2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习 专题二:名词与冠词

2026-03-14
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2026 届中考英语二轮专题复习 云南 专题二:名词与冠词 【考情微观·近三年命题特点】 名词和冠词是中考英语的基础考点,每年在单项选择、语法填空、短文改错中都会出现。2023—2025年真题注重在语境中考查可数名词与不可数名词的区分、名词所有格、冠词的基本用法(定冠词与不定冠词的选择、零冠词的情况)。同时,名词词义辨析也常出现在完形填空中。本专题系统梳理名词与冠词的核心规则,并通过多样化练习帮助学生巩固。 【核心知识·名词与冠词全攻略】 一、名词的分类 1. 专有名词:表示特定的人、地方、机构等,首字母大写,如 China, Tom, the Great Wall。 2. 普通名词:   (1)可数名词:有单复数形式,如 book—books, child—children。   (2)不可数名词:没有复数形式,如 water, information, advice。不可数名词需要用量词表示数量,如 a piece of news。 二、可数名词复数的规则变化 1. 一般情况加 -s:book→books 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es:bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es:city→cities, country→countries 4. 以 f/fe 结尾,一般变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es:leaf→leaves, knife→knives(少数直接加 -s 如 roof→roofs) 5. 以 o 结尾,有生命的加 -es(potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes),无生命的加 -s(photo→photos, piano→pianos) 三、不可数名词的量化表达 a piece of news/advice/information;a glass of water;a bowl of rice;two bags of milk 等。 四、名词所有格 1. 's 所有格:主要用于有生命的名词,如 my mother‘s bag;以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’,如 the teachers‘ office。 2. of 所有格:主要用于无生命的名词,如 the name of the school。 3. 双重所有格:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一个朋友) 五、冠词的基本用法 1. 不定冠词 a/an:表示泛指“一个”,a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an 用于元音音素开头的词前,如 a university, an hour。 2. 定冠词 the:表示特指,或上文提到过的人或物,或用于独一无二的事物前(the sun),乐器前(play the piano),序数词和最高级前(the first, the best)。 3. 零冠词:球类运动、三餐、学科、人名、地名、节日(一般)前不加冠词,如 play football, have breakfast, in Beijing。 六、易错点提醒 1. 集合名词如 family, class 强调整体时用单数,强调成员时用复数。 2. 有些名词单复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese。 3. 名词作定语通常用单数(a shoe shop),但 man, woman 作定语时随后名词变数(men teachers)。 4. 冠词与 such, what, half, rather 等词的连用位置:such a nice boy, half an hour。 【技法点拨·三步破题】 1. 确定空格处需要名词还是冠词:根据句子成分判断,名词通常作主、宾、表,冠词位于名词前。 2. 如果是名词:考虑可数/不可数、单复数、所有格形式;如果是冠词:考虑泛指/特指、发音、固定搭配。 3. 结合上下文语义和语法规则,选出正确答案。 【综合演练 分层突破】 第一部分 单项选择(共10小题,每题1分) 1. There is _______ “u” and _______ “s” in the word “us”. A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an 2. — What would you like, sir? — I’d like two _______. A. bottle of milk B. bottles of milk C. bottles of milks D. bottle of milks 3. The _______ office is on the fifth floor. A. teachers’ B. teacher’s C. teacher D. teachers 4. My sister plays _______ piano very well, but she doesn’t like playing _______ football. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 5. Could you give me _______ on how to learn English well? A. an advice B. some advice C. some advices D. an advices 6. This is _______ room. They live here happily. A. Tom and Mike B. Tom’s and Mike’s C. Tom and Mike’s D. Tom’s and Mike 7. He has _______ knowledge of computers. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. They are _______ and they often help each other. A. man teachers B. men teachers C. men teacher D. man teacher 9. It’s about ten _______ walk from here to the park. A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’ 10. What _______ fine weather we are having today! A. a B. an C. the D. / 第二部分 语法填空(共12小题,每题1分) 11. There are two _______ (knife) on the table. 12. The _______ (child) toys are all over the floor. 13. Would you like some _______ (bread) for breakfast? 14. September 10th is _______ (teacher) Day. 15. My father is _______ (a) honest man. 16. _______ (sheep) are eating grass on the hill. 17. I have two _______ (cup) of tea every morning. 18. This is _______ (Tom and Jerry) bedroom. 19. It’s about twenty _______ (minute) ride from here. 20. The little girl likes playing _______ (violin). 21. My sister often goes to school by _______ (bike). 22. There is _______ (a) “l” in the word “apple”. 第三部分 完成句子(每空一词,共8小题,每题1.5分) 23. 他给了我一条有用的建议。 He gave me _______ useful piece of _______. 24. 那些是西红柿和土豆。 Those are _______ and _______. 25. 格林先生是我父亲的一个朋友。 Mr. Green is a friend of _______ _______. 26. 让我们花半小时读书吧。 Let’s spend _______ _______ reading books. 27. 你能告诉我去车站的路吗? Can you tell me the _______ to the _______? 28. 吉姆和汤姆的房间都很整洁。 _______ and _______ rooms are both tidy. 29. 我们都喜欢音乐,比如弹钢琴。 We all like music, such as playing _______ _______. 30. 这本字典是李老师的。 This dictionary is _______ _______. 第四部分 选词填空(用方框内词语的正确形式填空,共6小题,每题2分) policeman, information, man teacher, orange, glass of water, Chinese 31. How many _______ are there in the police station? 32. I’d like two _______, please. I’m very thirsty. 33. The _______ are discussing the math problem. 34. We can get a lot of useful _______ on the Internet. 35. These _______ come from Shanghai. 36. There are some _______ on the table. They are sweet. 第五部分 单句改错(每题只有一处错误,共6小题,每题2分) 37. My mother bought two fishes in the market. 改正:________________________ 38. The boy is wearing a uniform and an useful dictionary. 改正:________________________ 39. Miss Green is a friend of my mother. 改正:________________________ 40. There is an “h” in the word “hour”, but we don’t pronounce it. 改正:________________________ 41. He gave me some good advices yesterday. 改正:________________________ 42. Look! Those sheeps are eating grass over there. 改正:________________________ 【参考答案】 单选:1—5 B B A B B 6—10 C A B D D 语法填空:11. knives 12. children‘s 13. bread 14. Teachers’ 15. an 16. Sheep 17. cups 18. Tom and Jerry‘s 19. minutes’ 20. the violin 21. bike 22. an 完成句子:23. a; advice 24. tomatoes; potatoes 25. my father‘s 26. half an hour 27. way; station 28. Jim’s; Tom‘s 29. the piano 30. Mr. Li’s 选词填空:31. policemen 32. glasses of water 33. men teachers 34. information 35. Chinese 36. oranges 单句改错:37. fishes→fish 38. an→a 39. mother→mother‘s 40. an→a 41. advices→advice 42. sheeps→sheep 2/2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习 专题二:名词与冠词
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2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习 专题二:名词与冠词
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2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习 专题二:名词与冠词
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