiar to most middle school students.这首英文歌对大多数中学生来说都很熟悉。 This story is familiar to me. 这个故事对我来说很熟悉。 His new classmate is familiar to him.他的新同学对他来说很熟悉。 (3)常见的；普遍的 familiar problem 常见/熟悉的问题 familiar scene 熟悉/常见的画面 Spelling mistakes are familiar problems for English beginners.拼写错误是英语初学者的常见问题。 The familiar view of the school gate always reminds me of my childhood. 校门口熟悉的景象总是让我想起童年。 (4)亲近的；关系好的 familiar friend 熟识/熟悉的朋友 familiar faces 熟悉的面孔 He is a familiar friend of my brother's- they often play basketball together. 他是我哥哥的挚友，他们经常一起打篮球。 I saw many familiar faces at the school reunion.我在同学聚会上看到了很多熟悉的面孔。 (5)随便的；冒昧的 略带贬义 举止不合分寸 It's not polite to use a familiar tone when talking to strangers.和陌生人说话时语气太随便，是不礼貌的。 (6) be on familiar terms with sb.与某人关系密切；与某人交情好 My teacher is on familiar terms with all her students.我的老师和她所有的学生关系都很好。 (7) familiarity n.熟悉；通晓；亲近 familiarity with sth.对某物的熟悉/了解 His familiarity with computer skills helped him get the job easily. 他对电脑技能的通晓让他轻松得到了这份工作。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 单元语法全解 现在完成时中瞬间动词和延续性动词用法 瞬间动词不能和表动作持续时长的时间状语连用 延续性动词可以和表动作持续时长的时间状语连用 现在完成时中，瞬间动词仅能表示"动作已完成，对现在有影响"，不可接持续时间状语 延续性动词可表示"动作从过去持续到现在"，可接持续时间状语 1.延续性动词(也叫持续性动词) 表示动作可以持续/延续一段时间，有过程感，能和 for+时间段 since+时间点或 how long搭配 能回答How long 多久的动词=延续性动词 常见的延续性动词 live 住 know 认识 learn学 work 工作 stay 待 be是/在 have 拥有 keep 保留 study 学习 wait等待He has lived here for 10 years. 他在这住了10年。live是延续性动词 How long have you known each other? 你们认识多久了? know 是延续性动词 2.瞬间动词(也叫终止性动词/短暂性动词) 表示动作瞬间发生，瞬间结束，无过程感，不能和表持续时长的时间状语连用 不能回答 How long?的动词=瞬间动词 常见的瞬间动词 go 去 come来 arrive 到达 leave 离开 buy买 borrow借 lose 丢 die死 join加入 finish 完成 start开始 stop 停止 marry 结婚 open 打开 close关闭 join 加入 She has lost her key.她把钥匙弄丢了。无持续时间 表丢钥匙的结果持续到现在 Tom has gone to the library. 汤姆去图书馆了。 无持续时间 表去了未回的状态 3.瞬间动词转换成延续性动词 把瞬间动词换成对应的延续性表达 时态仍为现在完成时 仅替换动词部分 (1)用be+形容词代终止性动词 be+ married 代 marry be+ ill 代 fall(get) ill be+ asleep 代 fall(get) asleep be+ awake 代 wake/ wake up be+ gone 代 lose, die, sell, leave be+ open 代 open be closed 代 close/ shut be+ missing(gone, lost)代 lose (2)用be+副词代终止性动词 be+ on 代 start, begin be+ up.代 get up be+ back(to)代 return to, come back to, go back to be here(there)代 come(arrive, reach, get) here或 go(arrive, reach, get) there 等等 (3)用be+介词短语代终止性动词 be in/ at+地点代替 go to / come to be in the army 代替 join the army be in/ at+地点代替 move to 4.常用瞬间动词变延续性动词例子 go to+地点 be in+地点 表"去了某地并一直待在那" come(here) be here 表"来到这并一直待着" 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $