专题03 动词的非谓语形式（复习讲义）（河北专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03 动词的非谓语形式（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词不定式（to do） 考点二 动名词（doing） 考点三 分词（现在分词doing /过去分词done） 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.命题形式：2025 年河北中考英语题型改革后，短文填空为核心考查载体，同时在完形填空、阅读理解长难句理解、书面表达高分句式构建中进行综合考查，融入语篇语境。 2.命题内容：河北中考近三年对非谓语动词的考查，动词不定式（to do）为核心考点，累计考查 4 次，集中在固定搭配的宾补、宾语用法；分词（现在分词/过去分词）转化形容词为高频易错考点，累计考查3次；动名词（doing）近三年未单独设空考查，但在固定搭配中为语篇理解和书面表达的必备知识点。 3.命题难度：整体难度中等，以基础固定搭配考查为主，难点集中在分词作表语/定语的辨析、不定式与动名词的用法差异，是二轮复习中区分中等生与优等生的关键考点。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 动词不定式（to do）固定搭配 ①短文填空 54 题（encourage sb. to do） ②短文填空 50 题（疑问词 + to do 作宾语） / ①单项选择 6 题（be supposed to do） ②词语运用 48 题（tell sb. not to do） 分词（现在分词/过去分词）作表语/定语 ①短文填空 46 题（interest→interesting） / ①词语运用 47 题（relax→relaxed） 非谓语动词句法功能（定语/状语/补语） 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 命题预测 1.核心考点：2026年河北中考或将继续以动词不定式（to do）为核心必考点，短文填空中稳定设置1-2题考查固定搭配，重点集中在 “动词 + sb.+to do” 宾补结构、疑问词+不定式作宾语两大方向。 2.分词考查：2023、2025 年连续考查分词转化形容词的用法，2026 年大概率延续该考法，同时可能在完形填空中考查分词作定语/状语的语境辨析。 3.考查综合化：非谓语动词将与被动语态、时态、形容词副词考点结合考查，同时成为书面表达高分句式的核心构建要素，要求学生不仅能完成词形填空，更能在写作中灵活运用非谓语优化句式。 考点一 动词不定式（to do） 1.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 54 题）Therefore, I encourage you __________ (create) your “Good Things Jug” today. 2.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 50 题）There we __________ (teach) my pet cat how to clap (拍) with his feet. 3.（2023・河北卷・单项选择 6 题）We are supposed to __________ our hand before we speak in class. A. put up B. put out C. put down D. put away 4.（2023・河北卷・词语运用 48 题）Mr. Zhao is patient and he always __________ (tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers. 考查方向 核心规则 河北中考高频固定搭配/句型 不定式作宾语补足语 “动词+宾语+ to do” 结构，不定式补充说明宾语的动作 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 疑问词+不定式作宾语 what/how/when/where/which+to do，相当于宾语从句，在句中作动词的宾语 teach sb. how to do 教某人如何做 know what to do 知道做什么 learn where to go 了解去哪里 不定式作宾语 部分及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词 want to do 想要做 decide to do 决定做 hope to do 希望做 plan to do 计划做 learn to do 学习做 不定式固定句型 河北中考高频基础句型，书面表达高分必备 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 It's + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的 It's + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是…… 的（形容人的品质） can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 1.使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch/feel 等）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 “make sb. do sth.”；但变为被动语态时，to 必须还原，如 “sb. be made to do sth.”，为完形填空、书面表达高频易错点； 2.固定搭配 had better (not) do sth. 后接动词原形，不能加 to，为基础易错点； 3.It's + adj. + for sb. 与 of sb. 的区别：形容词修饰事情用 for，修饰人的品质（kind/nice/clever/foolish 等）用 of，是书面表达高频易错句型。 1.找标志词：先圈画空格前的高频谓语动词（tell/encourage/ask/want/teach 等），这些词是不定式作宾补的核心标志； 2.判结构：看空格前是否有疑问词（what/how/when），若有，90% 考查 “疑问词 + to do” 结构； 3.验形式：注意不定式的否定式为 not to do，而非 to not do，这是河北中考短文填空的高频易错点。 1．The doctors and nurses managed ________ the lives of patients, though they didn’t have enough medicine. A．saving B．saved C．to save D．save 2．The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 3．My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 4．Students are encouraged ________ more time outdoors to improve their physical and mental health. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 5．The school expects students ________ well during exams. A．behave B．behaved C．behaving D．to behave 6．—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 7．She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English. A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join 8．My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 9．Mr. Green tried his best ________ his students understand the difficult math problem. A．help B．helped C．to help D．helping 10．There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 考点二 动名词（doing） 2023-2025 年河北中考英语真题未单独设空考查动名词，仅在语篇和固定搭配中进行隐性考查。 1.（2025・河北石家庄一模）I enjoy _________ (read) English poems in my free time. 考查场景 核心规则 河北中考高频固定搭配/句型 动名词作动词宾语 部分及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 keep doing sth. 持续做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 介词后接动名词 所有介词（in/on/at/for/with/from/about 等）后，若接动词，必须用动名词形式 be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事 thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事 learn from doing sth. 从做某事中学习 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 动名词固定句型 河北中考书面表达高频句型 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 1.部分动词后接不定式和动名词，含义不同： remember to do 记得去做某事（未做）；remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do 忘记去做某事（未做）；forget doing 忘记做过某事（已做） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 2.be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事（to 是介词，后接动名词），与 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形）。 河北中考动名词考点快速识别标志： 1.空格前出现 enjoy/finish/keep/mind 等高频动词，直接锁定动名词 doing 形式； 2.空格前是介词（包括短语介词），无论是否有其他修饰词，动词一律用动名词 doing 形式，这是短文填空的秒杀技巧； 3.动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 “Reading English is good for your study.”，是书面表达高分句式。 1．Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 2．Can you imagine ________ a strange planet some day in the future? A．visit B．visiting C．visited D．to visit 3．Have you finished _______ your English composition on how to keep healthy? A．write B．writing C．to write D．to writing 4．Mr Ma was so busy ________ our homework that he forgot to have his lunch. A．check B．checked C．to check D．checking 5．Ella said she didn’t mind ________ for some time before she could buy the ticket. A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting 6．The farmer grows his crops without ________ any chemicals. They are completely organic and safe to eat. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 7．He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 8．A great many people in Changchun enjoy ________ flowers along the Yitong River in spring. A．admire B．to admire C．admired D．admiring 9．The girl is afraid ________ out at night. A．of going B．going C．goes D．to going 10．We often practise ________ English in class. A．speak B．speaks C．speaking D．spoke 11．I’m looking forward to ________ you soon. A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw 12．The books written by Lu Xun are worth ________. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 13．—Does this man look familiar (熟悉的) to you, Madam? —Ah, yes! I remember ________ him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 14．My cousin used to ________a taxi to school, but now she is used to ________ to school. A．take; walk B．taking; walking C．taking; walk D．take; walking 15．—The fashion show last night was so wonderful that I couldn’t stop ________ photos. —Me, too. I have never seen a show like this. A．to take B．taking C．take D．took 考点三 分词（现在分词doing /过去分词done） 1.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 46 题）Some of the things are _________ (interest), some are serious, and some just give hope. 2.（2023・河北卷・词语运用 47 题）I felt _________ (relax) at once. 河北中考对分词的考查，90% 集中在情感类动词的分词转化形容词。 分词类型 核心含义 修饰对象 河北中考高频词 现在分词（doing） 表“主动/进行”，意为“令人…… 的”，强调事物本身具有的性质。 修饰事物或事件 interesting, exciting, surprising, amazing, relaxing, tiring, boring 过去分词（done） 表“被动/完成”，意为“感到…… 的”，强调人的主观感受。 修饰人，或人的表情、眼神等 interested, excited, surprised, amazed, relaxed, tired, bored 补充核心用法：分词作定语时，单个分词放在名词前，分词短语放在名词后，如 a running boy（一个正在跑步的男孩）、a book written by Lu Xun（一本鲁迅写的书），为阅读理解长难句理解核心考点。 1.现在分词与动名词形式一致，但用法完全不同：动名词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语；现在分词相当于形容词 / 副词，在句中作表语、定语、状语，二轮复习需注意区分，避免书面表达出现语法错误； 2.过去分词作定语时，既表被动，也表完成；现在分词作定语时，既表主动，也表进行，是阅读理解长难句理解的高频难点，二轮复习需结合真题语篇强化理解； 3.注意不规则动词的过去分词变化，如 write→written, break→broken, teach→taught 等，避免短文填空出现拼写错误。 河北中考短文填空中，情感类动词分词辨析一步锁定答案： 看修饰对象 —— 修饰人，用 - ed 结尾；修饰物 / 事，用 - ing 结尾。 唯一例外：修饰人的 “表情、眼神、声音” 等能体现人内心感受的名词时，用 - ed 结尾，如： a relaxed look 放松的表情，an excited voice 激动的声音。 1．When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A．do B．did C．doing D．to do 2．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 3．—What is behind that tree? —There must be a dog ________ beside it. A．sit B．sat C．to sit D．sitting 4．—Do you know the women ________ clothes by the river? —I have no idea. A．washing B．washed C．to wash D．washes 5．The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 6．—The song________ by Jay Chou is very popular. —I like it, too. His songs always sound so nice. A．is sung B．was sung C．sung D．singing 7．Please give this book to a boy ________ Zhang Ming. A．call B．called C．calling D．to call 8．The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 9．Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A．done B．to do C．does D．do 10．—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 一、单项选择 1．Many young people consider ________ AI robots to help with their daily housework, since technology is developing so fast. A．use B．using C．to use 2．________ the classroom cleaner, Bob volunteered to clean it just now. A．Make B．Making C．To make 3．—I got up late. —You must manage __________ to school on time. A．to get B．getting C．get 4．Little Tom likes cars. He enjoys ________ different kinds of model cars. A．collect B．collecting C．to collect 5．—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 6．Some housework ________ by your parents should be done on your own. A．is given B．given C．gives 7．—Our parents often tell us not ______ with strangers on the internet. —That’s true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A．to talk B．talking C．talk 8．He is too fat. He has decided ________ more exercise to keep healthy. A．take B．taking C．to take 9．—The air is getting fresher little by little. —Yes! We should keep ________ our environment. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting 10．—Have you read the novels ________ by Mark Twain? —Yes. And many of them are well worth ________. A．writing, reading B．wrote, being read C．written, reading 二、语法选择 Dear Lydia, I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble talking with someone who you don’t know. I want to share my ideas with you. When you meet someone for the first time, you start with 11 introduction and then you may become silent. You’re not sure 12 you can say. You don’t know what questions to ask and you may feel a little uncomfortable. That’s what 13 want to avoid. A small talk can solve this problem. A small talk is 14 because it doesn’t put much pressure on people. We are not trying to change the world and we don’t need to make big decisions, 15 it does have a purpose. It helps us take the first step towards 16 a relationship with someone. We can’t get to know someone or build a real friendship if we don’t know anything about them. And a small talk helps us do that. A small talk also helps break the silence. You might 17 that English speakers don’t like silence. They do everything they can to avoid it. So a small talk 18 to help them break the silence. Now, 19 the right understanding of a small talk, you’ll be able to confidently have a small talk with others. When you meet exchange 20 at school, please try it bravely. Yours, Miss Wang 11．A．a B．an C．the 12．A．what B．who C．which 13．A．we B．our C．ours 14．A．relaxing B．relaxed C．relax 15．A．so B．but C．or 16．A．built B．to build C．building 17．A．notice B．notices C．noticed 18．A．is used B．are used C．was used 19．A．in B．for C．with 20．A．student B．students C．students’ 三、词语运用 21．What do you practice ________ (improve) your English skills? 22．During the summer vacation, Ken spent a lot of time in ________ (try) new things. 23．He prefers ________ (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends. 24．Helping others ________ (make) me feel happy. 25．The young should do meaningful things instead of ________ (play) with phones all day. 26．We can never learn to fly without ________ (crash) a few times. 27．Millie doesn’t mind ________ (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside. 28．I like the books ________ (write) by Lu Xun. 29．Listening to music is a good way ________ (relax) after a day’s work. 30．Jackie isn’t old enough ________ (go) to school. 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 One day, when most villagers were having dinner, a big fire broke out in the village. The fire, which was extremely fierce, 31 (quick) spread to other houses. Firefighters immediately rushed to the scene. They worked hard to put out the fire. All of a sudden, they heard a voice crying 32 help from one of the windows. It was a little girl 33 couldn’t escape from her bedroom. She was very afraid because she was only six years old. Two firefighters ran towards the 34 (burn) building at once. 35 the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down. Inside, the thick smoke made it difficult 36 (see) clearly. The heat was intense, but firefighters didn’t give up. They searched carefully and finally found 37 girl. Thanks to the firefighters, she 38 (save). When the firefighters came out with the girl, the crowd burst into cheers. The firefighters had saved her at great risk to 39 (they) own lives. No matter what happens, firefighters are always the 40 (hero) we can rely on. They show us the meaning of bravery and self-sacrifice. 31.___________ 32.___________ 33.___________ 34.___________ 35.___________ 36.___________ 37.___________ 38.___________ 39.___________ 40.___________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词的非谓语形式（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词不定式（to do） 考点二 动名词（doing） 考点三 分词（现在分词doing /过去分词done） 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1.命题形式：2025 年河北中考英语题型改革后，短文填空为核心考查载体，同时在完形填空、阅读理解长难句理解、书面表达高分句式构建中进行综合考查，融入语篇语境。 2.命题内容：河北中考近三年对非谓语动词的考查，动词不定式（to do）为核心考点，累计考查 4 次，集中在固定搭配的宾补、宾语用法；分词（现在分词/过去分词）转化形容词为高频易错考点，累计考查3次；动名词（doing）近三年未单独设空考查，但在固定搭配中为语篇理解和书面表达的必备知识点。 3.命题难度：整体难度中等，以基础固定搭配考查为主，难点集中在分词作表语/定语的辨析、不定式与动名词的用法差异，是二轮复习中区分中等生与优等生的关键考点。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 动词不定式（to do）固定搭配 ①短文填空 54 题（encourage sb. to do） ②短文填空 50 题（疑问词 + to do 作宾语） / ①单项选择 6 题（be supposed to do） ②词语运用 48 题（tell sb. not to do） 分词（现在分词/过去分词）作表语/定语 ①短文填空 46 题（interest→interesting） / ①词语运用 47 题（relax→relaxed） 非谓语动词句法功能（定语/状语/补语） 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 完形填空、阅读理解语篇理解 命题预测 1.核心考点：2026年河北中考或将继续以动词不定式（to do）为核心必考点，短文填空中稳定设置1-2题考查固定搭配，重点集中在 “动词 + sb.+to do” 宾补结构、疑问词+不定式作宾语两大方向。 2.分词考查：2023、2025 年连续考查分词转化形容词的用法，2026 年大概率延续该考法，同时可能在完形填空中考查分词作定语/状语的语境辨析。 3.考查综合化：非谓语动词将与被动语态、时态、形容词副词考点结合考查，同时成为书面表达高分句式的核心构建要素，要求学生不仅能完成词形填空，更能在写作中灵活运用非谓语优化句式。 考点一 动词不定式（to do） 1.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 54 题）Therefore, I encourage you __________ (create) your “Good Things Jug” today. 【答案】to create 【解析】句意：因此，我鼓励你今天就创建你的 “好事罐”。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语，固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth.，意为 “鼓励某人做某事”，故填to create. 2.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 50 题）There we __________ (teach) my pet cat how to clap (拍) with his feet. 【答案】taught 【解析】句意：在那里，我们教我的宠物猫用脚拍手。本句考查时态的同时，核心涉及非谓语结构 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语，how to clap 是 teach 的宾语，故填taught. 3.（2023・河北卷・单项选择 6 题）We are supposed to __________ our hand before we speak in class. A. put up B. put out C. put down D. put away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在课堂上发言之前，我们应该先举手。考查动词短语辨析的同时，核心考查不定式固定句型 be supposed to do sth.，意为 “应该做某事”，to 后接动词原形，故选A。 4.（2023・河北卷・词语运用 48 题）Mr. Zhao is patient and he always __________ (tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers. 【答案】tells 【解析】句意：赵老师很有耐心，他总是告诉我们不要担心给出错误的答案。考查时态的同时，核心考查不定式的否定式作宾语补足语，固定搭配 tell sb. not to do sth.，意为 “告诉某人不要做某事”，故填tells。 考查方向 核心规则 河北中考高频固定搭配/句型 不定式作宾语补足语 “动词+宾语+ to do” 结构，不定式补充说明宾语的动作 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 疑问词+不定式作宾语 what/how/when/where/which+to do，相当于宾语从句，在句中作动词的宾语 teach sb. how to do 教某人如何做 know what to do 知道做什么 learn where to go 了解去哪里 不定式作宾语 部分及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词 want to do 想要做 decide to do 决定做 hope to do 希望做 plan to do 计划做 learn to do 学习做 不定式固定句型 河北中考高频基础句型，书面表达高分必备 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 It's + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的 It's + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是…… 的（形容人的品质） can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 1.使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch/feel 等）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 “make sb. do sth.”；但变为被动语态时，to 必须还原，如 “sb. be made to do sth.”，为完形填空、书面表达高频易错点； 2.固定搭配 had better (not) do sth. 后接动词原形，不能加 to，为基础易错点； 3.It's + adj. + for sb. 与 of sb. 的区别：形容词修饰事情用 for，修饰人的品质（kind/nice/clever/foolish 等）用 of，是书面表达高频易错句型。 1.找标志词：先圈画空格前的高频谓语动词（tell/encourage/ask/want/teach 等），这些词是不定式作宾补的核心标志； 2.判结构：看空格前是否有疑问词（what/how/when），若有，90% 考查 “疑问词 + to do” 结构； 3.验形式：注意不定式的否定式为 not to do，而非 to not do，这是河北中考短文填空的高频易错点。 1．The doctors and nurses managed ________ the lives of patients, though they didn’t have enough medicine. A．saving B．saved C．to save D．save 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管没有足够的药物，医生和护士们还是设法挽救了病人的生命。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，强调成功完成，C项符合。故选C。 2．The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议这位年轻人在日常生活中停止食用不健康的食物。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式to stop。故选B。 3．My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友经常要求我教她如何滑冰。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式形式。故选C。 4．Students are encouraged ________ more time outdoors to improve their physical and mental health. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们被鼓励花更多时间在户外以改善他们的身心健康。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Students are encouraged...more time outdoors to improve their physical and mental health.”可知，句中encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，其被动形式为“sb. be encouraged to do sth.”，所以此处应该用动词不定式“to spend”作主语补足语。故选B。 5．The school expects students ________ well during exams. A．behave B．behaved C．behaving D．to behave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学校期望学生们在考试期间表现良好。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“期望某人做某事”，其中expect是动词原形，sb是expect的宾语，to do sth是宾语补足语，所以此处应用动词不定式to behave。故选D。 6．—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想去体育中心看篮球比赛吗？——我想去，但是我父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to do作宾语补足语。所以此处应该用to stay out。故选D。 7．She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English. A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她决定加入一些英语俱乐部来练习她的英语口语。 考查非谓语动词。join加入，动词原形；joined动词过去式；joining动名词/现在分词；to join动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，固定搭配，此处要用动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 8．My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父母经常告诉我上学不要迟到。 考查非谓语动词用法。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 9．Mr. Green tried his best ________ his students understand the difficult math problem. A．help B．helped C．to help D．helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林先生尽力帮助他的学生理解这道数学难题。 考查动词不定式。根据“tried his best...”可知，try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽最大努力去做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to help。故选C。 10．There are so many beautiful scarves, I don’t know _________ . A．how to buy B．what to buy C．to choose which one D．which one to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有那么多漂亮的围巾，我不知道买哪一条。 考查宾语从句。how to buy如何购买；what to buy买什么；to choose which one选择哪一个；which one to buy买哪一个。根据“There are so many beautiful scarves…”，可知，此处询问的是，不知道自己该买哪一个。应该用“which one to buy” 表示哪一个，多条围巾中选一条。故选D。 考点二 动名词（doing） 2023-2025 年河北中考英语真题未单独设空考查动名词，仅在语篇和固定搭配中进行隐性考查。 1.（2025・河北石家庄一模）I enjoy _________ (read) English poems in my free time. 【答案】reading 【解析】句意：我喜欢在空闲时间读英文诗。考查动名词作宾语，固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.，意为 “喜欢做某事”，故填reading。 考查场景 核心规则 河北中考高频固定搭配/句型 动名词作动词宾语 部分及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 keep doing sth. 持续做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 介词后接动名词 所有介词（in/on/at/for/with/from/about 等）后，若接动词，必须用动名词形式 be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事 thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事 learn from doing sth. 从做某事中学习 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 动名词固定句型 河北中考书面表达高频句型 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 1.部分动词后接不定式和动名词，含义不同： remember to do 记得去做某事（未做）；remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do 忘记去做某事（未做）；forget doing 忘记做过某事（已做） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 2.be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事（to 是介词，后接动名词），与 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形）。 河北中考动名词考点快速识别标志： 1.空格前出现 enjoy/finish/keep/mind 等高频动词，直接锁定动名词 doing 形式； 2.空格前是介词（包括短语介词），无论是否有其他修饰词，动词一律用动名词 doing 形式，这是短文填空的秒杀技巧； 3.动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 “Reading English is good for your study.”，是书面表达高分句式。 1．Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝利早年光着脚踢足球，用的是袜子做的球。 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词playing。故选C。 2．Can you imagine ________ a strange planet some day in the future? A．visit B．visiting C．visited D．to visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能想象在未来某天拜访一个陌生的星球吗？ 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“想象做某事”，因此动词需用动名词形式visiting。故选B。 3．Have you finished _______ your English composition on how to keep healthy? A．write B．writing C．to write D．to writing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你写完关于如何保持健康的英语作文了吗？ 考查非谓语动词。动词finish后应接动名词作宾语，表示“完成做某事”，因此空格处需用writing。故选B。 4．Mr Ma was so busy ________ our homework that he forgot to have his lunch. A．check B．checked C．to check D．checking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马老师如此忙于检查我们的作业，以至于忘了吃午饭。 考查非谓语动词。“be busy doing”为固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，所以此处用动名词checking。故选D。 5．Ella said she didn’t mind ________ for some time before she could buy the ticket. A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Ella说她不介意在买票前等一段时间。 考查动词mind的用法。mind后需接动名词（doing）作宾语，表示“介意做某事”，此处指“不介意等一段时间”。故选D。 6．The farmer grows his crops without ________ any chemicals. They are completely organic and safe to eat. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位农民种庄稼不使用任何化学物质。它们是完全有机的，食用安全。 考查without的用法。without是介词，其后接动词时要用动词的-ing形式，即without doing sth.，表示“不做某事”，所以这里应该用using。故选C。 7．He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他通过反复练习来避免犯错。 考查非谓语动词。made过去式或过去分词；making动名词或现在分词；to make不定式；makes第三人称单数形式。根据“He avoided...mistakes by practicing it over and over again.”可知，“avoid doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“避免做某事”，所以此处要用“make”的动名词形式“making”来作“avoided”的宾语。故选B。 8．A great many people in Changchun enjoy ________ flowers along the Yitong River in spring. A．admire B．to admire C．admired D．admiring 【答案】D 【详解】句意：长春许多人喜欢春天沿伊通河赏花。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth为固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，强调习惯性动作或爱好，所以填动名词形式。故选D。 9．The girl is afraid ________ out at night. A．of going B．going C．goes D．to going 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个女孩害怕晚上出去。 考查非谓语动词。be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，固定搭配。故选A。 10．We often practise ________ English in class. A．speak B．speaks C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们经常在课堂上练习说英语。 考查动名词作宾语。结合语境，“practise”是动词，意为 “练习”，它的常见用法是“practise doing sth”，表示 “练习做某事”。故选C。 11．I’m looking forward to ________ you soon. A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我期待着尽快见到你。 考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing意为“期待做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词作宾语。故选C。 12．The books written by Lu Xun are worth ________. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：鲁迅写的书值得一读。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，固定搭配，应用动名词reading作宾语。故选D。 13．—Does this man look familiar (熟悉的) to you, Madam? —Ah, yes! I remember ________ him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——女士，你觉得这个人看起来熟悉吗？——啊，是的！我记得昨天下午在附近见过他。 考查动词非谓语。根据“him in the neighborhood yesterday afternoon.”可知是指记得昨天下午在附近见过他。remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”（已发生），此处“见过他”是已发生的动作，因此用动名词seeing。故选C。 14．My cousin used to ________a taxi to school, but now she is used to ________ to school. A．take; walk B．taking; walking C．taking; walk D．take; walking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的表妹过去常常乘出租车去上学，但是现在她习惯于步行去上学。 考查used to do和be used to doing的区别。take a taxi乘出租车，动词原形；taking a taxi乘出租车，动名词形式；walk步行，动词原形；walking步行，动名词形式。根据“My cousin used to...a taxi to school”可知，此处表示过去常常乘出租车去上学，used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，所以第一空用take；根据“but now she is used to...to school”可知，此处表示现在习惯于步行去上学，be used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，所以第二空用walking。故选D。 15．—The fashion show last night was so wonderful that I couldn’t stop ________ photos. —Me, too. I have never seen a show like this. A．to take B．taking C．take D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨晚的时装秀太精彩了，我忍不住一直拍照。——我也是，从未见过这样的表演。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The fashion show last night was so wonderful that I couldn’t stop...photos”可知，时装秀太精彩了，故应是忍不住一直拍照，couldn’t stop doing sth.“忍不住做某事”。故选B。 考点三 分词（现在分词doing /过去分词done） 1.（2025・河北卷・短文填空 46 题）Some of the things are _________ (interest), some are serious, and some just give hope. 【答案】interesting 【解析】句意：有些事很有趣，有些很严肃，有些则给人希望。考查现在分词作表语，空格处修饰事物 “Some of the things”，表达事物本身的性质，用现在分词 interesting“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，故填interesting。 2.（2023・河北卷・词语运用 47 题）I felt _________ (relax) at once. 【答案】relaxed 【解析】句意：我立刻感到放松。考查过去分词作表语，空格处修饰人 “I”，表达人的主观感受，用过去分词 relaxed “感到放松的”，故填relaxed。 河北中考对分词的考查，90% 集中在情感类动词的分词转化形容词。 分词类型 核心含义 修饰对象 河北中考高频词 现在分词（doing） 表“主动/进行”，意为“令人…… 的”，强调事物本身具有的性质。 修饰事物或事件 interesting, exciting, surprising, amazing, relaxing, tiring, boring 过去分词（done） 表“被动/完成”，意为“感到…… 的”，强调人的主观感受。 修饰人，或人的表情、眼神等 interested, excited, surprised, amazed, relaxed, tired, bored 补充核心用法：分词作定语时，单个分词放在名词前，分词短语放在名词后，如 a running boy（一个正在跑步的男孩）、a book written by Lu Xun（一本鲁迅写的书），为阅读理解长难句理解核心考点。 1.现在分词与动名词形式一致，但用法完全不同：动名词相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语；现在分词相当于形容词 / 副词，在句中作表语、定语、状语，二轮复习需注意区分，避免书面表达出现语法错误； 2.过去分词作定语时，既表被动，也表完成；现在分词作定语时，既表主动，也表进行，是阅读理解长难句理解的高频难点，二轮复习需结合真题语篇强化理解； 3.注意不规则动词的过去分词变化，如 write→written, break→broken, teach→taught 等，避免短文填空出现拼写错误。 河北中考短文填空中，情感类动词分词辨析一步锁定答案： 看修饰对象 —— 修饰人，用 - ed 结尾；修饰物 / 事，用 - ing 结尾。 唯一例外：修饰人的 “表情、眼神、声音” 等能体现人内心感受的名词时，用 - ed 结尾，如： a relaxed look 放松的表情，an excited voice 激动的声音。 1．When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A．do B．did C．doing D．to do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我走过公园时，我看到一些老人在打中国太极拳。 考查非谓语。根据“When I walked past the park”可知，此处指看见动作正在进行，see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，此处表示看见一些老人正在打中国太极拳。故选C。 2．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 【答案】B 【详解】句意：听！你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？ 考查非谓语动词。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”，表示听到动作的全过程（常指经常性动作）。根据“Listen! Can you hear someone”可知，此处表示正在发生的动作，因此选择现在分词形式。故选B。 3．—What is behind that tree? —There must be a dog ________ beside it. A．sit B．sat C．to sit D．sitting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——那棵树后面是什么？——一定有一只狗坐在它旁边。 考查非谓语动词。根据“What is behind that tree?”可知，此处强调动作的进行，指一只狗正坐在它旁边，用现在分词形式。故选D。 4．—Do you know the women ________ clothes by the river? —I have no idea. A．washing B．washed C．to wash D．washes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识在河边洗衣服的妇女吗？——我不认识。 考查现在分词作定语。washing洗，现在分词；washed过去分词，洗完了的；to wash洗，to do不定式；washes洗，动词三单。空前的“women”与“wash”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰“women”，表示“在洗衣服的妇女”。故选A。 5．The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：韩寒写的这本书在青少年中非常受欢迎。 考查动词非谓语。write写，动词原形；wrote过去式；writing现在分词；written过去分词。句子结构为“The book...by Han Han is…”，此处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，the book与write之间的关系是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语修饰the book，write的过去分词written。故选D。 6．—The song________ by Jay Chou is very popular. —I like it, too. His songs always sound so nice. A．is sung B．was sung C．sung D．singing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——周杰伦唱的那首歌很受欢迎。——我也喜欢。他的歌听起来总是那么好听。 考查非谓语动词作后置定语。is sung一般现在时被动语态；was sung一般过去时被动语态；sung过去分词；singing现在分词。空格处需用过去分词作后置定语，修饰the song，表示“被周杰伦唱的歌”。故选C。 7．Please give this book to a boy ________ Zhang Ming. A．call B．called C．calling D．to call 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请把这本书给一个叫张明的男孩。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，作后置定语，a boy与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式。故选B。 8．The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上个月发明的新机器人可以代替人类做许多工作。 考查非谓语动词。根据“can do”可知，空处用非谓语动词，主语“robot”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，因此此处用动词过去分词形式表被动。故选B。 9．Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A．done B．to do C．does D．do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天是星期一，所以你今天必须完成作业。 考查非谓语动词。根据“so you must get your homework…today.”可知，get sth. done意为“让某事被做”，固定用法，因此此处用动词过去分词形式done。故选A。 10．—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——快！电影开始前剩下的时间不多了。——好的。我们现在就走吧。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子，空格处应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，表示已经完成的动作与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，left 意为 “剩下的” 。故选D。 一、单项选择 1．Many young people consider ________ AI robots to help with their daily housework, since technology is developing so fast. A．use B．using C．to use 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多年轻人考虑使用AI机器人来帮助处理日常家务，因为科技发展如此迅速。 考查非谓语动词。根据“consider”可知，动词consider后应接动名词作宾语，表示“考虑做某事”，因此空格处需用using。故选B。 2．________ the classroom cleaner, Bob volunteered to clean it just now. A．Make B．Making C．To make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了让教室更干净，鲍勃刚才主动提出打扫。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Bob volunteered to clean it just now”可知，鲍勃主动打扫教室的目的是“让教室更干净”，表示目的应使用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故选C。 3．—I got up late. —You must manage __________ to school on time. A．to get B．getting C．get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我起晚了。——你必须设法准时到学校。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.“设法做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故选A。 4．Little Tom likes cars. He enjoys ________ different kinds of model cars. A．collect B．collecting C．to collect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小汤姆喜欢汽车。他喜欢收集不同种类的模型汽车。 考查非谓语。根据enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”可知，此处应用动名词collecting。故选B。 5．—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！操场上有一些学生在打篮球。——是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。 考查非谓语动词。there be sb. doing sth.“有某人正在做某事”，第一个空应填现在分词。根据“often see”可知，此处用see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事”，强调整个过程，故选B。 6．Some housework ________ by your parents should be done on your own. A．is given B．given C．gives 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你父母分配的一些家务应该由你自己完成。 考查过去分词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填入一个词修饰“housework”，且与“by your parents”构成被动关系，A项“is given”是谓语动词形式，但句中已有谓语“should be done”，故排除；C项“gives”是主动语态，与语境矛盾，故排除。B项“given”是过去分词，可作后置定语，表被动，正确。故选B。 7．—Our parents often tell us not ______ with strangers on the internet. —That’s true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A．to talk B．talking C．talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们的父母经常告诉我们不要在网上和陌生人交谈。——确实如此。作为青少年，我们应该学会保护自己。 考查动词不定式用法。tell sb. not to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此空格处需填入动词不定式形式。选项中只有A项（to talk）符合语法结构，故选A。 8．He is too fat. He has decided ________ more exercise to keep healthy. A．take B．taking C．to take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他太胖了。他已经决定做更多的运动来保持健康。 考查动词非谓语。根据“He has decided...more exercise to keep healthy.”可知，此处是固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，表示“决定做某事”，所以此处要用动词不定式“to take”作宾语。故选C。 9．—The air is getting fresher little by little. —Yes! We should keep ________ our environment. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——空气正逐渐变得更清新。——是的！我们应该继续保护我们的环境。   考查固定短语。protect保护，动词原形；to protect动词不定式；protecting动名词形式。keep doing sth.是固定用法，意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”。“keep to do”这种表达不正确；“keep”后不能直接跟动词原形“protect”。所以此处应填“protecting”。故选C。 10．—Have you read the novels ________ by Mark Twain? —Yes. And many of them are well worth ________. A．writing, reading B．wrote, being read C．written, reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你有读过马克·吐温写的小说吗？——有的。其中很多都值得一读。 考查过去分词作定语和动名词作宾语。根据“Have you read”可知，句中已有谓语动词，根据“by Mark Twain”可知，此处应用过去分词written作定语修饰名词the novels；be well worth doing“值得做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选C。 二、语法选择 Dear Lydia, I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble talking with someone who you don’t know. I want to share my ideas with you. When you meet someone for the first time, you start with 11 introduction and then you may become silent. You’re not sure 12 you can say. You don’t know what questions to ask and you may feel a little uncomfortable. That’s what 13 want to avoid. A small talk can solve this problem. A small talk is 14 because it doesn’t put much pressure on people. We are not trying to change the world and we don’t need to make big decisions, 15 it does have a purpose. It helps us take the first step towards 16 a relationship with someone. We can’t get to know someone or build a real friendship if we don’t know anything about them. And a small talk helps us do that. A small talk also helps break the silence. You might 17 that English speakers don’t like silence. They do everything they can to avoid it. So a small talk 18 to help them break the silence. Now, 19 the right understanding of a small talk, you’ll be able to confidently have a small talk with others. When you meet exchange 20 at school, please try it bravely. Yours, Miss Wang 11．A．a B．an C．the 12．A．what B．who C．which 13．A．we B．our C．ours 14．A．relaxing B．relaxed C．relax 15．A．so B．but C．or 16．A．built B．to build C．building 17．A．notice B．notices C．noticed 18．A．is used B．are used C．was used 19．A．in B．for C．with 20．A．student B．students C．students’ 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文这是一封王老师写给Lydia的建议信，主要讨论了如何通过闲聊来克服与陌生人交流的困难。 11．句意：当你第一次遇到某人时，你就开始介绍，然后你可能会保持沉默。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词；the这个，表特指。根据“you start with...introduction and...”可知，空处泛指“一个介绍”，需不定冠词。introduction是以元音音素开头，需冠词an修饰。故选B。 12．句意：你不确定该说什么。 what什么；who谁；which哪一个。根据分析句子结构可知，空处缺宾语，需what来引导宾语从句。故选A。 13．句意：这正是我们想避免的。 we我们，主格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，空处需从句的主语，需主格作主语。故选A。 14．句意：闲聊很放松，因为它不会给人压力。 relaxing令人放松的，修饰物；relaxed放松的，修饰人；relax使放松。系动词is后跟形容词作表语，主语A small talk为物，需形容词relaxing。故选A。 15．句意：我们不是在试图改变世界，并且我们不需要做重大决定，但它确实要有目的。 so所以；but但是；or或者。根据空前后关系可知，空处表转折，需连词but。故选B。 16．句意：它帮助我们迈出与某人建立关系的第一步。 built建立，动词过去式；to build建立，动词不定式；building建立，动名词。towards是介词，后接动名词building。故选C。 17．句意：你可能会注意到说英语的人不喜欢沉默。 notice注意，动词原形；notices注意，动词三单形式；noticed注意，动词过去式或过去分词。情态动词might后接动词原形。故选A。 18．句意：所以闲聊被用来帮他们打破沉默。 is used被用于，用于主语为单数的一般现在时的被动语态；are used用于主语为复数的一般现在时的被动语态；was used用于主语为单数的一般过去时的被动语态。a small talk与选项核心动词use之间为被动关系，因是陈述事实，需一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be+done，主语为名词单数，be动词用is。故选A。 19．句意：有了对闲聊的正确理解，你将可以自信地与他人进行一次闲聊。 in在……里；for为；with带着。根据“...the right understanding of a small talk”可知，空处需介词with，表示“具备某种条件”。故选C。 20．句意：当你在学校遇到交换生们时，请勇敢地尝试。 student学生，名词单数；students学生，名词复数；students’学生的。空处表泛指，需名词复数形式。故选B。 三、词语运用 21．What do you practice ________ (improve) your English skills? 【答案】to improve 【详解】句意：你练习什么来提高你的英语技能？根据句意，空格处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to improve。 22．During the summer vacation, Ken spent a lot of time in ________ (try) new things. 【答案】trying 【详解】句意：暑假期间，Ken花了很多时间尝试新事物。根据“Ken spent a lot of time in…new things”可知，此处是固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”。在介词in后应接动名词形式作宾语。try意为“尝试”，动词；其动名词形式为trying。故填trying。 23．He prefers ________ (stay) at home rather than go out on weekends. 【答案】to stay 【详解】句意：在周末，他宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。stay“待，停留”，动词；固定搭配“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”，意为“宁愿做某事也不愿做另一件事”。故填to stay。 24．Helping others ________ (make) me feel happy. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意：帮助他人让我感到快乐。此处描述事实，用一般现在时，句子主语“Helping others”是动名词短语，表示单数概念，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 25．The young should do meaningful things instead of ________ (play) with phones all day. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：年轻人应该做些有意义的事，而不是整天玩手机。“instead of”意为“而不是”，为介词短语，后面应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。此处“玩手机”应为动名词形式。动词play的动名词是playing。故填 playing。 26．We can never learn to fly without ________ (crash) a few times. 【答案】crashing 【详解】句意：不经历几次坠机，我们永远也学不会飞行。根据“without”可知，此处使用动名词作宾语，crash“坠机”，动名词为crashing。故填crashing。 27．Millie doesn’t mind ________ (open) the window though it’s quite cold outside. 【答案】opening 【详解】句意：尽管外面很冷，米莉并不介意开窗。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，是固定搭配，用opening。故填opening。 28．I like the books ________ (write) by Lu Xun. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：我喜欢鲁迅写的那些书。根据“the books…by Lu Xun”可知，此处用过去分词作定语修饰books，write应变为过去分词形式written。故填written。 29．Listening to music is a good way ________ (relax) after a day’s work. 【答案】to relax 【详解】句意：听音乐是一天工作之后放松的好方法。“a good way to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“做某事的好方法”，所以用动词不定式“to relax”。 故填to relax。 30．Jackie isn’t old enough ________ (go) to school. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：杰基还不够大，不能去上学。形容词+enough to do“足够……可以做……”，空处填动词不定式作结果状语。go“去”，动词，不定式为to go。故填to go。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 One day, when most villagers were having dinner, a big fire broke out in the village. The fire, which was extremely fierce, 31 (quick) spread to other houses. Firefighters immediately rushed to the scene. They worked hard to put out the fire. All of a sudden, they heard a voice crying 32 help from one of the windows. It was a little girl 33 couldn’t escape from her bedroom. She was very afraid because she was only six years old. Two firefighters ran towards the 34 (burn) building at once. 35 the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down. Inside, the thick smoke made it difficult 36 (see) clearly. The heat was intense, but firefighters didn’t give up. They searched carefully and finally found 37 girl. Thanks to the firefighters, she 38 (save). When the firefighters came out with the girl, the crowd burst into cheers. The firefighters had saved her at great risk to 39 (they) own lives. No matter what happens, firefighters are always the 40 (hero) we can rely on. They show us the meaning of bravery and self-sacrifice. 31.___________ 32.___________ 33.___________ 34.___________ 35.___________ 36.___________ 37.___________ 38.___________ 39.___________ 40.___________ 【答案】 31．quickly 32．for 33．who 34．burning 35．Although/Though 36．to see 37．the 38．was saved 39．their 40．heroes 【导语】本文描述了一场村庄火灾中，消防员英勇救援被困小女孩的感人故事，展现了消防员的勇敢与无私。 31．句意：火势极其猛烈，迅速蔓延到其他房屋。根据“spread to other houses”可知，此处表示火势蔓延的速度很快，因此用副词“quickly”修饰动词“spread”。故填quickly。 32．句意：突然，他们听到一个声音从一扇窗户里哭喊着求救。根据“crying...help”可知，此处表示哭喊着求救，因此用介词“for”表示目的。故填for。 33．句意：那是一个无法从卧室逃出来的小女孩。根据“It was a little girl...couldn’t escape from her bedroom.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词“a little girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。 34．句意：两名消防员立即跑向燃烧的大楼。根据“building”可知，此处表示大楼正在燃烧的状态，因此用现在分词“burning”作定语修饰“building”。故填burning。 35．句意：尽管房子已经处于糟糕的状态，他们还是踢开了门。根据“...the house was already in terrible condition, they kicked the door down.”可知，此处表示尽管房子状况糟糕，但他们还是采取了行动，因此用连词“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 36．句意：里面浓烟滚滚，很难看清。根据“made it difficult...clearly”可知，此处表示使看清变得困难，因此用动词不定式“to see”作宾语补足语，构成“make it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。故填to see。 37．句意：他们仔细搜索，终于找到了那个女孩。根据“finally found...girl”可知，此处表示特指上文提到的小女孩，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 38．句意：多亏了消防员，她得救了。根据“she...(save).”可知，此处表示她被救，且描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was saved”。故填was saved。 39．句意：消防员冒着生命危险救了她。根据“...own lives”可知，此处表示他们自己的生命，因此用形容词性物主代词“their”修饰“lives”。故填their。 40．句意：无论发生什么，消防员总是我们可以依靠的英雄。根据“firefighters are always the...(hero) we can rely on.”可知，此处表示消防员是我们可以依靠的英雄，且主语“firefighters”为复数，因此用名词复数形式“heroes”。故填heroes。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2/18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $